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Hen
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[
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,
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2
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3
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5
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in
[
6
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8
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an
d
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w
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DC
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9
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ed
to
r
ed
u
ce
[
1
2
-
1
6
]
th
e
lo
s
s
es.
H
en
ce
b
y
k
ee
p
in
g
all
ab
o
v
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
s
an
d
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
s
in
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
,
it
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
n
e
w
DC
_
D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
w
i
th
s
i
n
g
le
s
w
itc
h
w
i
th
a
s
i
n
g
le
v
o
ltag
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
w
h
ic
h
w
il
l
b
e
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
i
n
f
o
llo
w
in
g
s
ec
t
io
n
s
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
an
ized
in
f
iv
e
s
ec
tio
n
s
.
Sectio
n
-
1
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
th
e
r
elev
a
n
t
liter
at
u
r
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
ab
o
u
t
DC
–
D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
s
.
I
n
s
ec
ti
o
n
-
2
,
m
o
d
eli
n
g
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
h
a
s
b
ee
n
p
u
t
f
o
r
w
ar
d
.
I
n
s
ec
tio
n
-
3
,
t
h
i
s
ar
ticle
d
is
cu
s
s
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
an
d
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
es
u
lt
s
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
ller
;
an
d
in
t
h
e
last
s
ec
tio
n
,
th
e
co
n
cl
u
s
i
v
e
r
e
m
ar
k
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
b
ee
n
p
r
o
v
id
ed
.
2.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
T
O
P
O
L
O
G
Y
AND
I
T
S O
P
E
RA
T
I
O
N
I
n
th
i
s
s
ec
tio
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
t
o
p
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
its
m
o
d
es
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
esen
ted
.
P
r
i
m
ar
il
y
,
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
in
g
s
c
h
e
m
e
h
a
s
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
d
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
f
i
g
.
1
.
I
n
w
h
ic
h
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
h
a
s
b
ee
n
s
en
s
ed
an
d
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
r
eq
u
ir
ed
r
ef
er
en
ce
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
esu
ltan
t
s
i
g
n
al
h
as
b
ee
n
p
ass
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
co
n
v
er
ter
co
m
p
ar
e
w
i
th
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
an
d
o
b
tain
ed
s
i
g
n
al
h
as
b
ee
n
p
ass
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
m
o
d
u
lato
r
as s
h
o
w
n
i
n
f
ig
u
r
e
1
.
cc
V
cc
V
cc
V
cc
V
M
o
d
u
l
a
t
o
r
C
o
m
p
a
r
a
t
o
r
R
e
f
e
r
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n
c
e
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
O
u
t
p
u
t
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o
l
t
a
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o
l
t
a
g
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e
n
s
o
r
L
o
a
d
f
T
t
V
V
V
r
ef
in
r
am
p
.
G
A
T
E
P
u
l
s
e
s
Fig
u
r
e
. 1
Gate
d
r
iv
er
f
o
r
cir
cu
it f
o
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
DC
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
T
h
e
b
asic
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
o
n
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
f
i
g
.
2
an
d
its
g
ate
d
r
i
v
er
cir
cu
it
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
f
i
g
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
DC
-
D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
b
asicall
y
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
a
b
atter
y
s
o
u
r
ce
w
i
th
i
ts
v
o
ltag
e
as
an
d
its
in
p
u
t
cu
r
r
e
n
t
as
;
co
n
v
er
ter
is
co
m
p
r
is
ed
o
f
d
io
d
es
,
an
d
;in
d
u
cto
r
s
,
an
d
w
it
h
it
s
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
v
o
lta
g
es
a
n
d
cu
r
r
en
ts
as
,
,
an
d
,
,
;
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
,
an
d
w
it
h
its
r
esp
ec
ti
v
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
s
as
,
,
an
d
,
,
;
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
lo
ad
cu
r
r
en
t
as
an
d
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
;
’
T
’
is
t
h
e
to
tal
ti
m
e
ta
k
en
f
o
r
a
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle,
is
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
g
i
v
en
to
m
o
d
u
lato
r
in
r
a
m
p
w
av
e,
is
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
o
lta
g
e
th
a
t
n
ee
d
s
t
o
o
b
tain
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
ter
m
i
n
a
ls
o
f
co
n
v
er
ter
,
’
f
’
is
t
h
e
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
th
e
s
w
itc
h
;th
e
v
o
ltag
e
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
s
w
itc
h
is
d
en
o
ted
as
.
W
h
er
e
an
d
ar
e
co
u
p
led
in
d
u
cto
r
s
.
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
f
o
r
m
o
d
u
lato
r
is
tak
en
a
s
an
d
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
A
P
E
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8792
A
N
ew A
d
va
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p
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p
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r
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M
)
25
L
o
a
d
in
V
1
D
2
D
1
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2
L
3
L
3
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1
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2
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3
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1
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in
I
Fig
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2
P
r
o
p
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DC
-
DC
co
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ter
to
p
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lo
g
y
L
o
a
d
in
V
1
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2
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in
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Fig
u
r
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.
3
(
a)
Pro
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
s
h
o
w
in
g
m
o
d
e
-
1
o
p
er
atio
n
Mo
d
e
1
(
)
:
I
n
itiall
y
it
is
a
s
s
u
m
ed
th
at
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
an
d
w
as
f
u
ll
y
ch
ar
g
ed
.
W
h
en
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
is
tu
r
n
ed
ON,
th
e
d
io
d
e
w
il
l
b
ec
o
m
e
f
o
r
w
ar
d
b
iased
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
f
i
g
u
r
e
2
(
a)
.
Sin
ce
t
h
e
in
d
u
cto
r
is
p
lace
d
in
s
er
ies
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
allo
w
s
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d
d
en
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h
an
g
e
i
n
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u
r
r
en
t
an
d
h
e
n
ce
ze
r
o
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en
t
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
tak
es a
t t
h
e
ti
m
e
o
f
s
w
itc
h
ON
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
ts
w
ill
f
o
llo
w
t
h
e
p
ath
-
-
-
-
.
On
t
h
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
is
d
eliv
er
i
n
g
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
to
co
u
p
led
i
n
d
u
cto
r
.
A
t
th
i
s
i
n
s
tan
t
th
e
in
d
u
cto
r
is
tr
y
in
g
to
d
is
ch
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g
e
t
h
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en
er
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to
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to
its
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lin
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f
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t.
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ex
t,
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
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s
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d
ar
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co
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to
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lo
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d
it
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s
m
ai
n
tai
n
i
n
g
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
v
o
ltag
e
at
t
h
e
ter
m
i
n
als
a
s
s
h
o
w
i
n
f
i
g
.
3
(
a)
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
i
s
ca
lcu
lated
af
ter
s
e
v
e
r
al
alg
eb
r
aic
ex
p
r
ess
as s
h
o
w
n
in
(
1
)
.
(
)
(
1
)
W
h
er
e
’
D
’
is
t
h
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
o
f
th
e
s
w
itc
h
(
)
(
)
a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2
2
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2
-
8792
IJ
A
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l.
4
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2
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u
s
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0
1
5
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2
3
–
29
26
L
o
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d
in
V
1
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2
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1
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2
L
3
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3
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1
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2
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3
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1
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M
1
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V
+
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+
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2
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+
2
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1
S
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in
I
3
L
V
+
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+
Fig
u
r
e.
3
(
b
)
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
o
n
v
er
t
er
s
h
o
w
in
g
m
o
d
e
-
2
o
p
er
atio
n
s
Mo
d
e
2
(
)
:
A
t
t
h
i
s
in
s
tan
t
th
e
s
w
itch
s
till
i
s
in
O
N
co
n
d
itio
n
.
T
h
e
co
u
p
led
in
d
u
cto
r
tr
an
s
f
er
s
th
e
en
er
g
y
to
an
d
th
en
s
tar
ts
d
eliv
er
in
g
th
e
en
er
g
y
to
ca
p
ac
ito
r
to
ch
ar
g
e.
Sti
ll th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
till
co
n
ti
n
o
u
s
to
d
eliv
er
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
to
lo
ad
as sh
o
w
in
f
i
g
.
3
(
b
)
.
L
o
a
d
in
V
1
D
2
D
1
L
2
L
3
L
1
C
2
C
3
C
+
+
1
S
M
1
L
V
+
1
L
I
+
2
C
I
2
D
I
2
L
I
3
C
I
3
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V
2
C
V
+
2
L
V
1
S
V
L
I
in
I
3
L
V
+
L
V
+
Fig
u
r
e.
3
(
c)
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
s
h
o
w
in
g
m
o
d
e
-
3
o
p
er
atio
n
s
Mo
d
e
3
(
)
:
A
t
th
i
s
i
n
s
tan
t
s
t
ill
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
is
t
u
r
n
ed
in
to
OF
F
co
n
d
itio
n
b
y
r
e
m
o
v
in
g
t
h
e
g
at
e
p
u
ls
e.
D
u
e
to
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
th
e
s
w
i
tch
en
s
u
r
e
s
th
e
ze
r
o
cu
r
r
en
t
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
.
O
n
ce
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
is
OFF,
b
ec
o
m
es
f
o
r
w
ar
d
b
ias.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
w
ill
f
o
llo
w
s
t
h
e
p
ath
o
f
-
-
-
Her
e
th
e
in
p
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
w
ill
s
p
lit
s
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
i
n
to
t
w
o
w
a
y
s
s
u
ch
as
o
n
e
is
t
o
en
er
g
is
e
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
an
d
o
th
er
is
to
co
u
p
le
in
d
u
cto
r
as
s
h
o
w
in
f
i
g
u
r
e
3
(
c)
.
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
p
lits
in
to
t
w
o
w
a
y
s
s
o
th
at
o
n
e
w
i
l
l
en
er
g
ize
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
C
1
an
d
th
e
o
th
er
is
t
o
th
e
co
u
p
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[1
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.
W
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,
"
No
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In
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[3
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A
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Dre
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J.R.
;
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M
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L
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"
Hig
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ste
p
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p
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teg
ra
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DC
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DC
c
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:
M
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[4
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.
"
No
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Up
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DC
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[5
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"
A
Ca
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p
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[6
]
.
O
m
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se
b
i,
Ay
o
k
u
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Xin
GAO
,
Ja
m
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lei
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a
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Un
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s.
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