I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
Appl
ied P
o
wer
E
ng
i
neer
ing
(
I
J
AP
E
)
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
2
2
,
p
p
.
1
~
6
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
,
DOI
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ijap
e
.
v
11
.
i
1
.
pp
1
-
6
1
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
a
p
e
.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
Fas
t
ba
nd po
w
er
mea
surem
ent
t
ec
hnique in
Wi
-
Fi
s
y
stems
using
spectru
m a
na
ly
zer
B
o
m
m
a
la
pa
t
i Ma
lles
wa
ri
,
M
o
ha
n K
um
a
r
Ses
ha
ra
ng
a
ia
h,
B
ha
s
k
a
ra
Ra
o
S
a
n
k
a
V
a
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
F
i
e
l
d
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
G
r
o
u
p
,
C
e
n
t
e
r
f
o
r
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
T
e
l
e
ma
t
i
c
s,
B
e
n
g
a
l
u
r
u
,
I
n
d
i
a
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Feb
2
2
,
2
0
2
1
R
ev
is
ed
Dec
3
,
2
0
2
1
Acc
ep
ted
Dec
2
5
,
2
0
2
1
F
a
st
b
a
n
d
p
o
we
r
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
u
se
d
fo
r
m
e
a
su
rin
g
b
a
n
d
p
o
we
r
i
n
wire
les
s
fid
e
li
ty
(W
i
-
F
i)
d
e
v
ice
s.
Th
e
d
iffi
c
u
l
ty
d
u
ri
n
g
tes
ti
n
g
th
e
b
a
n
d
p
o
we
r
is
b
u
rst
m
o
d
e
tran
sm
issio
n
tak
e
s
l
o
n
g
e
r
t
ime
to
m
e
a
su
re
.
A
tes
t
ji
g
o
r
sp
e
c
ialize
d
to
o
l
re
q
u
ired
is
c
o
stl
y
,
wh
ic
h
a
ll
o
ws
c
o
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
m
o
d
e
o
f
tran
sm
issio
n
fo
r
p
o
we
r
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t.
Th
e
d
e
li
v
e
re
d
a
v
e
ra
g
e
p
o
we
r
b
y
a
Wi
-
F
i
d
e
v
ice
d
e
p
e
n
d
s
u
p
o
n
t
h
e
d
a
ta
ra
te
wh
ich
c
a
n
a
lso
v
a
ry
d
u
ri
n
g
t
ime
.
Th
e
p
ro
c
e
d
u
re
p
ro
p
o
se
d
h
e
re
b
y
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
u
sin
g
a
sp
e
c
tru
m
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
r
t
o
m
e
a
su
re
ba
n
d
p
o
we
r
in
th
e
b
u
rst
m
o
d
e
,
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
e
n
su
re
re
p
e
a
tab
le
r
e
su
lt
s
a
n
d
o
p
ti
m
ize
d
to
e
n
a
b
le
fa
st
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
ts
a
t
lo
w
c
o
st
,
les
s
ti
m
e
a
n
d
a
b
o
v
e
9
0
%
a
c
c
u
ra
te.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
B
an
d
p
o
wer
Fas
t m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
L
o
w
co
s
t
OFDM
s
ig
n
als
Sp
ec
tr
u
m
an
aly
ze
r
Wi
-
Fi d
ev
ice
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
B
o
m
m
alap
ati
Ma
lles
war
i
Valid
atio
n
an
d
Field
Su
p
p
o
r
t
Gr
o
u
p
,
C
en
tr
e
f
o
r
De
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t o
f
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
E
lectr
o
n
ics city
,
Ph
ase
-
1
,
Ho
s
u
r
R
o
ad
,
B
an
g
alo
r
e,
Kar
n
ata
k
a,
I
n
d
ia
E
m
ail: m
alli@
cd
o
t.in
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Me
asu
r
em
en
t
o
f
r
ad
io
p
a
r
am
e
ter
s
lik
e
b
an
d
p
o
wer
,
p
ea
k
p
o
wer
s
p
ec
tr
al
d
en
s
ity
,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
g
ain
,
an
d
s
p
u
r
io
u
s
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
d
u
r
in
g
v
ar
io
u
s
s
tag
es
o
f
a
r
ad
io
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
d
esig
n
,
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
,
an
d
u
s
ag
e.
T
h
is
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
e
d
b
y
t
r
an
s
m
itti
n
g
a
ca
r
r
ier
o
f
d
esi
r
ed
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
b
y
p
u
ttin
g
th
e
tr
a
n
s
m
itter
in
a
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
m
o
d
e.
I
n
wir
eless
f
id
elity
(
W
i
-
Fi)
s
y
s
tem
s
,
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
o
f
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
d
iv
is
io
n
m
u
ltip
lex
in
g
(
OFDM)
s
ig
n
als
will
b
e
d
o
n
e
in
b
u
r
s
t
m
o
d
e
f
o
r
b
o
th
tr
a
n
s
m
it
an
d
r
ec
eiv
e
p
ath
s
.
Fo
r
tr
an
s
m
itti
n
g
th
ese
s
ig
n
als
in
th
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
m
o
d
e,
we
h
av
e
to
u
s
e
s
p
ec
ialized
to
o
ls
o
r
test
J
ig
s
wh
ich
will
c
o
s
t
lak
h
s
o
f
r
u
p
ee
s
.
Pro
cu
r
em
en
t
o
f
th
e
s
am
e
tak
es
tim
e
an
d
ad
d
to
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
ject
also
.
“Fast
b
an
d
p
o
wer
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
tech
n
iq
u
e
in
W
i
-
Fi
s
y
s
tem
u
s
in
g
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
an
aly
ze
r
”
is
th
e
b
est
s
u
b
s
titu
te
t
o
th
e
r
ev
er
b
er
atio
n
ch
am
b
er
f
o
r
r
a
d
iated
p
o
wer
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
a
n
d
a
n
ec
h
o
ic
ch
am
b
er
test
f
ac
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
u
s
es b
u
r
s
t m
o
d
e
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
its
elf
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
o
f
th
e
b
an
d
p
o
wer
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
is
o
tr
o
p
ic
r
a
d
iated
p
o
wer
(
E
I
R
P)
r
ad
iated
b
y
Wi
-
Fi
d
ev
ices
is
a
q
u
ite
d
if
f
icu
lt
ta
s
k
.
Pre
s
en
tly
,
W
i
-
Fi
d
ev
ices
o
p
er
ate
in
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
m
o
d
es
o
f
th
e
I
E
E
E
8
0
2
.
1
1
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
:
b
,
g
,
a,
n
,
an
d
ac
[
3
]
,
[
4
]
.
E
ac
h
m
o
d
e
s
p
ec
if
ies
a
g
iv
en
m
ax
im
u
m
ac
h
iev
a
b
le
d
ata
r
ate
an
d
E
I
R
P
lim
itatio
n
.
Fo
r
e
x
am
p
le,
th
e
E
I
R
P
o
f
I
E
E
E
8
0
2
.
1
1
g
d
e
v
ice
s
is
lim
ited
to
1
0
0
m
W
wh
ile
th
e
m
a
x
im
u
m
d
ata
r
ate
is
5
4
Mb
p
s
.
Gen
er
ally
,
tim
e
tak
en
,
f
o
r
th
e
wav
e
f
o
r
m
to
g
et
s
tab
ilized
will
b
e
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ed
m
o
d
e
an
d
it
will
b
e
1
5
to
2
0
m
in
u
tes
f
o
r
th
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ed
2
0
MH
z
b
an
d
wi
d
th
ch
a
n
n
el.
Fo
r
th
e
ch
an
n
els
with
b
an
d
wid
th
4
0
MH
z,
8
0
MH
z,
an
d
1
6
0
MH
z
d
ef
au
lt
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
will
b
e
o
cc
u
p
ied
o
n
ly
2
0
MH
z
as d
ata
tr
an
s
f
er
is
n
o
t h
ap
p
en
i
n
g
b
etwe
en
ac
ce
s
s
p
o
in
t a
n
d
c
lien
t.
T
h
e
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t a
t a
g
iv
e
n
m
o
m
en
t
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
ac
tu
al
d
ata
r
ate.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
av
er
ag
e
p
o
wer
d
eliv
er
ed
b
y
th
e
d
ev
ice
will
n
o
t
b
e
r
ep
ea
tab
le
an
d
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t sig
n
al
o
f
th
e
d
e
v
ice
will v
ar
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
2
2
:
1
-
6
2
B
y
u
s
in
g
an
an
ec
h
o
ic
ch
am
b
e
r
an
d
th
e
r
ev
e
r
b
er
atio
n
ch
am
b
er
,
th
e
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
ca
n
b
e
ass
u
m
ed
to
b
e
s
tab
le
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
u
t
b
o
th
ar
e
c
o
s
tly
.
T
h
e
test
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
is
h
er
e
b
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
f
ast
an
d
r
e
p
ea
tab
le
b
an
d
p
o
wer
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
o
f
W
i
-
Fi
s
y
s
tem
s
u
s
in
g
a
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
a
n
aly
ze
r
with
ch
an
n
el
p
o
wer
o
p
tio
n
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
ec
tio
n
s
p
ec
if
ies
ab
o
u
t
th
e
W
i
-
Fi
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
in
d
etail.
T
h
e
s
ec
tio
n
3
,
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
o
f
b
an
d
p
o
wer
.
I
n
th
e
s
ec
tio
n
4
,
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t r
esu
lts
ar
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
ter
m
Wi
-
Fi
r
ef
e
r
s
to
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
wir
eless
lo
ca
l
ar
ea
n
etwo
r
k
(
W
L
AN)
ap
p
licatio
n
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
I
E
E
E
8
0
2
.
1
1
s
tan
d
a
r
d
s
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
u
n
lice
n
ce
d
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
b
a
n
d
s
in
d
u
s
tr
ial,
s
cien
tific
an
d
m
ed
ical
(
I
SM)
h
av
e
b
ee
n
allo
tted
f
o
r
W
i
-
Fi:
2
.
4
GHz
b
an
d
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
1
4
c
h
an
n
els,
an
d
th
e
5
GHz
b
an
d
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
1
1
ch
an
n
els,
ea
ch
with
a
b
an
d
wid
th
o
f
2
0
MH
z
an
d
o
th
er
ch
an
n
els
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
W
i
-
Fi
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
u
n
tr
y
g
u
id
elin
es.
T
h
e
m
o
d
es
b
,
g
,
a
o
f
8
0
2
.
1
1
s
p
ec
i
f
ica
tio
n
was
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
m
o
d
es
n
an
d
ac
[
6
]
–
[
2
0
]
.
Mo
d
es
a,
g
,
n
&
ac
b
ased
o
n
OFDM
an
d
m
o
d
e
b
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
p
r
ea
d
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
(
DSSS
)
.
Mo
d
es o
f
I
E
E
E
8
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P
RO
P
O
SE
D
P
RO
CE
D
URE
F
O
R
M
E
A
SURI
NG
B
AND
P
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R
Sp
ec
tr
u
m
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aly
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r
with
ch
a
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el
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wer
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tio
n
s
h
all
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e
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s
ed
f
o
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b
an
d
p
o
wer
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
E
I
R
P.
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o
h
av
e
f
ast
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d
r
ep
ea
ta
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le
b
a
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d
p
o
wer
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
,
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av
e
in
n
o
v
ated
a
test
m
et
h
o
d
i
n
b
u
r
s
t
m
o
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est
s
etu
p
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
n
th
is
m
eth
o
d
we
h
av
e
in
s
talled
a
test
to
o
l
to
s
en
d
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ip
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en
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UT
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to
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h
er
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m
ay
b
e
m
a
n
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p
u
r
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W
e
h
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e
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tili
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d
J
Per
f
/
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f
to
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l
f
o
r
d
ata
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s
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er
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etwe
en
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AP
wh
ile
m
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s
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r
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n
g
t
h
e
b
an
d
p
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wer
.
J
Per
f
r
u
n
n
in
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tim
e
ca
n
b
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s
et
f
o
r
6
0
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ec
.
As
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ata
tr
an
s
m
is
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io
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ap
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g
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ig
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b
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wil
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b
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lly
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tili
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.
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p
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p
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m
will
h
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e
f
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ll
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.
R
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r
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u
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e
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ts
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r
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Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
est
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etu
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k
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iag
r
am
See
th
e
s
tep
f
o
r
s
ettin
g
s
to
r
u
n
th
e
J
p
er
f
to
o
l:
a)
Acc
ess
p
o
in
t
(
AP)
:
1
)
i
P
er
f
m
o
d
e:
clien
t,
2
)
s
er
v
er
ad
d
r
es
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&
p
o
r
t:
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er
v
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p
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t
n
u
m
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,
3
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p
r
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to
co
l
:
UDP
,
4
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tr
a
n
s
m
it
tim
e:
6
0
s
ec
,
5
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UDP
B
an
d
wid
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:
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en
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p
ac
k
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as
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ize:
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ctets f
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r
‘
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o
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DP
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ize:
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d
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o
r
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
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g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
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2
F
a
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ch
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iq
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e
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s
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m
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Ma
lles
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o
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la
p
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3
c)
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m
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aly
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wer
:
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m
ea
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r
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b
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tto
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2
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n
el
p
o
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3
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p
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r
eq
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ter
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ter
C
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MH
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MH
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d
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s
elec
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ac
e1
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en
click
o
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ax
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ld
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th
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in
im
u
m
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ata
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p
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ted
i
n
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ter
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d
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ig
h
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d
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o
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m
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ter
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en
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k
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in
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s
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m
in
ed
b
y
s
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k
s
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r
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alg
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ith
m
.
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h
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alg
o
r
ith
m
u
s
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p
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latio
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t
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p
r
ec
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ely
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eq
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p
ea
k
s
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th
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o
we
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s
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ec
tr
u
m
in
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n
its
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r
s
ca
lin
g
.
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h
e
ex
ce
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ed
s
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ied
th
r
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,
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ca
n
s
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ec
if
y
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eth
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to
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o
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a
s
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g
le
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ax
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m
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r
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ltip
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s
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h
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ef
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r
m
s
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f
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8
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2
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1
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b
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d
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0
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m
o
d
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Fig
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r
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2
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
3
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
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h
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ig
n
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ta
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d
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r
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f
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ac
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MH
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s
h
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wn
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n
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u
r
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4
.
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h
e
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
f
o
r
6
0
s
ec
u
s
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g
J
Per
f
to
o
l is sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
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ef
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r
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o
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th
e
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b
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d
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u
r
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3
.
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r
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o
f
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1
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g
m
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
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2
2
5
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I
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p
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Vo
l.
11
,
No
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1
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r
ch
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r
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u
r
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5
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r
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ec
u
s
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J
Per
f
to
o
l
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
ab
le
2
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is
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lay
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o
m
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ar
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th
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ea
s
u
r
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a
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i
-
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ca
r
d
s
in
2
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4
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GHz
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an
d
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in
t
h
r
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s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
b
a
n
d
p
o
wer
is
with
in
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
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wer
s
p
ec
if
ied
b
y
co
m
m
er
cially
av
ailab
le
ac
ce
s
s
p
o
in
ts
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
er
s
.
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h
e
m
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s
u
r
em
en
t
r
esu
lts
ar
e
s
am
e
in
th
r
ee
iter
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s
wh
ich
s
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o
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at
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r
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r
e
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n
s
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tly
g
iv
in
g
th
e
m
o
r
e
o
r
less
s
am
e
r
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lts
.
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h
e
b
an
d
p
o
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m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t o
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a
W
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-
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d
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b
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e
r
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o
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m
ed
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a
m
in
u
tes
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r
all
ch
an
n
els:
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to
1
4
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b
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n
m
o
d
es)
&
3
6
,
4
0
.
4
4
,
4
8
,
1
4
9
,
1
5
3
,
1
5
7
,
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1
6
5
,
1
6
9
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a
n
d
1
7
3
(
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n
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ac
m
o
d
es).
B
y
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s
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g
th
ese
m
e
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r
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en
ts
to
tu
n
e
th
e
an
ten
n
a
to
o
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tim
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its
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e
r
f
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r
m
a
n
ce
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th
e
m
id
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le
f
r
eq
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en
cy
o
f
th
e
W
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-
Fi
b
an
d
.
Me
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r
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n
d
p
o
wer
lies
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th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
2
2
d
B
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co
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b
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8
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la
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p
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f
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m
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a
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d
s
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m
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ca
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f
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m
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f
b
an
d
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ty
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f
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n
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th
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tech
n
iq
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e
will
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h
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s
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tem
s
fo
r
lo
c
a
l
sw
it
c
h
e
s
(LN
M
S
),
f
o
r
G
S
M
sy
ste
m
s
(G
NMS
).
S
i
n
c
e
2
0
1
0
,
wo
r
k
in
g
o
n
v
a
li
d
a
ti
o
n
,
fiel
d
tes
ti
n
g
a
n
d
in
sta
l
latio
n
o
f
Wi
-
F
i
p
r
o
d
u
c
ts
a
s
p
e
r
st
a
n
d
a
rd
s
8
0
2
.
1
1
b
,
g
,
a
,
n
,
a
c
,
a
n
d
a
x
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
m
o
h
a
n
s@
c
d
o
t.
in
.
Bh
a
ska
r
a
Ra
o
S
a
n
k
a
,
a
g
ra
d
u
a
te
(B.
Tec
h
)
in
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
fr
o
m
Na
g
a
rju
n
a
U
n
iv
e
rsit
y
,
A
.
P
,
In
d
ia
a
n
d
P
o
st
g
ra
d
u
a
te
i
n
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
(M
.
B.
A)
fro
m
IG
NO
U
Ne
w
De
l
h
i.
W
o
rk
in
g
sin
c
e
S
e
p
t
.
1
9
9
5
i
n
Ce
n
ter
fo
r
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
Tele
m
a
ti
c
s,
a
p
io
n
e
e
r
in
Tele
c
o
m
S
e
c
to
r,
G
o
v
e
rn
m
e
n
t
o
f
I
n
d
ia,
Ba
n
g
a
lo
re
.
P
r
o
fe
ss
io
n
a
l
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
V
a
li
d
a
ti
o
n
o
f
tele
c
o
m
sy
ste
m
s,
field
tes
ti
n
g
,
a
p
p
r
o
v
a
ls
fr
o
m
sta
tu
t
o
ry
a
g
e
n
c
i
es
,
a
n
d
c
u
st
o
m
e
rs.
Ex
p
e
ri
e
n
c
e
d
in
Va
li
d
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
r
o
ll
o
u
t
o
f
tele
c
o
m
p
r
o
d
u
c
ts
l
ik
e
VSAT
sy
ste
m
s,
b
r
o
a
d
b
a
n
d
tran
sp
o
rt
th
r
o
u
g
h
sa
t
e
ll
it
e
,
a
c
c
e
ss
n
e
two
rk
s
a
n
d
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
o
p
ti
c
a
l
fib
re
n
e
two
r
k
NMS
(Bh
a
ra
tNe
t
NMS
).
Cu
rre
n
t
ly
lea
d
i
n
g
a
tea
m
o
f
re
se
a
rc
h
e
n
g
in
e
e
rs
in
v
a
li
d
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
fiel
d
tes
ti
n
g
o
f
W
i
F
i
sy
ste
m
s
,
LT
E
ENo
d
e
B,
m
o
d
e
m
s,
n
e
two
rk
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
sy
ste
m
s a
n
d
field
s
u
p
p
o
rt
o
f
th
e
s
a
m
e
.
H
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
sb
h
a
sk
a
r@c
d
o
t.
i
n
.
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