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I
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8792
I
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,
No
.
3
,
Dec
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b
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201
9
:
257
–
264
258
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2.
RE
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b
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ca
n
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Fi
g
u
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1
.
T
h
e
d
i
s
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ce
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w
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th
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t
w
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g
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4
m
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h
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b
u
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ial
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1
m
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a
n
d
t
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te
m
p
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as
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le
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t
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eth
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u
r
e
2
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o
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es p
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C
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ig
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u
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P
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
A
p
p
l P
o
w
er
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8792
Utiliz
a
tio
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f th
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fin
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t m
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Ma
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lid
Ha
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259
2
.
1
.
Co
m
p
uta
t
io
n f
o
r
lo
s
s
es
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
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th
e
I
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s
ta
n
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ar
d
[
1
2
-
1
4
]
,
th
e
h
ea
t
s
o
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ce
s
in
a
ca
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le
d
ev
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p
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s
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g
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o
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h
ich
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ib
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ted
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e
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esis
tan
ce
o
f
th
e
co
n
d
u
cto
r
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is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as:
(
1
)
w
h
er
eb
y
W
C
s
i
g
n
i
f
ies j
o
u
le
lo
s
s
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o
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ea
ch
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g
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h
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I
(
a
m
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er
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ig
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ie
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cu
r
r
en
t,
w
h
ile
R
ac
s
ig
n
i
f
ies ac
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esis
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n
ce
f
o
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ch
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n
i
t le
n
g
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h
.
Sh
ea
t
h
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s
s
is
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
s
h
o
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t
f
alls
i
n
th
e
s
h
ea
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r
s
cr
ee
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as
a
r
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lt
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lati
n
g
cu
r
r
en
ts
(
λ
1
'
)
as
w
ell
a
s
ed
d
y
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r
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en
t
s
(
λ
1
''
)
.
T
h
is
lo
s
s
is
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
as:
(
2
)
I
n
th
e
I
E
C
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
,
a
m
u
l
tip
lier
is
u
tili
ze
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to
co
m
p
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te
s
h
e
ath
lo
s
s
as
a
f
u
n
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tio
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o
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t
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le
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s
.
Dielec
tr
ic
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s
s
e
s
ar
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te
d
to
ch
ar
g
e
s
ee
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ag
e
a
n
d
t
h
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co
n
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
s
o
f
h
y
s
ter
e
s
i
s
i
n
th
e
d
ielec
tr
ic.
T
h
i
s
ca
n
b
e
p
u
t a
cr
o
s
s
as:
(
3
)
w
h
er
e
W
d
(
W
/
m
)
d
en
o
tes
th
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
lo
s
s
o
f
ca
b
le
i
n
s
u
lat
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n
,
ω
=
2πf
i
n
w
h
ic
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f
d
en
o
tes
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y
s
te
m
f
r
eq
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en
c
y
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Uo
(
V
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e
n
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tes
t
h
e
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e
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r
t
h
,
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en
o
tes
th
e
lo
s
s
f
ac
to
r
o
f
th
e
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latio
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at
p
o
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er
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r
eq
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en
c
y
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d
w
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k
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n
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te
m
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er
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r
e,
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d
C
d
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m
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en
o
tes
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e
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s
u
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ca
p
ac
ita
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ce
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
b
e
co
n
v
e
y
ed
as:
(
)
(
4
)
in
w
h
ich
ɛ
r
ep
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
r
elat
iv
e
p
er
m
itti
v
it
y
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f
t
h
e
in
s
u
lati
o
n
,
Di
(
m
m
)
r
ep
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t
s
its
e
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iam
eter
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an
d
Dc
(
m
m
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r
ep
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t
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e
d
ia
m
e
ter
o
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th
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co
n
d
u
cto
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i
n
clu
s
i
v
e
o
f
th
e
s
cr
ee
n
.
2
.
2
.
T
he
bo
un
da
ry
co
nd
it
io
ns
I
r
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
o
f
th
e
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
to
s
o
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t
tr
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s
f
er
p
r
o
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lem
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tab
lis
h
m
en
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t
b
o
u
n
d
ar
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n
d
itio
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s
is
es
s
en
tial
f
o
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th
e
r
ea
lizatio
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o
f
a
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
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u
tco
m
e.
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r
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
ar
t,
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
s
ep
ar
ated
in
to
th
r
ee
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
Fo
r
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
g
r
o
u
p
,
T
is
s
tip
u
lated
o
n
t
h
e
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
f
o
r
t
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
0
.
Fo
r
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
g
r
o
u
p
,
th
e
o
f
f
s
h
o
o
t
o
f
T
n
o
r
m
al
to
t
h
e
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
i
s
s
t
ip
u
lated
o
n
th
e
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
f
o
r
t
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
0
.
An
d
f
o
r
th
e
t
h
i
r
d
g
r
o
u
p
,
an
o
f
f
s
h
o
o
t
o
f
T
i
n
a
r
o
u
te
n
o
r
m
al
to
t
h
e
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
i
s
co
m
p
ar
ati
v
e
to
th
e
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
d
i
s
p
ar
it
y
w
it
h
r
eg
ar
d
to
th
e
a
m
b
ie
n
t
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
o
n
t
h
at
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
.
T
h
is
s
itu
atio
n
is
l
iab
le
to
cr
o
p
u
p
at
t
h
e
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
o
cc
u
r
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en
ce
o
f
co
n
v
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
eq
u
i
v
ale
n
t
co
n
tr
o
l
eq
u
atio
n
s
ar
e
p
r
esid
ed
o
v
er
b
y
t
h
e
f
o
ll
o
w
i
n
g
(
5
–
7
)
[
1
6
]
.
|
|
(
5
)
|
(
6
)
|
(
)
|
(
7
)
W
h
er
e,
in
Q2
in
d
icate
s
th
e
d
e
n
s
it
y
o
f
h
ea
t
f
lo
w
r
ate,
Tf
in
d
i
ca
tes
th
e
f
lu
id
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e,
wh
ile
t
an
d
α
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
l
y
in
d
icate
t
h
e
i
n
teg
r
al
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
an
d
h
ea
t tr
an
s
f
er
co
ef
f
icie
n
t.
I
n
a
co
m
m
o
n
p
lace
s
itu
a
tio
n
,
as
t
h
e
ca
b
le
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
g
r
ad
ie
n
t
i
s
0
,
t
h
e
r
i
g
h
t
a
n
d
le
f
t
ed
g
es
o
f
t
h
e
b
u
r
ied
ca
b
les
(
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
)
f
it
in
to
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
co
n
d
itio
n
g
r
o
u
p
.
W
h
ile
th
e
u
p
p
er
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
a
m
b
ie
n
t
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
f
it
s
in
to
th
e
t
h
i
r
d
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
co
n
d
itio
n
g
r
o
u
p
(
co
n
v
ec
t
iv
e
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
)
,
th
e
lo
w
er
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
n
ei
g
h
b
o
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
b
ase
ca
n
b
e
s
lo
tte
d
in
to
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
co
n
d
itio
n
g
r
o
u
p
.
I
n
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
to
th
e
h
ea
t tr
an
s
f
er
th
eo
r
y
,
th
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
d
ca
n
b
e
co
m
p
u
t
ed
in
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
m
a
n
n
er
[
1
5
]
.
(
8
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8792
I
n
t J
A
p
p
l
P
o
w
er
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
201
9
:
257
–
264
260
(
9
)
w
h
er
eb
y
Q
s
p
ec
if
ie
s
h
ea
t
f
lo
w
,
R
s
p
ec
i
f
ie
s
th
er
m
al
r
es
is
t
an
ce
,
an
d
∆T
s
p
ec
if
ie
s
t
h
e
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
d
escen
ts
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
d
ielec
tr
ics.
2
.
3
.
Descript
io
n o
f
t
he
f
ini
t
e
ele
m
e
nt
m
et
ho
d
I
n
b
o
th
t
h
e
I
E
C
a
n
d
th
e
I
E
E
E
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
th
e
a
ir
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
f
ac
to
r
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
d
ec
is
iv
e
d
u
r
i
n
g
ef
f
o
r
t
s
to
ascer
tain
a
m
p
ac
it
y
.
T
h
is
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
s
o
w
h
en
i
t
co
m
e
s
to
air
ca
b
les.
I
n
v
ie
w
o
f
th
e
f
ac
t
t
h
at
t
h
e
lin
ea
r
in
ter
p
o
latio
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
co
m
e
s
w
it
h
a
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
at
i
s
u
n
co
m
p
l
icate
d
,
q
u
i
ck
a
n
d
r
elativ
e
l
y
p
r
ec
is
e,
it
w
as
f
a
v
o
u
r
ed
b
y
th
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
to
co
m
p
u
te
t
h
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
ca
r
r
y
i
n
g
ca
p
ac
it
y
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
(
1
0
)
:
(
1
0
)
T
h
e
h
y
p
o
th
etica
l a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
th
e
alg
o
r
it
h
m
is
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
Su
p
p
o
s
e
a
cu
r
r
en
t
v
al
u
e
I
1
an
d
f
o
llo
w
u
p
w
ith
a
co
m
p
u
ta
tio
n
o
f
th
e
eq
u
i
v
alen
t
ca
b
le
co
r
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
T
1
.
I
f
T
1
is
eq
u
al
to
th
e
ca
b
le
o
p
er
atin
g
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
T,
I
1
is
d
ee
m
ed
th
e
ca
b
le
c
u
r
r
en
t c
ar
r
y
i
n
g
ca
p
ac
it
y
.
I
f
T
1
is
n
o
t e
q
u
al
to
T
,
th
e
n
r
ed
ir
ec
t to
s
tep
2
.
I
f
T
1
s
li
g
h
ter
t
h
a
n
T,
I
1
w
ill
b
e
en
h
a
n
ce
d
b
y
4
%
a
n
d
allo
ca
ted
to
I
2
.
I
f
T
1
i
s
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
T,
I
1
w
ill
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
b
y
4
%
an
d
a
llo
ca
ted
t
o
I
2
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
ca
lc
u
late
t
h
e
eq
u
iv
ale
n
t
ca
b
le
co
r
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
T
1
.
I
f
T
2
is
eq
u
al
to
T
,
I
2
is
d
ee
m
ed
t
h
e
ca
b
le
cu
r
r
en
t
ca
r
r
y
in
g
ca
p
a
cit
y
.
I
f
T
2
is
n
o
t
eq
u
al
to
T
,
t
h
en
m
o
v
e
o
n
to
s
tep
3
.
I
n
k
ee
p
i
n
g
w
it
h
th
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
in
s
tep
2
,
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
v
al
u
e
is
co
m
p
u
ted
r
ep
ea
ted
l
y
u
n
til
it
ar
r
iv
es
at
t
h
e
ca
b
le
co
r
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
T
k
, < T, T
k
+
1
>T
.
I
n
tr
o
d
u
cin
g
I
k
, I
k+
1
, T
k
, T
k
+
1
in
to
f
o
r
m
u
la
1
0
lead
s
to
th
e
c
o
m
p
u
ted
r
esu
lt I
d
en
o
ti
n
g
t
h
e
a
m
p
ac
it
y
.
3.
ANALY
SI
S M
O
DE
L
3
.
1
.
T
e
m
pera
t
ure
di
s
s
e
m
i
na
t
io
n in t
he
v
icinity
o
f
t
he
un
derg
ro
un
d c
a
ble
T
h
e
ca
b
le
lo
s
s
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
w
e
r
e
co
m
p
u
ted
i
n
l
in
e
w
it
h
t
h
e
I
E
C
-
6
0
2
8
7
.
T
h
ese
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
,
to
g
eth
e
r
w
it
h
th
e
t
h
eo
r
y
o
f
li
n
ea
r
i
n
t
er
p
o
latio
n
p
av
ed
th
e
w
a
y
to
w
ar
d
s
th
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
-
ca
r
r
y
i
n
g
ca
p
ac
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
ca
b
le
w
h
ic
h
was
r
ev
ea
led
to
b
e
1
1
6
0
A
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
th
e
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
a
t
t
h
e
s
ite
o
f
th
e
ca
b
le
w
a
s
also
ac
q
u
ir
ed
.
Fro
m
th
e
r
e
s
u
lt
s
e
x
h
ib
ited
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
it c
an
b
e
s
u
r
m
i
s
ed
th
at
th
e
le
n
g
th
o
f
th
e
u
p
p
er
an
d
lo
w
er
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies
is
th
e
ab
s
c
is
s
a,
w
h
ile
t
h
e
le
n
g
th
o
f
t
h
e
r
i
g
h
t
an
d
lef
t
b
o
u
n
d
ar
i
es
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
th
e
o
r
d
in
ate.
0
-
1
0
-
2
-
5
5
-
1
1
D
e
p
t
h
o
f
b
u
r
i
a
l
[
M
]
D
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
c
e
n
t
e
r
c
a
b
l
e
s
[
M
]
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
em
p
er
atu
r
e
f
ield
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
i
n
t
h
e
v
ic
in
i
t
y
o
f
th
e
ca
b
le
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
A
p
p
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o
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er
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n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
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8792
Utiliz
a
tio
n
o
f th
e
fin
ite
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en
t m
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d
fo
r
th
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ca
lc
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la
tio
n
a
n
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ex
a
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ti
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n
o
f
…
(
Ma
h
mo
o
d
K
h
a
lid
Ha
d
i
)
261
T
h
e
ca
b
le
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
f
ield
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
d
is
p
la
y
ed
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
r
ev
ea
ls
t
h
at
th
e
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
ar
ea
o
f
t
h
e
ca
b
les
w
a
s
co
n
s
id
er
ab
l
y
i
n
f
l
u
en
ce
d
.
Hen
ce
,
d
u
e
to
th
e
r
e
m
o
v
al
o
f
m
o
i
s
tu
r
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
o
il
,
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
th
er
m
a
l
r
esis
ta
n
ce
w
a
s
les
s
e
r
.
T
h
e
th
er
m
al
co
n
d
u
cti
v
it
y
v
al
u
e
o
f
th
i
s
s
o
il
ar
ea
w
as
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
as
0
.
4
W
/
(
0
C
.
m
)
,
w
h
ile
th
at
o
f
th
e
o
th
er
ar
ea
s
w
a
s
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
as
1
.
0
W
/
(
0
C.
m
)
.
A
s
ill
u
s
tr
ated
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
a)
,
b
y
tr
ac
i
n
g
th
e
is
o
th
er
m
al
co
n
to
u
r
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
e
cr
itical
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e,
th
e
o
u
tlin
e
o
f
th
e
d
r
y
r
e
g
io
n
ca
n
b
e
estab
lis
h
ed
.
As
p
o
r
tr
ay
ed
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
(
b
)
,
h
ea
t
f
lu
x
,
w
h
ic
h
is
g
en
er
ated
b
y
b
u
r
ied
ca
b
les,
p
la
y
s
a
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
r
o
le
in
ascer
tai
n
in
g
t
h
e
p
er
io
d
f
o
r
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
a
d
r
y
zo
n
e.
T
h
is
is
v
er
y
m
u
c
h
in
l
in
e
w
it
h
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
co
n
d
u
c
ted
b
y
F.
Do
n
az
zi
et
al.
[
1
6
,
1
7
]
.
Sig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
,
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
r
ev
ea
l
ed
th
at
th
e
cr
itica
l
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
as
w
ell
as t
h
e
r
ati
o
o
f
th
e
d
r
y
to
w
et
t
h
er
m
al
r
es
is
ti
v
it
y
(
o
r
co
n
d
u
ctiv
it
y
)
i
s
n
o
t
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
d
b
y
h
ea
t
f
l
u
x
e
m
a
n
ati
n
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
ca
b
l
es.
T
h
is
co
u
ld
b
e
co
m
p
atib
le
w
ith
t
h
e
v
ie
w
p
o
in
t
o
f
Har
tl
e
y
a
n
d
B
lack
[
1
8
]
w
h
ic
h
in
d
icate
s
t
h
at
h
ea
t
f
l
u
x
o
n
t
h
e
ex
ter
io
r
o
f
th
e
ca
b
l
e
h
as
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
b
ea
r
in
g
o
n
th
e
p
er
io
d
f
o
r
s
o
il
in
s
tab
il
it
y
to
s
et
i
n
.
I
t
is
w
o
r
th
m
e
n
tio
n
i
n
g
th
a
t
w
h
ile
t
h
e
I
E
C
f
o
r
w
ar
d
s
t
h
e
cr
itica
l
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
f
o
r
d
a
m
p
s
o
il
s
as 5
0
0
C
,
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
i
s
o
f
t
h
e
o
p
in
io
n
t
h
at
it is
clo
s
er
to
5
5
0
C
.
0
-
1
-
2
0
-
5
-
1
5
1
D
e
p
t
h
o
f
b
u
r
i
a
l
[
M
]
D
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
c
e
n
t
e
r
c
a
b
l
e
s
[
m
]
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
a)
.
Sh
ap
e
o
f
th
e
d
r
y
zo
n
e
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
t
h
r
ee
s
in
g
le
-
co
r
e
ca
b
les (
3
3
k
V)
laid
d
ir
ec
tly
i
n
lo
ca
l so
il
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
b
)
.
Dr
y
ca
s
e
ar
is
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
g
e
n
er
atio
n
o
f
h
ea
t
f
lu
x
d
en
s
it
y
at
th
e
ca
b
l
es
Fig
u
r
e
4
. (
a
)
Sh
ap
e
o
f
th
e
d
r
y
zo
n
e
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
t
h
r
ee
s
in
g
le
-
co
r
e
ca
b
les (
3
3
k
V)
laid
d
ir
ec
t
l
y
in
lo
ca
l
s
o
il
,
(
b
)
Dr
y
ca
s
e
ar
is
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
g
e
n
er
atio
n
o
f
h
ea
t
f
l
u
x
d
e
n
s
it
y
at
t
h
e
ca
b
le
s
4.
AN
E
XAM
I
NAT
I
O
N
O
F
T
H
E
F
ACTOR
S
I
NF
L
UE
N
C
I
NG
AM
P
ACIT
Y
T
h
e
u
n
d
er
g
r
o
u
n
d
ca
b
le
in
s
tall
atio
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
f
s
o
il
t
h
er
m
al
co
n
d
u
c
tiv
i
t
y
,
air
p
r
ess
u
r
e
an
d
b
u
r
ial
d
ep
th
w
er
e
v
ar
ied
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
eir
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
ca
r
r
y
i
n
g
ca
p
ac
it
y
o
f
th
e
3
3
k
V
th
r
ee
s
in
g
le
-
co
r
e
ca
b
les.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
attain
ed
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
s
5
,
6
an
d
7
.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
lead
s
to
u
s
e
n
u
m
er
ical
tech
n
ical
to
o
b
tain
h
ig
h
ac
cu
r
ate
r
esu
lts
.
Ma
k
i
n
g
a
ca
b
le
o
p
er
ates i
n
s
er
v
ice
f
o
r
lo
n
g
p
er
io
d
o
f
ti
m
e
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
m
a
s
s
i
v
e
ec
o
n
o
m
y
to
in
v
est
m
e
n
t
co
s
ts
.
Un
e
x
p
e
cted
ca
b
le
f
ailu
r
e
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
h
ar
s
h
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
i
m
p
ac
t
m
a
y
co
s
t
u
ti
lit
y
lar
g
e
f
i
n
a
n
cial
lo
s
s
es
as
w
e
ll
as
t
h
e
c
u
s
to
m
er
.
T
h
is
m
a
y
co
n
tr
i
b
u
te
to
s
o
l
v
e
t
h
es
e
s
o
m
e
w
h
at
an
tit
h
etica
l b
u
t
h
i
g
h
l
y
r
ele
v
a
n
t is
s
u
e
s
)
.
4
.
1
.
T
he
i
m
pa
ct
o
f
t
he
s
o
il t
her
m
a
l r
esis
t
a
nce
o
n a
m
pa
ci
t
y
So
il
th
er
m
al
r
esi
s
ta
n
ce
ex
er
t
s
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
a
n
d
d
ir
ec
t
in
f
l
u
en
ce
o
n
t
h
e
h
ea
t
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
f
ac
to
r
.
T
h
e
elev
atio
n
o
f
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
i
n
s
o
il
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
th
e
ca
b
le
lead
s
to
th
e
r
e
m
o
v
al
o
f
m
o
i
s
t
u
r
e
an
d
a
d
r
asti
c
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
t
h
er
m
al
r
e
s
is
ta
n
ce
.
T
h
is
cir
cu
m
s
ta
n
ce
r
es
u
lts
in
a
d
eter
io
r
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
ca
b
le
’
s
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
to
d
is
p
el
h
ea
t.
T
h
is
p
h
en
o
m
e
n
o
n
m
a
k
es
it
ch
a
llen
g
in
g
f
o
r
th
e
d
esi
g
n
en
g
i
n
ee
r
t
o
d
ec
id
e
h
o
w
to
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
r
y
i
n
g
e
f
f
ec
t
i
n
ca
b
le
am
p
ac
it
y
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
.
As
a
co
n
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
,
th
e
ca
b
le
cu
r
r
en
t
ca
r
r
y
i
n
g
ca
p
ac
it
y
is
s
i
g
n
i
f
ican
tl
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
illu
s
tr
ate
s
th
e
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
f
s
o
il
th
er
m
al
r
esis
tan
ce
o
n
a
m
p
ac
it
y
.
As
an
ticip
ated
,
th
e
a
m
p
ac
it
y
o
f
th
e
ca
b
le
r
o
s
e
in
tan
d
e
m
w
i
th
t
h
e
ele
v
atio
n
i
n
s
o
il
t
h
er
m
al
r
esis
ta
n
ce
.
I
n
th
is
w
o
r
k
,
it
w
a
s
al
s
o
tak
e
n
in
to
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
h
o
w
t
h
e
s
h
ap
e
o
f
th
e
e
x
ca
v
ated
ar
ea
an
d
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
ca
b
le
i
n
th
e
e
x
ca
v
ated
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8792
I
n
t J
A
p
p
l
P
o
w
er
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
201
9
:
257
–
264
262
2
0
0
4
0
0
6
0
0
8
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
.
5
1
1
.
5
2
2
.
5
3
3
.
5
4
A
m
p
a
c
i
t
y
(
A
)
T
h
e
r
m
a
l
r
e
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
f
o
r
n
a
t
i
v
e
s
o
i
l
(
m
*
k
/
w
)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etw
ee
n
a
m
p
ac
it
y
a
n
d
s
o
il th
er
m
al
r
esis
ta
n
ce
4
.
2
.
I
nv
estig
a
t
io
n
o
n t
he
inf
luence
o
f
a
m
b
ient
t
e
m
pera
t
u
re
Am
b
ien
t
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e,
w
h
ic
h
m
o
s
tl
y
ap
p
lies
to
t
h
e
te
m
p
er
a
tu
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
ed
i
u
m
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
a
ca
b
le,
also
h
as
a
p
r
o
f
o
u
n
d
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
n
a
m
p
ac
it
y
.
T
h
is
i
s
p
ar
ticu
la
r
l
y
s
o
f
o
r
u
n
d
er
g
r
o
u
n
d
ca
b
les.
W
ith
a
s
u
b
s
ta
n
tial
r
is
e
i
n
air
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e,
th
e
h
e
at
co
n
v
ec
tio
n
ca
p
ac
it
y
o
f
s
o
il
an
d
air
d
ec
li
n
es.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
t
h
e
h
ea
t
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
ca
b
le
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
an
d
th
is
lead
s
to
a
d
eter
io
r
atio
n
o
f
its
a
m
p
ac
it
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
p
o
r
tr
a
y
s
t
h
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
air
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
o
n
a
m
p
ac
it
y
.
A
s
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
,
t
h
er
e
is
a
s
tr
o
n
g
co
r
r
el
atio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
w
ea
k
en
in
g
i
n
a
m
p
ac
it
y
a
n
d
th
e
r
i
s
e
in
air
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e.
I
t
is
al
s
o
n
o
ticed
t
h
at
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
c
u
r
v
e
ap
p
ea
r
s
to
a
li
n
e
w
it
h
f
i
x
ed
s
lo
p
e.
T
h
is
lead
s
to
u
s
e
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
f
ac
to
r
s
in
h
i
g
h
ac
cu
r
ate
d
u
r
i
n
g
in
s
ta
llatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
e
s
.
9
0
0
9
5
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
5
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
5
0
1
2
0
0
1
0
1
5
2
0
2
5
3
0
3
5
4
0
4
5
A
m
p
a
c
i
t
y
(
A
)
A
i
r
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
(
0
C
)
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
in
f
l
u
en
ce
o
f
air
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
o
n
a
m
p
ac
it
y
4
.
3
.
I
nv
estig
a
t
io
n o
n t
he
inf
luence
o
f
bu
ria
l dept
h
T
h
e
b
u
r
ial
d
ep
th
also
d
eter
m
i
n
es
t
h
e
th
er
m
al
r
esis
ta
n
ce
o
f
s
o
il
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
th
e
ca
b
le.
T
h
e
d
ee
p
er
ca
b
le
is
b
u
r
ied
th
e
lo
w
er
w
i
th
its
ca
p
ac
it
y
b
ef
o
r
e
ca
r
r
y
i
n
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
an
d
th
i
s
is
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
.
9
5
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
5
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
5
0
1
2
0
0
2
4
6
8
1
0
D
e
p
t
h
o
f
b
u
r
i
a
l
(
m
)
A
m
p
a
c
i
t
y
(
A
)
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
a
m
p
ac
it
y
an
d
b
u
r
ial
d
ep
th
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
A
p
p
l P
o
w
er
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8792
Utiliz
a
tio
n
o
f th
e
fin
ite
elem
en
t m
eth
o
d
fo
r
th
e
ca
lc
u
la
tio
n
a
n
d
ex
a
min
a
ti
o
n
o
f
…
(
Ma
h
mo
o
d
K
h
a
lid
Ha
d
i
)
263
As
p
o
r
tr
ay
ed
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
7
,
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
ca
r
r
y
i
n
g
ca
p
ac
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
ca
b
le
is
d
i
m
i
n
i
s
h
ed
p
r
o
g
r
es
s
iv
el
y
w
it
h
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
in
t
h
e
d
ep
th
o
f
b
u
r
ial.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
t
h
e
m
o
r
e
d
ee
p
l
y
b
u
r
ied
ca
b
les
ex
er
t
a
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
v
er
t
h
e
ca
b
le
a
m
p
a
cit
y
r
ati
n
g
s
.
Als
o
ap
p
ar
en
t
is
t
h
e
f
ac
t
t
h
at
th
e
r
ate
o
f
ca
b
le
a
m
p
ac
it
y
alter
atio
n
s
ac
ce
ler
ates
as
th
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
b
etw
ee
n
th
e
ca
b
le
an
d
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
th
e
ea
r
th
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
.
T
h
is
also
lead
s
to
u
s
e
h
ig
h
ac
c
u
r
ate
d
e
-
r
atin
g
f
ac
to
r
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
esi
g
n
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
A
m
o
d
el
w
as
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
to
s
cr
u
tin
ize
th
e
ca
b
le
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
ca
p
ac
it
y
a
n
d
th
e
in
f
lu
e
n
c
e
o
f
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
i
s
s
u
es
o
n
a
m
p
ac
it
y
.
T
h
e
lin
ea
r
in
ter
p
o
la
tio
n
m
et
h
o
d
to
g
eth
er
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
m
o
d
el
w
as
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
to
ex
a
m
i
n
e
th
e
f
ac
t
o
r
s
in
f
l
u
e
n
cin
g
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
ca
r
r
y
in
g
ca
p
ac
it
y
o
f
an
u
n
d
er
g
r
o
u
n
d
ca
b
le.
A
3
3
k
V
ca
b
le
w
a
s
d
ec
id
ed
o
n
f
o
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
at
tain
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
is
en
d
ea
v
o
u
r
r
ev
ea
le
d
th
at
s
o
il
th
er
m
al
co
n
d
u
cti
v
it
y
an
d
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
al
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
es
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
ca
r
r
y
in
g
ca
p
ac
it
y
o
f
a
ca
b
le.
W
h
ile
an
ele
v
atio
n
i
n
s
o
il
t
h
er
m
al
co
n
d
u
cti
v
it
y
r
aised
t
h
e
ca
b
le
cu
r
r
en
t
ca
r
r
y
i
n
g
c
ap
ac
it
y
,
th
e
r
is
e
i
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
d
i
m
i
n
is
h
ed
it li
n
ea
r
l
y
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
f
r
o
m
t
h
i
s
in
v
est
ig
atio
n
also
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
t
h
e
am
p
ac
it
y
o
f
a
ca
b
le
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
as
th
e
d
ep
t
h
o
f
ca
b
le
b
u
r
ial
i
n
cr
ea
s
es.
A
n
o
tab
le
o
u
tco
m
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
is
en
d
ea
v
o
u
r
is
t
h
e
r
ev
ela
tio
n
t
h
at
th
e
cr
itica
l
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
w
et
s
o
il lea
n
s
m
o
r
e
to
w
ar
d
s
5
5
0
C
th
a
n
th
e
5
0
0
C
q
u
o
ted
b
y
th
e
I
E
C
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
w
o
u
ld
li
k
e
to
t
h
an
k
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
t
h
at
s
u
b
m
itted
b
y
t
h
e
U
n
i
v
er
s
it
y
o
f
Ker
b
ala
an
d
th
e
I
r
aq
i
Min
i
s
tr
y
o
f
h
i
g
h
er
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
a
n
d
s
cien
tific
r
esear
ch
(
I
r
aq
)
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Zh
a
o
Jia
n
h
u
a
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
S
u
rf
a
c
e
Te
m
p
e
ra
tu
re
F
ield
Ba
se
d
On
li
n
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Dia
g
n
o
se
s
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tu
d
y
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Ca
b
le’s
Co
n
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c
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e
m
p
e
r
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tu
re
,
"
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
CS
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,
1
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e
d
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
9
.
p
p
.
5
2
-
5
4
,
1
9
9
9
.
[2
]
G
EOR
G
E
J.
A
n
d
e
rs
.
"
Ra
ti
o
n
o
f
e
lec
tri
c
p
o
w
e
r
c
a
b
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,
a
m
p
a
c
it
y
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o
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p
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tatio
n
f
o
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tran
s
m
issio
n
,
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istri
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u
t
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o
n
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n
d
in
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strial
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ti
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Pre
ss
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9
9
7
.
[3
]
F
A
N
Ch
u
n
li
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
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tu
d
y
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n
Qu
a
n
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tativ
e
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o
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sp
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y
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p
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y,
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c
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d
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EE
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d
.
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l.
2
5
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2
0
0
5
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p
.
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6
2
-
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6
6
.
[4
]
L
I
A
N
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Yo
n
g
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h
u
n
,
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I
Ya
n
m
u
,
L
I
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AI
Jin
a
i,
Wan
g
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e
n
g
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a
n
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e
t
a
l
,
"
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lcu
latio
n
o
f
th
e
S
tatic
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
tu
re
F
ield
o
f
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ro
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les
Us
in
g
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a
t
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rg
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i
m
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M
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th
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o
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d
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l.
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8
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0
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p
p
.
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9
-
1
3
4
.
[5
]
P
.
V
a
u
c
h
e
re
t,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Am
p
a
c
it
y
De
ra
ti
n
g
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a
c
to
rs
f
o
r
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b
les
Bu
ried
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n
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h
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rt
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e
g
m
e
n
ts
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n
d
u
it
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ra
n
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ti
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n
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we
r De
li
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.
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l
.
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0
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2
0
0
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p
.
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6
0
-
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6
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.
[6
]
Ha
n
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A
,
e
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a
l.
,
"
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h
e
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m
a
l
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n
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o
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u
lt
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lay
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d
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a
rt
2
:
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ra
c
ti
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ra
ti
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n
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"
IEE
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T
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l
.
8
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1
9
9
3
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p
.
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7
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-
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7
7
.
[7
]
V
a
u
c
h
e
re
t
P
,
Ha
rtl
e
in
R
A
,
a
n
d
Blac
k
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Z,
"
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p
a
c
it
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ra
ti
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g
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c
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les
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rt
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it,
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.
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v
o
l.
2
0
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p
p
.
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,
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0
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.
[8
]
M
iy
a
g
i
D,
W
a
k
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tsu
k
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a
n
d
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k
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sh
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-
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in
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rre
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Distrib
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ti
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n
in
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P
o
w
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r
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b
le
tak
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a
c
c
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t
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f
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-
J
P
o
w
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r
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a
w
Ch
a
ra
c
teristic,
"
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ra
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sa
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l
.
40
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p
.
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0
4
.
[9
]
L
I
A
N
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Yo
n
g
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h
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n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
A
N
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w
M
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d
to
Ca
lcu
late
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h
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tate
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ield
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p
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le S
y
ste
m
,
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ra
n
sa
c
ti
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s o
f
Ch
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n
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El
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c
tro
tec
h
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o
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.
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v
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l.
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2
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p
p
.
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-
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9
,
2
0
0
7
.
[1
0
]
CA
O
Hu
il
in
g
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
Nu
m
e
rica
l
c
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
o
f
te
m
p
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ra
tu
re
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strib
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ti
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ro
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c
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tes
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d
.
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v
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l.
1
8
,
p
p
.
5
9
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3
,
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0
0
3
.
[1
1
]
F
U
Ch
e
n
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a
o
,
J
IS
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e
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h
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n
g
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ish
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n
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ra
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m
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l
Circu
it
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o
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ra
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se
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ra
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d
.
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v
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l.
1
8
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p
p
.
7
7
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2
,
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0
0
3
.
[1
2
]
IEC
6
0
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.
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lcu
latio
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o
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th
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Cu
rre
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t
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a
rt
1
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rre
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(
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%
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to
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[1
3
]
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6
0
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-
2
.
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lcu
lati
o
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o
f
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rre
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ti
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g
-
P
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rt
2
:
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h
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l
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sista
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e
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.
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4
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IEC
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lcu
lati
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ti
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rt
3
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o
n
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it
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s.
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9
9
.
[1
5
]
TA
O
W
e
n
q
u
a
n
,
N
u
m
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rica
l
H
e
a
t
T
ra
n
s
f
e
r.
X
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a
n
Jia
o
to
n
g
Un
iv
e
rsity
P
re
ss
,
2
0
0
1
.
[1
6
]
F
.
Do
n
a
z
z
i,
E.
Oc
c
h
i
n
i,
a
n
d
A
.
S
e
p
p
i,
"
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o
il
t
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e
rm
a
l
a
n
d
h
y
d
ro
lo
g
ica
l
c
h
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ra
c
teristics
i
n
d
e
sig
n
in
g
u
n
d
e
rg
ro
u
n
d
c
a
b
les
,
"
in
Pro
c
.
I
n
st.
El
e
c
t.
E
n
g
.
,
Ju
n
.
1
9
7
9
,
v
o
l.
1
2
6
,
n
o
.
6
.
[1
7
]
A
n
d
e
rs,
Ra
ti
n
g
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
P
o
w
e
r
Ca
b
les
.
Ne
w
Yo
rk
:
IEE
E
P
re
ss
/
M
c
G
ra
w
-
Hill
,
1
9
9
8
.
[1
8
]
J.
G
.
H
a
rtl
e
y
a
n
d
W
.
Z.
Blac
k
,
"
T
ra
n
sie
n
t
si
m
u
lt
a
n
e
o
u
s
h
e
a
t
a
n
d
m
a
ss
tran
s
f
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r
in
m
o
ist
u
n
sa
tu
ra
ted
so
il
s
"
,
AS
M
E
T
ra
n
s
.
,
v
o
l.
1
0
3
,
p
p
.
3
7
6
–
3
8
2
,
M
a
y
1
9
8
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8792
I
n
t J
A
p
p
l
P
o
w
er
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
201
9
:
257
–
264
264
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
Y
O
F
AUTHO
R
M
a
h
m
o
o
d
Kh
a
li
d
Ha
d
i
,
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
S
c
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
e
lec
tro
n
ic
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
Ba
b
y
lo
n
,
Ba
b
y
lo
n
,
Ira
q
,
in
2
0
0
5
.
T
h
e
M
.
S
c
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsiti
P
u
tra
M
a
lay
sia
(UP
M
),
S
e
rd
a
n
g
,
M
a
lay
sia
,
in
2
0
1
7
.
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
,
h
e
is
a
n
A
ss
istan
t
L
e
c
tu
re
r
a
n
d
re
se
a
rc
h
e
r
a
t
th
e
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Ka
rb
a
la,
Ir
a
q
.
He
a
lso
p
ra
c
ti
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e
s
a
s
a
n
e
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tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
r
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
se
rv
ice
s
in
sta
ll
a
ti
o
n
w
o
rk
s.
His
a
re
a
s
o
f
re
se
a
rc
h
in
t
e
re
st
in
c
lu
d
e
,
P
o
w
e
r
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Co
n
tro
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
sim
u
latio
n
,
a
n
d
d
e
sig
n
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.