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[
2
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-
[
3
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Ma
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[
4
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.
C
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ar
m
o
n
ics
i
n
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
f
o
r
r
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u
cin
g
th
e
ac
o
u
s
tic
n
o
i
s
e
in
t
h
e
in
d
u
s
tr
ia
l
d
r
iv
es
h
as
b
ee
n
i
n
s
ti
g
ated
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
R
P
W
M
co
n
ce
p
ts
ar
e
w
e
ll
estab
lis
h
ed
f
o
r
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
s
a
n
d
d
c
-
d
c
co
n
v
er
ter
s
.
Ha
m
id
K
h
an
et.
al
h
av
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
d
is
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n
ti
n
u
o
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s
a
n
d
r
an
d
o
m
ized
-
m
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d
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
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e
b
ased
o
n
s
p
ac
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to
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ca
lcu
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,
i
n
ten
d
ed
f
o
r
elec
tr
ic
-
d
r
iv
e
o
r
ien
ted
h
y
b
r
id
elec
tr
ic
v
eh
icle[
6
]
.
A
f
ix
ed
-
ca
r
r
ier
-
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
R
P
W
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o
d
b
as
ed
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n
a
m
o
d
if
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ca
r
r
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a
v
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h
as
b
ee
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p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
m
o
d
u
latio
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ased
o
n
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i
m
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m
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ex
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h
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f
lat
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o
to
r
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r
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en
t
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
g
e
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er
ates
a
n
ac
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u
s
tical
n
o
is
e
clo
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e
to
th
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w
h
ite
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o
is
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w
h
ic
h
i
m
p
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s
t
h
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o
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s
tical
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
d
r
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[
7
]
.
A
d
u
al
r
an
d
o
m
ized
P
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
e
h
as
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is
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as
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R
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d
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m
ized
P
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ls
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Po
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R
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R
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d
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m
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C
ar
r
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F
r
eq
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en
c
y
Mo
d
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latio
n
[
8
]
.
W
ith
th
e
m
o
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u
lati
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p
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ci
p
le,
a
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33
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ated
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n
ics i
s
s
p
r
ea
d
in
a
w
id
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
a
n
g
e.
T
h
e
m
aj
o
r
ad
v
an
tag
e
f
o
r
u
s
in
g
s
u
ch
a
s
tr
ate
g
y
is
n
o
n
-
r
ep
etitiv
e
o
u
tp
u
t
s
p
ec
tr
al
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
,
w
h
ic
h
r
es
u
lts
i
n
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
to
r
q
u
e
p
u
l
s
atio
n
s
in
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
E
x
p
er
i
m
en
tal
r
es
u
lt
s
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
r
e
d
u
ce
d
HSF
a
n
d
t
h
e
w
ell
-
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
p
o
w
er
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
n
o
t
u
s
u
all
y
p
r
esen
t
w
it
h
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
s
i
n
u
s
o
id
al
m
o
d
u
latio
n
.
R
a
n
d
o
m
P
W
M
s
ch
e
m
e
is
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
b
y
a
l
o
g
ical
p
s
e
u
d
o
r
an
d
o
m
n
u
m
b
e
r
g
en
er
ato
r
w
i
th
th
e
aid
o
f
a
h
ig
h
-
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
FP
G
A
SP
A
R
T
A
N
-
6
XC
6
SL
X4
5
th
at
s
er
v
e
s
as
m
o
d
u
lato
r
an
d
co
n
tr
o
ller
f
o
r
th
e
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
.
R
E
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
J.
Ch
ias
so
n
,
L
.
M
.
T
o
lb
e
rt,
K.
M
c
Ke
n
z
ie,
a
n
d
Z.
Du
,
“
A
c
o
m
p
lete
so
lu
ti
o
n
t
o
th
e
h
a
rm
o
n
ic
e
li
m
in
a
ti
o
n
p
ro
b
lem
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
1
9
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
4
9
1
–
4
9
9
,
M
a
r
.
2
0
0
4
.
[
2
]
Zu
lk
if
il
ie Bi
n
Ib
ra
h
im
,
M
d
.
L
it
o
n
Ho
ss
a
in
,
Ism
a
d
i
Bin
B
u
g
is,
Nik
M
u
n
a
ji
Nik
M
a
h
a
d
i,
A
h
m
a
d
S
h
u
k
ri
,
A
b
u
Ha
si
m
,
“
S
im
u
latio
n
In
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
o
f
S
P
W
M
,
T
HIP
W
M
a
n
d
S
VP
W
M
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s f
o
r
T
h
re
e
P
h
a
se
V
o
l
tag
e
S
o
u
rc
e
I
n
v
e
rter
”,
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Driv
e
S
y
s
tem
(IJP
EDS
),
v
o
l.
4
,
N
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
2
3
~
2
3
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
4
.
[3
]
J.A
.
Ho
u
ld
sw
o
rth
a
n
d
D.A
.
G
ra
n
t,
“
T
h
e
Us
e
Ha
r
m
o
n
ic
Disto
rti
o
n
to
In
c
re
a
se
th
e
Ou
tp
u
t
V
o
l
tag
e
o
f
T
h
re
e
-
P
h
a
se
P
W
M
I
n
v
e
rter”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
o
n
I
n
d
u
stry
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
1
I
A
-
2
0
,
p
p
.
1
2
2
4
-
1
2
2
8
,
S
e
p
t/
Oc
t
1
9
8
4
.
[4
]
M
u
h
a
m
m
a
d
F
a
rru
k
h
Ya
q
u
b
,
M
u
h
a
m
m
a
d
S
a
f
ian
A
d
e
e
l
a
n
d
T
a
h
ir
Iz
h
a
r
, “
V
a
riab
le Vo
lt
a
g
e
S
o
u
rc
e
In
v
e
rter
w
it
h
Co
n
tr
o
ll
e
d
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
S
p
e
c
tru
m
Ba
se
d
o
n
Ra
n
d
o
m
P
u
lse
W
id
t
h
M
o
d
u
latio
n
”
,
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Driv
e
S
y
ste
m
(IJ
P
ED
S
),
v
o
l
.
2
,
No
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
5
~
3
4
,
M
a
rc
h
2
0
1
2
.
[5
]
R.
L
y
n
n
Kirli
n
,
S
a
m
K
w
o
k
,
S
tan
islaw
L
e
g
o
ws
k
i,
a
n
d
A
n
d
rz
e
j
M
.
T
rz
y
n
a
d
lo
w
sk
i,
“
P
o
w
e
r
S
p
e
c
tra
o
f
a
P
W
M
In
v
e
rter
w
it
h
Ra
n
d
o
m
ize
d
P
u
lse
P
o
siti
o
n
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
4
6
3
-
4
7
2
,
S
e
p
tem
b
e
r
1
9
9
4
.
[
6
]
Ha
m
id
Kh
a
n
,
El
-
Ha
d
jM
il
ian
i,
a
n
d
Kh
a
li
l
El
Kh
a
m
li
c
h
i
Driss
i,
“
D
isc
o
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
Ra
n
d
o
m
S
p
a
c
e
V
e
c
to
r
M
o
d
u
lati
o
n
f
o
r
El
e
c
tri
c
Driv
e
s:
A
Di
g
it
a
l
Ap
p
r
o
a
c
h
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
2
7
,
no
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
4
9
4
4
-
4
9
5
1
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
2
.
[
7
]
L
a
s
z
lo
M
a
th
e
,
F
l
o
rin
L
u
n
g
e
a
n
u
,
De
z
so
S
e
ra
,
P
e
ter
Om
a
n
d
Ra
s
m
u
ss
e
n
,
a
n
d
Jo
h
n
K.
P
e
d
e
rse
n
,
“
S
p
r
e
a
d
S
p
e
c
tru
m
M
o
d
u
latio
n
b
y
Us
in
g
A
s
y
m
m
e
tri
c
-
Ca
rrier
Ra
n
d
o
m
P
W
M
”
,
IE
EE
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
strial
El
e
c
t
ro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
5
9
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
3
7
1
0
-
3
7
1
8
,
Oc
to
b
e
r
2
0
1
2
.
[
8
]
N.
Bo
u
d
jerd
a
,
A
.
Bo
u
d
o
u
d
a
,
M
.
M
e
li
t
a
n
d
B.
Ne
k
h
o
u
l
,
K.
El
Kh
a
m
li
c
h
i
Driss
i
a
n
d
K.
Ke
rro
u
m
,
“
Op
ti
mize
d
Du
a
l
Ra
n
d
o
mize
d
PW
M
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
Red
u
c
in
g
Co
n
d
u
c
ted
EM
I
i
n
DC
-
AC
Co
n
v
e
rte
rs
”
,
P
ro
c
.
o
f
th
e
1
0
th
In
t
.
S
y
m
p
o
siu
m
o
n
El
e
c
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
Co
m
p
a
ti
b
il
it
y
(EM
C
Eu
r
o
p
e
2
0
1
1
)
,
p
p
.
7
0
1
-
7
0
6
,
Y
o
rk
,
UK
,
S
e
p
tem
b
e
r
2
6
-
3
0
,
2
0
1
1
.
[9
]
T
.
Ja
rin
a
n
d
P
.
S
u
b
b
u
ra
j,
“
Co
m
p
re
h
e
n
siv
e
In
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
o
n
Ha
rm
o
n
ic
S
p
re
a
d
in
g
Ef
f
e
c
ts
o
f
S
P
W
M
a
n
d
R
P
W
M
M
e
th
o
d
s
”
,
Eu
r
o
p
e
a
n
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
S
c
ien
ti
f
ic Re
se
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
1
0
3
N
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
9
6
–
3
0
3
,
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
3
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S O
F
AUTH
O
RS
P
.
A
ru
lk
u
m
a
r
re
c
e
iv
e
d
B.
E.
d
e
g
r
e
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
th
e
P
e
riy
a
r
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
S
a
le
m
,
a
n
d
T
a
m
il
n
a
d
u
,
I
n
d
ia
i
n
2
0
0
2
.
T
h
e
M
.
E.
d
e
g
re
e
in
A
p
p
li
e
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
f
ro
m
A
n
n
a
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
Ch
e
n
n
a
i,
a
n
d
T
a
m
il
n
a
d
u
,
In
d
ia
in
2
0
0
4
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
p
u
rsu
in
g
h
is
d
o
c
t
o
ra
l
d
e
g
re
e
in
P
RI
S
T
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
V
a
ll
a
m
,
T
h
a
n
jav
u
r,
a
n
d
T
a
m
il
n
a
d
u
,
I
n
d
ia.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
w
o
rk
in
g
a
s
a
n
A
ss
istan
t
P
r
o
f
e
ss
o
r
in
t
h
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
t
Kin
g
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
N
a
ll
u
r,
Na
m
a
k
k
a
l,
a
n
d
Ta
m
il
n
a
d
u
,
In
d
ia.
He
is
a
L
i
f
e
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
IS
T
E
a
n
d
IA
ENG
.
His
re
s
e
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
a
re
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
so
u
rc
e
s,
in
v
e
rters
,
c
o
n
v
e
rters
a
n
d
S
o
li
d
S
tate
DC &
A
C
Driv
e
s
.
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