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s
p
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Mo
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SF
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A
uth
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r
:
A
.
Set
tao
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ti
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E
lectr
o
tech
n
ic
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t,
Un
i
v
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it
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.
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B
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.
1
5
0
5
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l
-
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an
-
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ia
.
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m
ail:
s
e
ttao
u
ti
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y
ah
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o
.
fr
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
p
lasm
a
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
ar
e
p
r
esen
t
in
m
a
n
y
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ies
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d
a
co
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tin
u
all
y
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u
g
m
en
t
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s
in
to
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ield
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o
f
ac
ti
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.
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las
m
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s
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i
n
m
a
n
y
d
if
f
e
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t
ap
p
licatio
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li
k
e
n
an
o
tec
h
n
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lo
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ies,
p
las
m
a
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
b
io
-
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies,
an
d
b
io
m
ed
ical
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
1
-
7
]
.
T
h
e
s
u
l
f
u
r
h
e
x
a
f
l
u
o
r
id
e
(
SF
6
)
h
as
a
lar
g
e
cr
o
s
s
s
ec
tio
n
f
o
r
attac
h
i
n
g
th
e
elec
tr
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s
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d
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h
e
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tiatio
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ev
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is
ch
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n
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ap
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f
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eld
.
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ith
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ielec
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t
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t
h
e
S
u
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ig
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s
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an
s
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ase
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n
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atten
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h
as
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ee
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co
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s
ec
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ated
to
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g
t
h
e
p
h
y
s
ical
p
r
o
p
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ties
o
f
th
is
g
a
s
[
6
-
1
0
]
.
I
n
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
p
las
m
a
tech
n
o
lo
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ie
s
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th
e
m
o
d
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g
o
f
p
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ce
s
s
es
in
p
las
m
a
h
as
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im
p
o
r
tan
t
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le.
T
h
e
s
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m
u
latio
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i
s
s
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g
n
if
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n
t
an
d
u
s
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f
u
l
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n
th
e
s
e
ar
ch
f
o
r
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o
p
ti
m
al
co
n
d
iti
o
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s
in
t
h
e
p
las
m
a
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
s
w
ar
m
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
ar
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o
f
i
m
p
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tan
ce
i
n
t
h
e
m
o
d
elli
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g
o
f
elec
tr
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d
is
ch
ar
g
es
an
d
p
las
m
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p
ar
ticles
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d
is
ch
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d
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a.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
i
n
th
e
elec
tr
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d
is
ch
ar
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d
p
las
m
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tr
an
s
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co
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tr
o
l o
f
th
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ap
p
ar
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s
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w
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las
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a.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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A
p
p
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w
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I
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N:
2252
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8792
E
lectro
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p
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mete
r
s
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SF
6
u
n
d
er time
va
r
yin
g
elec
tr
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field
s
(
A.
S
etta
o
u
ti
)
7
T
h
e
Mo
n
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C
ar
lo
tech
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iq
u
e
is
th
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b
etter
m
et
h
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f
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n
g
an
ex
ce
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t
d
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f
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p
ar
ticle’
s
k
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in
th
e
elec
tr
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d
i
s
c
h
ar
g
e
s
an
d
p
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s
m
a.
T
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f
s
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s
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m
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d
s
p
a
tial
ev
o
lu
tio
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s
o
f
p
ar
ticles
[
1
1
-
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
s
w
ar
m
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
th
e
c
h
ar
g
ed
p
ar
ticles
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s
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f
o
r
th
e
elec
tr
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d
is
ch
ar
g
e
an
d
p
las
m
a
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p
licatio
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ar
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d
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ce
d
th
eo
r
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ll
y
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d
ex
p
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i
m
e
n
tall
y
u
n
d
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th
e
s
tatic
elec
tr
ic
f
ie
ld
s
.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
p
o
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t
co
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f
icie
n
t
s
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th
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s
w
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m
p
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s
ar
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d
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i
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as
a
f
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E
/N
t
h
e
ef
f
e
ctiv
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
(
E
elec
tr
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f
ield
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d
N
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m
b
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r
d
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it
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)
in
th
e
s
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tate
(
s
tatic
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tr
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.
Ho
w
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th
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tr
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ield
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ti
m
e
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n
g
in
th
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p
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m
a
p
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s
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in
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i
s
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d
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s
w
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m
p
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m
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T
h
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p
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w
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k
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m
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s
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w
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m
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f
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d
if
f
er
e
n
t r
ates o
f
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
.
2.
S
I
M
UL
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O
N
M
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AN
D
M
E
T
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O
D
T
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allo
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n
g
a
co
m
p
lete
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
th
e
ch
ar
g
ed
p
ar
ticles
k
i
n
etics
.
M
o
n
te
C
ar
lo
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
llo
w
s
t
h
e
s
p
atial
an
d
te
m
p
o
r
al
ev
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
th
e
ch
ar
g
ed
p
ar
ticles
an
d
s
i
m
u
late
s
th
e
r
ea
l
p
h
y
s
ical
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
p
o
r
t
o
f
ch
ar
g
ed
p
ar
ticle
s
i
n
a
n
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
w
i
t
h
th
e
Mo
n
te
C
ar
lo
m
et
h
o
d
is
p
r
esen
ted
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
i
n
th
i
s
m
et
h
o
d
is
to
f
o
llo
w
th
e
tr
aj
ec
to
r
ies
o
f
th
e
ch
ar
g
ed
p
ar
ticles
b
et
w
ee
n
co
llis
io
n
s
a
n
d
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
th
e
n
at
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
co
llis
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
p
ar
ticles
w
ith
th
e
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
g
as.
I
n
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
w
e
co
n
s
id
er
o
n
l
y
th
e
co
llis
io
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
ele
ctr
o
n
s
w
it
h
t
h
e
m
o
lec
u
les
o
f
t
h
e
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
g
a
s
,
an
d
n
eg
lec
t
th
e
elec
tr
o
n
-
elec
tr
o
n
co
llis
io
n
s
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
o
b
tain
a
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t
p
r
ec
is
io
n
a
h
ig
h
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
s
ar
e
f
o
llo
w
ed
,
an
d
t
h
e
tr
an
s
p
o
r
t
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
o
b
tain
ed
af
ter
th
e
elec
tr
o
n
s
w
ar
m
s
ar
e
r
ea
ch
ed
th
e
h
y
d
r
o
d
y
n
a
m
ic
s
co
n
d
it
io
n
s
.
I
n
t
h
e
p
r
esen
t
Mo
n
te
C
ar
lo
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
,
a
n
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
i
s
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
g
as
g
ap
as a
lin
ea
r
l
y
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
ti
m
e.
t
a
N
E
.
(
1
)
W
h
er
e
N
E
is
in
T
d
an
d
th
e
ti
m
e
t
in
n
a
n
o
s
ec
o
n
d
,
a
is
a
co
n
s
tan
t
.
W
ith
a
co
s
in
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
an
d
a
m
ea
n
e
n
er
g
y
o
f
0
.
1
eV
th
e
i
n
itial
elec
tr
o
n
s
ar
e
in
j
ec
ted
in
th
e
g
ap
at
t=0
an
d
r
=0
.
Fo
r
to
n
o
t
in
f
l
u
en
ce
th
e
r
u
n
n
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
w
ar
m
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
i
n
t
h
e
t
i
m
e
s
th
e
en
er
g
y
is
lo
w
e
n
o
u
g
h
,
an
d
w
e
h
a
v
e
n
o
t c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
th
e
i
n
t
er
ac
tio
n
s
w
it
h
t
h
e
elec
tr
o
d
es.
W
ith
th
e
eq
u
atio
n
s
o
f
m
o
tio
n
,
th
e
n
e
w
p
o
s
itio
n
s
an
d
en
er
g
ies
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
o
n
s
ar
e
ca
lcu
lated
.
Un
d
er
th
e
a
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
o
r
ce
th
e
e
lectr
o
n
s
m
o
v
e
i
n
t
h
e
ti
m
e
s
tep
s
d
t.
B
y
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
w
it
h
a
co
m
p
u
ter
-
g
en
er
ate
d
r
an
d
o
m
n
u
m
b
er
,
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
co
lli
s
io
n
an
d
th
e
n
atu
r
e
o
f
co
llis
io
n
ar
e
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
cr
o
s
s
s
ec
tio
n
s
o
f
all
p
o
s
s
ib
le
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
ar
e
u
tili
ze
d
an
d
is
o
tr
o
p
ic
s
ca
tter
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
ar
e
ass
u
m
ed
[
1
3
]
.
I
n
th
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
w
e
u
til
ize
a
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
g
as
o
f
SF
6
m
o
lecu
les
w
it
h
a
n
u
m
b
er
d
en
s
it
y
o
f
N=
3
.
5
6
.
1
0
22
m
-
3
in
a
s
p
h
er
ical
co
o
r
d
in
ate
s
y
s
te
m
.
A
u
n
it
o
f
1
T
d
=
1
0
-
21
V.
m
2
is
u
s
ed
to
av
o
id
lar
g
e
n
eg
at
iv
e
p
o
w
er
s
o
f
1
0
.
T
h
e
cr
o
s
s
s
ec
ti
o
n
s
et
o
f
SF
6
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
is
t
h
at
o
f
Ha
y
es
et
al
,
[
1
4
]
,
P
ea
ch
[
1
5
,
1
6
]
an
d
I
to
h
et
al.
[
1
7
]
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
Fo
r
th
e
m
o
d
elli
n
g
an
d
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
las
m
a
a
n
d
elec
tr
ical
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
s
,
it
i
s
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
t
al
to
k
n
o
w
th
e
elec
tr
o
n
tr
an
s
p
o
r
ts
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
d
if
f
u
s
io
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
s
,
io
n
izatio
n
an
d
attac
h
m
e
n
t
co
ef
f
icien
ts
,
an
d
o
th
er
r
ea
ctio
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
ts
in
g
a
s
es.
T
h
e
d
r
if
t
v
elo
cit
y
o
f
e
lectr
o
n
s
m
o
v
in
g
in
to
t
h
e
s
p
ac
e
s
tr
e
s
s
ed
b
y
a
n
e
lectr
ic
f
ield
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
an
io
n
ized
g
as
(
el
e
ctr
ical
d
is
ch
ar
g
es
an
d
p
las
m
a)
.
T
h
e
elec
tr
o
n
d
r
if
t
v
elo
cit
y
i
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
m
o
d
ellin
g
a
n
d
s
i
m
u
latio
n
o
f
t
h
e
elec
tr
ical
d
is
c
h
ar
g
e
s
an
d
p
las
m
a,
th
is
d
r
i
f
t
v
elo
cit
y
g
iv
e
s
t
h
e
av
er
ag
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
elec
tr
o
n
s
u
n
d
er
th
e
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
f
an
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
.
S
w
ar
m
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
a
s
a
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
E
/N
ar
e
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
in
t
h
is
w
o
r
k
.
I
n
th
e
elec
tr
ic
p
o
w
er
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
f
o
r
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
a
n
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
i
o
n
o
f
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
it
h
g
as
i
n
s
u
lated
ar
e
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
w
e
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
s
w
ar
m
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
s
i
n
an
elec
tr
o
n
e
g
ati
v
e
g
as
(
SF
6
)
,
a
n
d
th
e
Mo
n
te
C
ar
lo
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
u
s
ed
.
T
h
is
k
i
n
etic
m
et
h
o
d
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
th
e
el
ec
tr
ical
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
s
an
d
io
n
ized
g
ases
esti
m
ati
n
g
th
e
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e
o
f
a
s
p
ec
ies
o
f
c
h
ar
g
ed
p
ar
ticles,
a
f
ter
co
lli
s
io
n
s
th
e
lo
s
s
a
n
d
g
ain
s
i
n
th
e
e
n
er
g
ie
s
ter
m
i
n
a
te
in
o
th
er
s
ca
te
g
o
r
ies.
T
h
e
Mo
n
te
C
ar
lo
m
et
h
o
d
allo
w
s
u
s
to
f
o
llo
w
a
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ch
ar
g
ed
p
ar
ticles.
T
h
e
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
ti
m
e
in
t
h
is
m
e
th
o
d
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
t
h
e
ch
ar
g
ed
p
ar
ticles
in
t
h
e
g
ap
a
n
d
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
c
o
llis
io
n
s
o
c
cu
r
r
in
g
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
c
h
ar
g
ed
p
ar
ticles
b
et
w
ee
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8792
I
n
t J
A
p
p
l
P
o
w
er
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
,
A
p
r
il
2
0
2
0
:
6
–
11
8
th
e
elec
tr
o
d
es.
I
n
an
elec
tr
o
n
eg
ati
v
e
g
as
t
h
e
s
ee
d
elec
tr
o
n
s
ca
n
d
is
ap
p
ea
r
b
y
th
e
attac
h
m
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
an
d
s
to
p
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
i
n
t
h
e
lo
w
E
/N
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
W
ith
ad
eq
u
ate
r
elatio
n
s
w
e
c
alcu
late
t
h
e
s
w
ar
m
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
in
t
h
e
s
p
ac
e
an
d
ti
m
e
f
o
r
th
e
ch
ar
g
ed
p
ar
ticles,
an
d
th
e
d
eter
m
i
n
atio
n
o
f
tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
co
ef
f
icie
n
ts
.
T
h
e
d
r
if
t
v
elo
cit
y
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
E
/N
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
d
E
/d
t.
W
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
o
n
th
e
cu
r
v
e
s
a
p
ea
k
w
h
ic
h
d
ev
elo
p
s
at
lo
w
E
/N
r
eg
io
n
an
d
t
h
is
p
ea
k
d
is
p
lace
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
e
to
lar
g
er
E
/N
f
o
r
lar
g
er
d
E
/d
t.
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
2
T
h
is
p
h
en
o
m
e
n
o
n
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
i
n
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
co
n
d
itio
n
a
n
d
is
n
e
v
er
f
o
u
n
d
i
n
s
tead
y
s
tate
d
c
f
ie
ld
co
n
d
itio
n
s
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
[
1
8
-
2
4
]
.
T
h
is
p
ea
k
r
ef
lects
th
e
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
elec
tr
ic
f
iel
d
o
n
t
h
e
elec
t
r
o
n
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
ts
a
n
d
th
e
elas
tic
co
llis
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
,
is
n
o
t
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
o
f
in
ela
s
tic
co
lli
s
io
n
.
W
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
f
l
u
ct
u
atio
n
s
i
n
th
e
s
w
ar
m
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
s
d
u
e
to
th
e
n
atu
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
.
I
n
th
e
lo
w
r
ed
u
ce
d
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
,
th
e
elec
tr
o
n
s
af
ter
elec
tr
o
n
ic
ex
citatio
n
co
llis
io
n
,
an
d
f
e
w
v
ib
r
atio
n
a
l
ex
c
itatio
n
co
llis
io
n
s
d
is
ap
p
ea
r
d
u
e
to
th
e
attac
h
m
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es.
I
n
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RE
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S
[1
]
J.
J.
L
o
wk
e
,
"
P
las
m
a
p
re
d
ictio
n
s:
p
a
st,
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]
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.
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[3
]
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.
Driz
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&
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.
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]
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Bu
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.
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e
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[5
]
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.
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.
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o
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.
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,
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.
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]
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.
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rv
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A
.
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[7
]
R.
Ba
rn
i,
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.
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Be
re
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]
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sim
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latio
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0
]
Z.
Risti
v
o
jev
ic,
Z.
L
j
P
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tro
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ic,
"
A
M
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Ca
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1
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2
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M.
Ra
d
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il
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v
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-
Ra
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ić,
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R
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3
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E/N (
Td
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
A
p
p
l P
o
w
er
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
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8792
E
lectro
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s
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p
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SF
6
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yin
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tr
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(
A.
S
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ti
)
11
[1
4
]
T.
R.
Ha
y
e
s,
R.
C.
W
e
tze
l,
R.
S
.
F
re
u
n
d
,
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A
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