I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
Appl
ied P
o
w
er
E
ng
ineering
(
I
J
AP
E
)
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
1
,
A
p
r
il
201
8
,
p
p
.
1
0
~1
7
I
SS
N:
2
2
5
2
-
8792
DOI
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/i
j
ap
e.
v
7
.
i1
.
p
p
10
-
17
10
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
co
r
e.
co
m/jo
u
r
n
a
ls
/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/
I
JA
P
E
H
y
brid Sys
t
e
m
P
o
w
er G
eneratio
n
'
W
ind
-
pho
tov
o
ltaic'
Co
nnected
t
o
the
Electrical
Netw
o
r
k
22
0
k
V
M
ida
Dris
1
,
B
ena
t
t
o
us
Dj
ila
ni
2
1
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
U
n
iv
er
s
it
y
Mo
h
a
m
e
d
Kh
id
er
,
B
is
k
r
a
,
A
l
g
er
ia
2
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
E
lec
tr
ical
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
U
n
iv
er
s
it
y
E
C
h
ah
id
Ha
m
m
a
L
ak
h
d
ar
d
’
E
l O
u
ed
,
A
l
g
er
ia
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Ma
y
7
,
2
0
1
7
R
ev
i
s
ed
J
an
9
,
2
0
1
8
A
cc
ep
ted
Feb
1
0
,
2
0
1
8
Re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
h
a
v
e
th
e
p
o
ten
ti
a
l
t
o
g
e
n
e
ra
te
e
lec
tri
c
it
y
c
lea
n
ly
w
it
h
o
u
t
p
o
ll
u
ti
o
n
a
n
d
a
les
se
r
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
c
e
o
f
r
e
so
u
rc
e
s
f
o
r
th
is
p
ro
d
u
c
ti
o
n
o
f
e
le
c
tri
c
p
o
w
e
r
b
y
th
e
se
s
y
ste
m
s
so
u
rc
e
s
su
c
h
a
s
so
lar,
w
in
d
,
h
y
d
ro
,
g
e
o
th
e
r
m
a
l
a
n
d
b
io
m
a
ss
in
ste
a
d
a
n
ti
-
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tal
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l
sy
ste
m
s
su
c
h
a
s
g
a
s,
c
o
a
l
a
n
d
o
il
is
a
re
m
a
rk
a
b
le
id
e
a
b
u
t
n
o
t
f
re
q
u
e
n
t
in
A
lg
e
ria.
Ou
r
re
se
a
r
c
h
f
o
c
u
se
s
o
n
t
h
e
stu
d
y
o
f
a
h
y
b
rid
e
n
e
rg
y
sy
ste
m
(P
h
o
to
v
o
l
taic
-
W
in
d
),
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
t
o
th
e
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
Ne
t
w
o
rk
2
2
0
k
V
a
n
d
th
is
b
y
trac
k
in
g
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
we
r
p
o
i
n
t
(M
P
P
T
)
f
o
r
tw
o
e
n
e
r
g
y
so
u
rc
e
s.
F
o
r
th
is,
m
e
th
o
d
s
b
a
se
d
o
n
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
s
we
re
u
s
e
d
sid
e
P
V
a
rra
y
a
n
d
W
in
d
tu
r
b
in
e
.
W
it
h
re
g
a
rd
to
th
e
w
in
d
tu
r
b
i
n
e
,
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
w
a
s
b
a
se
d
o
n
a
n
a
n
a
ly
ti
c
a
l
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
m
e
th
o
d
.
T
h
e
M
a
tl
a
b
/
S
im
u
li
n
k
i
s
u
se
d
f
o
r
si
m
u
late
d
p
o
w
e
r
o
u
tp
u
t
f
ro
m
H
y
b
rid
S
y
ste
m
,
p
o
we
r
d
e
li
v
e
re
d
to
o
r
f
ro
m
g
rid
a
n
d
p
h
a
se
v
o
lt
a
g
e
o
f
th
e
in
v
e
rter l
e
g
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
:
E
lectr
ical
n
et
w
o
r
k
2
2
0
k
V
H
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
MP
PT
P
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
R
en
e
w
ab
le
e
n
er
g
y
So
lar
W
in
d
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
201
8
In
s
t
it
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts
re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Mid
a
Dr
is
,
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
Un
i
v
er
s
it
y
Mo
h
a
m
ed
Kh
id
er
,
B
is
k
r
a
,
Alg
er
ia
.
E
m
ail:
m
id
ad
r
is
@
g
m
ail.
co
m
,
d
b
en
atto
u
s
@
y
a
h
o
o
.
f
r
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
t
h
e
co
s
t
o
f
r
en
e
w
ab
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
is
n
o
t
n
ec
ess
ar
il
y
co
m
p
e
titi
v
e
w
i
t
h
f
o
s
s
i
l
e
n
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
b
u
t
t
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
clea
n
er
e
n
er
g
y
h
a
s
g
e
n
er
ated
a
p
r
o
lif
er
atio
n
o
f
ap
p
licatio
n
s
i
n
u
s
e
r
en
e
w
ab
le
en
er
g
y
.
T
h
e
y
w
ill
b
ec
o
m
e
,
I
n
t
h
e
f
u
tu
r
e
in
cr
e
asin
g
l
y
co
m
p
et
iti
v
e
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
co
s
ts
a
n
d
t
h
is
s
o
l
u
tio
n
allo
w
s
th
e
e
x
p
lo
itatio
n
o
f
lo
ca
l
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
f
o
r
au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
A
ll
r
en
e
w
ab
le
en
er
g
y
(
s
o
lar
,
h
y
d
r
o
w
in
d
,
b
io
m
as
s
)
co
m
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
u
n
[1
-
4
]
,
th
e
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
t
h
e
E
ar
th
's
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
T
h
u
s
,
s
o
lar
a
n
d
w
i
n
d
en
er
g
ies
ar
e
m
o
r
e
d
ev
e
lo
p
ed
an
d
h
a
v
e
m
a
n
y
ad
v
a
n
t
ag
es.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
we
m
u
s
t
d
is
t
in
g
u
is
h
s
e
v
er
al
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
d
ep
en
d
i
n
g
o
n
th
e
s
ite
a
n
d
r
en
e
w
ab
le
e
n
er
g
y
u
s
e.
I
n
ter
m
itte
n
t
a
v
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
s
u
c
h
r
eso
u
r
c
es
lead
s
to
th
e
s
to
r
ag
e
p
r
o
b
lem
an
d
co
r
r
ec
t
s
izin
g
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
in
v
est
m
en
t
co
s
t
b
u
t
also
en
s
u
r
e
co
n
s
u
m
er
d
e
m
a
n
d
.
I
t
also
r
aises
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
co
u
p
lin
g
b
et
w
ee
n
m
u
ltip
le
s
o
u
r
ce
s
to
co
m
p
e
n
s
ate
f
o
r
o
n
e
an
o
t
h
er
.
Ou
r
w
o
r
k
co
m
b
i
n
es
t
w
o
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
elec
tr
ical
e
n
e
r
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
,
n
a
m
el
y
w
i
n
d
an
d
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic,
w
h
ic
h
w
ill
b
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
t
h
e
tr
an
s
p
o
r
t
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
B
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
a
n
d
MP
PT
m
et
h
o
d
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
e
x
tr
ac
ted
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
th
e
P
V
ar
r
ay
an
d
th
e
w
i
n
d
t
u
r
b
in
e
[
5
]
.
2.
P
V
G
E
NE
RA
T
I
O
N
SYS
T
E
M
P
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ce
ll
ca
n
b
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
o
n
e
o
r
t
w
o
d
io
d
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
i
n
p
ar
allel
w
it
h
a
cu
r
r
en
t
s
o
u
r
ce
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
eq
u
iv
ale
n
t c
ir
c
u
it o
f
P
V
A
r
r
a
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
A
P
E
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8792
Hyb
r
id
S
ystem
P
o
w
er Ge
n
era
t
io
n
'win
d
-
p
h
o
to
v
o
lta
ic'
…
(
Mi
d
a
Dri
s
)
11
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
E
q
u
iv
alen
t c
ir
cu
it o
f
a
s
o
lar
ce
ll
O
u
tp
u
t c
u
r
r
en
t o
f
P
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
an
els ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
as
sh
d
d
ph
pv
I
I
I
I
I
2
1
(
1
)
T
h
e
elec
tr
ic
cu
r
r
en
t p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
t
h
e
ce
ll i
s
th
e
n
g
iv
e
n
b
y
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
ex
p
r
es
s
io
n
:
)
(
)
1
)
.
(
e
x
p(
)
1
)
.
(
e
x
p(
2
2
1
1
sh
pv
s
pv
t
pv
s
pv
s
t
pv
s
pv
s
ph
pv
R
I
R
V
n
V
I
R
V
I
n
V
I
R
V
I
I
I
(
2
)
W
h
er
e
:
I
ph
: Cu
r
r
en
t p
h
o
to
n
ics
.
I
d1
:
C
u
r
r
en
t i
n
t
h
e
d
io
d
e
1
.
I
d2
: Cu
r
r
en
t i
n
t
h
e
d
io
d
e
2
.
R
s
:
S
er
i
al
R
e
s
is
tan
ce
(
Ω
)
.
R
sh
:
S
h
u
n
t
R
esi
s
ta
n
ce
(
Ω
)
.
P
h
o
to
n
ic
p
o
w
er
is
l
in
k
ed
to
t
h
e
ill
u
m
i
n
atio
n
,
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
a
n
d
p
h
o
to
n
ic
p
o
w
er
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
at
r
ef
er
en
ce
co
n
d
itio
n
s
a
n
d
it is
g
iv
e
n
b
y
:
))
(
(
)
(
)
(
r
e
f
c
c
cc
r
e
f
ph
r
e
f
ph
T
T
I
G
G
I
(
3
)
W
h
er
e
:
I
ph(ref)
: P
h
o
to
n
ic
P
o
w
er
o
n
co
n
d
it
io
n
o
f
r
ef
er
en
ce
[
A
]
µ
cc
:
: T
h
e
in
ten
s
it
y
at
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
s
en
s
iti
v
it
y
co
e
f
f
icie
n
t
[
A
/K]
G,
G
ref
:
:
T
h
e
ac
tu
al
illu
m
i
n
atio
n
to
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
co
n
d
itio
n
[
W
/
m
²]
T
c
,T
c(ref)
:
T
em
p
er
atu
r
e
ac
tu
al
ce
l
l a
n
d
t
h
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
co
n
d
itio
n
.
Satu
r
atio
n
cu
r
r
en
t
s
I
s1
an
d
I
s2
ar
e
g
iv
e
n
b
y
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
r
el
atio
n
s
h
ip
s
[
5
]
:
)
.
.
.
ex
p
(
.
.
1
3
1
1
k
T
n
q
E
T
C
I
gap
c
s
s
(
4
)
)
.
.
.
e
x
p(
.
.
2
2
/
3
2
2
k
T
n
q
E
T
C
I
g
a
p
c
s
s
(
5
)
C
o
n
s
tan
t
s
C
s1
an
d
C
s2
ar
e
u
s
u
all
y
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
(
1
5
0
-
1
8
0
)
A
.
K
3
an
d
(
1
.
3
-
1
.
7
)
x
1
0
-
2
A
.
K
-
5/2
f
o
r
a
m
o
d
u
le
o
f
1
0
0
cm
².
A
v
al
u
e
o
f
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
n
o
f
u
n
it
y
d
u
alit
y
f
ac
to
r
is
ass
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
a
p
r
ed
o
m
i
n
an
t
r
ec
o
m
b
i
n
atio
n
m
ec
h
an
i
s
m
an
d
it d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
n
a
tu
r
e
an
d
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
t
h
e
tr
ap
s
lev
el
s
.
n
=1
:
T
h
e
ar
ea
o
f
s
p
ac
e
ch
ar
g
e
is
d
ep
o
p
u
lated
(
id
ea
l c
ase)
.
1
<n
< 2
: T
h
e
tr
ap
lev
el
is
s
h
allo
w
i
n
t
h
e
ar
ea
o
f
s
p
ac
e
ch
ar
g
e
a
n
d
n
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
p
o
lar
izatio
n
[
6
]
.
n
=
2
:
R
ec
o
m
b
in
at
io
n
ce
n
tr
es
ar
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
e
v
e
n
l
y
i
n
t
h
e
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
ar
ea
o
f
s
p
ac
e
an
d
o
n
a
s
i
n
g
le
lev
e
l
in
th
e
m
id
d
le
o
f
t
h
e
b
an
d
g
ap
.
2<
n
< 4
:
R
ec
o
m
b
i
n
atio
n
ce
n
tr
es
ar
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
n
o
n
-
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
l
y
w
it
h
a
r
ed
u
ce
d
d
en
s
it
y
i
n
t
h
e
ce
n
te
r
o
f
th
e
ar
ea
o
f
s
p
ac
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
ch
ar
g
e
.
E
g
ap
:
E
n
er
g
y
Gap
(
cr
y
s
talli
n
e
s
i
lic
o
n
=
1
,
1
2
eV,
am
o
r
p
h
o
u
s
s
ilico
n
=
1
,
7
eV)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8792
IJ
A
P
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
1
,
A
p
r
il
2
0
1
8
:
10
–
17
12
2
.
1
.
P
V
M
P
P
T
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
As
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
t
h
e
g
r
a
p
h
o
f
F
ig
u
r
e
2
,
a
p
er
tu
r
b
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
is
cr
ea
ted
an
d
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
i
s
in
cr
e
m
e
n
ted
o
r
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
u
n
ti
l r
ea
ch
in
g
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
in
t
[
10
-
19
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
P
o
w
er
v
er
s
u
s
v
o
ltag
e
f
o
r
p
er
tu
r
b
an
d
o
b
s
er
v
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
[
10
]
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
P
er
tu
r
b
an
d
o
b
s
er
v
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
3.
WI
ND
S
YST
E
M
T
h
e
k
in
etic
en
er
g
y
o
f
th
e
w
i
n
d
co
llected
b
y
t
h
e
th
r
ee
b
lad
es
o
f
th
e
w
i
n
d
tu
r
b
in
e
is
co
n
v
er
ted
in
to
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
e
n
er
g
y
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
r
o
to
r
u
s
in
g
a
s
p
ee
d
m
u
l
tip
lie
r
lo
ca
ted
in
s
id
e
th
e
n
ac
elle
f
in
all
y
co
n
v
er
ted
in
to
elec
tr
icit
y
.
T
h
e
p
er
m
an
e
n
t
m
a
g
n
et
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
g
e
n
er
ato
r
(
P
MSG)
is
u
s
ed
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
i
s
en
er
g
y
b
ec
a
u
s
e
i
t
o
f
f
er
s
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
th
a
n
k
s
to
it
s
h
i
g
h
er
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
b
ec
au
s
e
it
h
a
s
n
o
r
o
to
r
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
w
it
h
o
u
t
a
g
ea
r
b
o
x
,
w
h
ic
h
al
s
o
i
m
p
lies
t
h
e
R
ed
u
ct
io
n
o
f
weig
h
t
o
f
t
h
e
n
ac
elle,
a
n
d
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
co
s
ts
.
T
h
e
eq
u
iv
ale
n
t c
ir
c
u
it o
f
t
h
e
w
i
n
d
tu
r
b
in
e
is
r
ep
r
ese
n
ted
as s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
E
q
u
iv
ale
n
t
cir
cu
it o
f
w
i
n
d
tu
r
b
in
e
)
(
2
1
2
0
m
P
w
(
6
)
3
0
0
2
1
A
P
(
7
)
2
.
.
.
.
5
,
0
.
.
)
(
r
P
g
w
V
A
C
t
P
(
8
)
W
h
er
e
:
P
w
:
O
u
tp
u
t p
o
w
er
o
f
t
u
r
b
in
e
P
0
:
E
x
tr
ac
ted
o
u
tp
u
t
f
r
o
m
w
i
n
d
.
P
wt
:
G
en
er
ated
o
u
tp
u
t p
o
w
er
.
η
w
.
:
E
f
f
icien
c
y
o
f
t
u
r
b
in
e
η
g
.
:
E
f
f
icien
c
y
o
f
g
en
er
ato
r
ρ
:
D
en
s
i
t
y
o
f
air
.
C
P
:
P
o
w
er
co
-
e
f
f
icie
n
t o
f
w
i
n
d
.
A
:
W
in
d
tu
r
b
in
e
s
w
ep
t a
r
ea
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
A
P
E
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8792
Hyb
r
id
S
ystem
P
o
w
er Ge
n
era
t
io
n
'win
d
-
p
h
o
to
v
o
lta
ic'
…
(
Mi
d
a
Dri
s
)
13
3
.
1
.
Wind
M
P
P
T
by
k
no
w
ing
t
he
cha
ra
ct
er
is
t
ic
curv
e
C
P
(
λ
):
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
w
id
el
y
u
s
e
d
to
av
o
id
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
w
i
n
d
s
p
ee
d
to
h
a
v
e
t
h
e
ex
p
en
s
iv
e
an
e
m
o
m
eter
s
.
Fo
r
lo
w
an
d
m
ed
iu
m
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
m
u
lti
p
o
le
p
er
m
a
n
e
n
t
m
a
g
n
et
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
g
e
n
er
ato
r
ar
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
,
th
eir
co
n
tr
o
l
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
r
eg
u
lat
io
n
o
f
th
e
ex
ci
tatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
o
to
r
.
T
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
th
is
co
m
m
an
d
i
s
to
i
m
p
o
s
e
a
r
ef
er
en
ce
to
r
q
u
e
s
o
as
to
en
ab
l
e
th
e
w
i
n
d
tu
r
b
i
n
e
to
r
o
tate
at
an
ad
j
u
s
tab
le
s
p
ee
d
f
o
r
lo
w
a
n
d
m
o
d
er
ate
w
in
d
s
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
en
s
u
r
e
an
o
p
ti
m
u
m
o
p
er
atin
g
p
o
in
t
in
ter
m
s
o
f
e
x
tr
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
e
n
to
k
ee
p
th
i
s
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
ta
n
t a
t P
N
f
o
r
th
e
s
tr
o
n
g
es
t
w
in
d
s
.
3
.
2
.
I
nd
irec
t
co
ntr
o
l
by
t
he
s
t
ee
ring
o
f
t
he
curr
ent
On
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
ain
g
o
al
s
o
f
th
i
s
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
i
s
to
s
i
m
p
l
if
y
th
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
c
h
ain
o
f
en
er
g
y
d
ed
icate
d
to
lo
w
w
i
n
d
.
T
h
is
is
n
e
ce
s
s
ar
y
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
co
s
t
w
it
h
o
u
t
to
o
m
u
c
h
d
i
m
in
i
s
h
in
g
t
h
e
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
t
h
i
s
s
y
s
te
m
.
C
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
b
ased
o
n
a
r
e
ctif
ier
b
r
id
g
e
w
it
h
s
i
x
co
n
tr
o
lled
s
w
itc
h
e
s
ar
e
ex
p
en
s
iv
e,
i
n
clu
d
e
d
ev
ice
s
o
f
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
m
ea
s
u
r
e
s
,
an
d
r
eq
u
ir
e
a
q
u
ite
co
m
p
lex
c
o
n
tr
o
l
cir
cu
i
t.
T
h
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
r
ec
tif
ier
is
r
ep
lace
d
b
y
a
th
r
ee
-
p
h
a
s
e
r
ec
tif
ier
d
io
d
es.
Of
th
e
f
ac
t,
th
at
th
e
d
io
d
e
b
r
id
g
e
is
an
u
n
co
n
tr
o
lled
ele
m
e
n
t,
t
h
e
d
ir
ec
t
au
to
p
ilo
t
o
f
t
h
e
g
e
n
er
ato
r
to
r
q
u
e
o
r
s
p
ee
d
is
n
o
lo
n
g
er
p
o
s
s
ib
le.
An
o
t
h
er
w
a
y
(
in
d
ir
ec
t)
ac
tio
n
is
th
er
ef
o
r
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
.
Fo
r
th
i
s
,
w
e
u
s
e
d
a
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
s
ee
n
in
t
h
is
p
ar
ag
r
ap
h
is
g
i
v
e
n
b
y
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Diag
r
a
m
o
f
a
w
in
d
t
u
r
b
in
e
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
c
h
ai
n
,
w
it
h
d
io
d
e
r
ec
tif
ier
an
d
ch
o
p
p
er
e
o
l
e
o
l
b
a
t
b
a
t
b
a
t
P
C
I
U
P
.
.
.
.
(
9
)
T
h
e
to
tal
y
ield
η
i
s
ca
lcu
lated
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
:
opt
eo
l
bat
P
P
m
a
x
(
10
)
W
h
er
e
:
o
p
t
o
p
t
o
p
t
K
P
3
(1
1
)
m
ax
3
3
2
p
opt
C
AR
K
(1
2
)
T
h
en
w
e
d
ed
u
ce
t
h
at
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
in
j
ec
ted
in
to
th
e
b
atter
y
is
:
o
p
t
o
p
t
b
a
t
K
P
3
m
a
x
(1
3
)
T
h
u
s
w
e
ca
n
d
ed
u
ce
th
e
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
o
f
o
p
ti
m
al
cu
r
r
en
t
i
n
t
h
e
b
atter
y
.
I
f
w
e
co
n
s
id
er
th
a
t
lo
s
s
es
ar
e
also
ch
an
g
i
n
g
in
t
h
e
cu
b
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
p
ee
d
,
w
e
ca
n
d
ef
i
n
e
a
co
n
s
t
an
t
m
o
d
i
f
ied
:
3
3
.
'
.
o
p
t
o
p
t
o
p
t
b
a
t
o
p
t
o
p
t
b
a
t
K
K
U
I
(1
4
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8792
IJ
A
P
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
1
,
A
p
r
il
2
0
1
8
:
10
–
17
14
T
h
e
s
ea
r
ch
f
o
r
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
d
e
v
ice
ca
n
b
e
b
u
ilt
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
r
o
tatio
n
s
p
ee
d
o
f
th
e
r
o
to
r
,
s
u
ch
as:
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
R
ef
er
en
ce
c
u
r
r
en
t a
c
co
r
d
in
g
to
r
o
tatio
n
s
p
ee
d
T
h
e
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
ch
a
in
ca
n
s
till
b
e
s
i
m
p
lif
ied
i
f
w
e
co
n
s
id
er
t
h
at
th
e
i
m
a
g
e
o
f
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
r
o
tatio
n
is
g
iv
e
n
b
y
th
e
elec
tr
o
m
o
ti
v
e
f
o
r
ce
s
o
f
th
e
g
en
er
ato
r
.
Me
ch
a
n
i
ca
l
s
p
ee
d
s
en
s
o
r
ca
n
b
e
r
em
o
v
ed
an
d
r
ep
lace
d
b
y
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
U
dc
b
u
s
v
o
ltag
e.
T
h
is
ca
n
b
e
li
k
en
ed
to
th
e
i
m
a
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
r
o
tatio
n
a
s
s
h
o
wn
in
th
e
eq
u
atio
n
b
elo
w
.
.
.
6
3
.
3
)
(
m
ax
k
E
U
ef
f
ab
dc
(1
5
)
T
h
en
:
k
U
e
f
f
dc
.
6
3
(1
6
)
W
h
er
e
k
:
: Co
ef
f
icie
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
g
en
er
ato
r
.
T
h
e
MPPT
co
n
tr
o
l a
lg
o
r
ith
m
m
a
y
r
es
u
lt i
n
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
d
iag
r
a
m
:
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
R
ef
er
en
c
e
c
u
r
r
en
t a
c
co
r
d
in
g
to
b
u
s
v
o
lta
g
e
4.
DC
-
DC
B
O
O
ST
CO
NVER
T
E
R
T
h
e
eq
u
iv
alen
t
d
c
-
d
c
co
n
v
er
t
er
s
ch
e
m
e
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
8
[
10
]
.
W
h
e
n
th
e
s
w
itc
h
is
clo
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
d
u
r
atio
n
e
αT
,
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
in
th
e
i
n
d
u
cta
n
ce
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
l
in
ea
r
l
y
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
at
t
h
e
ter
m
i
n
al
s
o
f
K
i
s
ze
r
o
.
Du
r
in
g
t
h
e
ti
m
e
e
e
T
T
t
,
,
th
e
s
w
itc
h
o
p
en
s
an
d
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
s
to
r
ed
in
th
e
in
d
u
cta
n
ce
co
n
tr
o
ls
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
f
lo
w
in
th
e
f
r
ee
w
h
ee
l
d
io
d
e
D.
W
e
h
av
e
t
h
en
o
k
V
V
.
B
y
w
r
iti
n
g
th
at
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
at
th
e
ter
m
in
a
ls
o
f
th
e
in
d
u
cto
r
is
ze
r
o
,
w
e
ar
r
iv
e
at:
i
o
V
V
)
1
(
(
1
7
)
Fig
u
r
e
8.
E
q
u
iv
alen
t c
ir
cu
it o
f
a
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
A
P
E
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8792
Hyb
r
id
S
ystem
P
o
w
er Ge
n
era
t
io
n
'win
d
-
p
h
o
to
v
o
lta
ic'
…
(
Mi
d
a
Dri
s
)
15
5.
H
YB
RID WIND
/P
V
SYS
T
E
M
M
O
DE
L
Ou
r
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
a
w
i
n
d
tu
r
b
in
e
co
u
p
led
w
it
h
a
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
g
e
n
er
ato
r
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
h
o
w
in
g
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
9
.
T
h
e
A
C
v
o
lta
g
e
a
t
t
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
w
i
n
d
tu
r
b
in
e
i
s
co
n
v
er
ted
in
to
a
D
C
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
th
e
n
co
u
p
led
w
it
h
it to
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t o
f
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
g
e
n
er
ato
r
.
T
h
e
n
e
w
DC
v
o
ltag
e
is
co
n
v
er
ted
in
to
a
n
AC
v
o
lta
g
e
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
a
th
r
ee
-
p
h
a
s
e
i
n
v
er
ter
an
d
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
e
MA
T
L
A
B
-
Si
m
u
li
n
k
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
w
i
n
d
/P
V
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
n
ec
ted
w
ith
g
r
id
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
10
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Diag
r
a
m
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
s
y
s
te
m
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
Ma
tlab
s
i
m
u
lin
k
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
w
in
d
/P
V
sy
s
te
m
6.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
A
ND
ANAL
YSI
S
Af
ter
ex
ec
u
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
,
Fig
u
r
e
s
b
elo
w
w
atc
h
t
h
e
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
v
o
lta
g
e
in
p
u
o
f
H
y
b
r
id
W
in
d
/P
V
s
y
s
te
m
Gr
id
co
n
n
ec
ted
.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
12
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
r
ee
p
h
ase
lin
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
w
in
d
/P
V
s
y
s
te
m
i
n
p
u
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
Ou
tp
u
t
cu
r
r
e
n
t a
n
d
v
o
ltag
e
i
n
p
u
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
w
in
d
/P
V
s
y
s
te
m
g
r
id
co
n
n
ec
ted
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
.
T
h
r
ee
p
h
ase
lin
e
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
lta
g
e
an
d
cu
r
r
e
n
t
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
w
i
n
d
/P
V
sy
s
te
m
C
h
a
n
g
es
i
n
ac
t
iv
e
a
n
d
r
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
w
er
s
,
th
e
elec
tr
ic
to
r
q
u
e,
th
e
m
ec
h
an
ical
to
r
q
u
e
an
d
th
e
w
i
n
d
g
en
er
atio
n
r
o
tatio
n
s
p
ee
d
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
l
y
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
es
13
an
d
1
4
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
5
(a
)
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
of
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
a
n
d
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
w
er
g
en
er
ated
f
o
r
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
l
tai
c
s
y
s
te
m
.
I
n
F
ig
u
r
e
1
5
(
b
)
,
it
is
clea
r
th
at
th
e
DC
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
t
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
o
u
tp
u
t
f
o
llo
w
s
a
r
e
f
er
en
ce
v
o
ltag
e
(
6
0
5
V)
,
w
h
ich
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
elec
tr
ical
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
13
.
C
h
an
g
es
i
n
elec
tr
ic
to
r
q
u
e,
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
to
r
q
u
e
f
o
r
w
i
n
d
g
e
n
er
atio
n
Fig
u
r
e
14
.
W
in
d
g
en
er
atio
n
r
o
tatio
n
s
p
ee
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8792
IJ
A
P
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
1
,
A
p
r
il
2
0
1
8
:
10
–
17
16
Fig
u
r
e
1
5
(
a
).
Du
t
y
c
y
cle
a
n
d
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
g
en
er
ated
f
o
r
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
te
m
Fig
u
r
e
1
5
(
b
)
.
Var
iatio
n
in
th
e
DC
v
o
lta
g
e
at
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t o
f
t
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
7.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
i
s
w
o
r
k
,
a
b
r
ief
d
escr
ip
t
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
s
f
o
r
th
e
g
e
n
er
atio
n
o
f
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t,
th
e
m
ai
n
co
n
ce
p
t
s
r
elate
d
to
th
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
ar
ch
it
ec
tu
r
e
o
f
t
h
ese
s
y
s
te
m
s
h
av
e
also
b
ee
n
p
r
esen
ted
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
,
a
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
o
f
a
h
y
b
r
id
w
i
n
d
-
p
h
o
to
v
o
lta
ic
s
y
s
te
m
w
as
d
ev
elo
p
ed
,
u
n
d
er
th
e
Si
m
u
li
n
k
in
ter
f
ac
e
o
f
Ma
tlab
.
T
h
e
r
esu
l
ts
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
co
m
b
in
at
io
n
o
f
r
en
e
w
ab
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
i
n
th
e
p
r
ese
n
ce
o
f
a
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
i
th
a
r
e
m
ar
k
ab
le
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
in
o
r
d
er
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
e
m
i
s
s
io
n
o
f
g
r
ee
n
h
o
u
s
e
g
ase
s
i
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
th
e
d
iv
er
s
it
y
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
E
n
er
g
y
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
a
co
n
tin
u
it
y
an
d
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
p
o
w
er
g
e
n
er
at
io
n
is
en
s
u
r
ed
.
W
e
u
s
ed
a
DC
b
u
s
w
h
ic
h
r
ec
eiv
es
t
h
e
e
n
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
t
h
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
a
n
d
w
i
n
d
p
o
w
er
s
o
u
r
ce
s
af
ter
co
n
v
er
t
it
at
t
h
e
AC
,
a
n
d
t
h
en
d
eliv
er
ed
to
th
e
co
n
s
u
m
er
o
r
to
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
W
e
also
u
s
ed
a
lo
ad
-
s
h
ed
d
in
g
r
esi
s
to
r
th
at
allo
w
s
to
d
is
s
ip
ate
ex
ce
s
s
e
n
er
g
y
i
n
t
h
e
ev
e
n
t
o
f
a
d
r
o
p
in
d
em
an
d
a
n
d
of
s
o
lid
b
atter
ies.
Se
v
er
al
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
lt
s
w
er
e
p
r
esen
ted
w
h
ic
h
i
llu
s
tr
ated
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
o
u
r
in
s
tallat
io
n
i
n
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
cl
i
m
at
ic
ch
a
n
g
es a
n
d
v
ar
iatio
n
s
i
n
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
C
.
Da
rra
s,
"
M
o
d
é
li
sa
ti
o
n
d
e
S
y
stè
m
e
s
H
y
b
rid
e
s
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ïq
u
e
/
H
y
d
ro
g
è
n
e
:
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
site
iso
l
é
,
m
icro
-
ré
se
a
u
,
e
t
c
o
n
n
e
x
io
n
a
u
ré
se
a
u
é
lec
tri
q
u
e
d
a
n
s
le
c
a
d
re
d
u
p
r
o
jet
P
E
P
IT
E
,
"
T
h
è
s
e
d
e
Do
c
to
ra
t,
Un
iv
e
rsité
d
e
Co
rse
-
P
a
sc
a
l
P
a
o
li
,
M
a
y
2
0
1
1
.
[
2
]
H.
Ha
ss
in
i,
"
M
o
d
e
li
sa
ti
o
n
,
S
im
u
latio
n
e
t
Op
ti
m
isa
ti
o
n
d
’u
n
S
y
ste
m
e
H
y
b
rid
e
Eo
li
e
n
-
P
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
i
q
u
e
,
"
M
e
m
o
ire
d
e
M
a
g
ister,
Un
iv
e
rsité A
b
o
u
-
Ba
k
r
Be
lk
a
id
d
e
T
le
m
c
e
n
,
2
0
1
0
.
[
3
]
M.
Mu
r
alik
r
is
h
n
a
n
a
n
d
V
.
L
a
k
sh
m
in
a
ra
y
a
n
a
,
"
H
y
b
rid
(S
o
lar
a
n
d
W
in
d
)
En
e
rg
y
S
y
st
e
m
f
o
r
Ru
ra
l
El
e
c
tri
f
ica
ti
o
n
,
"
AR
PN
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
e
d
S
c
ien
c
e
s
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
5
0
-
5
8
,
Oc
to
b
e
r
2
0
0
8
.
[
4
]
M
id
a
Dris,
Be
n
A
tt
o
u
s
Djil
a
n
i
,
"
Co
m
p
a
r
a
ti
v
e
S
tu
d
y
O
f
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
s
(M
P
P
T
)
A
p
p
li
e
d
T
o
P
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
S
y
ste
m
s
"
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Re
n
e
wa
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l
.
3
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
8
7
2
-
8
7
9
,
20
13
.
[
5
]
G
ré
g
o
ire
Lén
a
(IE
D),
"
M
in
i
-
ré
se
a
u
x
h
y
b
rid
e
s
P
V
-
d
ies
e
l
p
o
u
r
l
'
é
lec
tri
f
ica
ti
o
n
ru
ra
le,
"
ra
p
p
o
rt
A
EI
-
P
VPS
T
9
-
1
3
:
2
0
1
3
CL
UB
-
ER,
n
o
,
p
p
1
2
-
1
3
,
Ju
il
let
2
0
1
3
.
[
6
]
M
a
j
id
Ja
m
il
,
Ra
v
i
G
u
p
ta,
"
A
re
v
i
e
w
o
f
p
o
we
r
c
o
n
v
e
rter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
u
se
d
w
it
h
P
M
S
G
b
a
se
d
w
in
d
p
o
w
e
r
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
"
IEE
E,
2
0
1
2
[
7
]
S
w
a
p
n
e
e
l
k
a
u
ra
v
,
P
ro
f
.
P
.
Ya
d
a
v
,
"
H
y
b
rid
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
ste
m
Us
in
g
W
in
d
En
e
rg
y
a
n
d
S
o
lar
En
e
rg
y
"
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
In
n
o
v
a
ti
v
e
Res
e
a
rc
h
in
S
c
ien
c
e
,
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
Ja
n
u
ra
y
2
0
1
6
.
[
8
]
H
.
H.
El
-
T
a
m
a
l
y
a
n
d
A
.
A
.
El
b
a
se
t
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
,
"
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
sim
u
latio
n
o
f
P
h
o
to
v
o
l
taic
/W
in
d
H
y
b
rid
El
e
c
tri
c
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
ste
m
In
terc
o
n
n
e
c
ted
w
it
h
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
u
ti
li
ty
,
"
2
0
0
8
1
2
t
h
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
M
id
d
le
-
E
a
st
Po
we
r
S
y
ste
m
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
A
s
w
a
n
,
2
0
0
8
,
p
p
.
6
4
5
-
6
4
9
.
[
9
]
E.
I.
Orti
z
-
Riv
e
ra
,
"
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
p
o
in
t
trac
k
in
g
u
sin
g
th
e
o
p
ti
m
a
l
d
u
t
y
ra
ti
o
f
o
r
DC
-
DC
c
o
n
v
e
rters
a
n
d
lo
a
d
m
a
tch
in
g
in
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
a
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s,"
2
0
0
8
T
we
n
ty
-
T
h
ir
d
An
n
u
a
l
IEE
E
Ap
p
li
e
d
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
Exp
o
siti
o
n
,
A
u
stin
,
T
X
,
2
0
0
8
,
p
p
.
9
8
7
-
9
9
1
.
[
1
0
]
A
.
Hin
a
F
a
th
i
m
a
e
t
a
l,
"
Op
ti
m
iz
a
ti
o
n
in
m
icro
g
rid
s
w
it
h
h
y
b
rid
e
n
e
rg
y
s
y
ste
m
s
»
.
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
"
V
IT
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
V
e
ll
o
re
,
In
d
ia,
2
0
1
5
.
[
1
1
]
M
.
Ja
m
il
,
R.
G
u
p
ta
a
n
d
M
.
S
i
n
g
h
,
"
A
re
v
ie
w
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
v
e
rt
e
r
to
p
o
lo
g
y
u
se
d
w
it
h
P
M
S
G
b
a
se
d
w
in
d
p
o
w
e
r
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
"
2
0
1
2
IEE
E
Fi
ft
h
Po
we
r
In
d
ia
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
M
u
rt
h
a
l,
2
0
1
2
,
p
p
.
1
-
6.
[
1
2
]
M
.
G
e
n
g
a
ra
j,
J.
Ja
sp
e
r
G
n
a
n
a
c
h
a
n
d
ra
n
,
"
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
o
f
a
sta
n
d
a
l
o
n
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
sy
ste
m
w
it
h
c
h
a
rg
e
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r
f
o
r
b
a
tt
e
ry
e
n
e
r
g
y
sto
ra
g
e
s
y
ste
m
,
"
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l
.
6
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
5
9
-
2
6
8
,
2
0
1
3
.
[
1
3
]
J.
Ka
se
ra
,
A
.
Ch
a
p
lo
t
a
n
d
J.
K.
M
a
h
e
rc
h
a
n
d
a
n
i,
"
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
s
im
u
latio
n
o
f
w
in
d
-
P
V
h
y
b
rid
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
u
sin
g
M
a
tl
a
b
/S
im
u
li
n
k
,
"
2
0
1
2
IEE
E
S
t
u
d
e
n
ts
'
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
El
e
c
trica
l,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
,
Bh
o
p
a
l,
2
0
1
2
,
p
p
.
1
-
4.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
A
P
E
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8792
Hyb
r
id
S
ystem
P
o
w
er Ge
n
era
t
io
n
'win
d
-
p
h
o
to
v
o
lta
ic'
…
(
Mi
d
a
Dri
s
)
17
[
1
4
]
S
.
M
e
e
n
a
k
sh
i,
K.
Ra
jam
b
a
l,
S
.
El
a
n
g
o
v
a
n
,
"
In
telli
g
e
n
t
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
r
f
o
r
sta
n
d
–
a
lo
n
e
h
y
b
rid
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
sy
st
e
m
,
"
IEE
E
M
a
y
.
2
0
0
6
.
[
1
5
]
S
.
M
e
e
n
a
k
sh
i,
K.
Ra
ja
m
b
a
l,
C.
Ch
e
ll
a
m
u
th
u
a
n
d
S
.
El
a
n
g
o
v
a
n
,
"
In
telli
g
e
n
t
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r
f
o
r
a
sta
n
d
-
a
lo
n
e
h
y
b
rid
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
,
"
2
0
0
6
I
EE
E
P
o
we
r
In
d
i
a
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
Ne
w
De
l
h
i,
2
0
0
6
,
p
p
.
8
p
p
.
-
.
[
1
6
]
Ch
risti
a
n
Ka
n
c
h
e
v
,
"
G
e
stio
n
d
e
s
f
lu
x
é
n
e
rg
é
ti
q
u
e
s
d
a
n
s
u
n
sy
stè
m
e
h
y
b
rid
e
d
e
so
u
rc
e
s
d
’é
n
e
rg
ie
re
n
o
u
v
e
lab
le
:
Op
ti
m
isa
ti
o
n
d
e
la
p
lan
if
ica
ti
o
n
o
p
é
ra
ti
o
n
n
e
ll
e
e
t
a
ju
ste
m
e
n
t
d
’u
n
m
i
c
ro
ré
se
a
u
é
le
c
tri
q
u
e
u
rb
a
i
n
"
,
d
o
c
to
ra
t
d
é
li
v
ré
sim
u
lt
a
n
é
m
e
n
t
p
a
r
l’éc
o
le ce
n
trale
d
e
L
il
le et l
’u
n
iv
e
rsité t
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
d
e
S
o
f
ia l
e
2
4
jan
v
ier 2
0
1
4
.
[
1
7
]
M
im
i
Be
late
l
e
t
A
b
d
e
lg
h
a
n
i
Ou
a
z
e
ta
,
"
S
tu
d
y
o
f
T
h
e
Di
ff
e
r
e
n
t
S
ta
g
e
s
o
f
A
H
y
b
rid
S
y
st
e
m
(P
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
W
in
d
F
u
e
l
Ce
ll
)
in
F
re
n
c
h
:
E
tu
d
e
d
e
s
d
if
fér
e
n
ts
é
ta
g
e
s
d
’
u
n
sy
stè
me
h
y
b
rid
e
(
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ï
q
u
e
–
é
o
li
e
n
–
p
il
e
à
c
o
mb
u
st
ib
le
)
,
"
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
S
c
ien
c
e
&
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ie
,
v
o
l.
14
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
1
,
Ja
n
u
a
ry
2
0
1
4
.
[
1
8
]
A
.
T
a
n
i,
M
.
B.
Ca
m
a
ra
a
n
d
B.
Da
k
y
o
,
"
En
e
rg
y
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
in
th
e
De
c
e
n
tralize
d
G
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
s
Ba
se
d
o
n
Re
n
e
wa
b
le
En
e
rg
y
—
Ultrac
a
p
a
c
i
to
rs
a
n
d
Ba
tt
e
ry
to
Co
m
p
e
n
sa
te
th
e
W
in
d
/L
o
a
d
P
o
w
e
r
F
lu
c
t
u
a
ti
o
n
s,"
i
n
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stry
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
5
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
8
1
7
-
1
8
2
7
,
M
a
rc
h
-
A
p
ril
2
0
1
5
.
[
1
9
]
A
d
it
i;
Dr.
A
.
K.
P
a
n
d
e
y
,
"
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
g
rid
c
o
n
n
e
c
te
d
P
V
W
in
d
Hy
b
rid
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
st
e
m
,
"
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
A
p
p
li
e
d
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
7
0
6
-
7
1
2
,
2
0
1
6
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.