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Sep
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b
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,
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p
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I
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207
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Th
e
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a
o
f
sm
a
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(
S
G
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tec
h
n
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lo
g
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a
s
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v
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l
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ti
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ize
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sy
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s
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m
m
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tec
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(ICT)
a
n
d
c
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c
h
n
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.
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a
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trad
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t
o
t
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sp
it
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th
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sig
n
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fica
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t
c
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ra
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teristics
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f
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se
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s
t
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m
e
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s
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lem
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latin
g
to
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a
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d
ICT
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
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y
.
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is
a
n
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ly
sis
p
a
p
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t
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e
c
h
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ll
e
n
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e
s
fa
c
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ro
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d
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ro
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o
se
s
p
o
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le
so
lu
ti
o
n
s
to
so
m
e
o
f
th
e
se
c
h
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ll
e
n
g
e
s,
t
h
u
s a
c
h
iev
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g
t
h
e
S
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g
o
a
ls an
d
p
lan
n
e
d
re
q
u
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e
n
ts.
K
ey
w
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r
d
s
:
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o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
C
o
r
e
tech
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lo
g
y
I
n
f
o
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m
atio
n
an
d
c
o
m
m
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n
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n
tech
n
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lo
g
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I
n
f
o
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m
atio
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in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
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Priv
ac
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ity
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ss
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rticle
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CC B
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li
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se
.
C
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p
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A
uth
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r
:
Sh
ag
u
f
ta
k
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Sch
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lectr
ical,
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lectr
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cs &
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m
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n
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in
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Un
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Plo
t N
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1.
I
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RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
s
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ity
o
f
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
g
i
n
n
o
v
atio
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tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
wh
ich
ar
e
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
ce
n
ter
p
ar
ts
o
f
th
e
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
(
SG
)
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
,
m
ea
n
in
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to
m
ak
e
th
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en
tire
s
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m
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th
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s
atile,
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ig
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e
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at
s
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ld
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er
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id
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m
o
r
e,
with
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x
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ix
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ap
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esp
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,
th
e
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p
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m
ak
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b
o
t
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th
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clien
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an
d
th
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g
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tili
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to
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ly
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ate
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d
s
ec
u
r
ity
is
s
u
es
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
o
p
p
o
s
itio
n
s
in
th
e
ce
n
ter
o
p
er
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n
al
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
l
ik
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s
u
p
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v
is
o
r
y
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
d
ata
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
(
SC
ADA
)
,
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
co
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tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
s
,
an
d
a
d
v
an
ce
d
m
eter
i
n
g
in
f
r
astru
ctu
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(
AM
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)
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
co
n
ce
n
tr
ated
in
d
etail
an
d
d
e
p
icted
in
ar
ea
2
.
1
o
f
th
is
p
ap
e
r
[
2
]
,
[
3
]
.
T
o
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
th
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p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
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en
tio
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f
th
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f
u
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a
m
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atio
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s
is
s
m
ar
t
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eter
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g
t
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p
s
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k
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2
-
way
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l
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c
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m
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h
r
o
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g
h
o
u
t
th
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en
tire
p
o
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g
r
id
as
co
m
p
a
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ed
to
t
h
e
tr
ad
iti
o
n
al
g
r
id
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
,
in
s
p
ite
o
f
s
u
ch
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
in
teg
r
ity
,
th
er
e
ar
e
ce
r
tain
d
r
awb
ac
k
s
an
d
ch
alle
n
g
es
in
th
e
m
eter
in
g
n
etwo
r
k
s
th
at
ar
e
s
till
u
n
d
er
d
is
cu
s
s
i
o
n
an
d
n
ee
d
to
b
e
ar
r
ested
q
u
ick
ly
.
An
attac
k
o
n
a
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
n
etwo
r
k
ca
n
p
o
t
en
tially
s
h
o
wd
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wn
o
r
s
h
u
td
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wn
th
e
en
tir
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p
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wer
g
r
id
,
an
d
h
alt
th
e
en
er
g
y
u
ti
lity
s
y
s
tem
s
.
I
t
will
also
af
f
ec
t
th
e
u
tili
ty
as
well
as
th
e
en
d
u
s
er
s
.
I
n
th
e
ac
co
m
p
an
y
in
g
s
u
b
s
ec
tio
n
,
we
ex
am
in
ed
r
ec
e
n
t
s
u
r
v
ey
p
ap
er
s
r
elate
d
to
p
o
in
ted
is
s
u
es
an
d
p
o
i
n
ted
o
u
t
th
e
d
is
tin
ctiv
e
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
o
f
o
u
r
w
o
r
k
.
SG
in
n
o
v
atio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
u
tili
ze
d
in
its
ac
tiv
ity
to
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
n
ew
d
ata
an
d
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ce
ad
v
an
ce
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
c
r
ea
tio
n
,
d
is
p
er
s
io
n
,
an
d
en
er
g
y
u
tili
za
tio
n
an
d
to
all
th
e
m
o
r
e
lik
ely
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J
Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
2
0
7
–
216
208
d
ea
l
with
th
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
b
etwe
en
v
itality
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
an
d
th
eir
en
d
clien
ts
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
co
m
m
itm
en
t
o
f
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
th
e
n
ew
d
ata
a
n
d
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ce
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
,
all
th
e
m
o
r
e
esp
ec
ially
Sm
ar
t
Gr
id
,
in
to
th
e
p
o
wer
co
n
v
ey
a
n
ce
ar
r
a
n
g
em
en
t
is
a
p
r
o
b
lem
f
o
r
k
ee
n
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
T
o
b
e
s
u
r
e,
s
m
ar
t
m
eter
s
ass
u
m
e
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
jo
b
in
th
e
ch
an
g
e
o
f
th
e
p
o
wer
d
is
s
em
in
atio
n
ar
r
an
g
e
d
in
to
k
ee
n
m
atr
ices
[
5
]
.
T
h
ey
em
p
o
wer
cu
s
to
m
er
s
to
f
o
llo
w
t
h
eir
u
tili
za
tio
n
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
to
all
th
e
m
o
r
e
lik
ely
r
ea
lize
th
ei
r
p
o
wer
ch
ar
g
es
all
th
e
m
o
r
e
p
r
ec
is
ely
[
6
]
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
SG
s
h
o
ws
u
p
as
a
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
a
n
s
wer
f
o
r
v
ital
i
ty
s
u
p
p
lier
s
an
d
th
eir
p
u
r
c
h
a
s
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s
,
th
ey
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
s
ec
u
r
ity
[
7
]
.
T
h
is
is
s
u
e
wo
r
r
ies
ab
o
u
t
th
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
o
f
t
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
tr
ad
e
d
b
etwe
en
S
mart
G
r
i
d
’
s
an
d
s
y
s
tem
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
s
in
ce
th
is
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tr
ad
ed
b
etwe
en
th
e
two
m
em
b
er
s
co
n
v
ey
to
u
c
h
y
d
ata
as
r
esp
ec
ts
th
e
a
g
e
o
f
u
tili
za
tio
n
s
o
licitatio
n
s
f
o
r
ex
p
e
n
d
ed
am
o
u
n
ts
[
8
]
,
as
a
r
esu
lt
o
f
th
eir
s
en
d
in
g
in
a
s
y
s
tem
th
at
i
s
n
'
t
g
en
er
ally
s
ec
u
r
e,
th
is
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
p
r
o
b
ab
ly
g
o
in
g
to
b
e
ca
p
t
u
r
e
d
,
co
n
tr
o
lled
an
d
ad
u
lter
ated
b
y
an
ass
ailan
t
wh
o
ca
n
ass
au
lt
th
e
co
n
d
u
ct
o
f
SG
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
s
an
d
d
eb
ilit
ate
th
eir
le
g
itima
te
wo
r
k
in
g
,
f
o
r
ex
am
p
le,
th
e
d
is
t
o
r
tio
n
o
f
v
itality
u
tili
za
tio
n
b
il
ls
[
9
]
.
Ou
r
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
is
a
c
o
n
tr
i
b
u
to
r
to
t
h
e
a
b
o
v
e
-
m
en
tio
n
e
d
p
r
o
b
lem
.
I
t
esp
ec
ially
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
th
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
o
f
s
en
s
itiv
e
d
ata
tr
a
d
ed
b
etwe
en
SG’
s
an
d
s
y
s
te
m
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iatio
n
d
ir
ec
to
r
s
i
n
o
p
p
o
s
itio
n
to
an
y
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
f
o
r
th
eir
d
iv
u
lg
en
ce
wh
en
th
ey
ar
e
s
en
t
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
s
u
g
g
ested
m
eth
o
d
is
t
o
g
iv
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
en
s
u
r
ed
k
e
y
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
s
ec
u
r
ity
c
o
n
s
p
ir
e
th
at
p
lan
s
to
f
u
r
n
is
h
a
n
y
tr
ad
e
d
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ce
with
an
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
ca
p
ac
ity
p
er
m
itti
n
g
it
to
d
is
p
lay
v
ar
iab
le
an
d
ec
ce
n
tr
ic
p
r
ac
tices
to
s
ec
u
r
e
it
ag
ain
s
t
as
s
au
lts
o
n
th
eir
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
a
n
d
o
f
f
er
h
i
g
h
er
d
e
g
r
ee
o
f
p
r
o
tectio
n
.
T
h
ese
d
ay
s
,
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
e
x
p
an
d
i
n
g
p
o
p
u
lace
,
t
h
er
e
is
p
o
p
u
lar
ity
f
o
r
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
p
o
w
er
s
o
u
r
ce
s
an
d
th
is
i
n
ter
est
is
ex
p
a
n
d
in
g
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
r
is
in
g
v
itality
co
s
ts
an
d
wo
r
ld
wid
e
n
atu
r
al
ch
an
g
es
as
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
p
o
wer
m
atr
ix
d
e
p
en
d
s
v
ig
o
r
o
u
s
ly
o
n
cu
s
to
m
ar
y
p
etr
o
leu
m
d
er
iv
ati
v
e
-
b
ased
p
o
wer
ag
e
u
n
it
s
wh
ich
ar
e
v
er
y
n
ea
r
l
y
er
ad
icate
d
.
T
r
an
s
f
er
r
in
g
elec
tr
ic
al
v
itality
f
r
o
m
th
ese
ag
e
u
n
its
o
v
er
th
e
d
is
p
er
s
io
n
lin
es
to
th
e
clien
ts
in
th
e
p
r
esen
t
-
d
ay
p
o
wer
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
ac
q
u
ir
es
h
u
g
e
f
o
r
ce
m
is
f
o
r
tu
n
es.
L
ik
ewise,
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
o
r
d
in
ar
y
p
etr
o
leu
m
d
e
r
iv
ativ
e
-
b
ased
p
o
wer
ag
e
u
n
its
p
r
esen
t
p
er
ils
,
e.
g
.
,
r
is
k
s
f
r
o
m
ato
m
ic
f
o
r
ce
p
lan
ts
.
I
n
th
is
m
an
n
er
,
th
er
e
is
a
wo
r
ld
wid
e
p
u
s
h
to
ch
an
g
e
th
e
p
o
wer
ag
e
b
y
m
o
v
in
g
ce
aseless
ly
f
r
o
m
p
etr
o
leu
m
d
er
iv
ativ
e
-
b
ased
p
lan
ts
an
d
s
h
if
tin
g
to
war
d
s
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
B
y
u
tili
zin
g
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
e
r
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
C
O
2
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
ca
n
b
e
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
wo
r
ld
d
im
in
is
h
e
d
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
No
r
m
al
v
ir
tu
al
p
o
we
r
p
lan
t,
wh
ich
jo
in
s
d
is
tin
ctiv
e
en
er
g
y
ass
ets th
r
o
u
g
h
c
o
n
ce
n
t
r
ated
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
in
g
[
5
]
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
I
E
E
E
Gr
id
Vis
io
n
2
0
5
0
,
th
e
ess
en
tial
an
y
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
SG
is
to
h
av
e
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
au
to
m
atio
n
esti
m
ates
s
p
r
ea
d
o
v
er
t
h
e
f
o
r
c
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
to
allo
w
b
en
ef
icial
an
d
s
tr
o
n
g
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
p
o
wer
s
tr
ea
m
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
is
is
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
co
m
p
r
o
m
is
e
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
n
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
P
r
o
b
lems a
n
d
a
n
a
lysi
s
d
ir
ec
ti
o
n
s
in
s
ma
r
t g
r
id
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
th
eir p
o
ten
tia
l so
l
u
tio
n
s
(
Ma
n
o
j S
a
in
i
)
209
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
(
I
C
T
)
in
to
th
e
p
o
wer
n
etwo
r
k
wh
ich
m
ak
es
it
a
s
o
r
t
o
f
d
i
g
ital
ac
tu
al
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
(
C
PS
)
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
d
y
n
am
ic
b
le
n
d
b
etwe
en
th
e
ce
r
tifie
d
an
d
v
ir
tu
al
u
n
iv
er
s
es
o
p
en
e
d
an
e
n
o
r
m
o
u
s
g
atew
ay
o
f
ex
p
ec
ted
h
ea
d
wa
y
s
,
co
u
n
ts
,
an
d
r
esp
o
n
d
s
in
d
u
e
o
r
d
e
r
r
e
g
ar
d
in
g
b
e
m
ad
e
an
d
c
o
m
p
le
ted
in
th
e
SG,
f
o
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
p
ass
ed
o
n
d
ata
d
ea
lin
g
with
an
d
m
ec
h
a
n
ized
th
in
k
in
g
[
1
2
]
.
W
ith
its
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
,
th
e
SG
n
etwo
r
k
will
r
ef
o
r
m
o
u
r
g
en
e
r
al
p
u
b
lic,
ec
o
n
o
m
y
,
an
d
co
n
d
itio
n
.
E
n
o
r
m
o
u
s
an
d
litt
l
e
p
ar
tn
er
s
h
ip
s
an
ticip
ated
th
e
SG
in
n
o
v
ati
o
n
s
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
b
u
s
in
ess
s
ec
to
r
s
an
d
r
ac
ed
to
b
e
th
e
f
ir
s
t
to
c
o
n
v
e
y
.
I
n
an
y
ca
s
e,
s
ec
u
r
ity
p
e
r
s
p
ec
tiv
es
h
av
e
ass
u
m
ed
th
e
lo
wer
p
r
io
r
ity
in
s
id
e
th
is
s
u
r
g
e.
W
ith
th
e
p
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
b
r
o
ad
ly
s
h
if
ted
I
C
T
s
eg
m
en
ts
,
th
e
wea
k
n
ess
o
f
th
e
SG
h
as
b
ee
n
u
n
d
er
m
i
n
ed
h
u
g
ely
.
T
h
is
s
h
ap
ed
an
im
m
en
s
e
wo
r
r
y
o
v
er
th
e
u
n
wav
er
in
g
q
u
ality
an
d
th
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
o
f
th
e
ev
er
-
n
ee
d
ed
SG w
ith
h
u
g
e
d
a
n
g
er
s
ex
ten
d
in
g
f
r
o
m
m
o
n
eta
r
y
to
s
t
r
en
g
th
v
iewp
o
in
ts
.
I
n
t
h
is
way
,
a
f
ew
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
en
d
ea
v
o
r
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
led
to
w
ar
d
th
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
ex
p
a
n
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
s
av
v
y
lattice
b
y
in
itially
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
th
e
d
iv
er
s
e
wea
k
n
ess
f
o
c
u
s
es
an
d
b
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
an
d
s
o
lid
ar
r
a
n
g
em
e
n
ts
eith
er
o
n
th
e
d
i
g
ital
o
r
t
h
e
p
h
y
s
ical
lay
er
.
T
h
ese
en
d
ea
v
o
r
s
ca
m
e
in
lig
h
t o
f
th
e
ev
e
r
-
ex
p
an
d
in
g
d
ig
ital p
h
y
s
ical
ass
au
lts
o
n
S
G.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
CO
N
T
E
N
T
A
ND
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
I
E
S U
SE
D
2
.
1
.
Understa
nd
ing
t
he
s
m
a
rt
g
rid w
it
h r
esp
ec
t
t
o
s
ec
urit
y
& priv
a
cy
a
s
pect
T
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
(
I
T
)
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
(
OT
)
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
s
ar
e
b
ein
g
r
o
b
o
tized
f
o
r
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
ical
g
r
id
an
d
r
elat
ed
s
y
s
tem
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
I
T
task
s
ar
e
h
elp
ed
o
u
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
an
in
f
lex
ib
le
an
d
m
ad
e
s
u
r
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ce
n
etwo
r
k
at
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ar
ea
s
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
I
n
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
Op
er
ati
o
n
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
s
tatio
n
s
.
I
n
th
is
s
itu
atio
n
,
th
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
OT
f
r
am
e
wo
r
k
s
ca
n
b
e
k
ep
t
u
p
with
an
I
T
/OT
in
ter
m
in
g
lin
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
m
ad
e
s
u
r
e
ab
o
u
t
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ce
c
h
an
n
el
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
I
T
an
d
OT
o
p
e
r
atio
n
s
u
n
d
er
s
m
ar
t g
r
id
r
u
le
Sin
ce
th
e
I
T
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
s
a
r
e
p
r
esen
ted
to
th
e
I
n
ter
n
et,
th
ey
a
r
e
m
o
r
e
h
el
p
less
ag
ain
s
t
d
ig
ita
l
ass
au
lts
an
d
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
ly
th
e
Op
e
r
atio
n
al
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
ar
e
ass
o
ciate
d
in
an
is
o
lated
wa
y
.
Fo
r
th
e
en
d
ea
v
o
r
ap
p
licatio
n
m
ix
,
th
e
d
ata
as
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
m
u
s
t
b
e
s
h
a
r
ed
in
th
e
m
id
d
le
o
f
th
e
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
Op
er
atio
n
al
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
n
E
SB
.
2.
2.
Cha
lleng
es in securit
y
do
m
a
ins
o
f
t
he
s
ma
rt
g
rid inf
ra
s
t
ruct
ure
2
.
2
.
1
.
At
t
a
c
k
s
,
t
y
pe
o
f
a
t
t
a
c
k
er
s
a
nd
v
uln
er
a
bil
it
ies in o
pera
t
io
na
l t
ec
hn
o
lo
g
y
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
Sm
ar
t
g
r
id
aim
s
to
ac
co
m
p
li
s
h
th
r
ee
m
ai
n
o
b
jectiv
es:
1
)
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
p
o
wer
f
o
r
ce
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
clien
t
p
r
e
r
eq
u
is
ites
2
)
tr
u
s
two
r
th
in
ess
o
f
co
n
v
ey
ed
d
ata
an
d
3
)
s
ec
r
ec
y
o
f
clien
t's
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
W
ith
cu
ttin
g
ed
g
e
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
in
to
p
lay
th
e
f
o
r
ce
th
e
b
o
ar
d
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
s
tr
ea
m
lin
ed
h
o
wev
er
th
e
wh
o
le
I
T
em
p
o
wer
ed
n
etwo
r
k
h
as g
o
tten
h
elp
less
ag
ain
s
t v
ar
io
u
s
s
o
r
ts
o
f
ass
au
lts
.
T
h
ese
d
an
g
er
s
m
ay
o
f
f
er
a
d
m
ittan
ce
to
th
e
lawb
r
ea
k
er
s
to
ass
au
lt
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ce
o
r
g
an
izati
o
n
an
d
b
ar
g
ain
th
e
class
if
icati
o
n
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
u
p
r
ig
h
t
n
ess
o
f
th
e
d
ata
th
at
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
th
e
cu
s
to
m
e
r
s
with
a
p
o
we
r
o
u
ta
g
e
[
13
]
.
T
h
e
d
is
tin
ctiv
e
ass
au
lt
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
th
e
OT
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
ar
e
g
iv
en
b
en
ea
th
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J
Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
2
0
7
–
216
210
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Ass
au
lt v
ar
ian
ts
in
S
C
ADA
o
r
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
co
n
tr
o
l sy
s
tem
s
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
T
y
p
es o
f
a
ttack
e
r
s
:
−
T
h
e
m
o
r
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
er
s
wh
o
'
v
e
n
o
g
o
al
to
h
u
r
t
th
e
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
an
d
th
eir
th
o
u
g
h
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ar
e
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
a
s
tan
d
in
g
am
o
n
g
th
e
ass
o
ciate
s
.
−
C
lien
ts
at
h
o
m
e
m
ay
g
et
v
i
n
d
i
ctiv
e
an
d
tak
e
a
s
tab
at
h
ac
k
in
g
to
tr
u
ly
clo
s
e
d
o
wn
t
h
eir
h
o
m
e
m
eter
s
.
−
C
y
b
er
cr
im
in
als wh
o
attem
p
t t
o
r
is
k
th
e
m
eter
t
h
e
b
o
a
r
d
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
p
u
b
lic
we
b
.
−
Dis
ap
p
o
in
ted
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
es
wh
o
s
u
b
m
it
i
n
ad
v
er
te
n
t
er
r
o
r
s
to
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
th
e
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
s
an
d
at
last
b
ec
o
m
e
an
ass
ailan
t
.
T
h
e
v
u
ln
e
r
ab
le
attac
k
s
u
r
f
ac
es a
r
e
as
f
o
llo
ws [
1
4
]
:
−
C
h
ec
k
in
g
Mo
d
b
u
s
m
ess
ag
es.
−
Po
s
tp
o
n
in
g
r
ea
ctio
n
m
ess
ag
es p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
ex
p
er
ts
.
−
Ass
au
ltin
g
a
m
ac
h
in
e
with
th
e
b
est p
o
s
s
ib
le
p
o
r
ts
.
−
Sen
d
in
g
d
e
p
en
d
a
b
le
d
ata
to
e
v
er
y
co
n
ce
i
v
ab
le
lo
ca
tio
n
to
g
at
h
er
g
ea
r
d
ata.
−
C
lo
s
in
g
o
u
t a
n
ac
e
a
n
d
co
n
tr
o
l
lin
g
at
least o
n
e
f
ield
g
ad
g
et
.
−
R
ep
lay
in
g
v
alid
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
m
es
s
ag
es b
ac
k
to
th
e
p
r
o
c
o
n
tr
o
l
n
etwo
r
k
.
−
Sen
d
in
g
b
o
g
u
s
m
ess
ag
es to
en
d
p
o
in
t
g
ad
g
ets.
2
.
2
.
2
.
Vuln
er
a
ble a
t
t
a
c
k
s
urf
a
ce
s
o
f
AM
I
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
v
u
ln
e
r
ab
le
a
ttack
s
u
r
f
ac
es o
f
AM
I
:
−
AM
I
ar
ch
itectu
r
e.
−
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
−
Data
m
an
ip
u
latio
n
&
tam
p
er
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
:
1)
p
h
y
s
ical
tam
p
er
in
g
,
2
)
d
ata
h
ac
k
in
g
.
T
h
e
two
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ce
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
s
tr
an
s
ce
n
d
e
n
t
in
th
e
s
m
ar
t
m
eter
i
n
g
s
y
s
tem
[
15
]:
(
i
)
p
u
b
lic
in
ter
n
et
,
as sh
o
wn
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
,
an
d
(
ii
)
R
F
m
esh
n
etw
o
r
k
s
,
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
W
ea
k
p
o
in
ts
o
f
s
m
ar
t m
eter
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ce
u
tili
zin
g
p
u
b
lic
web
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J
Ap
p
l Po
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E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
P
r
o
b
lems a
n
d
a
n
a
lysi
s
d
ir
ec
ti
o
n
s
in
s
ma
r
t g
r
id
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
th
eir p
o
ten
tia
l so
l
u
tio
n
s
(
Ma
n
o
j S
a
in
i
)
211
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
W
ea
k
p
o
in
ts
o
f
s
m
ar
t g
r
id
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
u
tili
zin
g
r
ad
io
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
m
esh
n
etwo
r
k
2
.
2
.
3
.
E
x
is
t
ing
wo
rk
o
n
s
ec
urit
y
,
p
riv
a
cy
a
nd
o
pen
r
esea
rc
h
i
s
s
ues
o
f
s
m
a
rt
g
rid m
e
t
er
ing
net
wo
rk
s
Pro
p
o
s
ed
id
ea
s
in
T
a
b
le
1
:
−
An
ex
h
au
s
tiv
e
p
e
r
s
p
ec
tiv
e
o
n
s
ec
u
r
ity
an
d
p
r
o
tectio
n
c
o
n
ce
r
n
s
.
−
Deta
iled
class
if
icatio
n
o
f
s
m
ar
t g
r
id
ass
au
lts
.
−
A
co
m
p
lete
r
ep
o
r
t f
o
r
s
ec
u
r
ity
an
d
p
r
iv
ac
y
o
b
jectiv
es a
n
d
r
elatin
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
−
Fu
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
p
ath
s
.
T
ab
le
1
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
with
o
th
er
ex
is
tin
g
s
u
r
v
e
y
s
R
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
mark
i
n
g
S
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
i
ssu
e
s
P
r
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v
a
c
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e
s
R
e
a
l
a
t
t
a
c
k
i
n
c
i
d
e
n
t
s
Th
r
e
a
t
t
o
sy
st
e
m
l
e
v
e
l
sec
u
r
i
t
y
Th
e
f
t
s
o
r
t
h
r
e
a
t
s
v
i
a
serv
i
c
e
s
Th
r
e
a
t
s
t
o
p
r
i
v
a
c
y
P
a
p
e
r
s
c
o
v
e
r
e
d
[
1
6
]
Y
e
s
No
No
Y
e
s
No
No
2
0
0
8
-
12
[
1
7
]
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
No
Y
e
s
Li
mi
t
e
d
Li
mi
t
e
d
2
0
1
0
-
14
[
1
8
]
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
No
No
Li
mi
t
e
d
Li
mi
t
e
d
2
0
1
0
-
16
[
1
9
]
No
No
No
No
No
No
2
0
0
8
-
15
[
2
0
]
Y
e
s
No
No
Y
e
s
No
No
2
0
0
9
-
16
[
2
1
]
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
No
No
Li
mi
t
e
d
Y
e
s
2
0
0
7
-
14
[
2
2
]
No
Y
e
s
No
No
No
Li
mi
t
e
d
2
0
0
8
-
15
[
2
3
]
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
No
No
Li
mi
t
e
d
Li
mi
t
e
d
2
0
0
7
-
14
[
2
4
]
No
No
No
No
Li
mi
t
e
d
Li
mi
t
e
d
2
0
1
0
-
15
[
2
5
]
No
No
No
No
Li
mi
t
e
d
Li
mi
t
e
d
2
0
1
0
-
18
S
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d
[
26
]
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
2
0
1
0
-
18
2
.
2
.
4
.
So
lutio
n
idea
pro
po
s
ed
f
o
r
s
ca
la
ble
a
nd
ef
f
icient
a
uthent
ica
t
io
n
s
chem
e
f
o
r
s
ec
ure
SG
co
m
m
un
ica
t
io
ns
T
o
g
iv
e
a
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
co
m
p
lete
an
s
wer
f
o
r
th
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
o
f
th
e
SG
co
n
d
u
ct
ag
ain
s
t
an
y
ex
am
in
atio
n
o
f
th
eir
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
d
u
r
in
g
u
s
e
a
s
T
ab
le
2
,
we
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
an
o
th
er
way
to
d
ea
l
with
g
u
ar
an
tee
d
s
ec
u
r
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ce
b
etwe
en
s
m
a
r
t
g
r
id
a
n
d
v
itality
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
as
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
o
d
o
th
is
,
we
h
av
e
d
i
v
id
ed
o
u
r
s
o
lu
tio
n
in
4
s
tag
es,
*
Setu
p
-
>
*
I
d
en
tific
atio
n
-
>
*
Au
t
h
en
ticatio
n
-
>
*
Pas
s
wo
r
d
C
h
an
g
e.
T
ab
le
2
.
Secu
r
ity
an
aly
s
is
S
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
p
r
o
p
e
r
t
i
e
s
P
a
p
e
r
[
2
7
]
P
a
p
e
r
[
2
8
]
P
a
p
e
r
[
2
9
]
P
a
p
e
r
[
30
]
S
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d
P
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
g
a
i
n
st
f
o
r
g
e
r
y
a
t
t
a
c
k
Y
e
s
No
No
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
P
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
g
a
i
n
st
r
e
p
l
a
y
a
t
t
a
c
k
No
Y
e
s
No
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
P
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
g
a
i
n
st
p
a
ssw
o
r
d
g
u
e
ss
i
n
g
a
t
t
a
c
k
No
No
Y
e
s
No
Y
e
s
P
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
g
a
i
n
st
a
ma
n
-
in
-
t
h
e
-
mi
d
d
l
e
a
t
t
a
c
k
No
Y
e
s
No
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
P
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
g
a
i
n
st
sess
i
o
n
k
e
y
sec
u
r
i
t
y
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
P
e
r
f
e
c
t
f
o
r
w
a
r
d
se
c
r
e
c
y
No
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
P
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
g
a
i
n
st
i
n
si
d
e
r
a
t
t
a
c
k
Y
e
s
No
No
No
Y
e
s
S
mart
m
e
t
e
r
a
n
o
n
y
mi
t
y
No
No
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
Y
e
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J
Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
2
0
7
–
216
212
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
C
o
r
r
elatio
n
o
f
o
u
r
s
o
lu
tio
n
with
d
if
f
e
r
en
t a
r
r
a
n
g
em
en
ts
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
c
o
s
ts
2
.
3
.
Co
m
pa
riso
n wit
h r
ela
t
e
d su
rv
ey
a
rt
icles
B
r
o
ad
ea
r
lier
wo
r
k
h
as
in
s
p
e
cted
th
e
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
d
is
p
er
s
ed
en
er
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
an
d
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
i
n
to
th
e
SG
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
A
f
ew
ex
ce
p
tio
n
al
d
iar
y
co
n
ce
r
n
ca
s
es
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
o
n
th
e
m
ix
o
f
r
en
e
wab
le
en
er
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
in
to
t
h
e
SG,
s
ee
f
o
r
ex
am
p
le,
[
31
].
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
a
f
ew
b
o
o
k
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
o
n
th
is
th
em
e
[
32
]
-
[
34
]
.
C
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
th
ese
ea
r
lier
ar
ticles,
we
g
iv
e
a
f
o
r
war
d
-
t
h
in
k
in
g
o
u
tlin
e
o
f
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ce
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
s
em
er
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
ec
o
n
cili
atio
n
o
f
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
in
to
t
h
e
SG
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
A
tim
etab
le
o
f
th
e
m
ajo
r
d
ig
ital
-
p
h
y
s
ical
ass
au
lts
i
n
th
e
v
itality
b
u
s
in
ess
s
eg
m
en
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
P
r
o
b
lems a
n
d
a
n
a
lysi
s
d
ir
ec
ti
o
n
s
in
s
ma
r
t g
r
id
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
th
eir p
o
ten
tia
l so
l
u
tio
n
s
(
Ma
n
o
j S
a
in
i
)
213
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
T
h
e
s
cien
tific
ca
teg
o
r
izatio
n
o
f
d
ig
ital p
h
y
s
ical
ass
au
lts
as p
er
th
eir
co
n
v
ey
an
ce
s
tr
ateg
y
3.
F
UT
UR
E
SCO
P
E
S
3
.
1
.
Securit
y
a
nd
priv
a
cy
a
s
pect
s
in S
G
SG
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
cr
u
cial
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
in
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
an
d
r
ec
o
n
ciliatio
n
o
f
en
e
r
g
y
.
T
h
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
d
o
m
ain
o
f
th
e
SG
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
wh
ich
is
an
in
teg
r
al
p
a
r
t
o
f
th
e
SG
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
h
as
ce
r
tain
ch
allen
g
es
an
d
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
r
eso
lv
e
d
q
u
ick
l
y
.
T
h
er
e
a
r
e
s
till
th
es
e
co
n
ce
r
n
s
,
d
esp
ite
th
e
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
f
ea
tu
r
es
o
f
Dem
an
d
Ma
n
ag
em
en
t
I
n
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e,
wh
ich
ar
e
s
till
u
n
d
er
g
o
in
g
c
o
n
tr
o
v
e
r
s
y
d
u
e
to
th
e
c
o
n
n
ec
tio
n
o
f
lar
g
e
n
o
.
o
f
h
eter
o
g
en
e
o
u
s
d
ev
ices.
SG
in
v
en
tio
n
is
a
g
r
ea
t
ac
h
ie
v
em
en
t
f
o
r
b
o
th
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
s
an
d
u
s
er
s
,
g
iv
i
n
g
th
em
ad
v
an
tag
e
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
esti
m
atio
n
s
o
f
en
e
r
g
y
,
a
n
aly
ze
t
h
eir
u
tili
za
tio
n
,
an
d
in
th
is
m
a
n
n
er
co
n
tr
o
l
th
eir
p
o
wer
b
ills
.
I
n
an
y
ca
s
e,
th
is
cu
ttin
g
-
ed
g
e
in
n
o
v
atio
n
also
q
u
ick
ly
r
aises
v
ar
io
u
s
k
in
d
s
o
f
ass
au
lts
th
at
ca
n
u
n
f
av
o
r
a
b
ly
i
n
f
lu
en
c
e
th
e
ac
tiv
ity
o
f
th
e
g
r
id
b
y
d
is
to
r
tin
g
p
o
wer
u
tili
za
tio
n
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
3
.
2
.
I
nte
g
ra
t
io
n o
f
SG
wit
h
re
newa
ble e
nerg
y
re
s
o
urce
s
E
x
p
an
d
i
n
g
e
n
er
g
y
c
o
s
ts
,
lo
s
s
es
in
th
e
c
u
s
to
m
ar
y
f
r
am
e
wo
r
k
,
h
az
ar
d
s
f
r
o
m
ato
m
ic
elec
tr
icity
g
en
er
atio
n
,
a
n
d
wo
r
ld
wid
e
n
atu
r
al
ch
an
g
es
ar
e
in
s
p
ir
in
g
a
ch
an
g
e
o
f
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
m
eth
o
d
s
o
f
cr
ea
tin
g
p
o
wer
.
W
o
r
ld
wid
e,
th
er
e
is
a
cr
av
in
g
t
o
d
ep
e
n
d
o
n
r
e
n
ew
ab
le
en
er
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
m
o
r
e
t
h
an
n
o
n
-
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
o
n
es
f
o
r
p
o
wer
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
p
o
we
r
lattice
is
b
y
an
d
b
y
ad
v
an
cin
g
to
war
d
s
a
n
in
s
i
g
h
tf
u
l
n
etwo
r
k
,
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
r
ted
SG.
On
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
o
b
jectiv
es
o
f
th
in
g
s
t
o
co
m
e
in
SG
is
to
m
o
v
e
t
o
war
d
s
1
0
0
%
p
o
wer
g
en
er
atio
n
f
r
o
m
r
en
ewa
b
le
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
i.e
.
,
to
war
d
s
a
1
0
0
%
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
g
r
id
.
I
n
a
n
y
ca
s
e,
th
e
d
iv
er
g
e
n
t,
d
is
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
,
a
n
d
n
o
r
m
all
y
b
r
o
ad
ly
to
p
o
g
r
ap
h
ically
cir
cu
lated
n
atu
r
e
o
f
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
co
n
v
o
l
u
tes
th
e
jo
in
i
n
g
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
in
to
th
e
SG.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
s
in
g
u
la
r
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
h
av
e
b
y
an
d
lar
g
e
lo
wer
lim
it
th
an
r
eg
u
lar
n
o
n
-
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
en
e
r
g
y
s
o
u
r
c
e
p
lan
ts
,
an
d
th
ese
r
en
ewa
b
le
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
d
ep
en
d
o
n
a
wid
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
en
ts
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
n
ee
d
to
r
eso
lv
e
th
e
p
r
iv
a
cy
an
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
is
s
u
e
o
f
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
is
an
is
s
u
e
th
at
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
r
eso
lv
ed
as
q
u
ick
ly
as
p
o
s
s
ib
le
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
f
lo
w
o
f
d
ata
is
v
er
y
s
en
s
it
iv
e
an
d
also
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
a
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
f
u
tu
r
e.
T
h
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
p
o
we
r
n
etwo
r
k
s
wo
r
ld
wid
e
o
f
to
d
a
y
will
ch
a
n
g
e
to
t
h
e
cu
ttin
g
-
ed
g
e
k
ee
n
lattices
in
th
e
c
o
m
i
n
g
f
u
tu
r
e.
No
twith
s
tan
d
in
g
,
t
h
e
ac
h
iev
em
en
t
o
f
SG
m
eter
in
g
s
y
s
tem
r
elies
u
p
o
n
its
s
ec
u
r
ity
p
r
o
p
er
ties
.
An
o
th
er
ess
en
tial
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
f
SG
m
eter
in
g
s
y
s
tem
is
th
e
c
u
s
to
m
er
'
s
p
r
iv
ac
y
,
i.e
.
,
h
o
w
to
to
tal
p
u
r
ch
aser
s
'
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
with
o
u
t
u
n
v
eilin
g
th
eir
o
wn
an
d
to
u
ch
y
d
ata.
Hen
ce
,
s
ec
u
r
ity
an
d
p
r
o
tectio
n
i
n
p
o
we
r
lattice
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
as
a
r
is
in
g
e
x
p
lo
r
atio
n
t
o
p
ic,
wh
ich
m
er
its
ex
am
in
atio
n
.
T
h
is
r
ev
iew
ex
am
in
es
an
ex
h
au
s
tiv
e
o
v
er
v
iew
o
n
s
ec
u
r
ity
an
d
p
r
o
tectio
n
r
esear
ch
in
SG
m
eter
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
W
e
ex
am
in
e
th
e
g
en
u
in
e
d
ig
ital
ass
au
lts
ep
i
s
o
d
es
in
th
e
f
o
r
ce
b
u
s
in
ess
an
d
r
elate
d
ap
p
l
icatio
n
s
.
Als
o
,
we
r
esear
ch
d
ef
in
ite
d
an
g
e
r
s
cien
tific
class
if
icatio
n
in
clu
d
in
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
lev
el,
r
o
b
b
er
y
o
f
ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
,
an
d
p
r
o
tectio
n
/s
ec
r
ec
y
d
an
g
e
r
s
th
a
t
h
av
e
p
r
o
m
p
te
d
th
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
a
n
d
p
r
o
tectio
n
n
ec
ess
ity
in
SG
m
eter
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
we
p
r
esen
t
a
n
d
th
in
k
ab
o
u
t
th
e
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
an
d
wea
k
n
ess
es
o
f
cu
ttin
g
ed
g
e
ex
is
tin
g
m
o
s
t
f
o
r
war
d
-
t
h
in
k
in
g
ar
r
a
n
g
em
en
t
s
,
at
th
at
p
o
in
t
f
in
is
h
th
is
p
ap
er
b
y
ca
llin
g
atten
tio
n
to
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
ex
a
m
in
atio
n
is
s
u
es.
T
h
e
wo
r
k
d
o
n
e
in
th
is
p
ap
er
is
also
o
n
t
h
e
SG
s
ec
u
r
ity
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
in
its
r
u
n
n
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
.
I
n
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
,
we
h
a
v
e
tu
r
n
ed
to
th
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
lig
h
t c
r
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
ic
n
ativ
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J
Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
2
0
7
–
216
214
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
R.
K.
Bh
a
ti
a
a
n
d
V.
Bo
d
a
d
e
,
“
S
m
a
rt
g
rid
se
c
u
rit
y
a
n
d
p
ri
v
a
c
y
:
Ch
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s,
li
tera
tu
re
su
rv
e
y
a
n
d
issu
e
s
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
Res
e
a
rc
h
i
n
C
o
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
S
o
f
twa
re
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l
.
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
1
4
.
[2
]
J.
Li
u
,
Y.
Xia
o
,
S
.
Li
,
W.
Li
a
n
g
a
n
d
C.
L.
P
.
Ch
e
n
,
“
Cy
b
e
r
se
c
u
rit
y
a
n
d
p
ri
v
a
c
y
issu
e
s
in
sm
a
rt
g
rid
s
,
”
i
n
IEE
E
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
S
u
rv
e
y
s
&
T
u
to
ri
a
ls
,
v
o
l.
1
4
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
9
8
1
-
9
9
7
,
F
o
u
rt
h
Qu
a
rter
2
0
1
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
S
URV
.
2
0
1
1
.
1
2
2
1
1
1
.
0
0
1
4
5
.
[3
]
P
.
G
a
n
g
u
ly
,
M
.
Na
sip
u
ri
a
n
d
S
.
Du
tt
a
,
“
Ch
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
e
x
isti
n
g
se
c
u
rit
y
m
e
a
su
re
s
d
e
p
lo
y
e
d
in
th
e
sm
a
rt
g
rid
fra
m
e
wo
r
k
,
”
2
0
1
9
I
EE
E
7
t
h
In
te
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
S
ma
rt
En
e
rg
y
Gr
id
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
S
EGE
,
Os
h
a
wa
,
ON
,
Ca
n
a
d
a
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/S
EG
E.
2
0
1
9
.
8
8
5
9
9
1
7
.
[4
]
M
.
H.
Re
h
m
a
n
i,
M
.
Re
issle
in
,
A
.
Ra
c
h
e
d
i,
M
.
Ero
l
-
Ka
n
tarc
i
a
n
d
M
.
Ra
d
e
n
k
o
v
ic,
“
In
teg
ra
ti
n
g
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
re
so
u
rc
e
s
in
t
o
th
e
sm
a
rt
g
ri
d
:
R
e
c
e
n
t
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
ts
in
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
,
”
in
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stri
a
l
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
c
s
,
v
o
l.
1
4
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
2
8
1
4
-
2
8
2
5
,
Ju
l
.
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TII
.
2
0
1
8
.
2
8
1
9
1
6
9
.
[5
]
M.
Emm
a
n
u
e
l
a
n
d
R.
Ra
y
u
d
u
,
“
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
fo
r
sm
a
rt
g
rid
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
:
A
su
r
v
e
y
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ne
two
rk
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
A
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
7
4
,
p
p
.
1
3
3
-
1
4
8
,
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
jn
c
a
.
2
0
1
6
.
0
8
.
0
1
2
.
[6
]
S
e
o
n
g
C
h
e
o
l
Kim
,
P
a
p
ia
Ra
y
a
n
d
S
.
S
u
re
n
d
e
r
Re
d
d
y
,
“
F
e
a
tu
re
s
o
f
sm
a
rt
g
rid
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
:
An
o
v
e
rv
iew
,
”
ECT
I
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
E
lec
trica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
Co
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
1
7
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
6
9
-
1
8
0
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
7
9
3
6
/ec
ti
-
e
e
c
.
2
0
1
9
1
7
2
.
2
1
5
4
7
8
.
[7
]
I
.
Co
lak
,
S
.
S
a
g
ir
o
g
l
u
,
G
.
F
u
ll
i,
M
.
Ye
silb
u
d
a
k
a
n
d
C
.
-
F
.
Co
v
ri
g
,
“
A
su
rv
e
y
o
n
t
h
e
c
rit
ica
l
issu
e
s
in
sm
a
rt
g
rid
tec
h
n
o
l
o
gi
e
s,”
Re
n
e
wa
b
le
S
u
st
a
in
a
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
,
v
o
l.
5
4
,
p
p
.
3
9
6
-
4
0
5
,
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
rse
r.
2
0
1
5
.
1
0
.
0
3
6
.
[8
]
P
.
Ku
m
a
r,
Y.
Li
n
,
G
.
Ba
i,
A.
P
a
v
e
rd
,
J.
S
.
Do
n
g
a
n
d
A.
M
a
rti
n
,
“
S
m
a
rt
g
rid
m
e
terin
g
n
e
two
r
k
s
:
A
su
rv
e
y
o
n
se
c
u
rit
y
,
p
ri
v
a
c
y
a
n
d
o
p
e
n
re
se
a
rc
h
issu
e
s
,”
in
IEE
E
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s S
u
rv
e
y
s &
T
u
to
ria
ls,
v
o
l.
2
1
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
8
8
6
-
2
9
2
7
,
th
ir
d
q
u
a
rter 2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/COM
S
T.
2
0
1
9
.
2
8
9
9
3
5
4
.
[9
]
A
.
K
.
Da
s
a
n
d
S
.
Zea
d
a
ll
y
,
“
Ch
a
p
ter
1
3
-
d
a
ta
se
c
u
rit
y
in
t
h
e
sm
a
rt
g
rid
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
,
”
Pa
t
h
wa
y
s
to
a
S
ma
rte
r
Po
we
r S
y
ste
m,
p
p
.
3
7
1
-
3
9
5
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/B
9
7
8
-
0
-
08
-
1
0
2
5
9
2
-
5
.
0
0
0
1
3
-
2.
[1
0
]
IEE
E
S
tan
d
a
rs
As
so
c
iatio
n
s,
“
S
m
a
rt
g
rid
re
se
a
rc
h
:
P
o
we
r
IEE
E
g
rid
v
isio
n
2
0
5
0
,
re
fe
re
n
c
e
m
o
d
e
l,
”
IEE
-
PE
S
,
3
0
Ap
r.
2
0
1
3
.
[1
1
]
M
.
F
a
h
e
e
m
,
S
.
B.
H.
S
h
a
h
,
R.
A.
Bu
tt
,
B.
Ra
z
a
,
M
.
An
wa
r,
M
.
W
.
As
h
ra
f,
M
d
.
N
g
a
d
i
a
n
d
V.
C.
G
u
n
g
o
r,
“
S
m
a
rt
g
rid
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
a
n
d
i
n
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
i
n
th
e
p
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
o
f
in
d
u
str
y
4
.
0
:
O
p
p
o
rtu
n
it
ies
a
n
d
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
,
”
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
Rev
iew,
v
o
l.
3
0
,
p
p
.
1
-
3
0
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
c
o
sre
v
.
2
0
1
8
.
0
8
.
0
0
1
.
[1
2
]
X.
Yu
a
n
d
Y.
X
u
e
,
“
S
m
a
rt
g
rid
s
:
A
c
y
b
e
r
–
p
h
y
sic
a
l
sy
ste
m
s
p
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
,
”
in
Pro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
th
e
IEE
E
,
v
o
l.
1
0
4
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
0
5
8
-
1
0
7
0
,
M
a
y
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/JP
ROC.2
0
1
5
.
2
5
0
3
1
1
9
.
[1
3
]
F
.
Ye
,
Y
.
Qia
n
a
n
d
R
.
Q
.
Hu
,
S
ma
rt
g
rid
c
o
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
i
n
fra
stru
c
tu
re
s:
Bi
g
d
a
ta
,
c
l
o
u
d
c
o
mp
u
ti
n
g
,
a
n
d
se
c
u
rit
y
,
USA:
Wi
ley
I
EE
E
P
re
ss
,
3
0
4
p
a
g
e
s,
Au
g
.
2
0
1
8
.
[1
4
]
C.
P
e
n
g
,
H.
S
u
n
,
M
.
Ya
n
g
a
n
d
Y
.
Wan
g
,
“
A
su
r
v
e
y
o
n
se
c
u
rit
y
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
a
n
d
c
o
n
tro
l
f
o
r
s
m
a
rt
g
rid
s
u
n
d
e
r
m
a
li
c
io
u
s
c
y
b
e
r
a
tt
a
c
k
s
,
”
i
n
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
S
y
ste
ms
,
M
a
n
,
a
n
d
Cy
b
e
rn
e
ti
c
s:
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
4
9
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
1
5
5
4
-
1
5
6
9
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/T
S
M
C.
2
0
1
8
.
2
8
8
4
9
5
2
.
[1
5
]
T.
M
e
h
ra
,
V.
De
h
a
lwa
r
a
n
d
M
.
K
o
lh
e
,
“
Da
ta
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
se
c
u
rit
y
o
f
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
m
e
terin
g
i
n
fra
stru
c
tu
re
i
n
sm
a
rt
g
ri
d
,
”
2
0
1
3
5
th
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
t
a
ti
o
n
a
l
In
tel
li
g
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Ne
t
wo
rk
s,
M
a
t
h
u
ra
,
In
d
ia,
p
p
.
3
9
4
-
3
9
9
,
2
0
1
3
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/CICN.
2
0
1
3
.
8
7
.
[1
6
]
W.
Wan
g
a
nd
Z
.
Lu
,
“
Cy
b
e
r
se
c
u
rit
y
i
n
th
e
sm
a
rt
g
ri
d
:
S
u
rv
e
y
a
n
d
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
,
”
Co
mp
u
ter
Ne
two
rk
s
,
v
o
l.
5
7
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
3
4
4
-
1
3
7
1
,
2
0
1
3
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
c
o
m
n
e
t
.
2
0
1
2
.
1
2
.
0
1
7
.
[1
7
]
N.
Ko
m
n
in
o
s,
E.
P
h
il
i
p
p
o
u
a
n
d
A.
P
it
sill
i
d
e
s,
“
S
u
rv
e
y
i
n
sm
a
rt
g
rid
a
n
d
sm
a
rt
h
o
m
e
se
c
u
rit
y
:
Is
s
u
e
s
,
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
a
n
d
c
o
u
n
term
e
a
su
re
s
,
”
in
IEE
E
Co
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
s
S
u
rv
e
y
s
&
T
u
to
ri
a
l
s,
v
o
l.
1
6
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
9
3
3
-
1
9
5
4
,
F
o
u
rt
h
q
u
a
rter
2
0
1
4
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/CO
M
S
T.
2
0
1
4
.
2
3
2
0
0
9
3
.
[1
8
]
S
.
Ta
n
,
D.
De
,
W.
S
o
n
g
,
J.
Ya
n
g
a
n
d
S
.
K.
Da
s,
“
S
u
r
v
e
y
o
f
s
e
c
u
rit
y
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
s
i
n
sm
a
rt
g
rid
:
A
d
a
ta
d
riv
e
n
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
,
”
in
IEE
E
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
S
u
rv
e
y
s
&
T
u
t
o
ria
ls
,
v
o
l.
1
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
9
7
-
4
2
2
,
F
irstq
u
a
rter
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/CO
M
S
T.
2
0
1
6
.
2
6
1
6
4
4
2
.
[1
9
]
D.
Ala
h
a
k
o
o
n
a
n
d
X.
Yu
,
“
S
m
a
rt
e
lec
tri
c
it
y
m
e
ter
d
a
ta
in
telli
g
e
n
c
e
fo
r
fu
tu
re
e
n
e
rg
y
sy
ste
m
s
:
A
su
rv
e
y
,
”
in
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stri
a
l
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
c
s
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
4
2
5
-
4
3
6
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TII
.
2
0
1
5
.
2
4
1
4
3
5
5
.
[2
0
]
H.
He
a
n
d
J.
Ya
n
,
“
Cy
b
e
r
-
p
h
y
sic
a
l
a
tt
a
c
k
s
a
n
d
d
e
fe
n
se
s
in
t
h
e
sm
a
rt
g
rid
:
A
s
u
rv
e
y
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1
]
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.
F
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r
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.
Ba
u
m
g
a
rt,
“
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r
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y
-
a
wa
re
sm
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rt
m
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g
:
A
su
rv
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y
,
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n
IEE
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Co
mm
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[2
2
]
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.
R.
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h
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r,
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Da
n
,
D
.
M
io
ra
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d
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a
n
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.
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h
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tac
,
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m
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rt
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ter
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:
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r
v
e
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,
”
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n
IEE
E
Co
mm
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n
ica
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s S
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7
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.
[2
3
]
R.
R.
M
o
h
a
ss
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l
,
A.
F
u
n
g
,
F
.
M
o
h
a
m
m
a
d
i
a
n
d
K.
Ra
a
h
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m
ifar,
“
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su
rv
e
y
o
n
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
m
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terin
g
in
fra
stru
c
tu
re
,
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ter
n
a
t
io
n
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l
J
o
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l
o
f
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e
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trica
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ms
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ij
e
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s.
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4
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0
6
.
0
2
5
.
[2
4
]
Y.
Ka
b
a
lci,
“
A
su
r
v
e
y
o
n
sm
a
rt
m
e
terin
g
a
n
d
sm
a
rt
g
ri
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
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Ren
e
wa
b
le
a
n
d
S
u
st
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in
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le
En
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Rev
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5
7
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/
j.
rse
r.
2
0
1
5
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1
2
.
1
1
4
.
[2
5
]
Y.
Wan
g
,
Q.
C
h
e
n
,
T.
Ho
n
g
a
n
d
C.
Ka
n
g
,
“
Re
v
iew
o
f
sm
a
rt
m
e
ter
d
a
ta
a
n
a
ly
ti
c
s:
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
ies
,
a
n
d
c
h
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ll
e
n
g
e
s
,
”
in
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
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s
o
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rt
Gr
id
,
v
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l.
1
0
,
n
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.
3
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p
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3
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1
1
0
9
/
TS
G
.
2
0
1
8
.
2
8
1
8
1
6
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J
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l Po
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n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
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8
7
9
2
P
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b
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s
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tia
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s
(
Ma
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o
j S
a
in
i
)
215
[2
6
]
A.
Ah
m
a
d
,
M
.
H.
Re
h
m
a
n
i
,
H.
Tem
b
in
e
,
O.
A.
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
a
n
d
A.
Ja
m
a
li
p
o
u
r
,
“
IEE
E
a
c
c
e
ss
sp
e
c
ial
se
c
ti
o
n
e
d
it
o
ria
l:
Op
t
imiz
a
ti
o
n
fo
r
e
m
e
rg
in
g
wire
les
s
n
e
two
rk
s:
I
o
T,
5
G
,
a
n
d
sm
a
rt
g
rid
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
n
e
two
r
k
s
,
”
i
n
IEE
E
Acc
e
ss
,
v
o
l
.
5
,
p
p
.
2
0
9
6
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1
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9
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S
.
2
0
1
7
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2
6
5
5
2
3
8
.
[2
7
]
D.
Wu
a
n
d
C.
Z
h
o
u
,
“
F
a
u
l
t
-
to
ler
a
n
t
a
n
d
sc
a
lab
le
k
e
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
fo
r
sm
a
rt
g
rid
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”
in
IE
EE
T
ra
n
sa
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Gr
id
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l.
2
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2
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3
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G
.
2
0
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.
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1
2
0
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3
4
.
[2
8
]
J.
Xia
a
n
d
Y.
Wa
n
g
,
“
S
e
c
u
re
k
e
y
d
istri
b
u
ti
o
n
f
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th
e
sm
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ri
d
,
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n
IE
EE
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ra
n
s
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n
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m
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rt
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rid
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l.
3
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o
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3
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1
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G
.
2
0
1
2
.
2
1
9
9
1
4
1
.
[2
9
]
J.
Tsa
i
a
n
d
N.
Lo
,
“
S
e
c
u
re
a
n
o
n
y
m
o
u
s
k
e
y
d
istri
b
u
ti
o
n
sc
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
sm
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rt
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ri
d
,
”
in
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
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s
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S
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id
,
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l.
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G
.
2
0
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5
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2
4
4
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5
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[3
0
]
V.
Od
e
lu
,
A.
K.
Da
s,
M
.
Waz
id
a
n
d
M
.
Co
n
ti
,
“
P
ro
v
a
b
ly
se
c
u
re
a
u
th
e
n
t
ica
ted
k
e
y
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g
re
e
m
e
n
t
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h
e
m
e
fo
r
sm
a
rt
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ri
d
,
”
in
IEE
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rt
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1
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/
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G
.
2
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6
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2
6
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2
2
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2
.
[3
1
]
M
.
H.
Re
h
m
a
n
i
,
M
.
Ero
l
Ka
n
tar
c
i,
A.
Ra
c
h
e
d
i,
M
.
Ra
d
e
n
k
o
v
ic
a
n
d
M
.
Re
issle
in
,
“
IEE
E
a
c
c
e
ss
sp
e
c
ial
se
c
ti
o
n
e
d
it
o
rial
sm
a
rt
g
rid
s
:
A
h
u
b
o
f
in
terd
isc
ip
li
n
a
ry
re
se
a
rc
h
,
”
in
IE
EE
Acc
e
ss
,
v
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l.
3
,
p
p
.
3
1
1
4
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0
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5
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o
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1
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1
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9
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S
S
.
2
0
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6
.
2
5
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6
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5
8
.
[3
2
]
Q.
C.
Z
h
o
n
g
a
n
d
T.
Ho
r
n
i
k
,
“
Co
n
tro
l
o
f
p
o
we
r
i
n
v
e
rters
i
n
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
a
n
d
sm
a
rt
g
rid
in
t
e
g
ra
ti
o
n
,
”
W
il
e
y
IEE
E
Pre
ss
,
2
0
1
3
.
[3
3
]
A.
S
.
M
u
sle
h
,
G
.
Ch
e
n
a
n
d
Z.
Y.
Do
n
g
,
“
A
su
rv
e
y
o
n
th
e
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
a
l
g
o
ri
th
m
s
fo
r
fa
lse
d
a
ta
i
n
je
c
ti
o
n
a
tt
a
c
k
s
i
n
sm
a
rt
g
rid
s
,
”
in
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
S
ma
rt
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id
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v
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l.
1
1
,
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o
.
3
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p
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2
2
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4
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/
TS
G
.
2
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9
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9
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.
[3
4
]
H.
Ha
m
m
a
m
i,
S
.
B
.
Ya
h
ia
a
n
d
M
.
S
.
Ob
a
id
a
t,
“
S
c
a
lab
le
a
n
d
e
ffi
c
ien
t
a
u
t
h
e
n
ti
c
a
ti
o
n
sc
h
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m
e
fo
r
s
e
c
u
re
sm
a
rt
g
ri
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
”
IET
Ne
two
rk
s
,
v
o
l.
9
,
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o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
6
5
-
1
6
9
,
Ju
l
.
2
0
2
0
,
[On
li
n
e
].
Av
a
il
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ib
le:
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o
i:
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1
0
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e
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2
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.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Ma
n
o
j
S
a
in
i
,
Re
se
a
rc
h
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c
h
o
lar,
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
&
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
En
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
,
G
a
lg
o
ti
a
s
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
G
r.
No
id
a
.
Uttar
P
ra
d
e
sh
,
I
n
d
ia,
M
-
Tec
h
:
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e
c
tri
c
a
l
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
P
o
we
r
S
y
ste
m
),
D.C.
R.
U.S
.
T,
M
u
rth
a
l
,
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o
n
ip
a
t,
i
n
2
0
1
1
,
B.
E.
:
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e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
C.
R.
S
.
C
.
E
,
M
u
rth
a
l
,
S
o
n
i
p
a
t,
Ha
ry
a
n
a
,
i
n
2
0
0
9
.
Cu
rre
n
t
ly
w
o
rk
i
n
g
a
s
As
sista
n
t
P
ro
fe
ss
o
r
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
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n
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rin
g
De
p
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rtme
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t,
G
a
lg
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ti
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s
Co
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n
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n
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c
h
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o
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g
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1
,
Kn
o
wle
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re
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ter
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Re
se
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a
:
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e
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b
le
En
e
rg
y
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e
n
e
ra
ti
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,
P
o
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m
a
n
d
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n
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rg
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d
it
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c
h
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x
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e
:
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y
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rs
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a
g
uft
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r.
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