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Appl
ied P
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J
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.
4
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Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
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,
p
p
.
3
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~
3
6
3
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
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J
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a
p
e.
ia
esco
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co
m
Co
mpa
ra
tive a
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ly
sis
of f
uzzy
and
ANFIS
ba
sed M
P
PT
co
ntroller for
win
d power g
en
erati
o
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stem
Anna
m
a
la
i Mu
t
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De
p
a
rtme
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t
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i
v
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wa
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a
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nfo
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r
ticle
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to
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y:
R
ec
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u
l
8
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2
0
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R
ev
is
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u
g
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,
2
0
21
Acc
ep
ted
Sep
1
1
,
2
0
21
In
re
c
e
n
t
y
e
a
rs,
h
u
g
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
ts
in
win
d
e
n
e
r
g
y
p
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d
u
c
ti
o
n
a
n
d
m
e
e
t
c
o
n
su
m
e
r
d
e
m
a
n
d
.
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m
e
ro
u
s
re
se
a
rc
h
e
rs
h
a
v
e
fo
c
u
se
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o
n
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a
x
im
u
m
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rg
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e
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e
ra
ti
o
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tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
fo
r
t
h
e
win
d
sy
ste
m
.
Th
e
m
a
in
re
a
so
n
f
o
r
th
is
wo
rk
is
to
c
o
m
p
a
re
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iffere
n
t
sm
a
rt
c
o
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tro
ll
e
r
s fo
r
th
e
m
a
x
imu
m
p
o
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g
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e
ra
ti
o
n
tec
h
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u
e
s
in
t
h
e
win
d
s
y
ste
m
.
In
th
is
a
rti
c
le,
we
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
a
n
d
m
o
d
e
led
a
250
-
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tt
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d
p
o
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sy
ste
m
in
a
M
ATLAB
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n
v
ir
o
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u
late
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it
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it
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Ba
s
e
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o
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h
e
sim
u
latio
n
re
su
lt
s,
tw
o
in
telli
g
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n
t
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
rs,
su
c
h
a
s fu
z
z
y
a
n
d
AN
F
IS
,
we
re
p
ro
p
o
se
d
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
a
re
d
to
o
b
tain
th
e
m
a
x
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m
e
n
e
r
g
y
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
in
t
h
e
win
d
s
y
ste
m
.
F
in
a
ll
y
,
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
a
l
sm
a
rt
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
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wa
s c
h
o
s
e
n
b
a
se
d
o
n
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
ANFI
S
E
n
er
g
y
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
Fu
zz
y
MA
T
L
AB
Ma
x
im
u
m
p
o
wer
p
o
i
n
t tr
ac
k
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g
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in
d
p
o
wer
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y
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tem
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
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n
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c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
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-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
An
n
am
alai
Mu
th
u
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
i
n
ee
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in
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Un
iv
er
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ity
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f
T
ec
h
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n
d
Ap
p
lied
Scien
ce
Nizwa
-
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zk
i Ro
ad
,
PO Bo
x
4
7
7
Nizwa
,
6
1
1
A
d
Dak
h
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ah
,
Om
an
E
m
ail: a
n
n
am
alai.
m
u
th
u
@
n
ct.
ed
u
.
o
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
o
d
ay
,
th
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
an
d
u
s
e
o
f
wid
ely
d
ev
elo
p
ed
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
d
u
e
to
th
e
g
r
o
win
g
n
ee
d
f
o
r
elec
tr
icity
an
d
th
e
i
n
co
n
v
e
n
ien
ce
an
d
d
if
f
icu
lties
o
f
g
e
n
er
atin
g
en
er
g
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
tr
ad
itio
n
al
e
n
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
h
av
e
p
a
v
ed
th
e
wa
y
f
o
r
g
r
ea
ter
atte
n
tio
n
to
r
en
ewa
b
le
s
o
u
r
ce
s
in
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
r
ev
iew
ar
ticles
s
h
o
w
th
at
r
en
ewa
b
le
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ically
h
ig
h
ly
e
f
f
icien
t
co
m
p
a
r
ed
to
tr
ad
itio
n
al
a
n
d
tr
ad
itio
n
al
f
o
s
s
il
p
o
wer
g
e
n
er
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
,
b
u
t
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
clea
n
er
an
d
q
u
an
tu
m
en
er
g
y
ten
d
s
to
m
a
n
y
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
ts
in
alter
n
ativ
e
en
er
g
y
g
e
n
er
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
E
lectr
icity
,
wh
ich
m
ak
es
r
en
ewa
b
le
s
y
s
tem
s
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
o
p
u
lar
an
d
wid
ely
u
s
ed
f
o
r
m
an
y
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
2
]
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
s
ec
to
r
o
f
th
e
win
d
en
er
g
y
co
n
v
er
s
i
o
n
s
y
s
tem
(
W
E
C
S)
h
as
s
ee
n
a
l
o
t
o
f
p
a
r
ticip
atio
n
an
d
an
a
ly
s
is
f
o
r
its
ex
ce
llen
t
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
r
em
o
te
ar
ea
s
f
o
r
wh
ich
s
u
p
p
ly
i
n
g
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
etwo
r
k
s
is
an
u
n
ec
o
n
o
m
ical
a
n
d
c
u
m
b
e
r
s
o
m
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
in
s
tallin
g
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
g
e
n
er
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
[
3
]
.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
o
p
u
lar
m
eth
o
d
s
,
PMSGs
ar
e
o
f
ten
ch
o
s
en
f
o
r
W
E
C
S,
w
h
ich
ac
t
in
d
ep
e
n
d
en
tly
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
eir
g
r
ea
ter
r
elia
b
ilit
y
,
lo
wer
co
s
ts
,
an
d
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
t
m
ain
ten
an
ce
.
Desp
ite
th
e
ad
v
an
tag
es,
it
is
m
ain
ly
s
u
itab
le
an
d
wid
ely
u
s
ed
f
o
r
v
ar
ia
b
le
s
p
ee
d
o
p
er
atio
n
,
with
1
0
-
1
5
%
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
t
p
o
wer
an
d
h
ig
h
e
r
p
o
wer
in
watts
,
less
m
ec
h
an
i
ca
l
s
tr
ess
an
d
less
p
o
wer
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
th
an
co
n
s
tan
t
s
p
ee
d
o
p
er
atio
n
.
A
PMSG
v
ar
iab
le
s
p
ee
d
win
d
tu
r
b
i
n
e
s
y
s
tem
is
m
o
r
e
f
lex
ib
le
to
a
d
ap
t
to
s
u
d
d
en
c
h
an
g
es in
t
h
e
win
d
[
4
]
.
T
h
is
liter
atu
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
a
d
etai
led
r
ev
iew
o
f
p
ast
an
d
p
r
esen
t
MPPT
-
b
ased
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
ap
p
l
ied
in
th
e
W
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C
S
d
esig
n
f
o
r
m
ax
im
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m
p
o
wer
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
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g
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er
m
an
en
t
m
ag
n
et
s
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n
c
h
r
o
n
o
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s
g
en
er
ato
r
s
(
PMSG)
,
s
q
u
ir
r
el
-
ca
g
e
i
n
d
u
ctio
n
g
e
n
er
a
to
r
s
(
SC
I
G)
,
an
d
d
o
u
b
ly
p
o
we
r
ed
g
e
n
er
ato
r
i
n
d
u
ctio
n
(
DFI
G)
.
T
h
ese
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
m
o
d
els
ca
n
b
e
class
if
ied
in
to
th
r
ee
m
ain
co
n
tr
o
l
m
eth
o
d
s
,
(
a)
T
h
e
t
ip
s
p
ee
d
r
atio
c
o
n
tr
o
l
(
T
SR
)
m
eth
o
d
,
(
b
)
T
h
e
p
o
wer
s
ig
n
al
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
c
o
n
tr
o
l (
PS
F)
m
eth
o
d
,
an
d
(
c)
T
h
e
c
lim
b
s
ea
r
ch
c
o
n
tr
o
l
(
HC
S)
m
eth
o
d
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J
Ap
p
l
Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
3
5
5
–
363
356
T
h
e
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
n
o
f
g
lo
b
al
wa
r
m
in
g
to
g
et
h
er
with
th
e
s
ca
r
ci
ty
an
d
lack
o
f
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
f
o
s
s
il
f
u
els
h
av
e
f
u
r
th
er
co
n
tr
i
b
u
ted
to
m
o
tiv
ate
th
e
r
esear
ch
wo
r
k
to
w
ar
d
s
th
e
g
en
er
atio
n
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
le
elec
tr
icity
an
d
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
le
e
n
er
g
y
,
win
d
en
er
g
y
h
as
b
ee
n
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
as
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
a
n
d
f
am
iliar
s
o
u
r
ce
in
th
e
elec
tr
ic
ity
s
ec
to
r
.
R
en
ewa
b
le
win
d
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
f
o
r
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
ar
e
h
u
g
e
all
o
v
e
r
t
h
e
wo
r
ld
.
On
ly
1
0
%
o
f
th
e
av
ailab
le
win
d
s
o
u
r
ce
s
m
ee
t
th
e
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
en
er
g
y
g
en
er
atio
n
estab
lis
h
ed
af
ter
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
[
5
]
.
I
n
v
iew
o
f
th
is
,
th
e
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
in
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
win
d
tu
r
b
in
es
an
d
W
E
C
S
is
p
r
o
g
r
ess
iv
ely
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
as
a
tr
en
d
r
esear
ch
s
ec
to
r
.
Sin
ce
th
en
,
th
e
g
r
ea
te
r
p
o
wer
r
an
g
e
o
f
win
d
tu
r
b
in
es,
th
e
n
ee
d
t
o
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
co
r
r
ec
t
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
b
et
wee
n
th
e
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
g
e
n
er
atio
n
/co
n
v
er
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
an
d
th
e
elec
tr
icity
g
r
i
d
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
o
p
tim
al
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
.
As
a
p
r
ac
tical
s
o
lu
tio
n
,
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
an
d
d
ev
ices
b
ased
o
n
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
ics
h
a
s
alr
ea
d
y
b
ee
n
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
to
co
n
n
ec
t
i
n
th
e
liter
atu
r
e,
s
ev
er
al
r
en
ewa
b
le
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
f
o
r
p
o
wer
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
s
ch
em
es
wer
e
p
r
esen
ted
.
Ma
n
y
ty
p
es
o
f
en
er
g
y
g
en
er
atio
n
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
s
wer
e
co
m
m
o
n
ly
u
s
ed
,
as in
[
6
]
a
n
d
[
7
]
.
Nu
m
er
o
u
s
r
esear
ch
p
ap
er
s
h
a
v
e
alr
ea
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ch
em
es
f
o
r
o
p
tim
al
en
er
g
y
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
W
E
C
S
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
v
er
y
s
im
p
le
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
to
f
in
d
a
n
d
o
b
tain
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
wer
p
o
in
t
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
PI
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
o
n
th
e
p
e
r
tu
r
b
an
d
o
b
s
er
v
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
[
9
]
a
n
d
[
1
0
]
,
b
u
t
th
ese
s
ch
em
es
f
ac
e
a
lack
o
f
ad
eq
u
ate
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
c
e.
An
o
th
er
well
-
k
n
o
w
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
th
e
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
f
o
r
esti
m
atin
g
win
d
s
p
ee
d
f
r
o
m
win
d
en
e
r
g
y
,
t
h
e
g
en
er
ato
r
s
p
ee
d
,
wh
ich
a
r
e
alr
ea
d
y
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
an
d
,
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
tly
,
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
th
e
m
a
x
im
u
m
p
o
wer
g
en
er
ato
r
o
r
th
e
r
e
f
er
en
ce
v
alu
e
L
a
p
air
ca
n
b
e
d
er
iv
e
d
f
o
r
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
p
o
in
t
tr
ac
k
er
[
1
1
]
an
d
[
1
2
]
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
n
e
u
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
-
b
ased
m
eth
o
d
s
en
s
u
r
e
r
ap
id
r
esp
o
n
s
e,
co
n
tr
o
ller
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
ails
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
ch
a
n
g
e
in
th
e
win
d
s
y
s
tem
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e,
m
eth
o
d
s
b
ased
o
n
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
i
c
h
av
e
b
ee
n
wid
ely
u
s
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
ei
r
b
etter
ef
f
icac
y
,
as
p
r
esen
ted
in
[
1
3
]
a
n
d
[
14
]
.
O
n
th
e
co
n
tr
a
r
y
,
th
e
m
ain
d
r
awb
ac
k
s
an
d
lim
itatio
n
s
o
f
th
ese
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e
n
o
t
r
elia
b
le
;
lack
o
f
s
tab
ilit
y
,
u
n
ec
o
n
o
m
ical,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
an
d
th
e
p
o
in
t
o
f
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
v
ar
ies
i
n
a
wi
d
e
r
a
n
g
e.
T
h
e
en
er
g
y
-
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
f
win
d
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
v
er
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
'
s
o
p
er
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
e
d
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
th
e
f
u
zz
y
s
lid
in
g
m
o
d
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
[
1
5
]
an
d
[
1
6
]
.
Nu
m
er
o
u
s
liter
atu
r
e
s
tu
d
ies
co
n
d
u
cte
d
an
d
r
esear
ch
ed
f
o
r
s
tab
ilit
y
p
r
o
b
lem
a
n
a
ly
s
is
an
d
co
n
t
r
o
l
d
esig
n
ar
e
co
n
d
en
s
ed
in
to
L
M
I
s
itu
atio
n
s
,
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
ea
s
i
ly
s
o
lv
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
MA
T
L
AB
L
MI
to
o
lb
o
x
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
o
f
T
-
S
f
u
zz
y
p
r
o
v
id
es
an
ef
f
icien
t
way
to
d
e
s
ig
n
an
d
b
u
ild
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
[
1
8
]
.
B
y
c
o
m
b
in
i
n
g
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
lin
ea
r
m
o
d
els,
th
e
g
lo
b
al
s
y
s
tem
m
o
d
el
is
d
e
r
iv
ed
an
d
ac
h
iev
ed
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
e
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
o
n
ce
ag
ain
a
g
en
er
al
f
u
zz
y
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
ea
c
h
u
n
iq
u
e
lin
ea
r
co
n
t
r
o
ller
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
p
o
wer
f
lo
w
m
o
d
u
latio
n
an
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
u
s
in
g
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
ef
f
icien
t
u
s
ag
e
o
f
p
o
we
r
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
is
d
e
f
in
ed
.
T
h
e
b
atter
y
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t sy
s
tem
is
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
o
r
d
er
to
s
to
r
e
th
e
ex
ce
s
s
p
o
wer
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
an
d
u
s
e
th
at
p
o
wer
in
ca
s
e
o
f
p
o
wer
d
ef
icien
c
y
.
T
h
e
b
atter
y
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
is
c
o
n
tr
o
lled
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
wh
ich
is
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
in
tellig
en
t
co
n
tr
o
ll
er
s
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
o
f
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic/win
d
s
y
s
tem
an
d
th
e
r
elate
d
b
atter
y
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
l
-
b
ase
d
b
atter
y
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t
s
y
s
tem
h
as
b
ee
n
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
ef
f
icien
t
u
s
e
o
f
en
er
g
y
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
l
to
o
p
er
at
e
th
e
ch
ar
g
e
a
n
d
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
m
o
d
e
o
f
th
e
b
atter
y
d
u
r
in
g
n
o
n
-
lin
ea
r
p
o
wer
g
en
e
r
atio
n
[
2
1
]
.
A
r
o
b
u
s
t
co
n
t
r
o
l
f
o
r
th
e
win
d
c
o
n
v
e
r
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
b
ased
o
n
PMSG
an
d
DC
/
DC
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
with
th
e
aim
o
f
m
ain
tain
in
g
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
r
ec
tifie
d
g
en
e
r
ato
r
at
a
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
v
o
ltag
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
p
o
wer
s
et
b
y
th
e
s
u
p
er
v
is
o
r
m
o
d
u
le.
R
ef
er
en
c
e
p
o
wer
co
n
tr
o
l
is
g
u
ar
an
teed
with
o
u
t
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
win
d
s
p
ee
d
[
2
2
]
.
Mo
d
elin
g
o
f
a
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
in
d
u
ctio
n
g
en
er
ato
r
d
r
iv
en
b
y
a
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
a
x
is
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
is
d
escr
ib
ed
.
A
n
ad
ju
s
tab
le
ca
p
a
cito
r
b
an
k
co
n
n
ec
ts
to
th
e
c
o
n
n
ec
tio
n
p
o
in
t
with
a
s
tatic
v
ar
iatio
n
co
m
p
en
s
ato
r
(
SVC
)
,
wh
ich
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
to
r
eg
u
late
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
v
o
ltag
e.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
o
b
tain
ed
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
tak
in
g
i
n
to
ac
co
u
n
t
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ics
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
[
2
3
]
an
d
[
2
4
]
.
As
a
p
r
ac
tical
s
o
lu
tio
n
,
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ies
an
d
d
ev
ices
b
ased
o
n
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
ics
h
as
alr
ea
d
y
b
ee
n
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
to
co
n
n
ec
t
in
t
h
e
liter
atu
r
e,
s
ev
er
al
r
en
ewa
b
le
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
f
o
r
p
o
wer
co
n
v
er
s
i
o
n
s
ch
em
es
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
.
M
an
y
ty
p
es
o
f
en
er
g
y
g
en
er
atio
n
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
co
m
m
o
n
ly
u
s
ed
.
T
h
e
p
o
p
u
lar
c
o
n
v
e
r
s
io
n
t
o
p
o
lo
g
y
in
th
e
en
e
r
g
y
s
ec
to
r
is
th
e
m
o
d
u
lated
p
u
ls
e
wid
th
i
n
v
er
ter
(
PW
M)
an
d
th
e
s
ix
-
p
u
ls
e
d
io
d
e
r
ec
tifie
r
d
u
e
to
th
eir
lo
wer
co
s
t
an
d
ef
f
icien
cy
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
[
2
5
]
,
wh
ile
th
is
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
allo
w
s
th
e
p
o
wer
f
l
o
w
in
a
s
en
s
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
b
ac
k
-
to
-
b
ac
k
p
o
wer
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
b
ac
k
-
to
-
b
ac
k
co
n
v
er
ter
all
o
ws
a
wid
ely
u
s
ed
an
d
in
te
r
esti
n
g
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
p
o
wer
f
lo
w
in
s
o
m
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
a
d
ir
ec
t
d
esig
n
o
f
th
e
MPPT
co
n
tr
o
ller
f
o
r
PMSG
v
ar
iab
le
s
p
ee
d
win
d
tu
r
b
in
es.
I
n
th
is
,
th
e
win
d
g
en
er
ato
r
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
r
eg
ar
d
less
o
f
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
r
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
g
en
er
ato
r
.
I
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t
c
o
n
tr
o
l
alg
o
r
it
h
m
th
at
o
b
tain
s
q
u
ick
r
esp
o
n
s
es
f
o
r
th
e
co
m
p
lex
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
o
b
jectiv
e
an
d
co
n
t
r
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
e
p
ap
er
is
co
m
p
ar
i
n
g
th
e
two
t
o
p
o
lo
g
ies
o
f
f
u
zz
y
an
d
ANFI
S
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
elin
g
an
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
o
f
win
d
tu
r
b
in
es
is
d
escr
ib
e
d
.
T
h
e
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
b
ased
o
n
win
d
e
n
er
g
y
h
as
b
ee
n
f
o
llo
wed
with
g
r
e
at
atten
tio
n
as
a
v
ital
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
e
n
er
g
y
d
u
e
to
th
e
ex
h
au
s
tio
n
an
d
e
x
h
au
s
tio
n
o
f
f
o
s
s
il
f
u
el
r
eser
v
es
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
co
n
ce
r
n
s
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
ev
en
ts
d
u
e
to
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
f
o
s
s
il
f
u
els
a
n
d
n
u
clea
r
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
Al
th
o
u
g
h
win
d
en
er
g
y
is
ab
u
n
d
a
n
t,
th
e
win
d
s
p
ee
d
v
ar
ies
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
d
ay
.
T
h
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
en
er
g
y
g
en
er
ate
d
b
y
W
E
C
S
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
tr
ac
k
in
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
C
o
mp
a
r
a
tive
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f fu
z
z
y
a
n
d
A
N
F
I
S
b
a
s
ed
MPP
T c
o
n
tr
o
ller
fo
r
…
(
A
n
n
a
ma
la
i Mu
th
u
)
357
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
p
o
in
ts
d
et
ec
ted
b
y
th
e
m
a
x
im
u
m
p
o
we
r
p
o
in
t
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
(
MPPT)
o
f
th
e
W
E
C
S
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
,
r
eg
ar
d
less
o
f
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
win
d
g
e
n
er
ato
r
u
s
ed
.
T
h
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
o
f
th
e
ANFI
S
-
b
ased
co
n
v
er
ter
s
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
o
n
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e
an
d
o
n
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
,
s
i
d
e
is
an
aly
ze
d
,
a
n
aly
ze
d
b
y
s
i
m
u
latin
g
th
e
p
r
o
ject
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
MA
T
L
AB
to
o
f
f
er
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
a
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
p
o
wer
f
lo
w.
T
h
e
r
e
s
t
o
f
th
is
p
ap
e
r
is
p
r
esen
ted
as
f
o
llo
ws:
I
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
ec
tio
n
,
a
d
y
n
am
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
o
f
W
E
C
S
is
p
r
esen
ted
with
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
th
e
PMSG
-
b
ased
MPPT
d
r
iv
er
f
o
r
W
E
C
S.
T
h
e
th
ir
d
s
ec
tio
n
b
eg
in
s
with
f
u
zz
y
m
o
d
el
in
g
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
ANFI
S
co
n
tr
o
l
p
r
o
ject
is
ex
p
lain
ed
an
d
th
e
s
tab
ilit
y
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ar
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
f
o
u
r
th
s
ec
tio
n
.
W
e
co
n
clu
d
e
b
y
p
r
esen
tin
g
th
e
p
r
o
v
en
r
esu
lts
with
a
d
etailed
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
with
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
in
t
h
e
f
in
al
s
ec
tio
n
s
.
2.
M
P
P
T
CO
N
T
RO
L
M
E
T
H
O
DS F
O
R
P
M
SG
B
A
SE
D
WE
CS
T
h
e
W
E
C
S
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
er
m
an
en
t
m
ag
n
et
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
g
en
er
ato
r
(
PMFG)
is
wid
ely
u
s
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
r
esear
ch
co
n
tin
u
es
to
id
en
tify
m
o
r
e
n
ew
p
r
o
jects
th
an
k
s
t
o
it
s
h
ig
h
-
p
o
wer
d
en
s
ity
,
g
r
ea
ter
ef
f
icien
cy
,
an
d
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
s
m
aller
tu
r
b
in
e
d
iam
eter
an
d
th
e
av
aila
b
ilit
y
o
f
h
ig
h
p
er
m
a
n
en
t
m
ag
n
et
m
ater
ial
en
er
g
y
at
a
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
ly
lo
wer
p
r
ice.
Nu
m
e
r
o
u
s
r
esear
c
h
p
a
p
er
s
wer
e
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
o
n
th
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
W
E
C
S
d
o
m
ain
f
o
r
W
E
C
S
d
esig
n
,
wh
ich
is
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
t,
h
ig
h
ly
r
eliab
l
e,
lo
w
wea
r
,
lo
w
n
o
is
e,
co
m
p
ac
t
,
an
d
with
lo
w
er
m
ain
ten
an
ce
co
s
ts
.
Mo
s
t
o
f
th
e
th
r
ee
s
ettin
g
s
f
o
r
W
E
C
S
ar
e
u
s
ed
w
ith
PMS
G
m
ac
h
in
es
to
co
n
v
er
t
v
a
r
iab
le
v
o
ltag
e
p
o
wer
an
d
v
a
r
iab
le
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
p
o
wer
in
to
a
f
ix
e
d
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
an
d
a
f
ix
ed
v
o
ltag
e
p
o
wer
.
Dep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
a
p
ar
t
icu
lar
PM
SG W
MS
with
a
s
u
itab
le
MPPT
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
d
esig
n
ed
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
f
o
r
y
o
u
r
c
o
n
tr
o
l.
T
h
r
ee
m
eth
o
d
s
o
f
th
e
MPPT
d
r
iv
e
r
alg
o
r
ith
m
ar
e
g
e
n
er
ally
u
s
ed
f
o
r
W
MS
PMSG.
3.
F
UZ
Z
Y
B
AS
E
D
M
P
P
T
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
t
r
o
ller
h
as b
ee
n
a
p
p
lied
f
o
r
MP
PT
b
y
PMSG a
n
d
h
as
b
ee
n
s
i
m
u
lated
in
v
ar
io
u
s
o
p
e
r
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
s
u
ch
as
win
d
s
p
ee
d
at
5
m
/
s
,
7
m
/s
,
9
m
/s
,
1
1
m
/s
,
an
d
1
2
m
/
s
.
Af
ter
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
,
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
r
esu
lts
ar
e
an
aly
ze
d
to
an
aly
ze
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
l
o
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
h
as
b
ee
n
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
MPPT
co
n
tr
o
ller
f
o
r
w
in
d
e
n
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
as
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
W
E
S
is
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
in
MA
T
L
AB
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
t
a
n
d
an
al
y
ze
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
u
n
d
er
v
ar
io
u
s
wea
th
er
co
n
d
itio
n
.
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
MPPT
b
ased
W
E
S
m
ax
im
u
m
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
wer
an
d
tim
e
tak
e
to
r
esear
ch
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
ar
e
d
ep
icted
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
b
u
ck
c
o
n
v
er
ter
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
wav
ef
o
r
m
a
r
e
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
W
in
d
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
R
MS
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
c
u
r
r
en
t a
s
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4.
Fig
u
r
e
1.
Fu
zz
y
b
ased
m
p
p
t c
o
n
tr
o
ller
f
o
r
wes
with
b
u
c
k
co
n
v
er
ter
f
o
r
2
5
0
watts win
d
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J
Ap
p
l
Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
3
5
5
–
363
358
I
n
th
is
wav
ef
o
r
m
,
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
h
as
b
ee
n
m
ain
tain
ed
as
a
co
n
s
tan
t
o
u
tp
u
t
d
u
r
in
g
u
n
e
q
u
al
p
o
wer
g
en
er
atio
n
o
f
w
in
d
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
.
I
n
th
is
wav
ef
o
r
m
,
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
was
m
ain
tain
ed
as
a
co
n
s
tan
t
o
u
tp
u
t
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
ir
r
eg
u
lar
g
en
er
atio
n
o
f
en
er
g
y
f
r
o
m
th
e
win
d
s
y
s
tem
.
Dr
awb
ac
k
s
an
d
lim
itatio
n
s
o
f
f
u
zz
y
b
ased
MPPT
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
ar
e
s
o
r
ted
o
u
t
b
y
t
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
th
e
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
an
d
f
u
zz
y
s
y
s
tem
s
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
o
f
th
e
co
n
t
r
o
ller
s
.
Neu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
n
eu
r
o
n
-
b
a
s
ed
co
n
ce
p
ts
ar
e
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
ated
in
to
f
u
zz
y
s
y
s
tem
s
wh
ich
ca
n
ac
q
u
ir
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
r
elev
an
t
to
th
e
s
y
s
tem
au
to
m
atica
lly
b
y
ex
ec
u
tin
g
th
e
lear
n
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
f
o
r
th
e
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
Ad
ap
tiv
e
n
eu
r
o
-
f
u
zz
y
in
f
er
en
ce
s
y
s
tem
(
ANFI
S),
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
a
m
ap
p
in
g
o
f
in
p
u
t
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t
in
th
e
f
u
zz
y
r
u
les
f
o
r
m
b
ased
o
n
h
u
m
an
k
n
o
wled
g
e
a
n
d
o
n
g
en
er
ate
d
in
p
u
t
o
u
tp
u
t
d
ata
p
air
s
b
y
u
s
in
g
a
h
y
b
r
i
d
alg
o
r
ith
m
th
at
is
th
e
c
o
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
th
e
least
-
s
q
u
ar
e
s
an
d
b
ac
k
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
g
r
ad
ie
n
t d
escen
t m
eth
o
d
.
Fig
u
r
e
2.
Fu
zz
y
b
ased
M
PP
T
co
n
tr
o
ller
tim
e
tak
e
n
to
r
ea
ch
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
Fig
u
r
e
3.
B
u
ck
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
O/P r
eg
u
lated
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
wav
ef
o
r
m
(
f
u
zz
y
)
Fig
u
r
e
4.
W
E
S R
MS
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
c
u
r
r
en
t w
av
ef
o
r
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
C
o
mp
a
r
a
tive
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f fu
z
z
y
a
n
d
A
N
F
I
S
b
a
s
ed
MPP
T c
o
n
tr
o
ller
fo
r
…
(
A
n
n
a
ma
la
i Mu
th
u
)
359
4.
ANF
I
S B
AS
E
D
M
P
P
T
Her
e
we
p
r
esen
t
win
d
s
p
ee
d
esti
m
atio
n
u
s
in
g
ANFI
S
co
n
ce
p
ts
.
ANFI
S
is
r
eg
u
lar
ly
tr
ain
ed
u
s
in
g
least
s
q
u
ar
es
in
f
er
en
ce
an
d
th
e
in
v
er
s
e
p
r
o
p
a
g
atio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
ws
th
e
ANFI
S
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
with
two
in
p
u
ts
an
d
o
n
e
o
u
tp
u
t.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
d
esig
n
e
d
m
o
d
el,
th
e
ANFI
S
n
etwo
r
k
co
u
ld
m
ak
e
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
to
esti
m
ate
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
win
d
s
p
ee
d
to
b
e
ac
h
iev
e
d
b
ased
o
n
th
e
i
n
p
u
t/o
u
tp
u
t
d
ata
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
tr
ain
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
ANFI
S
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
d
esig
n
e
d
f
o
r
th
e
MPPT
co
n
tr
o
ller
f
o
r
th
e
win
d
s
y
s
tem
,
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ANFI
S
MPPT
co
n
t
r
o
ller
h
as
two
tr
ian
g
u
lar
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
at
th
e
in
p
u
t,
s
u
ch
as
a
W
E
S
v
o
ltag
e
in
p
u
t
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
cu
r
r
en
t
r
eg
is
ter
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
f
u
zz
y
co
n
tr
o
l
is
th
e
tr
ia
n
g
u
lar
m
em
b
er
s
h
i
p
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
d
u
t
y
cy
cle.
T
h
e
ANFI
S
-
b
ased
MPPT
co
n
tr
o
ller
r
ef
er
en
ce
m
o
d
el
is
d
ev
elo
p
ed
u
s
in
g
ANFI
S.
Fig
u
r
e
5.
Stru
ctu
r
e
o
f
ANFI
S c
o
n
tr
o
ller
Fig
u
r
e
6.
ANFI
S
b
ased
MPPT
co
n
tr
o
ller
f
o
r
W
E
S with
b
u
c
k
co
n
v
er
te
r
f
o
r
2
5
0
watts win
d
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
5.
RE
SU
L
T
AND
DI
SCUS
SI
O
N
F
O
R
ANF
I
S B
A
SE
D
M
P
P
T
CO
NT
RO
L
L
E
R
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ANFI
S
co
n
tr
o
ller
h
as
b
ee
n
a
p
p
lied
f
o
r
MPPT
o
f
PMSG
an
d
s
im
u
lated
u
n
d
er
v
ar
io
u
s
o
p
er
atin
g
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
u
ch
as
win
d
s
p
ee
d
at
5
m
/s
,
7
m
/s
,
9
m
/s
,
1
1
m
/s
,
an
d
1
2
m
/s
.
T
h
e
af
ter
s
im
u
latio
n
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
r
esu
lts
ar
e
tak
e
n
f
o
r
an
aly
s
is
th
eir
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
u
ch
as
w
in
d
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
R
MS
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
c
u
r
r
e
n
t a
s
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
2
5
0
watts W
E
S o
u
t
p
u
t p
o
wer
h
as b
ee
n
a
n
aly
ze
d
u
n
d
er
win
d
s
p
ee
d
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
ANFI
S c
o
n
tr
o
l stru
ctu
r
e
an
d
s
y
s
tem
-
tr
ai
n
in
g
s
ettin
g
s
ar
e
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
T
h
e
ANFI
S
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
o
u
t
p
u
t
o
f
tr
ain
in
g
an
d
ANFI
S
r
u
les
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
ANFI
S
co
n
tr
o
ller
h
as
b
ee
n
s
im
u
lated
w
i
n
d
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
ar
d
win
d
s
p
ee
d
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
11
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
.
T
h
e
ANFI
S
co
n
tr
o
ller
h
as
g
en
er
ated
d
u
ty
c
y
cle
with
r
e
s
p
ec
ted
to
ch
a
n
g
e
o
f
win
d
s
p
ee
d
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
.
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
MPPT
b
ased
W
E
S
m
ax
im
u
m
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
wer
at
v
ar
io
u
s
win
d
s
p
ee
d
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
4
.
Fin
ally
,
t
h
e
b
u
c
k
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
cu
r
r
e
n
t
wav
ef
o
r
m
ar
e
p
r
esen
t
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
5
.
I
n
th
is
wav
ef
o
r
m
,
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
h
as
b
ee
n
m
ain
tain
e
d
as
a
co
n
s
tan
t
o
u
tp
u
t
d
u
r
in
g
u
n
e
q
u
al
p
o
wer
g
en
e
r
atio
n
o
f
w
in
d
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
an
d
ANFI
S
co
n
tr
o
ller
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
an
aly
s
is
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
u
n
d
e
r
v
ar
io
u
s
win
d
s
p
ee
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
2
5
0
w
atts
W
E
S
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
.
B
ased
o
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
th
e
ANFI
S
co
n
tr
o
ller
h
as b
ee
n
ch
o
s
en
o
p
tim
u
m
co
n
tr
o
ller
f
o
r
MPPT
o
f
W
E
S sy
s
tem
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J
Ap
p
l
Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
3
5
5
–
363
360
Fig
u
r
e
7.
ANFI
S M
PP
T
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
Fig
u
r
e
8.
ANFI
S c
o
n
tr
o
l sy
s
tem
tr
ain
in
g
Fig
u
r
e
9.
ANFI
S c
o
n
tr
o
l sy
s
tem
o
u
tp
u
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
C
o
mp
a
r
a
tive
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f fu
z
z
y
a
n
d
A
N
F
I
S
b
a
s
ed
MPP
T c
o
n
tr
o
ller
fo
r
…
(
A
n
n
a
ma
la
i Mu
th
u
)
361
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
ANFI
S c
o
n
tr
o
l sy
s
tem
r
u
les
Fig
u
r
e
11.
Sp
ee
d
an
d
d
u
ty
cy
c
le
win
d
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
u
n
d
er
s
t
an
d
ar
d
w
in
d
1
2
m
/s
Fig
u
r
e
12.
ANFI
S b
ased
MPPT
o
f
w
in
d
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
ar
d
w
in
d
1
2
m
/s
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
.
Sp
ee
d
an
d
d
u
ty
cy
c
le
f
o
r
win
d
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
u
n
d
er
v
ar
io
u
s
w
in
d
s
p
ee
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J
Ap
p
l
Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
3
5
5
–
363
362
Fig
u
r
e
14.
ANFI
S b
ased
MPPT
o
f
w
in
d
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
u
n
d
er
v
ar
io
u
s
w
in
d
s
p
ee
d
Fig
u
r
e
1
5
.
B
u
ck
co
n
v
er
ter
O/
P r
eg
u
lated
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
cu
r
r
e
n
t w
av
ef
o
r
m
(
ANFI
S)
T
ab
le
1
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
f
u
zz
y
an
d
ANFI
S r
esu
lts
f
o
r
2
5
0
w
a
tts
w
in
d
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
S
.
N
o
W
i
n
d
S
p
e
e
d
F
u
z
z
y
A
N
F
I
S
1
5
m
/
s
9
5
.
6
W
9
5
.
7
5
W
2
7
m
/
s
1
4
3
.
5
W
1
4
4
.
8
W
3
9
m
/
s
1
8
4
.
6
W
1
8
5
.
6
W
4
1
1
m/
s
2
2
4
W
2
2
6
W
5
1
2
m/
s
2
4
3
.
5
W
2
4
8
.
9
W
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
A
win
d
s
p
ee
d
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
was
p
r
esen
ted
u
s
in
g
th
e
ANFI
S
b
ased
MPPT
co
n
tr
o
ller
f
o
r
W
E
C
S
b
ased
o
n
v
ar
iab
le
s
p
ee
d
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
with
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
d
if
f
u
s
e
b
ased
MPPT
co
n
t
r
o
ller
f
o
r
a
2
5
0
watt
win
d
g
en
er
ato
r
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
l
atio
n
-
b
ased
tab
u
lated
v
al
u
es
s
h
o
w
th
at
ANFI
S
-
b
ased
W
E
C
S
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
m
o
r
e
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
tly
th
a
n
f
u
zz
y
-
b
ased
W
E
C
S
MPPT
co
n
tr
o
l
ler
d
o
es.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ANFI
S
-
b
ased
m
eth
o
d
is
an
aly
ze
d
o
n
a
W
E
C
S v
ar
iab
le
s
p
ee
d
DFEC c
o
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
with
a
b
ac
k
u
p
-
to
-
b
ac
k
u
p
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
ANFI
S
-
b
ased
MPPT
d
r
iv
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
th
i
s
p
ap
er
is
v
er
i
f
ied
an
d
ap
p
licab
le
to
all
ty
p
es
o
f
W
E
C
S.
As
an
en
d
less
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
to
cr
ea
te
s
ch
e
m
es
b
ase
d
o
n
MPPT
co
n
v
er
ter
s
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
t
h
e
win
d
g
en
er
ato
r
to
m
a
x
im
ize
en
er
g
y
g
en
e
r
atio
n
,
th
e
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
b
ased
o
n
ANFI
S
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
d
th
e
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
s
is
v
er
if
ied
b
y
d
esig
n
i
n
g
a
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
e
f
f
icien
t
P
MFG
W
E
C
S
in
th
e
MA
T
L
AB
an
d
ANFI
S c
o
n
tr
o
ller
it is
ad
o
p
ted
with
th
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
an
d
p
r
o
v
e
n
s
im
u
lated
r
esu
lt
s
p
r
esen
ted
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
E.
Ha
u
,
W
in
d
t
u
rb
i
n
e
s: f
u
n
d
a
me
n
ta
ls,
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
,
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
e
c
o
n
o
mic
s
,
S
p
ri
n
g
e
r
Ve
rlag
,
2
0
0
6
.
[2
]
M
.
S
ti
e
b
ler,
W
in
d
e
n
e
rg
y
sy
ste
ms
fo
r e
lec
tric p
o
we
r g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
S
p
r
in
g
e
r
Ve
rlag
,
2
0
0
8
.
[3
]
M
.
Da
li
,
J.
Be
l
h
a
d
j,
a
n
d
X.
Ro
b
o
a
m
,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
a
sta
n
d
-
a
lo
n
e
h
y
b
ri
d
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
-
Wi
n
d
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
n
g
sy
ste
m
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l
.
4
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
5
,
2
0
0
8
.
[4
]
R.
M
it
tal,
K.
S
a
n
d
u
,
a
n
d
D.
Ja
i
n
,
“
Iso
late
d
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
v
a
riab
le
sp
e
e
d
d
riv
e
n
p
m
sg
fo
r
wi
n
d
e
n
e
rg
y
c
o
n
v
e
rsio
n
sy
ste
m
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l.
1
,
p
p
.
2
6
9
–
2
7
3
,
2
0
0
9
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
C
o
mp
a
r
a
tive
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f fu
z
z
y
a
n
d
A
N
F
I
S
b
a
s
ed
MPP
T c
o
n
tr
o
ller
fo
r
…
(
A
n
n
a
ma
la
i Mu
th
u
)
363
[5
]
“
Ti
m
e
fo
r
a
c
ti
o
n
:
Wi
n
d
e
n
e
r
g
y
in
Eu
ro
p
e
,
”
E
u
ro
p
e
a
n
Wi
n
d
En
e
rg
y
As
so
c
iatio
n
,
Ro
m
e
,
Italy
,
Oc
t.
1
9
9
1
.
[6
]
H.
Le
-
Hu
y
,
P
.
Via
ro
u
g
e
,
a
n
d
J.
Dic
k
in
so
n
,
“
Ap
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
o
f
p
o
we
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
in
win
d
m
il
l
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s,”
in
ENE
RGEX
’8
2
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
En
e
r
g
y
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
Re
g
in
a
,
Ca
n
a
d
a
,
1
9
8
2
,
p
p
.
1
0
8
0
–
1
0
8
8
.
[7
]
T.
A.
Li
p
o
,
“
Va
riab
le
sp
e
e
d
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
o
p
t
io
n
s
fo
r
win
d
t
u
rb
in
e
g
e
n
e
ra
to
rs,”
NA
S
A
W
o
rk
sh
o
p
,
Clev
e
lan
d
,
OH
,
M
a
y
1
9
8
4
.
[8
]
H.
M
.
Ng
u
y
e
n
a
n
d
D.
S
.
Na
i
d
u
,
"
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
d
c
o
n
tro
l
stra
teg
ies
fo
r
win
d
e
n
e
rg
y
s
y
ste
m
s:
An
o
v
e
rv
iew
,
"
2
0
1
1
IEE
E/
PE
S
P
o
we
r S
y
ste
ms
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
Exp
o
si
ti
o
n
,
2
0
1
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/P
S
CE.
2
0
1
1
.
5
7
7
2
5
1
4
.
[9
]
M
.
M
a
n
so
u
r,
M
.
N.
M
a
n
so
u
ri,
a
n
d
M
.
F
.
M
m
ımo
u
n
i,
“
S
tu
d
y
a
n
d
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
a
v
a
riab
le
-
sp
e
e
d
win
d
-
e
n
e
rg
y
sy
ste
m
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
to
t
h
e
g
r
id
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ren
e
wa
b
le
En
e
r
g
y
Res
e
a
rc
h
(IJ
R
ER)
,
v
o
l.
1
,
n
o
2
,
p
p
.
9
6
-
1
0
4
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
0
]
M
.
Ke
sra
o
u
i,
N.
Ko
rich
i
,
a
n
d
A
.
Be
lk
a
d
i,
“
M
a
x
imu
m
p
o
we
r
p
o
i
n
t
trac
k
e
r
o
f
win
d
e
n
e
rg
y
c
o
n
v
e
rsio
n
sy
ste
m
,
”
Ren
e
wa
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
3
6
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
2
6
5
5
-
2
6
6
2
,
2
0
1
1
.
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
re
n
e
n
e
.
2
0
1
0
.
0
4
.
0
2
8
.
[1
1
]
H.
Li
,
M
.
S
teu
re
r,
K.
L
.
S
h
i
,
S
.
Wo
o
d
r
u
ff,
a
n
d
D.
Zh
a
n
g
,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
u
n
ifi
e
d
d
e
sig
n
,
te
st,
a
n
d
re
se
a
rc
h
p
latfo
rm
fo
r
wi
n
d
e
n
e
r
g
y
sy
ste
m
s
b
a
se
d
o
n
h
a
r
d
wa
re
-
in
-
th
e
-
l
o
o
p
re
a
l
ti
m
e
sim
u
latio
n
,
”
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
s.
o
n
I
n
d
u
stria
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
5
3
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
3
6
0
4
-
3
6
0
8
,
d
o
i:
2
0
0
6
.
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TIE
.
2
0
0
6
.
8
7
8
3
1
9
.
[1
2
]
A.
M
e
h
a
rra
r,
M
.
Ti
o
u
rsi,
M
.
H
a
tt
i,
a
n
d
A.
B.
S
tam
b
o
u
li
,
“
A
v
a
riab
le
sp
e
e
d
win
d
g
e
n
e
ra
t
o
r
m
a
x
imu
m
p
o
we
r
trac
k
in
g
b
a
se
d
o
n
a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
n
e
u
r
o
-
fu
z
z
y
i
n
fe
re
n
c
e
sy
ste
m
,
”
Exp
e
rt
S
y
ste
ms
wit
h
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
3
8
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
7
6
5
9
-
7
6
6
4
,
2
0
1
1
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
e
sw
a
.
2
0
1
0
.
1
2
.
1
6
3
.
[1
3
]
M
.
G
.
S
imo
e
s,
B.
K.
Bo
se
,
a
n
d
R.
J.
S
p
ieg
e
l,
"
F
u
z
z
y
l
o
g
ic
b
a
s
e
d
in
telli
g
e
n
t
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
a
v
a
riab
le
sp
e
e
d
c
a
g
e
m
a
c
h
in
e
win
d
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
,
"
Pro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
PE
S
C
'9
5
-
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
S
p
e
c
ia
li
st
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
1
9
9
5
,
p
p
.
389
-
3
9
5
v
o
l
.
1
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/P
ES
C.
1
9
9
5
.
4
7
4
8
4
0
.
[1
4
]
B.
Ba
h
ra
m
in
e
jad
,
M
.
R.
Ira
n
p
o
u
r
,
a
n
d
E
.
E
sfa
n
d
iari,
“
P
it
c
h
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
win
d
t
u
rb
i
n
e
s
u
si
n
g
IT
2
F
L
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
r
v
e
rsu
s
T1
F
L
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
r
,
”
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Re
n
e
wa
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
Res
e
a
rc
h
(IJ
RE
R)
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
4
,
p
p
.
1
0
7
7
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
5
]
Q.
Ch
e
n
,
L
.
Ch
e
n
,
a
n
d
L.
Wa
n
g
,
"
W
in
d
e
n
e
rg
y
c
o
n
v
e
rsio
n
sy
s
tem
s
u
sin
g
f
u
z
z
y
slid
i
n
g
m
o
d
e
c
o
n
tro
l,
"
2
0
1
1
Ch
in
e
se
Co
n
tro
l
a
n
d
De
c
isio
n
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(CCDC)
,
2
0
1
1
,
p
p
.
1
0
1
1
-
1
0
1
5
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/CCDC.
2
0
1
1
.
5
9
6
8
3
3
2
.
[1
6
]
F
.
Va
len
c
iag
a
a
n
d
P
.
F
.
P
u
les
to
n
,
"
Hig
h
-
Or
d
e
r
S
li
d
in
g
Co
n
tro
l
f
o
r
a
Wi
n
d
E
n
e
rg
y
C
o
n
v
e
rsio
n
S
y
st
e
m
Ba
se
d
o
n
a
P
e
rm
a
n
e
n
t
M
a
g
n
e
t
S
y
n
c
h
ro
n
o
u
s
G
e
n
e
r
a
to
r,
"
in
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
E
n
e
rg
y
C
o
n
v
e
rs
io
n
,
v
o
l
.
2
3
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
8
6
0
-
8
6
7
,
S
e
p
t.
2
0
0
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/T
E
C.
2
0
0
8
.
9
2
2
0
1
3
.
[1
7
]
D.
H.
Lee
,
J.
B.
P
a
rk
,
a
n
d
Y.
H.
J
o
o
,
"
A
n
e
w
fu
z
z
y
ly
a
p
u
n
o
v
f
u
n
c
t
io
n
f
o
r
re
lax
e
d
sta
b
il
it
y
c
o
n
d
it
io
n
o
f
c
o
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
-
ti
m
e
tak
a
g
i
–
su
g
e
n
o
fu
z
z
y
s
y
ste
m
s
,
"
in
IE
EE
T
r
a
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
F
u
zz
y
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
1
9
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
7
8
5
-
7
9
1
,
Au
g
.
2
0
1
1
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TF
UZZ.
2
0
1
1
.
2
1
4
2
3
1
5
.
[1
8
]
C.
S
.
C
h
iu
,
Z.
H.
Li
,
a
n
d
Y.
H.
C
h
e
n
,
“
T
-
S
fu
z
z
y
d
irec
t
m
a
x
imu
m
p
o
we
r
p
o
in
t
trac
k
i
n
g
o
f
win
d
e
n
e
rg
y
c
o
n
v
e
rsi
o
n
sy
ste
m
s
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Fu
zz
y
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
1
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
3
.
[1
9
]
A.
H.
Be
sh
e
e
r,
H.
M
.
Ema
ra
,
a
n
d
M
.
M
.
Ab
d
e
l
_
Az
iz,
“
F
u
z
z
y
b
a
se
d
o
u
tp
u
t
fe
e
d
b
a
c
k
c
o
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
win
d
e
n
e
rg
y
c
o
n
v
e
rsio
n
s
y
ste
m
:
a
n
LM
I
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
,
”
Pro
c
.
o
f
IEE
E
P
o
we
r
S
y
st
e
ms
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
Exp
o
siti
o
n
,
2
0
0
6
,
p
p
.
2
0
3
0
-
2
0
3
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
P
S
CE.
2
0
0
6
.
2
9
6
2
3
7
.
[2
0
]
M
.
Ve
n
k
a
tes
h
k
u
m
a
r,
“
P
o
we
r
F
l
o
w
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
Co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
Hy
b
rid
Wi
n
d
/P
V/F
u
e
l
Ce
ll
a
n
d
Ba
tt
e
ry
P
o
we
r
S
y
ste
m
u
sin
g
I
n
telli
g
e
n
t
C
o
n
tr
o
l,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
C
o
n
tr
o
l
T
h
e
o
ry
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
c
a
t
io
n
,
v
o
l
9
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
9
8
7
-
9
9
5
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
1
]
M
.
Ve
n
k
a
tes
h
k
u
m
a
r,
“
Ba
tt
e
ry
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
S
y
ste
m
f
o
r
Hy
b
ri
d
P
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
a
n
d
Wi
n
d
P
o
we
r
S
y
ste
m
u
s
in
g
F
u
z
z
y
Lo
g
ic C
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
r,
”
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
C
o
n
tr
o
l
T
h
e
o
ry
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l
9
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
0
3
5
-
1
0
4
1
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
2
]
M
.
Da
h
m
a
n
e
,
J.
Bo
sc
h
e
,
a
n
d
A.
El
-
Ha
jj
a
ji
,
“
Co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
Wi
n
d
Co
n
v
e
rsio
n
S
y
ste
m
Us
e
d
in
Au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
S
y
ste
m
,
”
En
e
rg
y
Pro
c
e
d
i
a
,
v
o
l
.
6
2
,
p
p
.
4
82
-
4
9
1
,
2
0
1
4
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
e
g
y
p
r
o
.
2
0
1
4
.
1
2
.
4
1
0
.
[2
3
]
A.
Bo
y
e
tt
e
,
“
C
o
n
tr
ô
le
-
c
o
m
m
a
n
d
e
d
'
u
n
g
é
n
é
ra
teu
r
a
sy
n
c
h
r
o
n
e
à
d
o
u
b
le
a
li
m
e
n
tatio
n
a
v
e
c
sy
stè
m
e
d
e
sto
c
k
a
g
e
p
o
u
r
la p
ro
d
u
c
ti
o
n
é
o
li
e
n
n
e
,
”
Do
c
to
ra
l
d
isse
rtatio
n
,
Un
i
v
e
rsité He
n
ri
P
o
i
n
c
a
ré
-
Na
n
c
y
1
,
F
ra
n
c
e
,
2
0
0
6
.
[2
4
]
L.
Kric
h
e
n
,
B.
F
ra
n
c
o
is,
a
n
d
A.
Ou
a
li
,
“
A
fu
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
su
p
e
rv
iso
r
fo
r
a
c
ti
v
e
a
n
d
re
a
c
ti
v
e
p
o
we
r
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
a
fix
e
d
sp
e
e
d
win
d
e
n
e
rg
y
c
o
n
v
e
rsio
n
s
y
ste
m
,
”
El
e
c
tric
Po
we
r
S
y
ste
ms
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l
.
7
8
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
4
1
8
-
4
2
4
,
2
0
0
8
.
d
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