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IJ
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s
u
s
ed
a
s
D
C
-
DC
ce
ll.
T
h
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
teg
r
ated
b
u
c
k
b
u
ck
–
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
i
s
ab
le
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
less
in
ter
m
ed
iate
b
u
s
v
o
ltag
e
.
Hen
ce
b
y
d
esi
g
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
ca
n
b
e
k
ep
t a
t c
o
n
s
tan
t v
a
lu
e
f
o
r
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
i
n
p
u
t v
alu
e
s
.
T
h
is
co
n
v
er
ter
is
ab
le
to
ac
h
ie
v
e:
I
n
th
e
ab
s
e
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
it h
a
s
L
o
w
i
n
ter
m
ed
iate
b
u
s
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
co
n
s
ta
n
t o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e.
I
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
s
i
n
g
le
s
w
i
t
ch
w
h
ich
r
ed
u
ce
s
t
h
e
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
o
f
g
ate
co
n
tr
o
l in
t
h
e
cir
cu
i
t.
T
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
w
il
l p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
lta
g
e.
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
o
n
l
y
o
n
ce
w
h
ic
h
lead
s
to
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
e
f
f
ic
ien
c
y
.
I
n
r
u
s
h
s
u
r
g
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
p
r
o
tectio
n
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
co
n
n
ec
ti
n
g
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
in
s
er
ie
s
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
w
i
th
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
.
T
h
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
co
n
tr
o
l
tech
n
i
q
u
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
u
ck
-
b
o
o
s
t
ac
-
d
c
co
n
v
er
ter
is
s
i
m
p
l
if
ied
f
o
r
th
e
s
w
itc
h
es
to
d
r
iv
e
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
is
also
r
eg
u
lated
b
y
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ll
er
.
A
s
a
r
esu
lt,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
is
o
p
er
ate
d
w
it
h
h
i
g
h
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
f
o
r
th
e
l
o
w
v
o
lta
g
e
ap
p
licatio
n
.
2.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
CIR
CUI
T
CO
NF
I
G
URAT
I
O
N
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
cir
cu
it
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fi
g
.
1
m
er
g
e
s
th
e
b
u
c
k
co
n
v
er
ter
an
d
th
e
b
u
c
k
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
w
h
er
e
b
u
ck
co
n
v
er
ter
is
u
s
e
d
as
P
FC
ce
ll
an
d
b
u
ck
-
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
i
s
u
s
ed
as
D
C
-
DC
ce
ll.
T
h
e
cir
cu
it
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
i
n
te
g
r
ated
b
u
ck
b
u
ck
-
b
o
o
s
t
C
o
n
v
er
ter
s
,
f
il
ter
,
MO
SF
E
T
s
w
itc
h
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
I
n
teg
r
ated
B
u
ck
B
u
c
k
-
B
o
o
s
t Co
n
v
er
ter
I
t
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
t
h
at
s
ig
n
al
to
th
e
g
ate
i
n
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
es
is
c
o
m
p
lica
ted
o
n
e
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
it
h
a
s
s
in
g
le
MO
S
FET
s
w
itc
h
s
o
co
m
p
lex
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
g
a
te
s
i
g
n
al
i
s
r
ed
u
ce
d
.
I
ts
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
s
er
ies
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
w
i
tc
h
-
d
io
d
e
p
air
w
it
h
a
r
eso
n
an
t c
ap
ac
ito
r
,
w
h
ic
h
is
o
p
er
ated
t
o
a
lo
s
s
-
le
s
s
s
n
u
b
b
er
ca
p
ac
ito
r
.
3.
ANALY
SI
S O
F
CO
NV
E
R
T
E
R
O
P
E
RA
T
I
O
N
T
o
an
al
y
ze
t
h
e
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
,
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
ar
e
m
ad
e:
(
i)
A
ll c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
i
n
th
e
cir
c
u
it i
s
k
ep
t
id
ea
l.
(
ii)
T
h
e
in
p
u
t v
o
lta
g
e
V
in
(
)
=V
p
ea
k
(
s
i
n
)
f
r
o
m
w
h
ic
h
Vp
ea
k
=p
ea
k
v
o
lta
g
e;=
p
h
a
s
e
an
g
le.
(
iii)
T
h
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
C
b
an
d
C
o
a
r
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
co
n
s
ta
n
t
D
C
s
o
u
r
ce
s
w
it
h
o
u
t
r
ip
p
les
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
ese
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
ar
e
s
u
f
f
icie
n
tl
y
lar
g
e.
(
iv
)
T
h
e
m
a
g
n
itu
d
e
o
f
t
h
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
is
k
ep
t
co
n
s
tan
t
w
i
th
i
n
th
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
p
er
io
d
b
ec
au
s
e
(
f
s
>f
)
w
h
er
e
f
s
=s
w
i
tch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
;
f
=li
n
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8792
IJ
A
P
E
Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
201
6
:
1
4
4
–
1
50
146
I
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
o
n
v
er
ter
(
L
1
,S
1
,D
1
,C
0
,C
b
)
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
b
u
ck
P
FC
ce
ll
an
d
(
L
2
,S
1
,D
2
,D
3
,C
0
,C
b
)
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
b
u
c
k
-
b
o
o
s
t
DC
-
DC
ce
ll.
T
h
er
e
is
n
o
c
u
r
r
en
t
f
lo
w
s
in
th
e
i
n
d
u
cto
r
L
1
,L
2
at
ea
ch
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
c
y
cle
b
ec
au
s
e
.
B
o
th
t
h
e
ce
lls
a
r
e
co
n
d
u
cted
in
DC
M(
D
is
co
n
t
in
u
o
u
s
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
d
e)
.
T
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
o
v
er
o
n
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
c
y
cle
i
s
d
iv
id
ed
in
t
o
t
w
o
m
o
d
es
o
f
o
p
er
at
io
n
d
u
e
to
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
b
u
ck
P
FC
ce
l
l.
A
.
Mo
d
e
1
[
V
in
(
)
<V
b
+V
o
]:
I
n
t
h
is
b
u
c
k
P
F
C
b
ec
o
m
e
s
i
n
a
ctiv
e
w
h
e
n
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
V
in
()
is
less
t
h
an
t
h
e
s
u
m
o
f
i
n
ter
m
ed
iate
b
u
s
v
o
lta
g
e
a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e.
So
th
e
b
u
ck
P
F
C
d
o
es
n
o
t
s
h
ap
e
th
e
lin
e
c
u
r
r
en
t.H
e
n
ce
,
o
n
l
y
b
u
c
k
–
b
o
o
s
t
DC
/D
C
ce
ll
d
eliv
er
th
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
to
th
e
lo
ad
.
I
n
th
e
h
a
lf
li
n
e
p
e
r
io
d
,
t
w
o
d
ea
d
an
g
le
zo
n
es
ar
e
p
r
esen
t
s
o
t
h
er
e
i
s
n
o
in
p
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
i
s
d
r
a
w
n
.
I
n
t
h
is
m
o
d
e
t
h
er
e
ar
e
th
r
ee
s
ta
g
e
s
av
ai
lab
le.
.
Fi
g
2
a,
2
b
,
2
c
r
ep
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
c
ir
cu
it
d
iag
r
a
m
.
Fi
g
3
a
r
ep
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
w
av
e
f
o
r
m
S
ta
g
e
1
(
d
1Ts
)
:I
n
t
h
is
s
ta
g
e
w
h
e
n
S
1
s
w
i
tch
is
t
u
r
n
ed
ON,
I
n
d
u
cto
r
L
2
g
ets
ch
ar
g
in
g
li
n
ea
r
l
y
b
y
i
n
ter
m
ed
iate
b
u
s
v
o
lta
g
e
Vb
.
D
2
d
io
d
e
is
co
n
d
u
cti
n
g
.
C
ap
ac
ito
r
C
o
d
eliv
e
r
s
th
e
p
o
w
er
to
lo
ad
.
Fig
2
a
r
ep
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
cir
cu
it
d
iag
r
a
m
.
S
ta
g
e
2
(
d
2Ts
)
:
I
n
th
i
s
s
ta
g
e
w
h
en
S
1
s
w
itc
h
is
tu
r
n
ed
OFF,
Dio
d
e
D
2
is
co
n
d
u
ct
in
g
.
T
h
e
ch
ar
g
e
s
to
r
ed
in
th
e
in
d
u
cto
r
L
2
i
s
r
elea
s
ed
to
ca
p
ac
ito
r
C
0
an
d
lo
ad
.
Fig
2
b
r
ep
r
e
s
en
t
s
th
e
cir
c
u
it d
iag
r
a
m
.
S
ta
g
e
3
(
d
3Ts
)
:
I
n
t
h
i
s
s
tag
e
i
L
2
is
to
tal
l
y
d
is
c
h
ar
g
ed
a
n
d
o
n
l
y
C
0
s
u
s
ta
in
th
e
lo
ad
cu
r
r
en
t
.
.
Fi
g
2
f
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
cir
cu
i
t d
iag
r
a
m
.
B
.
Mo
d
e
2
[
V
in
(
)
>V
b
+V
o
]:
I
n
th
is
m
o
d
e
t
h
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
is
g
r
ea
ter
th
a
n
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
in
ter
m
ed
iate
b
u
s
v
o
lta
g
e
a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
f
o
u
r
s
tag
e
s
av
ailab
le
in
t
h
i
s
m
o
d
e.
.
Fig
2
c,
2
d
,
2
e
an
d
2
f
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
cir
cu
it
d
iag
r
a
m
.
Fi
g
3
a
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
w
av
e
f
o
r
m
.
S
ta
g
e
1
(
d
1Ts
)
:
I
n
th
i
s
s
ta
g
e
s
witch
S
2
i
s
t
u
r
n
ed
ON
.
Her
e
t
h
e
in
d
u
cto
r
s
L
1
a
n
d
L
2
ar
e
c
h
a
r
g
ed
b
y
(
V
in
()
-
V
b
-
V
o
)
.
D2
d
io
d
e
is
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
.
T
h
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
C
b
g
ets c
h
ar
g
ed
li
n
ea
r
l
y
.
.
Fi
g
2
c
r
ep
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
cir
cu
it d
iag
r
a
m
.
S
ta
g
e
2
(
D2
Ts
)
: I
n
th
is
s
tag
e
s
w
i
tch
S1
is
t
u
r
n
ed
OF
F.
C
u
r
r
en
t
s
to
r
ed
in
th
e
i
n
d
u
cto
r
i
L
2
is
d
i
s
ch
ar
g
es li
n
ea
r
l
y
to
C
b
an
d
C
0
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
D
0
,
s
o
in
p
u
t
p
o
w
er
is
co
n
n
ec
te
d
d
ir
ec
tly
to
th
e
lo
ad
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
is
r
elea
s
ed
to
lo
ad
w
h
e
n
L
2
r
elea
s
ed
to
C
0
.
W
h
en
L
2
g
ets
f
u
ll
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ics.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Q.Z
h
a
o
,
F
.
C.
L
e
e
,
a
n
d
F
.
S
T
sa
i
‘‘
v
o
lt
a
g
e
a
n
d
c
u
rre
n
t
stre
ss
re
d
u
c
io
n
i
n
sin
g
le
sta
g
e
p
o
w
e
r
f
a
c
to
r
c
o
rre
c
ti
o
n
A
C/DC
[2
]
c
o
n
v
e
rters
w
it
h
b
u
lk
c
a
p
a
c
it
o
r
v
o
lt
a
g
e
fe
e
d
b
a
c
k
’’,
IEE
E
tran
s p
o
we
r
e
lec
tro
n
,
v
o
l
1
7
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
4
7
7
-
4
8
4
,
ju
l
2
0
0
2
.
[3
]
R.
Re
d
l
a
n
d
L
.
Ba
lo
g
h
,
‘‘
d
e
sig
n
c
o
n
sid
e
ra
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
sin
g
le
sta
g
e
iso
late
d
p
o
w
e
r
f
a
c
to
r
c
o
rre
c
ted
p
o
w
e
r
su
p
p
li
e
s
w
it
h
f
a
st
re
g
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
KI
a
n
d
L
U
:
A
HI
G
H
S
T
EP
DO
W
N
T
R
A
NSF
ORME
RL
ES
S
S
ING
L
E
S
TAG
E
S
ING
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E
S
W
I
T
CH
A
C/DC CO
N
V
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ER
4
5
v
o
lt
a
g
e
’’
in
p
ro
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IE
EE
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p
o
w
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tro
n
c
o
n
f
e
x
p
o
,
1
9
9
5
v
o
l
1
,
p
p
454
-
4
5
8
.
[4
]
L
.
A
n
to
n
i
o
,
B.
A
n
d
rs,
S
.
M
a
rin
a
,
S
.
Vic
e
n
t
e
a
n
d
O.E
m
il
io
,
‘‘Ne
w
p
o
w
e
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c
to
r
c
o
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ti
o
n
A
C
-
DC
c
o
n
v
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rter
w
it
h
re
d
u
c
e
d
S
to
ra
g
e
c
a
p
a
c
it
o
r
v
o
lt
a
g
e
’’,
IEE
E
tran
s
.
In
d
e
lec
tro
n
,
v
o
l.
5
4
n
o
1
,
p
p
3
8
4
-
3
9
7
,
f
e
b
2
0
0
7
.
[5
]
E.
H
Is
m
a
il
,
A
.
J
S
a
b
z
a
li
a
n
d
M
.
A.
A
l
-
s
a
ffa
r,
‘‘b
u
c
k
-
b
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st
ty
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ti
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ier
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x
ten
d
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d
v
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lt
a
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ra
ti
o
’’,
IE
EE
T
ra
n
s .
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n
d
E
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tro
n
,
V
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l.
5
5
,
n
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.
3
,
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P
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1
2
3
-
1
1
3
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,
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a
r
2
0
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.
[6
]
[5
]
C.
K
T
se
a
n
d
M
.
H.L
Ch
o
w
,
‘
S
’‘T
h
e
o
re
ti
c
a
l
stu
d
y
o
f
s
w
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ich
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g
p
o
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n
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w
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h
p
o
w
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ti
o
n
a
n
d
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t
p
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g
u
l
a
ti
o
n
’’,
IE
EE
T
ra
n
s circ
u
it
s sy
st1
,
f
u
n
d
a
m
th
e
o
ry
A
p
p
l,
Vo
l
4
7
,
n
o
7
P
P
1
0
4
7
-
1
0
5
5
Ju
l
2
0
0
0
.
[7
]
G
.
Hu
a
,
C.
S
Leu
Y.Z
ian
g
a
n
d
F
.
C
Ye
e
,
v
‘‘
No
v
e
l
Zero
v
o
lt
a
g
e
tran
siti
o
n
P
W
M
c
o
n
v
e
rters
’’
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
Vo
l.
9
n
o
.
2
,
P
P
2
1
3
-
2
1
9
,
M
a
r
1
9
9
4
.
[8
]
L
.
H.Dix
o
n
,
Hig
h
P
o
w
e
r
f
a
c
to
r
P
r
e
–
re
g
u
lato
rs f
o
r
o
f
f
-
li
n
e
p
o
w
e
r
su
p
p
ly
d
e
sig
n
se
m
,
1
9
9
0
,
S
E
M
1
9
9
0
P
P
I
2
.
1
-
I
2
.
6
.
[9
]
S
.
K.
Ki
a
n
d
D.D.C
lu
,
‘‘Im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
a
n
e
ff
icie
n
t
tran
s
fo
rm
e
r
les
s
sin
g
le
–
sta
g
e
sin
g
l
e
-
s
w
it
c
h
a
c
/d
c
c
o
n
v
e
rter’’,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
In
d
E
lec
tro
n
,
V
o
l.
5
7
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
P
P
4
0
9
5
-
4
1
0
5
,
De
c
.
2
0
1
0
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
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8792
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A
P
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Vo
l.
5
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3
,
Dec
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201
6
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[1
0
]
J.M
A
lo
n
so
,
M
.
A
Da
ll
a
c
o
sta
a
n
d
C.
o
rd
iz
‘‘In
teg
ra
ted
b
u
c
k
f
ly
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a
c
k
c
o
n
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s
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h
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h
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o
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r
f
a
c
to
r
o
ff
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n
e
p
o
w
e
r
su
p
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ly
’’
,
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E
T
ra
n
s .
In
d
.
El
e
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tro
n
,
Vo
l.
5
5
,
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.
3
,
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P
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1
0
9
0
-
1
1
0
0
,
M
a
r
2
0
0
8
.
[1
1
]
J.H
P
a
rk
,
H.G
Kim
,
E.
C
Nh
o
,
T
.
W
Ch
u
n
a
n
d
J.C
h
o
i,
’
G
rid
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
P
V
sy
ste
m
u
sin
g
a
q
u
a
si
-
z
-
so
u
rc
e
in
v
e
rter,’’i
n
p
r
o
c
.
IE
EE
A
DEC,
F
e
b
1
5
-
1
9
,
2
0
0
9
,
P
P
9
2
5
-
9
2
9
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.