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p
r
ese
n
ce
o
f
s
er
ie
s
co
m
p
en
s
a
ted
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
l
in
es.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
ai
m
s
to
d
ef
i
n
e
th
e
f
au
lt
y
li
n
e
ac
cu
r
atel
y
e
v
e
n
in
m
o
s
t
s
e
v
er
e
ca
s
es
w
ith
o
u
t
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
iter
ati
v
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
o
r
lin
e
p
ar
am
e
ter
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
e
m
e
is
f
ir
s
tl
y
p
r
esen
ted
as
lev
el
-
1
w
h
ic
h
is
b
ased
o
n
s
u
b
d
iv
id
in
g
t
h
e
n
et
wo
r
k
in
to
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
zo
n
es
w
it
h
P
MU
s
p
lace
d
o
n
l
y
at
th
eir
ter
m
i
n
als.
L
e
v
el
-
1
f
ir
s
tl
y
d
etec
t
s
th
e
f
a
u
lt
y
zo
n
e
th
en
th
e
f
a
u
lt
y
lin
e
i
n
a
t
w
o
-
s
tep
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
A
s
ec
o
n
d
lev
el
(
lev
el
-
2
)
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
w
h
ic
h
th
e
f
au
l
t
y
li
n
e
co
u
ld
d
etec
ted
in
a
s
in
g
l
e
s
tep
b
u
t
r
eq
u
ir
es
P
MU
s
p
lace
m
en
t
o
n
all
b
u
s
es.
B
o
th
p
r
o
tectio
n
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
w
er
e
ap
p
lied
to
W
ester
n
S
y
s
te
m
C
o
o
r
d
in
atin
g
C
o
u
n
ci
l
(
W
SC
C
)
9
-
b
u
s
s
y
s
te
m
a
n
d
Ne
w
E
n
g
la
n
d
(
NE
)
3
9
-
b
u
s
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
er
e
s
i
m
u
lated
u
s
in
g
M
A
T
L
A
B
/S
i
m
u
li
n
k
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
p
ac
k
a
g
es.
T
h
e
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
an
ized
a
s
f
o
llo
w
s
.
Sectio
n
2
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
m
ai
n
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alo
r
ith
m
.
Secti
o
n
3
p
r
esen
t
s
L
e
v
el
-
1
o
f
t
h
e
alg
o
r
it
h
m
an
d
i
t
s
m
at
h
e
m
a
tical
d
er
iv
at
io
n
a
n
d
th
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
r
es
u
lt
s
.
Secti
o
n
4
r
ep
ea
ts
th
e
s
a
m
e
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
f
o
r
le
v
el
-
2
.
A
co
m
p
ar
a
ti
v
e
s
t
u
d
y
i
s
p
r
esen
te
d
in
Sectio
n
5
.
Fin
a
ll
y
; c
o
n
cl
u
s
io
n
s
ar
e
d
er
iv
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
6
.
2.
M
AIN CO
NCEPT
O
F
T
H
E
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
AL
G
O
R
I
T
H
M
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
r
eq
u
i
r
es
P
MU
s
to
b
e
p
lace
d
at
th
e
ter
m
in
al
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
d
ef
i
n
ed
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
zo
n
es.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
ts
ac
q
u
ir
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
P
MU
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
ev
al
u
ate
t
h
e
p
o
s
iti
v
e
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
p
o
w
er
e
n
ter
i
n
g
an
d
leav
in
g
ea
ch
zo
n
e
w
h
ich
is
eq
u
al
to
th
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
ed
b
y
t
h
e
lo
ad
s
w
it
h
i
n
th
at
zo
n
e.
T
h
e
ab
s
o
lu
te
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
o
f
t
h
o
s
e
p
o
w
er
s
is
n
a
m
ed
as
“
P
o
s
itiv
e
Seq
u
en
ce
P
o
w
er
I
n
d
e
x
”
o
r
(
P
SP
I
)
.
Du
r
in
g
n
o
r
m
al
o
p
er
atio
n
,
t
h
e
P
SP
I
is
eq
u
al
to
t
h
e
lo
ad
p
o
w
er
a
n
d
th
e
p
o
w
er
lo
s
t
ac
r
o
s
s
t
h
e
li
n
es
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
zo
n
e.
Sin
ce
t
h
e
li
n
e
lo
s
s
es
ar
e
n
eg
l
i
g
ib
le
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
’
s
p
o
w
er
,
th
e
P
SP
I
w
ill
b
e
eq
u
al
to
lo
ad
p
o
w
er
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
zo
n
e.
D
u
r
i
n
g
n
o
r
m
al
o
p
er
atio
n
,
th
e
lo
ad
p
o
w
er
i
s
co
m
p
u
ted
b
ased
o
n
P
MU
s
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
an
d
i
s
u
s
ed
to
u
p
d
ate
th
e
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
v
alu
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
f
a
u
lt
d
etec
tio
n
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
w
h
e
n
a
f
a
u
lt
o
cc
u
r
s
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
tecte
d
zo
n
e,
th
e
P
SP
I
w
ill
r
is
e
g
r
ea
tl
y
ab
o
v
e
u
s
u
a
l
lo
ad
p
o
w
er
an
d
ab
o
v
e
th
e
th
r
e
s
h
o
ld
v
al
u
e
s
h
o
w
i
n
g
t
h
at
a
n
ad
d
itio
n
al
ele
m
e
n
t
h
a
s
b
ee
n
a
d
d
ed
in
to
th
e
zo
n
e
t
h
at
i
s
co
n
s
u
m
in
g
h
i
g
h
p
o
w
er
.
He
n
ce
,
f
au
lt
is
d
etec
ted
.
S
u
c
h
clai
m
w
il
l b
e
m
at
h
e
m
a
ticall
y
p
r
o
v
en
an
d
s
i
m
u
lated
to
v
alid
ate
it.
3.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
AL
G
O
R
I
T
H
M
(
L
E
V
E
L
-
1)
L
e
v
el
-
1
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
e
x
ec
u
ted
in
t
w
o
s
tep
s
;
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
u
s
es
P
SP
I
to
f
in
d
th
e
f
a
u
lt
y
zo
n
e.
I
n
s
tep
t
w
o
,
th
e
p
o
s
iti
v
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
v
o
lta
g
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
ts
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
th
e
P
MU
s
lo
c
ated
at
th
e
ter
m
i
n
al
o
f
th
e
f
a
u
lt
y
zo
n
e
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
;
th
e
b
u
s
w
it
h
th
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
p
o
s
itiv
e
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
v
o
lta
g
e
w
il
l
b
e
th
e
b
u
s
clo
s
est
to
th
e
f
a
u
lt.
He
n
ce
,
th
e
li
n
e
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
at
b
u
s
is
t
h
e
f
a
u
lt
y
lin
e.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
v
al
id
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
f
ir
s
tl
y
a
m
at
h
e
m
ati
ca
l a
n
al
y
s
is
i
s
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
th
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
r
e
s
u
lt
s
.
3
.
1
.
M
a
t
he
m
a
t
ica
l
deriv
a
t
io
n
A
s
i
m
p
le
elec
tr
ica
l
n
et
w
o
r
k
w
o
u
l
d
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
.
T
o
ap
p
ly
P
SP
I
as
a
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
to
o
l,
it s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
d
ef
in
i
n
g
i
n
ter
n
al
f
a
u
lts
o
n
l
y
as
f
o
llo
w
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Si
m
p
le
elec
tr
ical
n
et
w
o
r
k
3
.
1
.
1
N
o
f
a
ult
o
r
ex
t
er
na
l f
a
ult
T
h
e
P
SP
I
w
as
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
d
ef
in
ed
as
t
h
e
ab
s
o
l
u
te
d
i
f
f
er
en
c
e
o
f
p
o
s
iti
v
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
p
o
w
er
s
ac
r
o
s
s
a
zo
n
e.
B
y
co
n
s
id
er
i
n
g
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
p
r
esen
ted
n
et
w
o
r
k
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
1
as
a
g
e
n
er
al
zo
n
e
w
it
h
P
MU
s
p
lace
d
o
n
b
u
s
es
A
an
d
C
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
o
f
w
i
ll
f
ir
s
tl
y
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
P
SP
I
ac
r
o
s
s
A
B
th
e
n
it
w
i
ll
b
e
ex
ten
d
ed
ac
r
o
s
s
AC
.
I
t
co
u
ld
b
e
n
o
ted
th
at
th
e
p
o
s
iti
v
e
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
p
o
w
er
r
ec
ei
v
ed
at
b
u
s
B
f
r
o
m
A
i
s
eq
u
al
to
n
e
g
ati
v
e
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
B
to
A
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
P
SP
I
co
u
ld
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
f
o
r
L
in
e
A
B
as
f
o
llo
ws:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
A
p
p
l
P
o
w
er
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8792
A
w
id
e
a
r
ea
fa
u
lt d
etec
tio
n
a
l
g
o
r
ith
m
fo
r
tr
a
n
s
mis
s
io
n
n
etw
o
r
ks e
q
u
ip
p
ed
…
(
Mo
h
a
med
A
.
E
b
r
a
h
im
)
51
|
|
(
1
)
W
h
er
e:
p
o
s
.
s
eq
.
p
o
w
er
s
s
en
t
f
r
o
m
b
u
s
A
to
B
an
d
b
u
s
B
to
A
r
e
s
p
ec
tiv
el
y
.
an
d
co
u
ld
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
&
(
2
)
W
h
er
e
p
o
s
.
s
eq
.
v
o
ltag
es
f
o
r
b
u
s
A
an
d
B
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
:
p
o
s
.
s
eq
.
cu
r
r
en
ts
f
lo
w
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
b
u
s
A
to
B
,
an
d
f
r
o
m
B
to
A
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
co
s
in
e
th
e
an
g
le
o
f
th
e
p
h
ase
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
an
d
,
an
d
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
Si
n
ce
al
l
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
en
t
f
r
o
m
b
u
s
A
is
r
ec
eiv
ed
b
y
b
u
s
B
s
o
it c
o
u
ld
b
e
s
tated
th
at
⃑
⃑
.
Hen
ce
:
(
3
)
W
h
er
e
ar
e
th
e
p
h
ase
an
g
le
s
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
s
an
d
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
en
w
it
h
t
h
e
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
o
f
E
q
u
atio
n
(
3
)
,
co
u
ld
b
e
ca
lc
u
lated
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
(
)
(
4
)
W
h
er
e
is
th
e
p
h
ase
an
g
le
o
f
.
Sin
ce
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
d
r
o
p
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
lin
e
is
r
elativ
e
l
y
s
m
all
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
b
u
s
v
o
ltag
e.
I
t
co
u
ld
b
e
ass
u
m
ed
t
h
at
b
o
t
h
an
d
ar
e
eq
u
al
o
r
th
at
an
d
|
|
|
|
E
q
u
atio
n
(
4
)
co
u
ld
b
e
r
ew
r
itte
n
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
=
=
(
5
)
B
y
s
u
b
s
t
itu
tin
g
t
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ap
p
r
o
x
im
a
tio
n
s
w
h
er
e
|
|
|
|
,
th
e
m
ag
n
it
u
d
es
o
f
an
d
eq
u
atio
n
(
5
)
i
n
to
eq
u
atio
n
(
2
)
,
w
e
g
e
t:
o
r
s
i
m
p
l
y
.
T
h
en
|
|
(
6
)
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
co
u
ld
b
e
co
n
clu
d
ed
in
ca
s
e
o
f
no
-
f
au
lt
co
n
d
itio
n
;
th
e
P
SP
I
f
o
r
A
B
w
i
ll
b
e
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
atel
y
eq
u
a
l
to
ze
r
o
.
T
h
e
n
ex
t
s
tep
is
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
P
SP
I
f
o
r
th
e
en
tire
zo
n
e
w
it
h
P
MU
s
o
n
l
y
p
lace
d
ac
r
o
s
s
b
u
s
A
an
d
C
o
n
l
y
:
|
|
(
7
)
W
h
er
e
is
p
o
s
.
s
eq
.
p
o
w
er
s
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
b
u
s
A
to
B
a
n
d
C
to
B
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
Fo
r
b
alan
ce
d
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
o
f
p
o
w
er
i
s
eq
u
al
to
th
e
ac
tu
al
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
t
h
at,
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
s
en
t
f
r
o
m
b
u
s
es
A
a
n
d
C
w
ill
b
e
e
q
u
al
to
th
e
p
o
w
er
d
eliv
er
ed
to
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
elec
tr
ical
lo
ad
s
a
n
d
th
e
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
e
s
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
li
n
es
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
zo
n
e.
|
|
|
|
|
|
(
8
)
w
h
er
e
ar
e
th
e
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
es
o
f
th
e
li
n
es
A
B
a
n
d
B
C
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
is
th
e
ac
ti
v
e
lo
ad
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
ed
b
y
t
h
e
lo
ad
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
b
u
s
B
.
As
p
r
o
v
en
ea
r
lier
,
th
e
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
es
o
f
th
e
li
n
e
A
B
a
n
d
s
i
m
ilar
l
y
B
C
ar
e
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
atel
y
ze
r
o
f
o
r
n
o
-
f
au
l
t c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
en
E
q
u
atio
n
(
8
)
co
u
ld
b
e
r
e
w
r
itte
n
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
|
|
|
|
(
9
)
3
.
1
.
2
I
nte
rna
l
f
a
ult
I
n
th
i
s
ca
s
e
f
o
r
lin
e
A
B
,
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
b
u
s
A
w
ill
n
o
t
b
e
f
u
ll
y
r
ec
ei
v
ed
b
y
b
u
s
B
d
u
e
to
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
a
f
au
lt
.
I
n
t
h
at
ca
s
e,
th
er
e
w
o
u
ld
b
e
t
w
o
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
f
lo
w
i
n
g
;
o
n
e
f
r
o
m
b
u
s
A
to
th
e
f
a
u
lt
p
o
in
t
a
n
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
o
n
e
f
r
o
m
b
u
s
B
to
th
e
f
a
u
lt p
o
in
t.
So
,
f
o
r
i
n
d
u
cti
v
e
lo
ad
s
w
it
h
u
n
co
m
p
e
n
s
ated
li
n
es:
&
(
1
0
)
W
h
ile
f
o
r
s
er
ies
co
m
p
e
n
s
a
ted
lin
es,
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
th
e
ca
p
ac
i
tiv
e
p
ar
ts
i
n
th
e
f
lo
w
i
n
g
c
u
r
r
en
ts
co
u
ld
b
e
tak
e
n
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t b
y
ex
te
n
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
an
g
e
as
f
lo
w
s
:
&
(
1
1
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8792
I
nt
J
A
p
p
l
P
o
w
er
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
1
,
A
p
r
il 2
0
1
9
:
4
9
–
60
52
T
h
u
s
b
o
th
an
d
w
ill
al
w
a
y
s
h
av
e
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
v
a
lu
e
ev
e
n
w
i
th
th
e
ex
is
te
n
ce
o
f
s
er
ies
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
o
n
th
e
li
n
es.
Hen
ce
,
it
co
u
ld
b
e
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
b
o
th
w
ill
al
w
a
y
s
h
av
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
v
a
lu
e
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it c
o
u
ld
b
e
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
at:
|
|
=
(
1
2
)
Sin
ce
i
n
ca
s
e
o
f
f
au
l
ts
,
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
ts
r
i
s
e
to
v
er
y
h
ig
h
v
al
u
es
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
h
ea
lth
y
o
p
er
atio
n
,
it
i
s
ex
p
ec
ted
th
at
b
o
th
w
i
ll
b
e
o
f
m
u
ch
h
i
g
h
er
v
al
u
e
a
s
co
m
p
a
r
ed
to
th
eir
v
al
u
es
d
u
r
i
n
g
h
ea
lth
y
o
p
er
atio
n
.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
P
SP
I
in
ca
s
e
o
f
f
au
l
t
w
ill
b
e
o
f
v
er
y
h
ig
h
d
etec
tab
le
v
alu
e.
T
o
ex
te
n
d
th
e
p
r
o
o
f
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
en
t
ir
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
li
n
e
B
C
i
s
also
co
n
s
id
er
ed
b
y
r
ea
p
p
l
y
i
n
g
c
o
n
d
itio
n
(
1
1
)
to
lin
e
B
C
as g
i
v
en
in
(
1
3
)
.
&
(
1
3
)
T
h
u
s
,
b
o
th
an
d
w
ill
al
w
a
y
s
h
av
e
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
v
al
u
e
ev
e
n
w
i
th
th
e
ex
i
s
te
n
ce
o
f
s
er
ies
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
o
n
t
h
e
li
n
es.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
b
o
th
w
il
l
alw
a
y
s
h
av
e
p
o
s
iti
v
e
v
al
u
e
s
an
d
th
e
r
esu
lti
n
g
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
es a
cr
o
s
s
l
in
e
A
B
w
ill
b
e
o
f
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
v
alu
e
as
it i
n
cl
u
d
es t
h
e
p
o
w
er
l
o
s
s
es c
o
n
s
u
m
ed
b
y
th
e
f
a
u
lt.
He
n
ce
,
it c
o
u
ld
b
e
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
a
t:
|
|
=
(
1
4
)
B
y
co
m
p
ar
i
n
g
t
h
e
P
SP
I
v
alu
e
in
ca
s
e
o
f
in
ter
n
al
f
au
lt
as
s
t
ated
in
(
1
4
)
w
ith
t
h
e
P
SP
I
v
a
lu
e
in
t
h
e
ev
en
t
o
f
n
o
f
au
lt
as
i
n
d
icate
d
in
(
9
)
,
it
is
clea
r
th
at
in
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
f
au
l
t
,
th
e
P
SP
I
w
ill
r
is
e
b
y
a
v
al
u
e
eq
u
al
to
w
h
ich
w
i
ll
b
e
o
f
v
er
y
h
i
g
h
d
etc
tab
le
v
alu
e
d
u
e
to
f
a
u
lt
p
r
esen
ce
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
th
is
p
r
o
o
f
is
ap
p
licab
le
to
o
th
er
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
s
u
b
-
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
as lo
n
g
as o
n
l
y
o
n
e
u
n
m
o
n
i
to
r
ed
b
u
s
is
allo
w
ed
p
er
zo
n
e.
3
.
2
T
hresh
o
ld
s
elec
t
io
n c
rit
e
rio
n
Ma
th
e
m
atica
l
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
f
o
r
a
lin
e
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
v
al
u
e
is
f
ir
s
tl
y
p
r
ese
n
ted
to
b
e
u
s
ed
in
d
er
iv
in
g
a
m
at
h
e
m
a
tical
f
o
r
m
u
la
f
o
r
t
h
e
th
r
es
h
o
ld
v
al
u
e
o
f
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
zo
n
es.
T
h
e
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
v
a
lu
e
o
f
a
lin
e
w
h
ic
h
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ex
ce
ed
ed
o
n
ly
i
n
ca
s
e
o
f
f
a
u
lt
y
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
co
u
ld
b
e
g
iv
e
n
as:
T
h
r
esh
o
ld
=
|
|
|
|
(
1
5
)
W
h
er
e
ar
e
p
o
s
.
s
eq
.
p
o
w
er
s
s
en
t
f
r
o
m
b
u
s
e
s
A
to
B
an
d
B
to
A
i
n
h
ea
lt
h
y
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
r
e
s
p
ec
tiv
el
y
.
S
in
ce
t
h
e
e
x
p
ec
ted
f
a
u
lt
p
o
w
er
f
o
r
o
n
e
li
n
e
(
s
tated
i
n
(
1
2
)
)
is
f
o
r
3
p
h
ase
f
au
l
ts
,
t
h
e
n
th
e
e
x
p
ec
ted
f
a
u
lt
p
o
w
er
f
o
r
s
i
n
g
le
-
p
h
ase
f
a
u
lts
w
ill
b
e
ar
o
u
n
d
o
n
e
-
th
ir
d
th
at
v
al
u
e.
Si
n
ce
th
e
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
v
al
u
e
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
lo
w
er
th
a
n
all
e
x
p
ec
ted
f
au
lt
p
o
w
er
s
,
it
w
a
s
s
ele
cted
as
o
n
e
-
f
o
u
r
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
v
a
lu
e
s
tated
in
(
1
2
)
as
g
iv
e
n
in
(
1
5
)
.
T
h
e
th
r
es
h
o
ld
v
alu
e
is
s
til
l
m
u
c
h
h
i
g
h
er
t
h
a
n
o
f
n
o
n
-
f
a
u
lt
y
co
n
d
itio
n
p
o
w
er
w
h
ic
h
i
s
ar
o
u
n
d
ze
r
o
.
T
o
ca
lcu
late
th
e
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
f
o
r
th
e
w
h
o
le
zo
n
e
t
h
at
w
o
u
ld
r
eq
u
ir
e
th
e
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
co
n
s
u
m
ed
b
y
t
h
e
lo
ad
s
w
it
h
i
n
th
e
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
zo
n
e.
A
s
p
r
o
v
e
n
b
ef
o
r
e
f
o
r
no
-
lo
ad
/ e
x
ter
n
al
f
au
lt c
o
n
d
itio
n
,
it is
ex
p
ec
ted
f
o
r
th
e
P
SP
I
to
b
e
eq
u
al
.
W
h
ile
f
o
r
in
ter
n
al
f
a
u
lt
co
n
d
itio
n
,
it
i
s
s
u
p
p
o
s
ed
to
b
e
m
u
ch
h
i
g
h
er
th
an
as
ex
p
r
ess
ed
in
(
1
4
)
.
He
n
ce
,
it
is
lo
g
ical
to
s
h
i
f
t
th
e
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
s
ettin
g
v
al
u
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
(
1
5
)
b
y
an
a
m
o
u
n
t e
q
u
al
to
as sh
o
w
n
i
n
(
1
6
)
.
T
h
r
esh
o
ld
=
|
|
|
|
(
1
6
)
B
y
s
u
b
s
t
itu
tin
g
E
q
u
atio
n
(
9
)
in
to
(
1
6
)
,
w
e
ca
n
r
e
w
r
ite
t
h
e
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
T
h
r
esh
o
ld
=
|
|
|
|
(
1
7
)
W
h
er
e
ar
e
p
o
s
.
s
eq
.
p
o
w
er
s
s
en
t
f
r
o
m
b
u
s
A
to
B
an
d
f
r
o
m
b
u
s
C
to
B
in
h
ea
lth
y
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
Du
r
in
g
n
o
f
a
u
lt
o
r
ex
ter
n
al
f
au
lt,
th
e
P
SP
I
is
a
p
p
r
o
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im
atel
y
eq
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a
l
to
th
e
an
d
th
e
ca
lc
u
lated
P
SP
I
is
f
a
r
b
elo
w
th
e
s
elec
ted
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
.
W
h
ile
f
o
r
i
n
ter
n
al
f
a
u
lt,
t
h
e
P
SP
I
v
alu
e
is
m
o
r
e
t
h
a
n
th
e
th
r
es
h
o
ld
v
al
u
e
b
y
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
m
ar
g
i
n
.
T
h
is
th
r
es
h
o
ld
is
u
p
d
ated
o
n
r
eg
u
l
ar
p
er
io
d
ic
b
asis
to
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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p
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2252
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8792
A
w
id
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a
r
ea
fa
u
lt d
etec
tio
n
a
l
g
o
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ith
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tr
a
n
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s
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etw
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q
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(
Mo
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b
r
a
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)
53
en
s
u
r
e
t
h
at
lo
ad
p
o
w
er
i
s
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
l
y
u
p
d
ated
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
co
p
e
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it
h
d
if
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er
en
t
v
ar
iat
i
o
n
s
o
f
d
ail
y
p
o
w
er
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ad
s
.
T
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
co
u
ld
id
e
n
ti
f
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
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ad
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ased
o
n
g
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ad
u
al
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cr
ea
s
e
i
n
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p
o
w
e
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an
d
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
ates
th
at
i
n
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
v
alu
e
i
n
(
1
7
)
.
Su
c
h
ca
s
e
i
n
s
i
m
u
lated
i
n
ca
s
e
o
f
lo
ad
en
cr
o
ac
h
m
e
n
t
a
s
i
t
w
il
l
b
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
th
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
s
ec
t
io
n
.
W
h
ile
i
n
ca
s
e
o
f
f
a
u
lt
s
,
th
e
s
u
d
d
en
a
n
d
lar
g
e
ch
an
g
e
i
n
lo
ad
is
d
etec
ted
an
d
d
ef
in
ed
as f
a
u
lts
.
3.
3
.
Z
o
ne
s
elec
t
io
n c
rit
er
io
n
W
h
en
th
e
f
au
l
t
y
zo
n
e
is
id
en
t
if
ied
u
s
in
g
P
SP
I
,
o
n
l
y
th
e
pos
.
s
eq
.
v
o
ltag
es
o
f
th
e
ter
m
i
n
al
b
u
s
es
ar
e
av
ailab
le
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
P
MU
s
lo
ca
ted
at
th
e
ter
m
i
n
al
b
u
s
e
s
o
f
th
e
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
zo
n
e.
I
f
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
u
n
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
b
u
s
is
lo
ca
ted
in
th
at
zo
n
e
an
d
th
at
b
u
s
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
all
ter
m
i
n
al
b
u
s
e
s
,
th
e
n
it
w
ill
b
e
a
co
m
m
o
n
b
u
s
f
o
r
all
ex
p
ec
ted
f
a
u
lt
y
l
in
e
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
w
o
u
ld
o
n
l
y
r
eq
u
ir
e
t
h
e
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
pos
.
s
eq
.
v
o
lt
ag
es
a
t
t
h
e
ter
m
i
n
al
b
u
s
es to
d
ef
i
n
e
t
h
e
f
a
u
lt
y
li
n
e.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
f
o
r
zo
n
e
s
elec
tio
n
ar
e:
1.
On
l
y
o
n
e
u
n
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
b
u
s
i
s
allo
w
ed
p
er
zo
n
e.
2.
T
h
e
u
n
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
b
u
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
all
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
b
u
s
es.
3.
In
ca
s
e
of
s
er
ies
co
m
p
e
n
s
ated
lin
es
o
r
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
a
g
e
n
er
at
o
r
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
li
n
e,
P
MU
s
ar
e
p
lace
d
o
n
b
o
th
ter
m
i
n
als o
f
t
h
e
li
n
e.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
co
n
d
it
i
o
n
s
,
it
co
u
ld
b
e
u
s
ed
to
s
et
a
m
at
h
e
m
a
tical
f
o
r
m
u
la
to
d
ef
in
e
th
e
b
u
s
e
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
b
e
e
q
u
ip
p
ed
w
it
h
P
MU
s
.
E
v
en
m
o
r
e,
an
o
p
tim
iz
atio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
u
s
ed
to
s
et
th
e
m
i
n
i
m
al
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
P
MU
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
3
.
3
.
1
O
pti
m
iza
t
io
n o
f
t
he
nu
m
b
er
o
f
t
he
re
qu
ired
P
M
Us:
Fo
r
an
y
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
i
th
“n
”
b
u
s
es,
th
e
m
ai
n
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ct
io
n
is
to
m
i
n
i
m
ize
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
P
MU
s
n
a
m
ed
as
“
x
”
∑
(
1
8
)
Wh
er
e
“
i”
is
th
e
b
u
s
n
u
m
b
er
,
“
b
”
i
s
a
b
in
ar
y
v
ar
iab
le
w
it
h
a
v
al
u
e
o
f
ze
r
o
in
ca
s
e
t
h
at
t
h
er
e
is
n
o
P
MU
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
b
u
s
o
r
1
in
ca
s
e
a
P
MU
is
co
n
n
ec
te
d
.
T
h
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
s
u
b
j
ec
t
to
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
t
h
at
f
o
r
u
n
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
b
u
s
“k
”
w
h
er
e
(
)
,
all
th
e
b
u
s
es
co
n
n
ec
te
d
to
it
m
u
s
t
b
e
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
to
co
m
p
ly
w
it
h
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
zo
n
e
s
e
lectio
n
cr
iter
i
o
n
.
T
h
at
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
m
at
h
e
m
a
ticall
y
b
y
d
ef
i
n
i
n
g
a
v
ar
i
ab
le
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
∑
(
(
1
9
)
W
h
er
e
is
a
v
ar
iab
le
eq
u
als
1
in
ca
s
e
a
lin
e
ex
is
ts
b
et
w
ee
n
b
u
s
es
“
k
”
an
d
“
i”
o
th
er
w
is
e
e
q
u
als
to
ze
r
o
.
T
o
s
atis
f
y
t
h
e
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
t,
m
u
s
t
b
e
eq
u
al
to
ze
r
o
o
th
er
wis
e
it
m
ea
n
s
th
er
e
w
ill
b
e
a
u
n
-
o
b
s
er
v
ab
le
b
u
s
.
B
ef
o
r
e
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
t
h
e
al
g
o
r
ith
m
,
all
g
e
n
er
ato
r
b
u
s
es
ar
e
e
q
u
ip
p
ed
w
it
h
P
MU
s
.
T
h
e
r
es
u
lts
o
f
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
P
MU
s
ar
e
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
iza
tio
n
w
a
s
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
u
s
in
g
n
o
n
l
i
n
ea
r
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
i
n
g
s
o
lv
er
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
G
A
M
S e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t so
f
t
w
ar
e
p
ac
k
ag
e.
T
ab
le
1
.
Nu
m
b
er
o
f
th
e
R
eq
u
i
r
ed
P
MU
s
T
e
st
S
y
st
e
m
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
P
M
U
s
B
u
se
s e
q
u
i
p
p
e
d
w
i
t
h
P
M
U
s
W
S
C
C
9
-
b
u
s
4
7
,
8
,
9
,
4
I
EEE
1
4
-
bus
8
1
,
2
,
4
,
5
,
6
,
9
,
1
0
,
1
3
N
E
3
9
-
b
u
s
18
2
,
4
,
6
,
8
,
1
0
,
1
1
,
1
3
,
1
4
,
1
6
,
1
7
,
1
8
,
1
9
,
2
2
,
2
3
,
2
5
,
2
6
,
2
9
,
3
9
I
EEE
57
-
bus
32
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
,
6
,
8
,
9
,
1
1
,
1
2
,
1
3
,
1
4
,
1
9
,
2
1
,
2
2
,
2
4
,
2
7
,
2
9
,
3
0
,
3
1
,
3
3
,
3
4
,
3
6
,
3
8
,
3
9
,
4
1
,
4
5
,
4
7
,
4
9
,
5
1
,
5
3
,
5
5
,
5
6
T
h
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
P
MU
s
co
u
ld
b
e
f
u
r
t
h
er
l
y
r
ed
u
ce
d
u
s
i
n
g
o
p
ti
m
al
r
ed
u
ctio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
;
h
o
w
e
v
er
,
th
i
s
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
m
a
y
lead
to
m
o
r
e
t
h
an
o
n
e
u
n
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
b
u
s
w
it
h
in
a
zo
n
e
w
h
ich
r
eq
u
ir
es
ite
r
ativ
e
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
to
id
en
ti
f
y
t
h
e
f
a
u
lt
y
b
u
s
r
esu
lti
n
g
in
d
eter
io
r
atio
n
i
n
th
e
W
A
B
P
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
3
.
4
Si
m
ula
t
io
n
r
es
ults
T
w
o
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
b
en
ch
m
ar
k
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
er
e
s
elec
ted
as
t
esti
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
s
;
T
h
e
W
SC
C
9
-
b
u
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
w
it
h
its
d
ata
p
r
o
v
id
ed
i
n
[
9
]
an
d
t
h
e
NE
3
9
-
b
u
s
s
y
s
te
m
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
iu
r
e
3
w
i
th
its
d
ata
f
r
o
m
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
s
er
ies
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
le
v
el
w
a
s
s
et
to
6
0
%
an
d
7
0
%
f
o
r
9
-
b
u
s
a
n
d
NE
3
9
-
b
u
s
s
y
s
te
m
s
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
e
P
MU
s
w
er
e
m
o
d
eled
w
i
th
a
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
r
ate
o
f
5
0
f
r
a
m
e
s
/s
ec
o
n
d
f
o
r
5
0
Hz
s
y
s
te
m
o
r
s
i
m
p
l
y
1
f
r
a
m
e/c
y
cle
a
s
d
e
f
in
ed
i
n
I
E
E
E
C
3
7
.
1
1
8
.
1
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
w
a
s
te
s
ted
u
n
d
er
s
tr
ess
ed
co
n
d
itio
n
s
in
c
lu
d
i
n
g
v
o
lta
g
e/
cu
r
r
en
t
in
v
er
s
io
n
,
v
ar
io
u
s
co
m
p
e
n
s
a
tio
n
lev
e
ls
,
v
ar
iab
le
f
au
lt
lo
ca
tio
n
s
,
s
tab
le
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8792
I
nt
J
A
p
p
l
P
o
w
er
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
1
,
A
p
r
il 2
0
1
9
:
4
9
–
60
54
p
o
w
er
s
w
i
n
g
a
n
d
lo
ad
en
cr
o
ac
h
m
e
n
t.
T
ab
le
2
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
zo
n
e;
t
h
e
li
n
es
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
w
i
th
i
n
ea
c
h
ar
ea
,
an
d
th
eir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
s
w
er
e
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
(
1
7
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
W
SC
C
9
-
b
u
s
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ys
te
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Fig
u
r
e
3
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3
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b
u
s
s
ys
te
m
T
ab
le
2
.
P
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I
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2
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ig
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w
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4.
P
RO
P
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D
AL
G
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R
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T
H
M
(
L
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L
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o
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ith
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er
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e
m
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o
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d
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as
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s
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o
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in
(
7
)
,
(
1
2
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f
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le
3
.
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h
e
R
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s
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ter
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w
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t
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r
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d
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ir
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at
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n
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s
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n
.
T
ab
le
3
.
P
r
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p
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s
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A
lg
o
r
ith
m
(
L
e
v
el
-
2
)
T
h
r
esh
o
ld
Valu
e
s
W
S
C
C
9
-
b
u
s
sy
st
e
m
L
i
n
e
78
89
69
64
45
57
T
h
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e
sh
o
l
d
(
p
.
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.
)
0
.
2
0
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1
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0
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1
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1
5
0
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2
0
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1
N
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3
9
-
b
u
s sy
st
e
m
L
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n
e
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
T
h
r
e
sh
o
l
d
(
p
.
u
.
)
1
11
3
2
1
.
5
12
1
2
1
.
6
1
.
8
1
.
6
3
.
5
L
i
n
e
14
15
16
17
18
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
T
h
r
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sh
o
l
d
(
p
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.
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.
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5
1
2
.
8
2
.
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.
7
1
L
i
n
e
29
30
34
35
37
39
41
42
43
44
T
h
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e
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o
l
d
(
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.
)
22
11
4
.
7
1
2
.
7
1
2
1
.
1
1
.
5
2
.
6
5.
CO
M
P
ARATI
VE
S
T
UDY
T
o
ex
p
r
ess
th
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
a
co
m
p
ar
at
iv
e
s
tu
d
y
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
t
w
o
m
ai
n
s
u
b
s
ec
tio
n
s
;
co
m
p
ar
ati
v
e
s
tu
d
y
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
cu
r
r
en
t
d
if
f
er
e
n
tial
p
r
o
tecti
o
n
an
d
co
n
ce
r
n
i
n
g
p
r
ev
io
u
s
W
A
B
P
s
ch
e
m
e
s
.
5
.
1
Co
m
pa
ra
t
iv
e
s
t
ud
y
co
ncer
nin
g
diff
er
ent
ia
l pro
t
ec
t
io
n
I
t
is
es
s
en
t
ial
to
ev
al
u
ate
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
b
ased
o
n
it
s
p
r
i
m
ar
y
tas
k
w
h
ich
in
ten
d
s
t
o
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
w
id
e
ar
ea
b
ased
b
ac
k
u
p
p
r
o
tectio
n
th
at
d
o
esn
’
t
r
ep
lace
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
b
ac
k
u
p
p
r
o
tectio
n
b
u
t
r
ath
er
p
r
ev
en
ts
it
f
r
o
m
m
alo
p
er
atio
n
.
S
u
ch
a
tr
en
d
w
a
s
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
ad
o
p
ted
b
y
[
4
,
8
,
9
]
.
On
s
u
c
h
b
as
is
,
t
h
e
P
SP
I
-
b
ased
s
ch
e
m
e
s
co
u
ld
b
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t d
i
f
f
er
en
tia
l p
r
o
tectio
n
(
DP
)
in
clu
d
in
g
t
h
r
ee
m
ai
n
ca
s
e
s
ar
is
e
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
a.
H
ig
h
re
s
is
t
a
nce
f
a
ults
:
it
w
a
s
s
tated
i
n
[
9
,
2
4
]
th
at
DP
f
in
d
s
li
m
itatio
n
s
w
it
h
h
i
g
h
r
esis
t
an
ce
f
au
l
ts
.
T
o
f
u
r
t
h
er
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
t
h
at
p
o
i
n
t,
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
ca
s
e
w
a
s
s
i
m
u
lated
in
[
9
]
in
w
h
ic
h
t
h
e
DP
f
ailed
in
d
etec
ti
n
g
th
e
f
au
lt.
T
h
at
ca
s
e
w
a
s
r
ec
r
ea
ted
b
y
cr
ea
ti
n
g
an
A
-
G
f
au
l
t
o
f
(
3
0
0
Ω
)
f
au
lt
r
esis
ta
n
ce
o
n
li
n
e
7
-
8
o
f
th
e
9
-
b
u
s
s
y
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te
m
at
t
h
e
f
a
r
en
d
f
r
o
m
b
u
s
7
.
T
h
at
ca
s
e
w
as
r
ec
r
ea
te
d
to
test
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
(
lev
el
-
2
)
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
T
h
e
f
ig
u
r
e
clea
r
ly
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
t
h
at
t
h
e
P
SP
I
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
ll
y
id
en
ti
f
ie
d
th
e
f
a
u
lt
y
lin
e
ev
en
th
o
u
g
h
t
h
at
DP
f
ailed
f
o
r
s
u
c
h
a
v
er
y
lo
w
cu
r
r
e
n
t
f
au
l
t.
A
s
i
m
ilar
ca
s
e
i
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
P
SP
I
(
lev
el
-
1
)
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
7
.
I
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s
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d
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[
2
8
]
.
Su
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[
3
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2
Co
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T
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w
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k
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p
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[
4
,
8
,
9
]
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h
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r
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its
m
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u
p
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n
its
p
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ed
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m
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p
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ac
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an
t
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p
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in
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8
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4
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th
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m
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9
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b
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it
b
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.
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h
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t
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c
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[
9
]
ca
lcu
la
tes
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if
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ce
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f
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n
t
an
d
r
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eiv
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c
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r
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en
ts
,
w
h
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h
co
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lead
to
a
p
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s
s
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d
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is
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r
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Fi
g
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6
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in
[
9
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is
p
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in
Fi
g
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r
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1
1
.
T
ab
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4
.
C
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p
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f
P
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p
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A
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ith
m
(
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ev
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s
1
&
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Oth
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m
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1
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2
S
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me
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[
9
]
S
c
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me
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[
8
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O
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/
c
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[
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R
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Fig
u
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11
.
P
A
P
SII
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7
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5
7
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.