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Experime
ntal
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T
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R
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Ap
r
4
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2
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R
ev
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J
u
n
2
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ted
J
u
l
2
4
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2
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Th
e
sim
u
lati
o
n
a
n
d
imp
lem
e
n
tati
o
n
o
f
a
sli
d
i
n
g
m
o
d
e
c
o
n
tro
l
stra
teg
y
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o
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g
le
-
p
h
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se
d
y
n
a
m
ic
v
o
lt
a
g
e
re
sto
re
r
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to
m
it
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te
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d
v
o
lt
a
g
e
sa
g
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ll
a
n
d
h
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rm
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ics
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re
se
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ted
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th
is
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rk
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e
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o
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tro
l
stra
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y
'
s
g
o
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l
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to
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o
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p
e
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sa
te
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t
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e
re
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ired
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o
lt
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g
e
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y
re
g
u
latin
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th
e
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R'
s
v
o
lt
a
g
e
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ia
a
n
in
jec
ti
o
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tran
sfo
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e
r
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il
e
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e
e
p
in
g
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e
lo
a
d
v
o
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g
e
c
o
n
sta
n
t
.
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e
a
b
il
i
ty
o
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th
e
DV
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t
o
a
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h
iev
e
a
g
o
o
d
p
e
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rm
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a
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d
e
p
e
n
d
s
o
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it
s
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tr
o
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e
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o
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se
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se
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e
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ro
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o
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e
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e
o
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t
h
e
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i
ti
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ll
y
e
v
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lu
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ted
i
n
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u
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o
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sin
g
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ATLAB
a
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d
v
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li
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ted
u
sin
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lab
o
ra
t
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o
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e
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ircu
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o
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e
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d
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ffe
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K
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s
:
Dy
n
am
ic
v
o
ltag
e
r
esto
r
er
Har
m
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n
ics
Po
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q
u
ality
Sli
d
in
g
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e
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o
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tr
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ller
Vo
ltag
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s
ag
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well
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rticle
u
n
d
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CC B
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SA
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C
o
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r
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p
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A
uth
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r
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Dep
ar
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ah
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B
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ar
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ity
B
P 4
1
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R
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ad
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0
8
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B
ec
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ar
,
Aleg
r
ia
E
m
ail: to
u
f
ik
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ah
o
o
.
f
r
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Gr
id
f
ailu
r
es
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
d
is
tu
r
b
a
n
ce
s
s
u
ch
as
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
s
an
d
s
wells
ca
n
s
ev
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ely
af
f
ec
t
th
e
s
en
s
itiv
e
lo
ad
s
o
f
t
h
e
elec
tr
ical
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
[
1
]
,
an
d
ca
u
s
es
ab
o
u
t
9
0
%
o
f
av
er
ag
e
cu
s
to
m
e
r
o
u
tag
es
[
2
]
.
T
h
e
d
y
n
am
ic
v
o
ltag
e
r
esto
r
er
(
DVR
)
is
an
e
co
n
o
m
ical
an
d
tech
n
ically
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
p
r
o
tectin
g
s
en
s
itiv
e
lo
ad
s
f
r
o
m
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
d
is
tu
r
b
a
n
ce
s
s
u
ch
as
v
o
ltag
e
d
ip
s
,
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
r
esear
ch
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th
e
f
ie
ld
o
f
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
[
3
]
.
Du
r
in
g
a
v
o
ltag
e
d
is
tu
r
b
an
c
e,
s
u
ch
as
a
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
/s
well,
th
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
n
o
d
e
r
ec
eiv
es
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
co
m
p
e
n
s
atin
g
v
o
lta
g
e
with
th
e
n
ee
d
ed
a
m
p
litu
d
e
an
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
to
r
esto
r
e
th
e
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e
to
its
n
o
r
m
al
v
alu
e.
T
h
e
DVR
tr
ad
e
s
ac
tiv
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
w
ith
th
e
lo
a
d
d
u
r
in
g
th
is
o
p
er
at
io
n
.
I
n
th
e
ev
e
n
t
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
,
v
ar
io
u
s
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
d
ev
ices
s
u
ch
as
b
atte
r
ies,
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
,
an
d
f
ly
w
h
ee
ls
ar
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
i
n
co
n
ju
n
ctio
n
with
th
e
DVR to
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J
Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
3
3
7
–
346
338
DVRs
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
wi
th
a
v
a
r
iety
o
f
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
tw
o
ty
p
es
o
f
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
th
at
ca
n
b
e
class
if
ied
.
AC
/DC
/A
C
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
is
u
s
ed
b
y
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
ca
teg
o
r
y
.
A
m
ain
s
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
(
s
o
u
r
ce
s
id
e
o
r
lo
ad
s
id
e)
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
DC
v
o
l
t
ag
e
v
ia
a
r
ec
tifie
r
in
t
h
is
s
ce
n
ar
io
.
T
h
e
e
n
er
g
y
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
v
o
ltag
e
a
d
ju
s
tm
en
t
is
g
iv
en
v
ia
a
n
in
v
er
te
r
f
r
o
m
a
DC
ca
p
ac
ito
r
o
r
a
n
o
th
er
e
n
er
g
y
s
to
r
a
g
e
d
e
v
ice
s
u
ch
as
a
d
o
u
b
le
-
lay
er
ca
p
ac
i
to
r
,
a
s
u
p
er
c
o
n
d
u
ctin
g
m
ag
n
e
tic
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
d
ev
ice,
o
r
a
lead
-
a
c
i
d
b
atter
y
v
ia
an
in
v
e
r
ter
[4
]
,
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
-
in
te
g
r
al
(
PI
)
co
n
t
r
o
ller
a
n
d
o
th
er
class
ical
lin
ea
r
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
s
h
av
e
b
e
en
wid
ely
u
tili
ze
d
in
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
o
n
lin
e
ad
ju
s
tm
en
t
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
o
r
cu
r
r
en
t
f
l
u
ctu
atio
n
s
to
p
r
o
tect
s
en
s
itiv
e
eq
u
ip
m
en
t.
Gen
er
ally
,
th
e
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
p
u
ls
e
wid
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
SP
W
M)
is
u
s
ed
as
a
s
witch
in
g
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
th
e
DVR
cir
cu
its
.
R
ec
en
tly
,
a
n
ew
s
witch
in
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
DVR
u
s
in
g
o
n
e
c
y
cle
co
n
tr
o
l
m
eth
o
d
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
[
6
]
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
ca
n
r
em
o
v
e
s
ev
er
al
ty
p
es
o
f
v
o
l
tag
e
d
i
s
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
with
a
h
i
g
h
er
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
th
a
n
th
e
class
ical
P
W
M
f
o
r
DVRs
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
R
ec
en
tly
,
a
m
et
h
o
d
n
am
e
d
s
i
n
g
le
-
p
h
ase
SR
FT
(
Sin
g
le
p
h
a
s
e
SR
F
d
-
q
th
e
o
r
y
)
wh
ich
g
e
n
er
ates
a
r
ef
er
en
ce
f
o
r
th
e
in
jecte
d
v
o
lt
ag
e
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
d
a
p
p
lied
to
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
th
e
D
VR
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
is
co
n
tr
o
ller
h
as
p
r
o
v
ed
its
ef
f
e
ctiv
en
ess
in
m
itig
atin
g
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
s
o
f
a
d
is
to
r
ted
v
o
ltag
e
b
ased
o
n
th
e
m
o
v
in
g
av
e
r
ag
e
f
ilter
[
7
]
.
Dif
f
er
en
t
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
DVR
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
tu
d
ie
d
a
n
d
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
s
ch
em
e
s
[
8
]
-
[
1
0
]
.
I
n
[
1
1
]
,
th
e
a
u
th
o
r
s
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
DVR
d
esig
n
an
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l.
T
h
e
DVR
ca
n
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
b
id
i
r
ec
tio
n
al
en
er
g
y
f
l
o
w
with
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
i
x
o
f
s
er
ies
an
d
s
h
u
n
t
co
n
v
er
ter
s
.
T
o
co
m
p
en
s
at
e
f
o
r
s
ag
a
n
d
s
well,
DVRs
b
ased
o
n
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
c
o
n
v
er
ter
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
i
n
b
ac
k
-
to
-
b
ac
k
a
r
r
an
g
e
m
en
t
with
a
co
m
m
o
n
d
c
-
lin
k
ca
p
ac
i
to
r
.
T
h
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
DVR
ca
n
b
e
en
h
a
n
ce
d
b
y
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
er
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
t
r
o
l
m
et
h
o
d
.
Sev
er
al
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ch
em
es
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
wh
ich
ca
n
b
asically
b
e
class
if
ied
in
to
two
ty
p
es:
li
n
ea
r
an
d
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
co
n
tr
o
l.
L
in
ea
r
co
n
tr
o
ls
tech
n
iq
u
es
s
u
ch
as
d
ir
ec
t
co
n
tr
o
l,
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
c
o
n
tr
o
l
an
d
co
m
p
o
s
ite
co
n
tr
o
l
d
o
n
o
t
u
s
u
ally
lead
to
g
o
o
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
d
u
e
to
in
h
er
e
n
t
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
in
v
er
te
r
s
witch
in
g
d
ev
ices
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
3
]
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
DVR
b
ased
o
n
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
co
n
v
er
te
r
s
is
p
r
esen
ted
.
T
h
e
aim
is
to
m
ain
tain
th
e
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e
am
p
litu
d
e
at
th
e
d
esire
d
le
v
el
f
o
r
all
o
p
er
atin
g
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
A
s
lid
in
g
m
o
d
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
t
h
is
wo
r
k
.
SM
h
as
lo
n
g
b
ee
n
k
n
o
wn
f
o
r
its
a
b
ilit
y
to
d
ea
l
with
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
ities
an
d
u
n
ce
r
tain
ties
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
m
o
d
el
an
d
h
as
b
ee
n
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
i
n
m
an
y
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
th
e
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
llo
ws:
T
h
e
DVR's
o
p
er
atin
g
p
r
in
cip
l
e
is
d
escr
ib
ed
in
Sectio
n
2
,
its
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
an
d
its
d
if
f
er
en
t
o
p
er
atin
g
m
o
d
es
Sectio
n
3
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ch
em
e
o
f
th
e
DVR.
So
m
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
e
s
u
lts
f
o
r
a
lin
ea
r
lo
ad
ar
e
als
o
in
clu
d
e
d
in
Sectio
n
2
.
Sectio
n
4
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
s
et
-
u
p
o
f
th
e
lo
w
-
v
o
ltag
e
DVR
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
a
n
d
p
r
esen
ts
s
o
m
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
v
alid
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
l sch
em
e.
C
o
n
clu
s
io
n
s
ar
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
in
Sectio
n
5
o
f
th
e
p
a
p
er
.
2.
P
RINCI
P
L
E
O
F
O
P
E
R
AT
I
O
N
O
F
T
H
E
DVR
2
.
1
.
Sy
s
t
e
m
co
nfig
ura
t
io
n
A
ty
p
ical
s
in
g
le
-
lin
e
ar
r
an
g
e
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
DVR
att
ac
h
ed
to
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
A
b
o
o
s
ter
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
s
er
ies
with
a
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
e
r
ter
(
VSI
)
,
an
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
tem
,
an
d
a
ca
p
ac
ito
r
i
n
D
C
lin
k
to
m
ak
e
u
p
th
e
cir
cu
it
.
I
n
s
tead
o
f
th
e
VSI
,
o
th
er
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
em
p
lo
y
an
AC
-
AC
co
n
v
er
ter
,
wh
ich
elim
in
at
es th
e
DC
lin
k
f
r
o
m
th
e
cir
cu
it
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
y
p
ical
DVR s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
Dyn
a
mic
vo
lta
g
e
r
esto
r
er u
s
in
g
s
lid
in
g
mo
d
e
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
:
E
xp
erimen
ta
l stu
d
ies
(
To
u
mi
To
u
fik
)
339
2
.
2
.
E
qu
iv
a
lent
circ
uit
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
in
g
le
-
lin
e
eq
u
iv
ale
n
t
cir
cu
it
o
f
a
s
in
g
l
e
-
p
h
ase
s
y
s
tem
o
f
a
d
is
tr
ib
u
ti
o
n
f
ee
d
er
with
a
DV
R
.
I
n
th
is
s
im
p
lifie
d
eq
u
iv
alen
t
cir
cu
it,
it
is
as
s
u
m
ed
th
at
th
e
s
u
p
p
ly
v
o
ltag
e,
th
e
DVR
in
jectio
n
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
th
e
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e
ar
e
in
s
er
ies.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
is
to
m
ain
tain
th
e
am
p
litu
d
e
o
f
t
h
e
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e
at
a
f
ix
ed
lev
el
an
d
p
r
e
v
en
t
p
h
ase
ju
m
p
s
.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
(
)
,
an
d
(
)
d
en
o
te
th
e
g
r
id
v
o
ltag
e
,
th
e
DVR
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
(
in
jecte
d
t
o
th
e
g
r
id
)
,
an
d
t
h
e
lo
ad
v
o
lta
g
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
g
r
id
T
h
ev
en
in
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
im
p
ed
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
DVR
ar
e
d
en
o
te
d
b
y
(
)
an
d
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
(
)
r
ep
r
esen
ted
t
h
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tal
co
m
p
o
n
en
t o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
ltag
e.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
co
u
p
lin
g
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
,
th
e
DVR
in
jects
a
r
eg
u
lated
v
o
ltag
e
in
s
er
ies
with
th
e
b
u
s
v
o
ltag
e.
T
h
e
in
jecte
d
p
h
ase
v
o
ltag
es'
a
m
p
litu
d
es
ar
e
a
d
ju
s
ted
to
p
r
ev
en
t
th
e
lo
a
d
v
o
l
tag
e
f
r
o
m
b
ein
g
h
ar
m
e
d
b
y
a
b
u
s
f
au
lt.
T
h
e
lo
ad
b
u
s
f
ailu
r
e
lev
el
d
eter
m
in
es
th
e
s
y
s
tem
im
p
ed
an
ce
ℎ
.
T
h
e
DVR
in
jects
a
s
er
ies
v
o
ltag
e
V
DVR
to
m
ain
tain
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
.
wh
en
th
e
s
y
s
tem
v
o
ltag
e
ℎ
d
ec
r
ea
s
es.
T
h
e
DVR
'
s
s
er
ies in
jecte
d
v
o
ltag
e
ca
n
b
e
wr
itten
as
(
1
)
an
d
(
2
)
.
=
+
ℎ
∗
−
ℎ
(
1
)
=
+
(
2
)
W
h
er
e,
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
,
cu
r
r
e
n
t
an
d
im
p
ed
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
lo
ad
a
r
e
d
e
n
o
ted
b
y
,
an
d
ℎ
,
r
es
p
ec
tiv
ely
2
.
3
.
DVR
o
pera
t
ing
m
o
des
T
h
e
DVR h
as th
r
ee
m
o
d
es o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
: sta
n
d
b
y
,
i
n
jectio
n
,
an
d
p
r
o
tectio
n
m
o
d
e
[
1
6
]
.
2
.
3
.
1
.
Sta
nd
by
m
o
de
T
h
er
e
is
n
o
v
o
ltag
e
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
in
s
tan
d
b
y
m
o
d
e,
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
th
e
DVR
d
o
es
n
o
t
n
ee
d
to
in
jec
t
an
y
p
o
wer
in
to
th
e
g
r
i
d
,
i.e
=
0
.
I
n
d
iv
id
u
al
co
n
v
e
r
ter
leg
s
ar
e
tr
ig
g
e
r
ed
in
th
is
m
o
d
e
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
t
o
cr
ea
te
a
s
h
o
r
t c
ir
cu
it
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
,
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
E
q
u
iv
alen
t c
ir
c
u
it o
f
a
DVR
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Stan
d
b
y
m
o
d
e
o
f
th
e
DVR
2
.
3
.
2
.
I
nje
ct
io
n m
o
de
As
s
o
o
n
as
a
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
is
d
etec
ted
,
th
e
DVR
o
p
er
ates
in
th
e
in
jectio
n
m
o
d
e
an
d
in
jects
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
v
o
ltag
e
in
to
th
e
g
r
id
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
b
o
o
s
ter
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
2
.
3
.
3
.
P
ro
t
ec
t
io
n m
o
de
T
h
e
DVR
will
b
e
d
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
y
s
tem
b
y
b
y
p
ass
s
wi
tch
es
if
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
o
n
th
e
lo
ad
s
id
e
ex
ce
ed
s
a
leg
al
lim
it,
s
u
ch
as
d
u
r
in
g
a
lo
a
d
s
h
o
r
t
cir
c
u
it
o
r
ex
ce
s
s
iv
e
in
r
u
s
h
cu
r
r
en
t.
T
o
o
f
f
er
a
n
alter
n
ativ
e
p
ath
f
o
r
th
e
lo
a
d
cu
r
r
en
t,
s
witch
es S2
an
d
S3
will o
p
e
n
an
d
S1
wil
l b
e
clo
s
ed
,
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
ur
e
4
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
0
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Pro
tectio
n
m
o
d
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J
Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
3
3
7
–
346
340
3.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
CO
NT
RO
L
SC
H
E
M
E
O
F
T
H
E
DVR
A
d
etailed
m
o
d
el
o
f
DVR
an
d
its
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ch
em
e
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
u
n
d
e
r
MA
T
L
AB
/Si
m
u
lin
k
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
5.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Diag
r
a
m
o
f
s
in
g
le
-
e
n
d
ed
elec
tr
ical
r
e
p
r
esen
tatio
n
f
o
r
DVR
:
(
a)
T
y
p
ical
DVR s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
,
(
b
)
Ser
ies
co
n
v
er
ter
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
r
e
p
r
ese
n
tatio
n
I
n
th
is
way
,
th
e
e
q
u
iv
alen
t
cir
cu
it
o
f
th
e
DVR
is
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
b
)
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
Kir
ch
h
o
f
f
'
s
law
o
f
ten
s
io
n
with
th
e
cl
o
s
ed
-
cir
cu
it AC o
b
tain
s
a
m
ath
em
a
tical
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
(
3
)
a
n
d
(
4
)
[
2
1
]
.
0
=
+
+
(
3
)
=
+
1
∫
(
)
(
4
)
w
ith
:
:
C
o
n
tr
o
l in
p
u
t
:
I
n
d
u
ct
o
r
cu
r
r
en
t
o
f
th
e
s
er
ies
co
n
v
er
ter
:
Ou
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
0
:
d
c
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
:
Fil
tr
e
in
d
u
ctan
ce
:
Fil
tr
e
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
:
E
SR
o
f
in
d
u
cto
r
:
E
SR
o
f
ca
p
ac
ito
r
.
3
.
1
.
Sli
din
g
m
o
de
co
ntr
o
ller
3.
1
.1
.
T
heo
ry
o
f
SM
C
T
h
e
s
lid
in
g
m
o
d
e
is
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
o
p
er
atio
n
m
o
d
e
f
o
r
s
y
s
te
m
s
with
ch
an
g
ea
b
le
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
Var
iab
le
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
co
n
tr
o
l
is
a
n
o
n
-
lin
ea
r
co
n
tr
o
l
b
y
d
e
f
in
itio
n
.
T
h
e
ess
en
tial
f
ea
tu
r
e
o
f
s
y
s
tem
s
with
ch
an
g
ea
b
le
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
is
th
at
th
eir
co
n
tr
o
l
l
aws
ev
o
lv
e
in
a
n
o
n
-
lin
ea
r
f
as
h
io
n
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
o
f
r
eg
u
lato
r
s
b
y
s
lid
in
g
m
o
d
es
tak
es
ca
r
e
o
f
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
d
e
s
ir
ed
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
p
r
o
b
lem
s
i
n
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
way
.
T
h
is
co
n
tr
o
l
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
is
p
r
im
a
r
ily
im
p
lem
en
te
d
in
th
r
ee
p
ar
ts
:
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e;
th
e
estab
lis
h
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l la
w.
T
h
e
SMC
is
u
s
ed
in
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
th
e
DVR
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
its
d
y
n
am
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
wh
ile
a
tten
u
atin
g
v
o
ltag
e
d
is
tu
r
b
a
n
ce
s
th
at
p
en
e
tr
ate
th
e
s
y
s
tem
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
DVR
'
s
n
etwo
r
k
v
o
ltag
e.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
tate
-
s
p
ac
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
DVR
was
cr
ea
ted
b
y
ap
p
l
y
in
g
th
e
c
o
n
ce
p
t
o
f
v
a
r
iab
le
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
to
th
e
b
asi
c
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
DV
R
s
y
s
tem
,
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
{
=
1
−
1
=
−
1
−
+
1
(
5
)
Fil
ter
c
i
r
cu
i
t
Po
w
er
Con
ve
r
ter
En
er
g
y
St
o
r
a
g
e
Un
i
t
Con
ve
r
ter
P
o
w
er
Supp
l
y
Ser
i
es
I
n
j
ecte
d
T
r
a
n
sf
o
r
mer
Lo
a
d
V
s
V
L
V
D
VR
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
Dyn
a
mic
vo
lta
g
e
r
esto
r
er u
s
in
g
s
lid
in
g
mo
d
e
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
:
E
xp
erimen
ta
l stu
d
ies
(
To
u
mi
To
u
fik
)
341
W
h
er
e
an
d
r
ep
r
esen
t th
e
f
ilter
in
d
u
cto
r
cu
r
r
e
n
t a
n
d
s
o
u
r
ce
c
u
r
r
en
t r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
ak
i
n
g
th
e
i
n
jecte
d
v
o
ltag
e
1
=
an
d
b
y
d
er
iv
ate
1
,
̇
1
=
2
.
T
h
en
,
th
e
m
o
d
el
b
ec
o
m
es
(
6
)
.
{
̇
1
=
2
̇
2
=
−
1
1
−
2
−
−
1
+
(
6)
First,
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
g
en
er
al
s
ec
o
n
d
o
r
d
e
r
d
y
n
am
ic
s
y
s
tem
as (
7
)
.
{
̇
1
=
2
+
1
1
(
1
)
̇
2
=
2
2
(
1
,
2
)
+
(
1
+
2
)
(
7)
W
h
er
e,
(
.
)
,
=1
,
2
a
r
e
s
m
o
o
th
i
n
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
with
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
f
i
n
ite
tim
e
d
er
iv
ativ
es
an
d
(
)
is
in
v
er
tib
le.
T
o
s
im
p
lify
th
e
eq
u
atio
n
s
,
th
e
ar
g
u
m
en
ts
o
f
φ
i
(
.
)
an
d
b
(
.
)
will
b
e
d
r
o
p
p
ed
i
n
wh
at
f
o
llo
ws.
T
h
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
1
an
d
2
ar
e
k
n
o
wn
.
L
et
th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
b
e
=
f
o
r
=
1
,
2
.
T
h
e
er
r
o
r
is
d
ef
in
ed
as
(
8
)
an
d
(
9
)
[
2
2
]
:
1
=
,
−
,
=
,
−
1
(
8
)
{
̇
1
=
̇
,
−
2
−
1
1
=
2
̇
2
=
̈
,
−
2
2
−
−
1
1
1
+
(
2
+
1
1
)
(
9
)
3.
1
.2
.
Sli
din
g
s
urf
a
ce
s
elec
t
io
n
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
ws
t
h
e
s
lid
in
g
s
u
r
f
ac
e
.
T
h
e
s
lid
in
g
s
u
r
f
ac
e
with
its
d
er
iv
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
d
e
f
in
ed
a
s
(
1
0
)
a
n
d
(
1
1
)
[
2
2
]
.
=
1
+
2
(
10)
̇
=
2
+
2
̇
(
11)
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Sli
d
in
g
s
u
r
f
ac
e
Af
ter
,
u
s
in
g
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
L
y
a
p
u
n
o
v
f
u
n
ctio
n
:
(
)
=
½
2
,
th
en
its
tim
e
d
er
iv
ativ
e
is
(
1
2
)
.
̇
(
)
=
∗
̇
(
1
2
)
Fo
r
s
tab
ilit
y
,
̇
<
0
,
wh
ich
r
esu
lts
in
̇
<
0
f
o
r
>
0
an
d
̇
>
0
f
o
r
<
0
.
T
h
en
,
u
s
in
g
(
1
1
)
a
n
d
(
9
)
,
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l la
w
ca
n
b
e
d
e
r
iv
ed
as
(
1
3
)
.
u
=
1
b
[
λ
z
2
+
V
̈
i
n
j
,
r
ef
−
ϴ
2
φ
2
−
θ
1
∂
φ
1
∂
x
1
+
(
x
2
+
ϴ
1
φ
1
)
−
s
̇
]
(
1
3
)
T
h
e
er
r
o
r
ca
n
b
e
d
ef
i
n
ed
as
(
1
4
)
.
(
t
)
=
,
−
(
)
(
1
4
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J
Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
3
3
7
–
346
342
W
h
er
e
,
is
th
e
d
esire
d
r
ef
er
en
ce
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e
at
th
e
p
o
in
t
o
f
co
m
m
o
n
co
u
p
lin
g
(
PC
C
)
.
T
h
e
er
r
o
r
b
etwe
en
,
an
d
g
iv
es
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
o
f
th
e
in
jecte
d
v
o
ltag
e
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
th
e
in
je
ctio
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
[
2
3
].
T
h
e
in
s
tan
tan
eo
u
s
er
r
o
r
s
ig
n
al
1
is
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
lo
w
-
p
ass
f
ilter
with
th
e
in
jecte
d
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
o
ltag
e
.
T
h
e
s
lid
in
g
m
o
d
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
th
e
n
u
s
es
th
e
er
r
o
r
an
d
its
d
er
iv
ativ
e
(
,
∆
)
to
f
o
r
m
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
law
u
,
wh
ich
is
co
n
v
er
ted
to
a
PW
M
s
ig
n
al
f
o
r
s
witch
in
g
th
e
in
v
er
ter
I
GB
T
d
ev
ices
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
er
r
o
r
1
is
d
er
iv
ed
u
s
in
g
(
15
)
,
(
1
6
)
an
d
(
1
7
)
.
T
h
e
C
o
n
tr
o
l
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
DVR
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
1
=
,
−
=
,
−
1
(
1
5
)
̇
1
=
̇
,
−
̇
1
=
̇
,
−
̇
2
=
̇
2
(
1
6
)
̇
2
=
̇
,
=
̈
,
+
̇
,
+
1
̇
,
−
1
1
−
2
+
+
1
−
(
1
7
)
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
C
o
n
tr
o
l b
lo
c
k
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
DVR
T
h
e
s
elec
ted
s
lid
in
g
s
u
r
f
ac
e
w
as
=
1
1
+
2
2
alo
n
g
with
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l la
w
a
s
(
1
8
)
.
̇
=
(
)
∗
(
)
(
18)
W
h
er
e
(
1
9
)
(
)
=
−
[
1
/
q
(
s
)
]
(
1
9
)
An
d
(
)
is
g
iv
en
b
y
(
2
0
)
(
)
=
[
+
(
1
−
)
−
|
|
c
os
(
|
|
)
]
(
2
0
)
Af
ter
,
u
s
in
g
(
1
2
)
t
o
o
b
tain
th
e
SM
co
n
tr
o
l la
w
.
3.
1
.3
.
Det
er
m
ina
t
i
o
n o
f
co
nt
ro
l la
w
Fin
ally
,
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l la
w
ca
n
b
e
d
er
iv
ed
u
s
in
g
(
1
2
)
,
(
1
7
)
an
d
(
1
8
)
as
(
2
1
)
.
=
[
1
2
2
+
̈
,
+
1
1
+
1
+
+
1
]
+
1
2
[
∙
(
)
(
)
]
(
2
1
)
4.
E
XP
E
R
I
M
E
N
T
A
L
ST
UDY
O
F
T
H
E
DVR
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
e
h
a
r
d
war
e
u
s
ed
to
d
esig
n
th
e
e
x
p
er
im
en
tal
s
et
-
u
p
o
f
th
e
D
VR
an
d
its
au
x
iliar
y
cir
cu
its
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
Dyn
a
mic
vo
lta
g
e
r
esto
r
er u
s
in
g
s
lid
in
g
mo
d
e
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
:
E
xp
erimen
ta
l stu
d
ies
(
To
u
mi
To
u
fik
)
343
4
.
1
.
E
x
perim
ent
a
l set
up
o
f
t
he
DVR
Fig
u
r
e
8
s
h
o
ws
th
e
ex
p
e
r
im
e
n
tal
s
et
-
u
p
o
f
th
e
DVR
an
d
o
v
er
all
s
y
s
tem
b
lo
c
k
d
iag
r
am
d
esig
n
ed
in
th
is
wo
r
k
f
o
r
m
itig
atio
n
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
s
/s
well
s
an
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ics.
Par
am
eter
s
o
f
th
e
DVR
h
ar
d
war
e
s
etu
p
as
s
h
wo
n
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
DVR co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
[
2
6
]
:
a.
B
o
o
s
ter
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
.
b.
Pro
g
r
am
m
a
b
le
AC
p
o
wer
s
o
u
r
ce
c.
SEM
I
KR
ON
I
G
B
T
b
ased
in
v
er
ter
.
d.
filt
er
.
e.
Vo
ltag
e
r
eg
u
lato
r
s
.
f.
An
aly
ze
r
ca
-
8
3
3
5
-
q
u
alis
tar
g.
L
o
ad
an
d
o
s
cillo
s
co
p
e.
h.
Pro
g
r
am
m
a
b
le
DC
p
o
wer
s
o
u
r
ce
.
i.
A
d
SP
AC
E
DS1
1
0
4
b
o
ar
d
a
n
d
PC
co
m
p
u
ter
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
E
x
p
er
im
e
n
tal
s
et
-
u
p
o
f
th
e
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
DVR an
d
o
v
er
all
s
y
s
tem
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
T
ab
le
1.
Par
am
eter
s
o
f
th
e
DV
R
h
ar
d
war
e
s
etu
p
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
V
a
l
u
e
s
S
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
,
8
.
5
V
r
m
s
Lo
a
d
r
e
si
s
t
a
n
c
e
,
20
Ω
LC
f
i
l
t
e
r
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
a
n
c
e
,
1
nF
LC
f
i
l
t
e
r
i
n
d
u
c
t
a
n
c
e
,
24
.
6
mH
Tr
a
n
sf
o
r
mer
12
V
/
230
/
1
DC
-
b
u
s c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
2200
μ
F
R
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
,
∗
37
V
4
.
2
.
E
x
perim
ent
re
s
ults
T
o
v
alid
ate
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
DVR
co
n
tr
o
l
m
eth
o
d
,
a
n
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tal
test
d
esig
n
ed
u
n
d
er
a
T
e
x
as
I
n
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
d
SP
AC
E
ca
r
d
1
1
0
4
p
latf
o
r
m
,
in
s
er
te
d
in
to
a
Pen
ti
u
m
PC
allo
win
g
f
o
r
au
to
m
atic
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l.
Des
ig
n
o
f
p
r
o
t
o
ty
p
eo
f
DVR
an
d
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
d
u
r
in
g
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
an
d
s
well
c
o
n
d
itio
n
is
elab
o
r
ated
b
o
th
f
o
r
lo
ad
.
T
h
e
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tal
r
esu
lts
o
f
a
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
DVR
ar
e
d
es
cr
ib
ed
in
t
h
is
p
ar
t
to
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
DVR
f
o
r
lo
ad
-
s
id
e
v
o
lt
ag
e
r
e
g
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
s
witch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
is
s
et
at
2
0
k
Hz.
On
l
y
th
e
f
au
l
ts
g
en
er
ated
b
y
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
h
av
e
b
ee
n
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
.
T
h
e
l
o
ad
-
g
en
er
ated
f
au
lt
s
ar
e
n
o
t e
x
p
l
o
r
ed
in
th
is
wo
r
k
.
T
wo
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
test
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
test
aim
s
to
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
DVR
in
co
m
p
en
s
atin
g
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
s
f
o
r
a
p
er
io
d
o
f
a
f
ew
cy
c
les.
I
n
th
is
test
,
it
is
ass
u
m
ed
t
h
at
th
e
s
y
s
tem
ca
n
ex
p
er
ien
ce
a
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
o
f
u
p
to
3
8
%
o
f
th
e
n
o
m
in
al
v
o
ltag
e,
th
e
in
jecte
d
v
o
ltag
e
is
in
p
h
ase.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
a
r
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
On
th
e
lef
t
p
an
el,
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
s
n
ap
s
h
o
ts
o
f
th
e
v
o
ltag
es
an
d
th
e
r
ig
h
t
p
an
el
s
h
o
ws
th
e
zo
o
m
ed
wa
v
ef
o
r
m
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J
Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
3
3
7
–
346
344
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
E
x
p
er
im
e
n
tal
r
esu
lts
:
Vo
ltag
e
s
ag
/s
well
an
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
Sag
v
o
ltag
e
C
or
r
e
c
ted
Vo
ltag
e
s
well
C
o
r
r
ec
ted
I
njec
ted
volt
a
ge
H
a
r
mo
n
i
c
C
o
r
r
e
c
t
e
d
C
o
r
r
e
c
t
e
d
In
jec
ted
v
o
lt
a
g
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
Dyn
a
mic
vo
lta
g
e
r
esto
r
er u
s
in
g
s
lid
in
g
mo
d
e
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
:
E
xp
erimen
ta
l stu
d
ies
(
To
u
mi
To
u
fik
)
345
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ex
p
er
im
en
t
is
aim
ed
to
test
th
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
DVR
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ch
em
e
t
o
co
m
p
en
s
ate
v
o
ltag
e
s
wells;
i
n
jecte
d
v
o
ltag
e
is
o
u
t
o
f
p
h
ase.
T
o
s
im
u
late
th
i
s
f
au
lt
s
ce
n
a
r
io
,
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
v
o
ltag
e
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
b
y
2
0
%
f
o
r
a
p
er
io
d
o
f
a
f
ew
c
y
cles
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
On
ce
th
e
f
au
lt
is
clea
r
ed
,
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
v
o
ltag
e
is
r
esto
r
ed
t
o
it
s
in
itial
v
alu
e.
B
o
th
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
an
d
s
well
ar
e
in
itiated
at
t
=
1
2
.
8
s
an
d
clea
r
ed
at
t
=
1
5
.
8
s
,
i.e
.
,
th
ey
last
f
o
r
3
s
.
An
in
jectio
n
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
co
n
n
ec
ted
b
etwe
en
th
e
s
u
p
p
ly
an
d
th
e
l
o
ad
co
m
p
en
s
ates th
e
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e
b
y
in
jectin
g
a
v
o
ltag
e
i
n
s
er
ies with
th
e
s
u
p
p
ly
v
o
ltag
e.
Har
m
o
n
ics
ca
n
b
e
elim
in
ate
d
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
DVR.
T
o
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
s
u
g
g
e
s
t
ed
DVR's
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies,
it
is
ass
u
m
ed
th
at
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
v
o
ltag
e
is
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
d
is
to
r
ted
d
u
e
to
h
ar
m
o
n
ics.
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
d
ep
icts
th
e
r
esu
lts
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
T
o
tal
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
.
E
lectr
ical
g
r
id
an
d
Pro
t
ec
ted
lo
ad
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
A
d
y
n
a
m
ic
v
o
ltag
e
r
es
to
r
e
r
i
s
em
p
lo
y
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
to
m
itig
ate
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
s
in
t
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
,
th
er
e
b
y
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
is
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
tly
im
p
r
o
v
ed
.
I
n
a
MA
T
L
AB
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
th
e
DVR
was
m
o
d
eled
an
d
s
im
u
lated
,
a
n
d
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
was
ev
alu
ated
u
n
d
er
f
au
lt
s
itu
atio
n
s
with
a
l
in
ea
r
lo
ad
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
t
h
at
th
e
DVR
is
ab
le
o
f
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
i
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
I
n
th
e
p
r
esen
t
p
ap
e
r
a
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
-
b
ased
co
n
tr
o
ller
was
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
e
DVR.
T
h
is
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
ca
n
b
e
ea
s
ily
ex
ten
d
ed
to
n
-
p
h
ase
s
y
s
tem
s
s
u
ch
as th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
am
e
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
,
it’s n
o
t
n
ee
d
in
g
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
s
witch
es wh
en
it o
p
er
ates.
T
h
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
SMC
-
b
ased
DVR
to
co
m
p
en
s
ate
f
o
r
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
o
n
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
id
e
h
as
b
ee
n
v
alid
ated
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
tally
ad
a
g
o
o
d
d
y
n
am
ic
r
esp
o
n
s
e
h
as
b
ee
n
ac
h
ie
v
ed
f
o
r
t
h
e
f
au
lt
co
n
d
itio
n
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
en
s
ated
v
o
ltag
e
i
n
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
ca
s
e
wa
s
with
in
th
e
I
E
E
E
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
I
E
E
E
5
1
9
-
1
9
9
2
an
d
I
E
E
E
1
1
5
9
-
1
9
9
5
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
ar
e
g
r
atef
u
l
f
o
r
a
r
esear
ch
g
r
a
n
t
f
r
o
m
DGRS
DT
(
Gen
er
al
Dir
ec
tio
n
o
f
Scien
tific
R
esear
ch
an
d
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
M.
H.
J.
B
o
ll
e
n
,
"
U
n
d
e
rsta
n
d
in
g
p
o
we
r
q
u
a
li
t
y
p
ro
b
lem
s
"
v
o
lt
a
g
e
sa
g
s
a
n
d
i
n
ter
ru
p
t
io
n
s
,
Ne
w
Yo
r
k
:
IE
E
E
p
re
ss
,
2
0
0
0
.
[2
]
C.
Ja
y
a
sh
a
n
k
a
r,
R.
I
lan
g
o
,
V.
P
ra
b
a
h
a
ra
n
“
S
i
n
g
le
p
h
a
se
d
y
n
a
m
ic
v
o
lt
a
g
e
re
sto
re
r
fo
r
a
b
n
o
r
m
a
l
c
o
n
d
it
io
n
s
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
A
p
p
l
ied
S
c
ien
c
e
s
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
4,
2
0
1
5
[3
]
H.
Ab
d
o
ll
a
h
z
a
d
e
h
,
M
.
Ja
z
a
e
ri,
A.
Tav
i
g
h
i
“
A
n
e
w
fa
st
-
c
o
n
v
e
r
g
e
d
e
stim
a
ti
o
n
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
fo
r
Dy
n
a
m
ic
Vo
lt
a
g
e
Re
sto
re
r
(DV
R)
to
c
o
m
p
e
n
sa
te
v
o
lt
a
g
e
sa
g
s
in
wa
v
e
f
o
rm
d
isto
r
ti
o
n
c
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
s
,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
Po
we
r &
En
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
5
4
,
p
p
.
5
9
8
-
6
09
,
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
ij
e
p
e
s.2
0
1
3
.
0
8
.
0
1
2
.
[4
]
N.
M
.
S
a
l
g
a
d
o
-
He
rre
ra
,
A.
M
e
d
i
n
a
-
Rio
s,
R.
Tap
ia
-
S
á
n
c
h
e
z
,
O.
A
n
a
y
a
-
Lara
a
n
d
J.
R.
R
o
d
rí
g
u
e
z
-
R
o
d
rí
g
u
e
z
,
“
S
a
g
s
a
n
d
sw
e
ll
s
c
o
m
p
e
n
sa
ti
o
n
a
n
d
p
o
we
r
fa
c
to
r
c
o
rre
c
ti
o
n
u
sin
g
a
d
y
n
a
m
ic
v
o
l
tag
e
re
sto
re
r
i
n
d
istri
b
u
ti
o
n
s
y
ste
m
s,
”
2
0
1
7
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Au
t
u
m
n
M
e
e
ti
n
g
o
n
Po
we
r,
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
s
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ti
n
g
(ROP
EC)
,
2
0
1
7
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/ROP
EC.
2
0
1
7
.
8
2
6
1
6
3
3
.
[5
]
S
.
A.
Tah
e
r,
H.
T.
F
a
rd
a
n
d
E.
B
.
Ka
sh
a
n
i
,
“
Ne
w
sw
it
c
h
in
g
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
fo
r
DV
R
u
si
n
g
o
n
e
c
y
c
le
c
o
n
tro
l
m
e
th
o
d
,
”
Ai
n
S
h
a
m
s E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
2
2
7
-
2
2
5
4
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
a
se
j.
2
0
1
7
.
0
3
.
0
0
3
.
[6
]
M
.
T
u
m
a
y
,
A.
Tek
e
,
K.
Ca
g
a
ta
y
,
M
.
Ba
y
in
d
ir
a
n
d
U.
Cu
m
a
,
“
S
imu
latio
n
a
n
d
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
o
f
a
d
y
n
a
m
ic
v
o
lt
a
g
e
re
sto
re
r
,”
In
:
Pro
c
EL
ECO
,
Tu
r
k
e
y
,
2
0
0
6
,
p
p
.
1
–
5.
C
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J
Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
3
3
7
–
346
346
[7
]
D.
N
.
Ka
lo
te
,
M
.
B.
Da
ig
a
v
a
n
e
,
S
.
P
.
G
a
w
a
d
e
a
n
d
P
.
M
.
Da
ig
a
v
a
n
e
,
“
An
a
ly
sis
,
d
e
sig
n
a
n
d
imp
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
sin
g
le
p
h
a
se
S
RF
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
r
fo
r
d
y
n
a
m
ic
v
o
lt
a
g
e
re
sto
re
r
u
n
d
e
r
d
isto
rted
su
p
p
l
y
,
”
En
e
rg
y
Pr
o
c
e
d
i
a
,
v
o
l.
1
1
7
,
p
p
:
716
-
7
2
3
,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
e
g
y
p
ro
.
2
0
1
7
.
0
5
.
1
8
6
.
[8
]
E.
Ba
b
a
e
i,
M
.
F
.
Ka
n
g
a
rlu
a
n
d
M
.
S
a
b
a
h
i,
"
M
it
i
g
a
ti
o
n
o
f
v
o
lt
a
g
e
d
istu
rb
a
n
c
e
s u
si
n
g
d
y
n
a
m
ic v
o
lt
a
g
e
re
sto
re
r
b
a
se
d
o
n
d
irec
t
c
o
n
v
e
rters
,
"
in
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
P
o
we
r
De
li
v
e
ry
,
v
o
l.
2
5
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
6
7
6
-
2
6
8
3
,
Oc
t.
2
0
1
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TP
WRD.
2
0
1
0
.
2
0
5
4
1
1
6
.
[9
]
E.
Ba
b
a
e
i
a
n
d
M
.
F
.
Ka
n
g
a
rlu
,
“
Op
e
ra
ti
o
n
a
n
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
d
y
n
a
m
ic
v
o
lt
a
g
e
re
sto
re
r
u
sin
g
sin
g
le
-
p
h
a
se
d
irec
t
c
o
n
v
e
rter
,
”
E
n
e
rg
y
Co
n
v
e
rs
io
n
a
n
d
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
v
o
l.
52
,
n
o
.
8
-
9,
p
p
.
2
9
6
5
–
2
9
7
2
,
2
0
1
1
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
e
n
c
o
n
m
a
n
.
2
0
1
1
.
0
4
.
0
1
4
.
[1
0
]
H.
Ezo
ji
,
A.
S
h
e
ik
h
o
les
lam
i,
M
.
Re
z
a
n
e
z
h
a
d
a
n
d
H
.
Li
v
a
n
i
,
“
A
n
e
w
c
o
n
tro
l
m
e
th
o
d
fo
r
d
y
n
a
m
ic
v
o
lt
a
g
e
re
sto
re
r
with
a
sy
m
m
e
tri
c
a
l
i
n
v
e
rter
le
g
s
b
a
se
d
o
n
f
u
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
r
,
”
S
im
u
la
t
io
n
M
o
d
e
ll
in
g
Pra
c
ti
c
e
a
n
d
T
h
e
o
ry
,
v
o
l.
18
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
8
0
6
-
8
1
9
,
2
0
1
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
sim
p
a
t.
2
0
1
0
.
0
1
.
0
1
7
.
[1
1
]
A.
M
e
e
n
a
,
S
.
Isla
m
,
S
.
A
n
a
n
d
,
Y.
S
o
n
a
wa
n
e
a
n
d
S
.
Tu
n
g
a
re
,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
sin
g
le
-
p
h
a
se
d
y
n
a
m
ic
v
o
lt
a
g
e
re
sto
re
r
,
”
S
a
d
h
a
n
a
,
vol
.
4
2
,
no
.
8
,
p
p
.
1
3
6
3
–
1
3
7
5
,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/s1
2
0
4
6
-
0
1
7
-
0
6
5
3
-
5
.
[1
2
]
J.
G
.
Nie
lse
n
,
M
.
Ne
wm
a
n
,
H.
Nie
lse
n
a
n
d
F
.
Blaa
b
jerg
,
“
Co
n
tro
l
a
n
d
tes
ti
n
g
o
f
a
d
y
n
a
m
ic
v
o
lt
a
g
e
re
sto
re
r
(DV
R)
a
t
m
e
d
iu
m
v
o
lt
a
g
e
lev
e
l,
”
in
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
1
9
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
8
0
6
-
8
1
3
,
M
a
y
2
0
0
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TP
EL
.
2
0
0
4
.
8
2
6
5
0
4
.
[1
3
]
A.
G
h
o
sh
a
n
d
G
.
Led
wic
h
,
“
Po
we
r
q
u
a
li
ty
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
me
n
t
u
si
n
g
c
u
st
o
m
p
o
we
r
d
e
v
ice
s
,
”
Klu
we
r
Ac
a
d
e
m
ic
P
u
b
l
ish
e
rs,
2
0
0
2
.
[1
4
]
M
.
Na
b
ip
o
u
r
,
M
.
Ra
z
a
z
,
S
.
G
H.
S
e
ifo
ss
a
d
a
t
a
n
d
S
.
S
.
M
o
rtaz
a
v
i,
“
A
n
o
v
e
l
a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
fu
z
z
y
m
e
m
b
e
rsh
ip
fu
n
c
ti
o
n
tu
n
i
n
g
a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
f
o
r
ro
b
u
st
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
a
P
V
-
b
a
se
d
Dy
n
a
m
ic
Vo
lt
a
g
e
Re
sto
re
r
(DV
R)
,
”
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
o
f
Arti
fi
c
ia
l
I
n
telli
g
e
n
c
e
,
v
o
l.
5
3
,
p
p
.
1
5
5
-
1
7
5
,
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
e
n
g
a
p
p
a
i.
2
0
1
6
.
0
4
.
0
0
7
.
[1
5
]
T.
To
u
m
i,
A.
Allali
,
O.
Ab
d
e
lk
h
a
lek
,
A.
Be
n
Ab
d
e
l
k
a
d
e
r,
A.
M
e
fto
u
h
i,
a
n
d
M
.
A.
S
o
u
m
e
u
r,
"
P
V
In
t
e
g
ra
ted
sin
g
le
-
p
h
a
se
d
y
n
a
m
ic
v
o
lt
a
g
e
re
sto
re
r
f
o
r
sa
g
v
o
lt
a
g
e
,
v
o
lt
a
g
e
fl
u
c
tu
a
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
h
a
rm
o
n
ics
c
o
m
p
e
n
sa
ti
o
n
,"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
(
IJ
PE
DS
)
,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
5
4
7
-
5
5
4
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
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j
p
e
d
s.v
1
1
.
i1
.
p
p
5
4
7
-
5
5
4
.
[1
6
]
S
.
Ezh
il
a
ra
sa
n
,
G
.
Ba
las
u
b
ra
m
a
n
ian
,
“
DV
R
fo
r
v
o
l
tag
e
sa
g
m
i
ti
g
a
ti
o
n
u
sin
g
P
I
wit
h
fu
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Res
e
a
rc
h
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
0
9
0
-
1
0
9
5
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
7
]
R.
Om
a
r
a
n
d
N.
A.
Ra
h
im,
"
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
sim
u
lati
o
n
fo
r
v
o
lt
a
g
e
sa
g
s/sw
e
ll
s
m
it
ig
a
ti
o
n
u
sin
g
d
y
n
a
m
ic
v
o
l
tag
e
re
sto
re
r
(DV
R),
"
2
0
0
8
A
u
stra
l
a
si
a
n
U
n
ive
rs
it
ies
Po
we
r E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
2
0
0
8
,
p
p
.
1
-
5.
[1
8
]
M
.
Kh
o
d
ja,
D.
Ra
h
iel,
M
.
B.
Be
n
a
b
d
a
ll
a
h
,
H.
M
e
ra
b
e
t
B
o
u
l
o
u
i
h
a
,
A.
Allali,
A.
C
h
a
k
e
r
a
n
d
M
.
De
n
a
i,
"
Hi
g
h
-
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
m
u
lt
ice
ll
se
ries
i
n
v
e
rter
-
fe
d
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
o
t
o
r
Dri
v
e
"
,
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
9
9
,
p
p
.
1
1
2
1
–
1
1
3
7
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/s
0
0
2
0
2
-
0
1
6
-
0
4
7
2
-
4
[1
9
]
N.
Ha
m
z
a
h
,
M
.
R.
M
u
h
a
m
a
d
a
n
d
P
.
M
.
Ars
a
d
,
"
in
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
o
n
th
e
e
ffe
c
ti
v
e
n
e
ss
o
f
d
y
n
a
m
ic
v
o
lt
a
g
e
re
sto
re
r
f
o
r
v
o
lt
a
g
e
sa
g
m
it
i
g
a
ti
o
n
,
"
2
0
0
7
5
th
S
t
u
d
e
n
t
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Re
se
a
rc
h
a
n
d
De
v
e
lo
p
me
n
t
,
2
0
0
7
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
S
CORED.2
0
0
7
.
4
4
5
1
4
4
7
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4
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T.
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o
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5
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6
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T.
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u
m
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A.
Allali,
O
.
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b
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.
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s:
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sig
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tal
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st co
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,
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.
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