Internati
o
nal Journal
of App
lied Power E
n
gineering
(IJAPE)
V
o
l.
3, N
o
. 1
,
A
p
r
il
201
4, p
p
.
41
~50
I
S
SN
: 225
2-8
7
9
2
41
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
ttp
://iaesjo
u
r
na
l.com/
o
n
lin
e/ind
e
x.ph
p
/
IJAPE
Modelin
g Simulation & Design of
Photovol
t
aic Array with
MPPT Control Techniques
San
g
ita R Nandurk
a
r
1
, Mi
ni
R
a
jee
v
2
1
Assista
n
t professor,
De
pa
rtme
nt of
Ele
c
t
ric
a
l
En
gg, A.C
P
.
C.
E,
Mum
b
ai
University
, India
2
Associate prof
essor, Depar
t
ment of
Electr
i
cal
Engg, FCRIT, Mu
mbai University
,
India
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received
Ja
n 25, 2014
Rev
i
sed
Feb
27
, 20
14
Accepted
Mar 12, 2014
The R
e
newable
energ
y
is important p
a
rt
of
power gener
a
tion
s
y
stem due to
diminution of
f
o
ssils fuel. En
er
g
y
p
r
oduction f
r
om photovoltaic (PV)
is
widel
y
acc
ept
e
d
as
it
is
c
l
e
a
n,
a
v
ail
a
ble
in
abun
dance
,
&
fre
e o
f
cos
t
.
This
paper deals with
modeling of PV array
includ
in
g the effe
cts
of
tem
p
eratur
e
and irr
a
diation.
The DC-DC con
v
erter
is
used for
boosting low vo
ltag
e
of th
e
PV array
to hig
h
DC voltage.
Since the ef
ficiency
of a PV arr
a
y
is around
13% which is
low, it
is desir
a
b
l
e to
oper
a
te the module at th
e
peak power
point to im
prove the util
iza
tion
of
the PV array
.
A maximum
power point
track
er (M
P
P
T
) is
us
ed for extra
c
ting th
e m
a
xim
u
m
power from
t
h
e s
o
lar P
V
array
and transferring that power to th
e load. To tr
ack maximum p
o
wer point
(MPP) Perturb
& Observe (P & O) al
gorithm is used which
periodically
perturbs the
array
voltag
e
or curr
ent
and
compare PV output power with th
at
of previous per
t
urbation
cy
cle whic
h con
t
rols duty
cy
cle
of DC-DC
converter. Th
e entir
e s
y
stem is si
mulated in MATLAB /SIMULINK and
simulation r
e
sults are presented.
Keyword:
B
oost
c
o
nve
rt
e
r
M
a
xi
m
u
m
power
p
o
i
n
t
t
r
ac
ki
n
g
(MPPT
)
Mo
d
e
lling
o
f
PV
array
Pho
t
ov
o
ltaic (PV) array
Copyright ©
201
4 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
Sang
ita R N
a
nd
urk
a
r
,
Assistant profe
ssor, Depa
rt
m
e
nt of Electrical
Engg,
A.C P.C.E
,
Mum
b
ai Universit
y
, India.
Em
a
il: san
g
ita.n
andu
rk
ar@gmail.co
m
1.
INTRODUCTION
The re
newa
bl
e
ener
gy
sou
r
ce
s (sol
ar
, wi
n
d
,
bi
om
ass et
c)
are im
port
a
nt
part
o
f
p
o
we
r
gene
rat
i
o
n.
El
ect
ri
ci
t
y
can
be pr
o
duce
d
ope
rat
i
n
g
th
ese so
urces in
parallel with
th
e g
r
id. Th
e pho
tov
o
ltaic(PV) syste
m
wh
ich
id
eally su
itab
l
e for
d
i
stribu
tio
n gen
e
ration
is
gain
in
g im
p
o
r
tan
ce tod
a
y, sin
ce it o
f
fers m
a
n
y
adva
nt
age
s
s
u
ch as
req
u
i
r
e
s
l
e
ss m
a
i
n
t
e
nance
,
noi
se
free,
p
o
l
l
u
t
i
o
n
free a
n
d i
s
m
o
re envi
r
o
n
m
ent
a
l
fri
en
dl
y
.
[
1
]
Th
e ph
ot
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
sy
st
em
prod
uc
es DC
ener
gy
whe
n
s
o
l
a
r i
n
s
o
l
a
t
i
on fal
l
s
o
n
p
hot
o
vol
t
a
i
c
array
.
The ene
r
gy available at
the term
inal of a p
hot
ovoltaic
array can feed small loads
suc
h
as lightning
syste
m
,
DC
m
o
to
rs,
b
u
t so
m
e
ap
p
licatio
n
requ
ires DC-DC con
v
er
te
r, to proces
s the energy
from
ph
ot
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
devi
ce.
These
converte
r are
used to re
gulate t
h
e
volt
a
ge a
n
d c
u
rr
ent at th
e l
o
ad, t
o
co
n
t
ro
l
po
wer fl
o
w
in th
e syste
m
an
d m
a
in
ly to
track m
a
x
i
m
u
m po
wer
po
in
t [2]
The am
ou
nt
of
ene
r
gy
ge
n
e
rat
e
d
by
ph
o
t
ov
ol
t
a
i
c
array
va
ri
es wi
t
h
chan
ge i
n
e
n
vi
r
onm
ent
a
l
con
d
i
t
i
on s
u
c
h
as t
e
m
p
erat
ur
e and i
n
s
o
l
a
t
i
o
n w
h
i
c
h re
duc
es t
h
e ove
ral
l
con
v
e
r
si
o
n
effi
c
i
ency
of p
hot
o
vol
t
a
i
c
m
odule. T
h
ere
f
ore c
o
ntrolling m
a
xim
u
m
powe
r
point tr
a
c
ker (MP
P
T)
at
m
a
xim
u
m
powe
r
point (M
PP) is
essent
i
a
l
i
n
PV sy
st
em
. The am
ount
o
f
p
o
w
er
gene
rat
e
d
by
PV ar
ray
d
e
pen
d
s
on
ope
rat
i
ng
vol
t
a
ge
of t
h
e
array. Its I-V
& P-V ch
aract
eristics id
en
tify th
e u
n
i
qu
e o
p
e
rating
po
int called
MPP
at wh
ich
PV sh
ou
l
d
ope
rat
e
s an
d
m
a
xim
u
m
power ca
n be
de
l
i
v
ered t
o
l
o
ad
ope
rat
i
ng at
i
t
s hi
ghe
st
effi
c
i
ency
. To e
n
h
a
nce t
h
e
per
f
o
r
m
a
nce o
f
PV m
a
ny
t
echni
que
s are a
v
ai
l
a
bl
e [
4
]
-
[
7
]
whi
c
h
vary
i
n
m
a
ny
aspect
s suc
h
as si
m
p
l
i
c
i
t
y
,
con
v
e
r
ge
nce s
p
eed
, ha
rd
wa
r
e
im
pl
em
ent
a
tion
,
sens
o
r
s re
qui
red & c
o
st
.
The o
p
e
n
ci
rc
ui
t
vol
t
a
ge m
e
t
h
o
d
i
s
base
d o
n
o
b
se
r
v
at
i
on t
h
at
t
h
e
vol
t
a
ge
o
f
t
h
e
m
a
xim
u
m
power
poi
nt
i
s
al
way
s
cl
ose t
o
a fi
xe
d pe
rcent
a
ge o
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
252
-87
92
IJA
P
E Vol
.
3
,
No
. 1, A
p
ri
l
20
14
:
41
–
5
0
42
th
e op
en
circuit v
o
ltag
e
. The m
a
in
drawback
in th
is
m
e
th
od
is en
ergy g
e
n
e
r
a
ted by PV
system
is less,
additional
power c
o
m
pone
nts
is re
qui
red, st
atic switch is
neede
d
which increases
th
e c
o
st
of t
h
e al
gorithm
.
These d
r
a
w
ba
cks can
be o
v
e
rcom
e by
pert
ur
b an
d o
b
se
r
v
e (P
&O
) m
e
tho
d
. It o
p
era
t
es by
perio
d
ically
increm
enting
or dec
r
em
enting the arra
y
t
e
rm
i
n
al
v
o
l
t
a
ge
or
cur
r
ent
a
n
d c
o
m
p
ari
ng t
h
e
P
V
out
put
po
we
r wi
t
h
t
h
at
of
pr
evi
o
u
s
pert
ur
bat
i
o
n
cy
cl
e. The ad
v
a
nt
age
of
P &
O
m
e
t
hod i
s
e
a
sy
t
o
im
pl
em
ent
,
co
nt
r
o
l
i
s
sim
p
l
e
and cost is less
com
p
ared to
oth
e
r
MPPT al
go
r
ith
m
tech
n
i
qu
es.
Th
e work
p
r
esen
ted
h
e
re is ab
ou
t th
e m
o
d
e
lin
g
,
sim
u
latio
n o
f
PV array co
nn
ected
t
o
DC lo
ad
. Th
e
bo
ost
c
o
nve
rt
e
r
dut
y
cy
cl
e i
s
co
nt
r
o
l
l
e
d
b
y
usi
n
g
P&
O
al
go
ri
t
h
m
t
echni
que
s.
Fi
rs
t
sect
i
on
deal
s
wi
t
h
m
odel
i
ng o
f
P
V
ar
ray
al
o
n
g
wi
t
h
M
P
P
T
al
go
ri
t
h
m
,
fol
l
o
wed
by
desi
gn
of
DC
-
D
C
c
o
n
v
ert
e
r
,
si
m
u
l
i
nk m
odel
and
res
u
l
t
s
obt
ai
ned a
r
e
di
sc
u
ssed i
n
s
u
bseq
uent
sect
i
o
n
.
2.
SYSTE
M
CO
NFIG
U
RATI
O
N
Fi
g.
1 Sc
hem
a
t
i
c o
f
t
h
e
sy
st
em
The a
b
ove sc
he
m
a
tic as shown i
n
Fi
g
.
1
p
r
esent
t
h
e c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
at
i
o
n use
d
i
n
t
h
i
s
pape
r. T
h
e P
V
ar
ray
cont
ai
n
5 m
odul
es of 2
5
0
W
p
wh
ich
is co
n
n
ected
in
seri
es. Th
e MPPT alg
o
r
ith
m
is
u
s
ed
fo
r ex
tractin
g
th
e
m
a
x
i
mu
m p
o
w
e
r
f
r
o
m s
o
l
a
r
P
V
ar
r
a
y
a
n
d
extracted power is s
u
pplied
to
lo
ad
.
T
h
e DC/D
C c
o
n
v
e
r
t
er
u
s
e
d
acts as an i
n
terface bet
w
een
PV a
rray a
nd l
o
ad and se
rve
s
the purpose
of tra
n
sf
e
r
ing maxim
u
m
power from
PV t
o
l
o
a
d
. B
y
chan
gi
n
g
t
h
e dut
y
cy
cl
e o
f
t
h
e p
u
l
s
e wi
dt
h m
odul
at
ed
(P
W
M
) co
nt
r
o
l
si
gnal
of
DC
/
D
C
con
v
e
r
t
e
r, t
h
e l
o
ad
i
m
pedance
seen
by
s
o
u
r
c
e
vari
es
an
d m
a
t
c
hes t
h
e
pea
k
p
o
we
r
poi
nt
w
i
t
h
t
h
at
o
f
s
o
u
r
ce, so
as to
tr
an
sf
er th
e m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
. [1
]-
[2
].
3.
MAT
H
EM
AT
ICAL
M
O
DE
LING
OF P
H
OTOV
OLTA
IC
AR
R
A
Y
3.
1.
Ideal photovol
taic cell
Sol
a
r P
V
i
s
m
a
de o
f
p
hot
ov
o
l
t
a
i
c
cell
s
. C
e
l
l
s are gr
ou
pe
d t
o
fr
om
panel
s
or m
odul
es an
d pa
nel
s
are
gr
o
upe
d t
o
fr
o
m
l
a
rge PV a
r
ray
.
The
basi
c
equat
i
on
wh
ich
m
a
th
e
m
at
ic
ally d
e
scrib
e
s
th
e id
eal PV cell is
gi
ve
n by
E
q
. (
1
)
[
2
]
1
exp
,
,
d
cell
o
cell
pv
I
Ak
T
qV
I
I
I
(1
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
APE
I
S
SN
:
225
2-8
7
9
2
Mo
del
i
n
g
Si
mu
l
a
t
i
on &
Desi
gn
of
P
hot
ovol
t
a
i
c
Arr
ay w
i
t
h
MPPT C
ont
r
o
l
(
M
i
ss S
a
n
g
i
t
a
R. N
a
n
d
u
r
kar)
43
Whe
r
e:
I
pv
,
cell
is th
e cu
rren
t
g
e
n
e
rated
b
y
th
e in
ci
d
e
n
t
ligh
t
,
I
o ce
ll
is th
e rev
e
rse satu
ration
curren
t
o
f
t
h
e
di
o
d
e,
q
is the electro charge
value
d
at 1.602x10
-19
C,
k
i
s
B
o
l
t
z
m
a
nn’s c
onst
a
nt
val
u
e
d
at
1.3
8
1
x
1
0
-23
J/K,
T
is th
e jun
c
tion
te
m
p
eratu
r
e i
n
Kelv
in,
A
is d
i
o
d
e
id
en
tity co
n
s
tan
t
,
V
is t
h
e vo
ltag
e
acro
ss PV cell &
I
is
th
e
out
put
c
u
rre
nt
of
t
h
e i
d
eal
P
V
m
odel
.
3.
2.
Modelling
o
f
photovo
lta
i
c
arra
y
Fi
g.
2 E
q
ui
val
e
nt
ci
rc
ui
t
o
f
pr
act
i
cal
PV cel
l
The
basi
c P
V
equat
i
o
n
d
o
es
not
re
prese
n
t
t
h
e
I-
V c
h
aract
eri
s
t
i
c
s as a
pr
act
i
cal
PV m
odul
e c
o
nsi
s
t
s
o
f
sev
e
ral PV
cells wh
ich
req
u
i
re th
e add
itio
n
a
l
p
a
ram
e
te
rs
whic
h is se
ries resistance a
n
d pa
rallel resi
stance
(R
s
& R
p
) as sh
ow
n i
n
Fi
g.
2.
The m
odel
i
ng
of P
V
m
odul
e
i
s
based
on m
a
t
h
em
at
i
cal
equat
i
ons o
f
t
h
e s
o
l
a
r cel
l
whi
c
h
i
s
gi
ve
n by
E
q
.
2
. [2]
.
p
s
s
s
o
pv
R
R
I
V
AkT
N
R
I
V
q
I
I
I
*
1
*
*
(
exp
The l
i
g
ht
ge
ne
rat
e
d c
u
r
r
e
n
t
(
I
pv
) de
pe
nds
l
i
n
earl
y
on
sol
a
r r
a
di
at
i
on a
n
d i
s
i
n
fl
ue
nce
d
by
t
e
m
p
erat
ure i
s
gi
ve
n
by
E
q
. (3
)
n
re
f
i
sc
pv
G
G
T
T
K
I
I
*
)
(
M
o
d
u
le re
ve
rs
e saturatio
n
cu
rre
nt (
I
rs
)
at
n
o
min
a
l co
nd
ition
an
d referen
c
e te
m
p
erature i
s
g
i
v
e
n b
y
Eq
.(4
)
1
*
*
exp
)
(
r
s
oc
n
sc
rs
AkT
N
V
q
I
I
Mo
du
le sat
u
ratio
n
cu
rren
t
(
I
0
)
i
s
gi
ve
n by
E
q
. (
5
).
T
T
Ak
qE
T
T
I
I
ref
g
ref
rs
o
1
1
exp
*
3
B
a
si
c out
put
c
u
r
r
ent
o
f
P
V
m
o
d
u
l
e
of
si
n
g
l
e
di
o
d
e i
s
gi
ven
by
E
q
.(
6
)
.
1
*
*
(
exp
*
*
Ak
T
N
R
I
V
q
N
I
I
N
I
s
s
p
o
pv
p
(2
)
(
3
)
(
4
)
(5
)
(6
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
252
-87
92
IJA
P
E Vol
.
3
,
No
. 1, A
p
ri
l
20
14
:
41
–
5
0
44
Whe
r
e
N
s
and
N
p
is nu
m
b
er of so
lar cells con
n
ected
i
n
seri
es an
d
pa
ral
l
e
l
.
M
o
del
i
n
g
of
PV a
rray
i
s
done based
on datasheet pa
ram
e
ters
of S
U
N
Modu
le
S
W
250
m
ono versi
o
ns 2.0
at
25°C & 1000 W
/
m
2
is
gi
ve
n i
n
Ta
bl
e
I. B
a
se
d
o
n
a
b
ove
pa
ram
e
t
e
rs t
h
e P
V
m
o
d
u
l
e
i
s
m
odel
l
e
d i
n
M
a
t
l
a
b /
S
i
m
ul
i
n
k
u
n
d
er
st
a
nda
r
d
test
co
nd
itio
ns (STC)
of 25
°C
and
1
000
W
/
m
2
TABLE
-I.
SUN-S
W
25
0W
P
SO
LAR MODUL
E PARAMETERS
M
a
xim
u
m
power
(P
mp
p
) 250
W
p
Open circuit volta
ge (V
oc
) 37.
8
V
Short circuit curre
n
t (I
sc
) 8.
28
A
M
a
xim
u
m
power
p
o
int voltage (
V
mp
p
) 31.
1V
M
a
xim
u
m
power
p
o
int cur
r
e
nt (
I
mp
p
) 8.
05A
Nu
m
b
e
r
of cell in
series (N
s
) 60
Short circuit te
m
p
e
r
ature coef
f
i
cient (
K
i
)
0.
04
K
Open circuit te
m
p
e
r
ature coef
f
i
cient (
K
v
) -
0
.
30%/K
4.
DESIG
N
OF DC
-D
C CO
N
V
ERTER
A
DC-DC converter acts as a
n
inte
rface
bet
w
een the
PV a
n
d the l
o
ad, a
n
d
by
va
rying the duty cycle
t
h
e p
o
i
n
t
of
o
p
e
rat
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
m
odul
e i
s
ad
ju
st
ed.
DC
-
D
C
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r sel
ect
ed f
o
r
desi
g
n
i
s
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
ert
e
r, as
i
t
is u
s
ed
t
o
boo
st u
p
th
e
PV array v
o
ltag
e
and
also
m
a
x
i
m
u
m u
tilizatio
n
o
f
PV can
b
e
do
ne b
y
op
erating
PV at
M
PP. T
h
e B
o
ost
c
o
n
v
ert
e
r
desi
g
n
i
s
d
one
co
nsi
d
e
r
i
n
g c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
out
pu
t
vol
t
a
ge
o
f
2
5
0
V
(m
axim
um
) and
m
a
xim
u
m
dut
y
cy
cl
e of
5
0
%,
ope
rat
i
n
g i
n
co
nt
i
nue
s c
o
n
d
u
c
t
i
on m
ode
(C
C
M
).
The m
i
nim
u
m
inductor size(
L
min
) is d
e
term
in
ed
fro
m
Eq
.(7
)
with
in
du
ctor
v
a
lu
e
2
5
%
larger th
an
t
h
e
m
i
nim
u
m
i
ndu
ct
or
val
u
e
,
t
o
e
n
su
re t
h
at
i
n
du
ct
or c
u
r
r
e
n
t
i
s
cont
i
n
ues
[
3
]
o
s
I
f
D
D
V
L
*
*
2
*
)
1
(
2
0
min
L
>
25%
L
min
Whe
r
e,
V
0
is DC o
u
t
pu
t v
o
ltag
e
,
D
is d
u
t
y ratio
,
f
s
is
switching fre
quency
of conve
rter,
I
o
is average
out
put
c
u
rre
nt
.
C
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
i
n
g
m
a
xim
u
m
peak t
o
pea
k
ri
p
p
l
e
(
Δ
V
o
) i
n
o
u
t
p
ut
v
o
l
t
a
ge i
s
1%
., t
h
e m
i
nim
u
m
capacitance val
u
e (
C
min
) ca
n
b
e
cal
cul
a
t
e
d
us
i
ng
Eq
.(
8)
[
3
]
.
s
o
o
f
V
R
D
V
C
*
*
*
min
Th
e switch
i
ng frequ
en
cy selectio
n
is trade-off
between switching l
o
sses, c
o
st of
switch a
nd
efficiency of conve
r
ter; he
nc
e it
is decided
to select
10 K
H
z as swi
t
c
hi
n
g
fre
q
u
ency
. B
a
sed o
n
desi
gn
, val
u
e
s
of L & C are
c
a
lculated.
5.
MA
X
I
MU
M
POWER
PO
IN
T
TRACKING
AL
GO
RI
THM
In th
is
wo
rk
P
& O algorith
m is selected as
MPPT
tec
hni
que.
This
technique
c
o
m
p
ares the
powe
r
of
the previ
ous
step with t
h
e
pow
er
o
f
th
e n
e
w step
[4
]-
[6
].
If th
e po
w
e
r i
n
c
r
eases
due t
o
t
h
e pe
rt
u
r
bat
i
on
t
h
e
n
th
e p
e
rturb
a
tion
is co
n
tinu
e
d
in
th
at
d
i
rection
.
After th
e
pe
ak
power is re
ached the
power at the
ne
xt instant
d
ecreases an
d h
e
n
ce t
h
e
p
e
rtu
r
b
a
tio
n rev
e
rses.
Wh
en
th
e stead
y state i
s
reach
e
d
th
e
alg
o
rith
m
o
s
cillates
aro
u
nd t
h
e pea
k
p
o
i
n
t
.
I
n
or
d
e
r t
o
keep t
h
e
po
we
r vari
at
i
o
n sm
al
l
,
t
h
e pert
ur
bat
i
o
n si
ze i
s
kept
very
sm
al
l
.
Th
e flow ch
art o
f
P&O MPPT alg
o
r
ith
m
is
illu
strated
in
Fig
.
3
wh
ereas Tab
l
e- II illu
strates th
e b
e
h
a
v
i
ou
r of
th
e P
&
O algorith
m
.
Thi
s
al
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
can
be
desc
ri
b
e
d
by the
following statem
ents.
If
dP/dV >
0
: t
h
e PV
p
a
n
e
l operates at a
po
int clo
s
e to MPP.
If
dP/ d
V
<
0
:
th
e PV
p
a
n
e
l
o
p
e
rate at a
po
in
t fu
rt
h
e
r away
fro
m
MPP
(
7
)
(
8
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
APE
I
S
SN
:
225
2-8
7
9
2
Mo
del
i
n
g
Si
mu
l
a
t
i
on &
Desi
gn
of
P
hot
ovol
t
a
i
c
Arr
a
y w
i
t
h
MPPT C
ont
r
o
l
(
M
i
ss S
a
n
g
i
t
a
R. N
a
n
d
u
r
kar)
45
Fi
g.
3 Fl
ow
cha
r
t
o
f
P
&
O c
o
nt
r
o
l
t
ech
ni
q
u
e
[
5
]
Tab
l
e-I
I
[4
]
6.
SIMULATION
RESULTS
The m
odel
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
m
odul
e
i
s
real
i
zed
wi
t
h
M
a
t
l
a
b R
2
0
10a
/
Si
m
u
l
i
nk a
n
d
Fi
g.
4
sho
w
s t
h
e si
m
u
l
i
nk m
odel
o
f
PV ar
ray
.
The
i
nput
t
o
m
odu
l
e
i
s
t
e
m
p
erat
ure an
d sol
a
r i
n
sol
a
t
i
on at
st
anda
r
d
t
e
st
con
d
i
t
i
on (STC
) co
nt
ai
ni
ng 6
0
s
o
l
a
r
ce
lls connected i
n
series
of 250
W
p
an
d s
u
c
h
fi
ve m
odul
e
s
are
connected i
n
s
e
ries to from
a solar a
rray wit
h
voltage
& c
u
rre
nt as output. The s
p
ecifications
of t
h
e resi
stance
R
s
and R
p
of
t
h
e PV
ar
ray
are
0.
22
1
Ω
& 415
Ω
[2
] .
P
ert
urbat
i
on
Change in P
o
w
er
Next
P
e
rt
urbat
i
on
Positive Positive
Positive
Positive Negative
Negative
Negative Positive
Negative
Negative Negative
Positive
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
252
-87
92
IJA
P
E Vol
.
3
,
No
. 1, A
p
ri
l
20
14
:
41
–
5
0
46
Fi
g.
4 M
a
t
l
a
b
Sim
u
l
i
nk m
ode
l
of
PV
ar
ray
Fig.5
I-V & P-V c
h
aracteristi
cs obtaine
d
from
PV array
Fi
g.
5 sh
ow
s t
h
e pract
i
cal
I-V &
P-V cha
r
acteristics of the PV arra
y.
The curre
nt and voltage at
max
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
ar
e r
e
sp
ectively 8
.
05
A
and
1
9
0
V
.
Th
e m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
o
b
t
ain
e
d
is 1250
W
p
.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
14
0
160
18
0
20
0
0
500
1000
1500
V
o
l
t
age (
V
)
Po
w
e
r
(
W
p
)
P
V
plot
at
S
T
C (
5
pa
nel
s
c
o
nnec
t
e
d i
n
s
e
r
i
es
)
0
20
40
60
80
10
0
12
0
14
0
16
0
18
0
20
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
V
o
l
t
ag
e (
V
)
C
u
rr
e
n
t
(A
)
I
V
pl
ot
at
S
T
C
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
APE
I
S
SN
:
225
2-8
7
9
2
Mo
del
i
n
g
Si
mu
l
a
t
i
on &
Desi
gn
of
P
hot
ovol
t
a
i
c
Arr
a
y w
i
t
h
MPPT C
ont
r
o
l
(
M
i
ss S
a
n
g
i
t
a
R. N
a
n
d
u
r
kar)
47
6.
1.
Simulati
on of PV
with
Tem
p
era
ture & inso
latio
n
va
riatio
n.
Fig
.
6
I-V p
l
o
t
fo
rm
d
i
fferen
t
Tem
p
eratu
r
e
co
nd
itio
n
The tem
p
erature va
ries as 25ºC, 50ºC a
nd
75ºC. T
h
e
varia
tion of the temperat
ure
has more im
pact
o
n
th
e ou
tpu
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
PV
wh
ereas it affects
th
e outp
u
t
cu
rren
t less.
Wh
en th
e
o
p
e
rating
tem
p
erature
increases
, the
PV c
u
rre
n
t inc
r
eases m
a
rg
in
ally b
u
t
th
e
PV vo
ltag
e
d
ecrease
s drastically wh
ich
resu
lt
s in
n
e
t
redu
ction
in power ou
tpu
t
with
rise in
tem
p
eratu
r
e.
Fi
g.
7. I-
V pl
ot
fo
rm
di
ffere
nt
sol
a
r
i
n
s
o
l
a
t
i
o
n
co
ndi
t
i
o
n
Whe
n
t
h
e irradiance va
ries from
200, 600 a
n
d 1000
W/m
2
with
con
s
tan
t
te
m
p
eratu
r
e it
is o
b
serv
ed
th
at with
in
crease in
PV p
a
nel
t
e
m
p
erat
ure
,
PV c
u
rre
nt
a
nd
v
o
l
t
a
ge i
n
creases. Th
is resu
lts in
n
e
t in
crease in
po
we
r
out
put
wi
t
h
i
n
c
r
ease i
n
i
r
radi
at
i
o
n at
con
s
t
a
nt
t
e
m
p
erat
ure
.
0
50
100
15
0
20
0
250
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
X:
1
7
2
Y
:
8.
14
7
I
V
P
l
ot
f
o
r c
han
ge i
n
t
e
m
p
rat
u
re c
o
ndi
t
i
on
Vo
l
t
a
g
e
(
Vo
l
t
)
C
u
r
r
ent
(
A
m
p)
X
:
1
92.
7
Y
:
0.
06
42
2
X
:
22
1.
8
Y
:
0.
02
68
3
2
5
deg
C
5
0
deg
C
7
5
deg
C
0
50
100
150
200
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
X
:
186.
5
Y
:
7.
868
V
o
l
t
age (
V
o
l
t
)
C
u
rre
n
t
( A
m
p
)
I
-
V
P
l
ot
of
P
V
ar
r
a
y
f
o
r
D
i
f
f
e
r
ent
i
n
s
o
l
a
t
i
on c
ondi
t
i
on
200W
/
m
t
s
q
r
600 W
/
m
t
s
q
r
1000 W
/
m
t
s
q
r
200 W
/
m
t
s
q
r
600W
/
m
t
s
q
r
1000 W
/
m
t
s
q
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
252
-87
92
IJA
P
E Vol
.
3
,
No
. 1, A
p
ri
l
20
14
:
41
–
5
0
48
6.
2.
Si
mul
a
ti
on o
f
PV-
B
o
ost
c
o
nverter
and
MPPT contr
o
l.
The si
m
u
l
i
nk
m
odel
of
PV
al
on
g
wi
t
h
M
P
P
T
co
nt
r
o
l
&
b
o
o
st
c
o
n
v
ert
e
r i
s
sh
ow
n i
n
Fi
g.
7.
Fig
.
7
Sim
u
lin
k m
o
d
e
l o
f
PV
with
B
o
o
s
t conv
erter & M
P
PT Al
g
o
rith
m
.
Fi
g.
8
Out
put
v
o
l
t
a
ge a
n
d
c
u
r
r
e
nt
res
p
on
se
of
PV
ar
ray
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
APE
I
S
SN
:
225
2-8
7
9
2
Mo
del
i
n
g
Si
mu
l
a
t
i
on &
Desi
gn
of
P
hot
ovol
t
a
i
c
Arr
ay w
i
t
h
MPPT C
ont
r
o
l
(
M
i
ss S
a
n
g
i
t
a
R. N
a
n
d
u
r
kar)
49
Fi
g.
9 Out
put
v
o
l
t
a
ge
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
re
sp
o
n
se of
bo
ost
c
o
nve
rt
er.
Th
e PV array
m
o
d
e
l with
MPPT co
n
t
ro
l is
tested
at
d
i
fferen
t tem
p
eratu
r
e and
in
so
lation
co
nd
itio
n. It
i
s
o
b
ser
v
e
d
t
h
at
t
h
e
out
put
v
o
l
t
a
ge
ge
nerat
e
d
by
P
V
i
s
15
5.
5
V
an
d c
u
r
r
ent
i
s
7.
76
A.
Al
s
o
t
h
e
b
oost
e
d
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
is clo
s
e to
2
50 V wit
h
slig
h
t
o
s
cillatio
n
as P& O al
g
o
rith
m is u
s
ed
. Th
e
b
o
o
s
t co
nv
erter du
ty
cy
cl
e obt
ai
ne
d
i
s
0.
3
6
,
w
h
i
c
h i
s
l
e
ss t
h
a
n
5
0
%.
7.
CO
NCL
USI
O
N
The m
odel
i
n
g,
si
m
u
l
a
ti
on
&
desi
g
n
of
t
h
i
s
sy
st
em
i
s
do
ne
i
n
m
a
t
l
a
b /
s
i
m
uli
nk.
The
m
odel
i
s
fi
rst
tested
witho
u
t
MPPT; it is o
b
serv
ed
that boo
sted
ou
tpu
t
voltage is less t
h
an t
h
e
250V,
as the PV arra
y does
n
o
t
op
erate at
MPP.
Hen
c
e to
im
p
r
ov
e th
e u
tilizatio
n
of
PV array t
h
e
P&O MPPT alg
o
rith
m
is u
s
ed
. The
alg
o
rith
m
is te
sted
v
a
rying
t
h
e tem
p
eratu
r
e & i
n
so
la
tion
in
pu
t co
nd
ition
o
f
PV array. Th
e resu
lt
o
b
tain
ed
sh
ows th
at at d
i
fferen
t
in
so
latio
n
& temp
erat
u
r
e
cond
itio
n
,
th
e MPPT alg
o
r
ith
m
always o
p
e
rates at
MPP
with
slig
h
t
oscillatio
n
,
also
the d
u
t
y cycle o
f
co
nv
erte
r is co
n
t
ro
lled
ap
pro
p
riately & o
b
tain
ed
boo
sted
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
is ap
prox
im
ate
l
y 2
5
0
V
wh
ich
is
d
e
sired
.
Th
e presen
ted
PV array m
o
d
e
led
will h
e
lp to
valid
ated
di
ffe
re
nt
M
PPT al
gori
t
h
m
.
Thi
s
sy
st
em
can be i
n
t
e
r
f
ac
ed wi
t
h
g
r
i
d
by
usi
n
g di
f
f
e
r
ent
i
n
vert
er c
ont
rol
tech
n
i
qu
e tak
i
ng
in
t
o
acco
u
n
t
th
e
d
i
fferen
t
po
wer qu
ality
is
su
es.
REFERE
NC
ES
[1]
T.
Ch
anitan
y
a
, Ch.Saibabu
&
J. Sury
a. “Modeling and si
mulation of PV array
and its
perform
ance enhan
cem
en
ts
using MPPT techniques”,
Intern
ational Journal of
Comput
er Science Communication Network
,
Vol. 1. Pp. 9 –
16,
2011.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
252
-87
92
IJA
P
E Vol
.
3
,
No
. 1, A
p
ri
l
20
14
:
41
–
5
0
50
[2]
M.G.Villalva, J.R. Gazol
i
& E
.
Rupert. “Modeli
ng and ci
r
c
uit b
a
sed sim
u
lation
of photovolt
a
ic
array
s
”, Brazili
an
Journal of Power Electron
i
cs, Vo
l/Issue: 14(1)
. P
p
. 35-
45, 2009.
[3]
N.Mohan,T. M.Undela
nd, and
W.P.Robbins.
P
o
wer El
ectroni
cs, Third ed
ition
,
I
ndia Willy
. Pp. 1
85-248, 2010
.
[4]
Trashan Esram & Patrick L. “Comparison of ph
otovolta
ic arr
a
y
maximum powe
r
point tracking
techn
i
ques”,
IEEE
Transaction
on Energy conversation
, Vol. 22. Pp. 1
-8, 2007.
[5]
Hairul Zainudin & Saad Mekhilef
.
“Comparison stud
y
of
maximum po
we
r point tracker
techn
i
ques for
PV
s
y
ste
m
s”
,
Proceeding of the 14
th
international M
i
ddle
East power
system conference (
M
EPCON’
10)
. Pp 750-755,
2010
[6]
Ting-Chung Yu
and Yu-Cheng
Lin
.
“A Stud
y
on Maximu
m Power Point
Tracking Algorithms for Photovoltaic
S
y
ste
m
s”
,
In
tern
ational Journal
2010-2012.
Pp. 27-36,
2012
.
[7]
Yang Haizhu
& Liu Jie. “Simul
ation stud
y
o
f
MPPT strateg
y
of Photovo
ltaic grid
connected generation
s
y
s
t
em
based on single
parameter
contr
o
l”,
Internationa
l conferen
ce on
Computing
, Control
&
Industri
a
l Engineering.
Pp.
152-155
,
2010
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.