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Vo
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7
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Dec
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2
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1
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1
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ca
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3
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2
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[
5
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7
]
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p
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w
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tatic
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ield
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et
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ath
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o
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lt
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p
ac
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v
e
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
[
8
-
9
]
.
W
h
e
n
an
i
s
o
lated
s
i
n
g
le
co
n
d
u
cto
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b
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r
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alter
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atin
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en
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a
n
alter
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at
in
g
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
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g
e
n
er
ated
ar
o
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it.
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h
en
t
h
e
s
h
ea
t
h
s
o
f
s
in
g
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les
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it.
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h
is
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in
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d
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ed
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ce
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le
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p
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it
y
.
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h
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s
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ea
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f
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ca
b
le
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y
:
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f
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sh
sh
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sh
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)
(
)
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(
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8792
IJ
A
P
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
2
2
7
–
234
230
W
h
er
e,
d
is
t
h
e
d
is
tan
ce
b
et
w
e
en
co
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
ca
b
le,
r
is
t
h
e
r
a
d
iu
s
o
f
t
h
e
ca
b
le.
Hen
ce
,
to
tal
lo
s
s
o
f
th
e
AC
s
u
b
m
ar
in
e
ca
b
le
is
g
i
v
en
b
y
t
h
e
s
u
m
o
f
Dielec
tr
ic
lo
s
s
,
C
u
lo
s
s
an
d
s
h
ea
t
h
lo
s
s
.
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h
e
Stein
m
etz
eq
u
atio
n
i
s
t
h
e
class
ical
m
et
h
o
d
to
ca
lcu
late
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
co
r
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lo
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s
w
h
ic
h
is
g
iv
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n
b
y
m
n
n
c
NB
f
V
A
2
(
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)
pk
w
c
ct
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f
k
A
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P
(
1
0
)
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er
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c
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tr
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er
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is
th
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n
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m
b
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tu
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m
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is
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l
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x
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en
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it
y
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d
α
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n
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β
ar
e
co
n
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ta
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t
w
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al
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e
d
ep
en
d
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o
n
th
e
co
r
e
m
ater
ial
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
.
5.
P
RINCI
P
L
E
O
F
L
F
A
C
T
R
ANSM
I
SS
I
O
N
SY
ST
E
M
5
.
1
.
P
o
w
er
t
ra
ns
m
i
s
s
io
n t
hro
ug
h
s
ub
m
a
ri
ne
ca
ble
A
cti
v
e
p
o
w
er
tr
a
n
s
m
itti
n
g
(
p
)
o
v
er
th
e
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
li
n
es
i.e
ca
b
les
f
o
r
co
n
n
ec
ti
n
g
o
f
f
s
h
o
r
e
w
in
d
f
ar
m
s
ca
n
b
e
g
i
v
e
n
b
y
X
V
V
P
R
S
s
i
n
(
1
1
)
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h
er
e,
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V
a
n
d
R
V
ar
e
th
e
s
e
n
d
in
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d
v
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p
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tiv
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y
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is
lin
e
r
ea
ctan
ce
,
a
n
d
is
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
a
n
g
le.
T
h
e
ab
o
v
e
eq
u
atio
n
i
s
v
al
id
w
h
e
n
t
h
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c
ab
le
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s
h
o
r
t
in
le
n
g
th
t
h
at
n
e
g
lects
th
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
th
e
li
n
e
an
g
le
[
1
0
-
1
4
]
.
Fro
m
E
q
u
atio
n
(
1
1
)
,
it
is
clea
r
th
at
th
e
p
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w
er
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
v
o
ltag
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s
an
d
r
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ctan
ce
o
f
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
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lin
e.
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m
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g
r
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s
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io
n
ca
b
le.
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ith
f
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en
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d
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l
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y
to
i
m
p
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s
m
is
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ab
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s
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y
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e
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n
ce
,
w
h
ich
d
o
m
i
n
ates
t
h
e
li
n
e
i
m
p
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ce
,
o
f
th
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ca
b
le
th
r
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u
g
h
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ed
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ci
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g
th
e
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p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
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e
n
c
y
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f
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n
2
(
1
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is
t
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to
tal
in
d
u
ct
an
ce
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v
er
th
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ca
b
le,
d
ec
r
ea
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in
g
t
h
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elec
tr
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it
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f
r
eq
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en
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y
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p
r
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tio
n
ally
in
cr
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s
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tr
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s
m
i
s
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io
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ca
p
ab
ili
t
y
.
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h
e
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y
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te
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b
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ed
o
n
t
h
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ce
p
t
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s
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l
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to
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u
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s
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lta
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tab
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y
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2
100
%
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QX
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(
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er
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is
th
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lta
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r
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b
le,
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is
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in
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s
t
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d
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t
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ca
b
le
is
p
r
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p
o
r
tio
n
all
y
r
ed
u
ce
d
[
1
5
-
16
].
5
.
2
.
F
re
qu
ency
ra
ng
e
T
h
e
Op
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
L
F
A
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s
y
s
te
m
d
ep
en
d
s
m
ai
n
l
y
o
n
t
w
o
f
ac
to
r
s
:
th
e
f
ir
s
t
o
n
e
i
s
th
e
s
p
ac
e
ch
ar
g
e
ac
c
u
m
u
latio
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i
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t
h
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c
ab
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d
t
h
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s
ec
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n
d
o
n
e
is
th
e
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ar
m
o
n
ic
s
g
en
er
ated
b
y
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h
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lin
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m
m
u
tated
3
p
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ase
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y
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lo
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co
n
v
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ter
.
T
h
e
f
r
eq
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en
c
y
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f
t
h
e
L
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s
y
s
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m
s
h
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ld
b
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s
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lo
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eq
u
en
c
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to
r
ed
u
ce
h
ar
m
o
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ic
s
[
1
3
]
.
Feasib
le
O
p
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f
r
eq
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en
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f
(
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n
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7
Hz
f
r
eq
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en
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s
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n
to
s
t
u
d
y
t
h
e
L
F
AC
s
y
s
te
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
A
P
E
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8792
A
N
ew F
r
eq
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r
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h
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(
K
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ti S
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ila
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231
5
.
3
.
Co
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pa
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to
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les
[
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.
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Fig
u
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h
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ate
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k
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r
ities
o
f
SNI
ST
,
Hy
d
er
ab
ad
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d
An
n
a
m
ala
i
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i
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it
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,
T
am
i
ln
ad
u
f
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th
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f
ac
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ies p
r
o
v
id
ed
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
t
h
is
r
esear
c
h
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
S
.
Bo
z
h
k
o
,
G
.
A
sh
e
r,
R.
L
i,
J.
Clare
a
n
d
L
.
Ya
o
,
"
L
a
rg
e
O
ff
sh
o
re
DFIG
-
Ba
se
d
W
in
d
F
a
rm
W
it
h
L
i
n
e
-
Co
m
m
u
tate
d
HV
DC
Co
n
n
e
c
ti
o
n
t
o
th
e
M
a
in
G
rid
:
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
S
tu
d
ies
,
"
in
IE
EE
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
En
e
rg
y
Co
n
v
e
rs
io
n
,
v
o
l.
2
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
1
9
-
1
2
7
,
M
a
rc
h
2
0
0
8
.
[2
]
O.
G
o
m
is
-
B
e
ll
m
u
n
t,
J.
L
ian
g
,
J.
Ek
a
n
a
y
a
k
e
,
R.
Kin
g
,
N.
Je
n
k
i
n
s.
"
T
o
p
o
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o
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ies
o
f
m
u
lt
it
e
rm
in
a
l
H
V
DC
-
V
S
C
tran
sm
issio
n
f
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r
larg
e
o
ff
sh
o
re
w
in
d
f
a
r
m
s,
"
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e
c
tric
Po
we
r
S
y
s
tem
s
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
8
1
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.
2
,
p
p
.
2
7
1
–
2
8
1
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
1
1
.
[3
]
W
a
n
g
X
if
a
n
,
Ca
o
Ch
e
n
g
ju
n
a
n
d
Zh
o
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Zh
ich
a
o
,
"
Ex
p
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ri
m
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t
o
n
f
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a
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ti
o
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a
l
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
tran
s
m
is
sio
n
sy
ste
m
,
"
in
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Po
we
r
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
2
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
7
2
-
3
7
7
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
0
6
.
[4
]
N.
Qin
,
S
.
Yo
u
,
Z.
X
u
a
n
d
V
.
A
k
h
m
a
to
v
,
"
O
ff
sh
o
re
w
in
d
f
a
r
m
c
o
n
n
e
c
ti
o
n
w
it
h
lo
w
f
re
q
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e
n
c
y
AC
tran
sm
issio
n
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
"
2
0
0
9
IEE
E
Po
we
r
&
En
e
rg
y
S
o
c
iety
Ge
n
e
ra
l
M
e
e
ti
n
g
,
Ca
lg
a
ry
,
A
B,
2
0
0
9
,
p
p
.
1
-
8.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2252
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IJ
A
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Vo
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7
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.
3
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er
2
0
1
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:
2
2
7
–
234
234
[5
]
F
u
n
a
k
i.
T
,
M
a
tsu
u
ra
,
"
Ba
sic
c
o
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p
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o
f
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q
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A
C
tran
sm
is
sio
n
,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
fer
e
n
c
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o
f
El
e
c
trica
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En
g
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g
(
ICEE
9
9
)
,
H
o
n
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k
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v
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l.
1
1
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p
p
.
17
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2
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u
g
1
9
8
0.
[6
]
T
.
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u
n
a
k
i
a
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d
K.
M
a
tsu
u
ra
,
"
F
e
a
sib
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it
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o
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lo
w
f
re
q
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n
c
y
AC
tran
s
m
issio
n
,
"
2
0
0
0
IEE
E
P
o
we
r
En
g
in
e
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g
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W
in
ter
M
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Pro
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0
0
CH3
7
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7
7
)
,
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6
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3
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[7
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W
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if
a
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o
Ch
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d
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o
,
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Ex
p
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f
r
a
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ti
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l
f
re
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m
,
"
in
IEE
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ste
ms
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p
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3
7
2
-
3
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b
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6
.
[8
]
J.
A
rril
lag
a
,
Hig
h
V
o
lt
a
g
e
D
irec
t
Cu
rre
n
t
T
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n
sm
issio
n
2
n
d
e
d
.
,
L
o
n
d
o
n
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:I
n
stit
u
ti
o
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o
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e
lec
tri
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a
l
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g
in
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e
rs (1
9
9
8
).
[9
]
N.
F
lo
u
re
n
tzo
u
,
V.
G
.
A
g
e
li
d
is
a
n
d
G
.
D.
De
m
e
tri
a
d
e
s,
"
V
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C
-
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se
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DC
P
o
w
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r
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n
s
m
issi
o
n
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m
s:
A
n
Ov
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rv
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e
w
,
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in
IEE
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T
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n
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Po
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r E
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,
v
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5
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2
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6
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2
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9
.
[1
0
]
P
ra
b
h
a
k
u
n
d
u
r
,
“
P
o
w
e
r
sy
ste
m
st
a
b
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it
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d
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o
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h
a
p
ter
-
1
1
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p
a
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6
5
4
t
o
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e
6
6
3
.
[1
1
]
“
HV
DC t
ra
n
sm
issio
n
f
o
r
lo
w
e
r
in
v
e
st
m
e
n
t
c
o
st”
.
h
tt
p
:/
/ww
w
.
a
b
b
.
c
o
m
.
[1
2
]
W
.
F
isc
h
e
r,
R.
Br
a
u
n
a
n
d
I.
Erl
ich
,
"
L
o
w
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
h
ig
h
v
o
lt
a
g
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o
ff
sh
o
re
g
rid
f
o
r
tran
s
m
issio
n
o
f
re
n
e
w
a
b
le
p
o
w
e
r,
"
2
0
1
2
3
rd
IEE
E
PE
S
In
n
o
v
a
ti
v
e
S
ma
rt Gri
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
E
u
ro
p
e
(
IS
GT
E
u
ro
p
e
)
,
Be
rli
n
,
2
0
1
2
,
p
p
.
1
-
6.
[1
3
]
N.
Qin
,
S
.
Yo
u
,
Z.
X
u
a
n
d
V
.
A
k
h
m
a
to
v
,
"
O
ff
sh
o
re
w
in
d
f
a
r
m
c
o
n
n
e
c
ti
o
n
w
it
h
lo
w
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
AC
tran
sm
issio
n
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
"
2
0
0
9
IEE
E
Po
we
r
&
En
e
rg
y
S
o
c
iety
Ge
n
e
ra
l
M
e
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ti
n
g
,
Ca
lg
a
ry
,
A
B,
2
0
0
9
,
p
p
.
1
-
8.
[1
4
]
M
.
M
a
n
o
h
a
ra
,
S
.
S
o
n
ia,
"
e
sig
n
o
f
lo
w
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
A
C
tran
s
m
is
sio
n
s
y
ste
m
f
o
r
o
ff
sh
o
re
w
in
d
f
a
r
m
s,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
e
me
rg
in
g
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
e
n
g
in
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e
rin
g
,
v
o
l
4
,
n
o
.
8
,
A
u
g
2
0
1
4
.
[1
5
]
Ch
a
it
a
n
y
a
Krish
n
a
Ja
m
b
o
tk
a
r,
Uttam
S
S
a
tp
u
te
,
"
S
im
u
latio
n
o
f
DC
li
n
k
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
v
e
rter
f
o
r
in
terg
a
tain
g
o
f
f
sh
o
re
w
in
d
tu
rb
n
e
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r
to
g
rid
,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
,
En
g
in
e
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g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
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lo
g
y
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
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l.
3
,
n
o
.
7
,
Ju
ly
2
0
1
4
.
[1
6
]
Os
a
m
a
El
sa
y
e
d
g
o
u
d
a
,
A
d
e
l
A
b
d
-
e
lt
w
a
b
f
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ra
g
,
"
F
a
c
to
rs
a
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ti
n
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sh
e
a
th
l
o
ss
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s
in
sin
g
le
c
o
re
u
n
d
e
rg
ro
u
n
d
p
o
w
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r
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a
b
les
w
it
h
tw
o
-
p
o
in
ts
b
o
n
d
i
n
g
m
e
th
o
d
),
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
te
r
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
ol
.
2
,
no
.
1
,
p
p
.
7
-
16
,
F
e
b
2
0
1
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.