I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
Appl
ied
P
o
w
er
E
ng
ineering
(
I
J
AP
E
)
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
,
A
p
r
il 2
0
2
0
,
p
p
.
2
9
~3
5
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8792
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/i
j
ap
e.
v
9
.
i1
.
p
p
2
9
-
35
29
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
a
p
e.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
Renew
a
ble energy
productio
n bas
e
d on so
la
r pow
er
a
nd
m
a
g
netic
f
iel
d pr
o
toty
pe in
Ba
ng
la
desh
O
hirul
Q
a
y
s
1
,
F
a
rha
na
Ya
s
m
i
n
2
1
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
M
a
la
y
sia
S
a
ra
wa
k
(UN
IM
A
S
)
,
M
a
la
y
sia
2
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
M
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
a
n
d
M
a
n
u
f
a
c
tu
rin
g
En
g
in
e
rri
n
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
M
a
lay
sia
S
a
ra
w
a
k
(UN
IM
AS)
,
M
a
lay
sia
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
J
u
n
2
5
,
2
0
1
9
R
ev
i
s
ed
Sep
t 1
3
,
2
0
1
9
A
cc
ep
ted
Feb
1
9
,
2
0
2
0
T
h
o
u
g
h
m
o
d
e
rn
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
o
f
n
e
w
e
r
a
is
m
o
stl
y
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
o
n
p
o
w
e
r
se
c
to
r
e
n
ti
re
ly
,
th
e
c
u
rre
n
t
e
n
e
rg
y
sc
e
n
a
rio
is
sh
o
w
in
g
a
se
rio
u
s
n
e
g
a
ti
v
e
e
ffe
c
t
f
o
r
th
e
las
t
f
e
w
d
e
c
a
d
e
s.
Co
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
l
y
,
Ba
n
g
lad
e
sh
is
f
a
c
in
g
a
p
re
c
a
r
io
u
s
e
f
fe
c
t
b
e
c
a
u
se
o
f
th
e
sc
a
rc
it
y
o
f
f
o
ss
il
-
f
u
e
l
d
issip
a
ti
o
n
.
T
o
a
c
c
o
m
p
li
sh
t
h
e
p
o
w
e
r
d
e
m
a
n
d
re
so
lu
ti
o
n
,
a
n
e
w
t
y
p
e
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
is
p
ro
p
o
s
e
d
in
th
is
re
se
a
rc
h
p
a
p
e
r.
M
a
g
n
e
ti
c
f
lu
x
a
n
d
so
lar
irrad
iati
o
n
is
c
o
m
b
in
e
d
to
g
e
t
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
we
r
o
u
tco
m
e
.
T
h
e
P
V
p
a
n
e
l
su
p
p
li
e
s
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
in
th
e
p
e
a
k
so
lar
ra
d
iatio
n
a
n
d
ter
m
in
a
tes
th
e
e
n
e
rg
y
stre
a
m
a
t
n
ig
h
t
ti
m
e
.
Ho
w
e
v
e
r,
th
e
f
lo
a
ti
n
g
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r
c
a
n
su
p
p
ly
it
s
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
c
re
a
ti
o
n
d
a
y
o
r
n
ig
h
t
ti
m
e
a
c
c
o
rd
in
g
to
th
e
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
w
a
ter
w
a
v
e
ten
d
e
n
c
y
.
F
o
r
th
is
re
a
so
n
,
a
P
V
-
f
lo
a
ti
n
g
G
e
n
e
ra
to
r
b
a
se
d
in
teg
ra
ted
re
n
e
w
a
b
le en
e
rg
y
sc
h
e
m
e
is
in
sp
e
c
ted
i
n
t
h
is
v
e
n
t
u
re
.
T
h
e
e
x
p
e
rime
n
tal
re
su
lt
sh
o
w
s
it
s
re
a
l
-
w
o
rld
v
a
li
d
a
ti
o
n
(
M
a
x
im
u
m
1
4
.
5
W
a
tt
o
u
t
p
u
t)
c
o
m
p
a
rin
g
to
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l
m
e
th
o
d
s
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Flo
atin
g
g
e
n
er
ato
r
L
o
ad
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
R
en
e
w
ab
le
e
n
er
g
y
So
lar
en
er
g
y
T
id
al
p
o
w
er
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Oh
ir
u
l Q
a
y
s
,
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
an
d
E
lectr
o
n
ic
E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
,
Un
i
v
er
s
iti
Ma
la
y
s
ia
Sar
a
w
ak
(
UNI
MA
S),
J
alan
Datu
k
Mo
h
a
m
m
ad
Mu
s
a,
9
4
3
0
0
Ko
ta
Sam
ar
ah
a
n
,
Sar
a
w
a
k
,
Ma
la
y
s
ia
.
E
m
ail:
1
8
0
2
0
1
0
1
@
s
is
w
a.
u
n
i
m
as.
m
y
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Sp
ee
d
y
e
v
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
in
h
ab
it
an
ts
,
u
r
b
an
izatio
n
an
d
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ializatio
n
p
r
o
m
p
ted
en
er
g
y
o
u
tg
o
in
g
s
r
e
m
ar
k
ab
l
y
i
n
B
an
g
lad
esh
.
E
ac
h
ca
p
ita
f
o
r
p
o
w
er
ex
p
e
n
d
itu
r
e
(
2
4
6
k
W
h
)
is
lo
w
er
co
m
p
ar
i
n
g
to
an
o
th
er
f
lo
u
r
i
s
h
i
n
g
co
u
n
tr
y
e.
g
.
th
e
n
e
ig
h
b
o
r
co
u
n
tr
ies
I
n
d
ia
(
4
8
0
.
5
k
W
h
)
a
n
d
P
ak
is
ta
n
(
4
5
6
.
2
k
W
h
)
[
1
,
2
]
B
y
2
0
2
1
,
Go
v
er
n
m
en
t
o
f
B
an
g
lad
es
h
,
i
n
ten
d
ed
to
m
ak
e
a
v
ailab
le
u
n
b
r
o
k
en
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
to
e
v
er
y
p
eo
p
le
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
r
ev
ea
led
in
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
m
aster
p
la
n
(
P
SMP
)
2
0
1
0
.
Ne
v
er
th
ele
s
s
,
B
an
g
lad
es
h
ca
n
f
a
ce
d
an
g
er
o
u
s
p
o
w
er
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
s
ca
r
cit
y
in
ad
j
ac
en
t
to
u
p
co
m
e
as
p
er
cu
r
r
en
t
a
s
s
es
s
m
en
t
co
n
d
itio
n
.
I
t
is
e
s
ti
m
ated
t
h
at
b
y
2
0
2
1
,
p
o
w
er
n
ec
es
s
it
y
w
ill
u
p
s
u
r
g
e
u
p
to
1
8
,
8
3
8
MW,
an
d
it m
a
y
to
u
ch
3
3
,
7
0
8
MW
n
ea
r
ly
2
0
3
0
[
3
,
4
]
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
r
en
e
w
a
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
f
o
u
n
d
in
a
co
u
n
tr
y
s
id
e
an
d
atta
in
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
n
at
u
r
al
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
w
it
h
n
o
in
an
itio
n
in
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
es
s
io
n
o
f
ap
p
licatio
n
.
B
an
g
lad
es
h
is
g
r
atif
ied
w
it
h
r
en
e
w
ab
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
e.
g
.
b
io
m
a
s
s
,
w
in
d
,
s
o
lar
an
d
s
m
all
-
s
ca
le
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
w
er
en
er
g
y
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
a)
[
3
,
5
]
.
So
m
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
ar
e
ex
ec
u
ted
to
p
r
o
m
p
t
r
en
e
w
ab
le
e
n
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
b
y
th
e
Go
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
o
f
B
an
g
lad
es
h
.
A
t
p
r
ese
n
t,
m
an
y
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t,
s
e
m
i
-
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
n
o
n
-
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
in
s
tit
u
tes
ar
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
s
ev
er
all
y
o
r
u
n
ited
l
y
to
p
r
o
clai
m
R
e
n
e
w
ab
le
E
n
er
g
y
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
R
E
T
)
in
ev
er
y
s
p
ac
e
o
f
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
s
id
e
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
er
io
d
s
in
a
y
ea
r
.
Su
s
tain
ab
le
a
n
d
R
en
e
w
ab
le
E
n
er
g
y
De
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
Au
t
h
o
r
it
y
(
SR
E
D
A
)
h
as
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
s
o
m
e
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
to
u
p
g
r
ad
e
th
e
r
ev
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
R
en
e
w
ab
le
E
n
er
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
b
y
B
an
g
lad
es
h
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t.
T
ab
le
1
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
tar
g
eted
ca
p
ac
it
y
f
o
r
r
en
e
w
ab
le
e
n
er
g
y
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
S
R
E
D
A
[
6
]
.
T
o
f
u
r
th
er
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
lo
ad
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
,
B
an
g
lad
esh
P
o
w
er
Dev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
B
o
ar
d
(
B
P
DB
)
in
s
talled
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8792
I
n
t J
A
p
p
l P
o
w
er
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
,
A
p
r
il 2
0
2
0
:
2
9
–
35
30
1
2
,
3
6
5
MW
p
o
w
er
g
e
n
er
atio
n
ca
p
ac
it
y
o
n
J
u
n
e,
2
0
1
6
(
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
)
f
o
r
w
h
ic
h
d
if
f
er
en
t e
n
e
r
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
w
er
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
ted
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
eir
av
ailab
ilit
y
[
7
]
.
No
n
eth
ele
s
s
,
a
h
u
g
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
en
er
g
y
g
ap
is
n
o
tifie
d
b
et
w
e
en
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
g
e
n
er
atio
n
an
d
p
ea
k
d
e
m
a
n
d
f
o
r
last
s
o
m
e
y
e
ar
s
w
h
ic
h
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
T
o
f
ix
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
m
is
b
alan
ci
n
g
,
a
n
e
w
t
y
p
e
o
f
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
th
is
p
ap
er
.
So
lar
P
V
an
d
f
lo
atin
g
g
en
er
ato
r
in
teg
r
ated
r
en
e
w
ab
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
ex
p
er
i
m
en
t
ed
in
Kh
u
l
n
a
U
n
i
v
er
s
it
y
o
f
E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
an
d
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
K
UE
T
)
,
B
an
g
lad
esh
.
So
lar
p
o
w
er
ap
p
licatio
n
i
s
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
f
o
r
th
e
last
2
0
to
3
0
y
ea
r
s
i
n
B
an
g
lad
es
h
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
b
u
o
y
an
t
p
o
w
er
g
en
er
ato
r
is
co
m
p
l
ete
l
y
n
e
w
w
i
th
r
esp
ec
t
t
o
th
is
co
u
n
tr
y
[
8
]
.
R
ah
m
a
n
et
al.
,
[
9
]
s
tu
d
ied
o
n
th
e
s
o
lar
la
n
e
an
d
f
lo
atin
g
s
o
l
ar
en
er
g
y
co
llec
tio
n
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
p
o
w
er
d
e
m
a
n
d
an
d
e
x
tr
a
lan
d
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
.
Fo
r
th
e
o
p
ti
m
is
tic
e
f
f
ec
ts
o
f
B
ay
o
f
B
en
g
al
i
n
B
an
g
lad
esh
,
Fo
w
ze
et
al.
,
[
1
0
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
3
0
MW
w
a
v
e
en
er
g
y
g
en
er
ato
r
in
s
tallatio
n
w
h
ich
i
s
in
it
ialized
i
n
E
u
r
o
p
e
r
ec
en
tl
y
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
(
a)
Dif
f
er
en
t r
e
n
e
w
a
b
le
en
er
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
i
n
B
an
g
l
ad
esh
,
(
b
)
in
s
talled
g
e
n
er
atio
n
ca
p
ac
ity
o
n
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
6
f
o
r
1
2
,
3
6
5
M
W
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
tar
g
eted
ca
p
ac
ity
f
o
r
r
en
e
w
ab
le
e
n
er
g
y
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
S
R
E
D
A
[
6
]
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
2
0
1
5
2
0
1
6
2
0
1
7
2
0
1
8
2
0
1
9
2
0
2
0
2
0
2
1
S
o
l
a
r
75
3
3
6
4
2
2
2
3
7
1
9
5
2
0
3
2
0
8
W
i
n
d
0
20
2
5
0
3
5
0
3
5
0
2
0
0
2
0
0
B
i
o
mass
1
16
6
6
6
6
6
B
i
o
g
a
s
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
H
y
d
r
o
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
T
o
t
a
l
(
M
W
)
77
3
7
5
6
8
1
5
9
4
5
5
2
4
1
0
4
1
5
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
et
w
ee
n
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
g
e
n
er
atio
n
an
d
p
ea
k
d
e
m
an
d
a
n
n
u
all
y
Kh
a
n
et
al.
,
[
1
1
]
s
h
o
w
ed
t
h
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
et
w
ee
n
p
r
ese
n
t
elec
tr
icit
y
g
e
n
er
atio
n
co
s
t
a
n
d
v
ar
io
u
s
w
a
v
e
en
er
g
y
h
ar
v
ester
to
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
w
a
v
e
p
o
w
er
ad
v
an
tag
eo
u
s
f
ea
s
i
b
ilit
y
o
n
b
eh
a
lf
o
f
B
an
g
lad
es
h
.
Sali
m
u
lla
h
[
1
2
]
an
aly
ze
d
th
e
p
o
w
er
v
s
w
a
v
e
h
ei
g
h
t
a
n
d
w
a
v
e
p
er
io
d
in
Ma
tlab
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
w
ith
r
esp
ec
t
to
B
an
g
lad
es
h
a
n
d
d
esig
n
ed
a
wav
e
en
er
g
y
h
ar
n
ess
er
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tall
y
.
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
0
.
0
2
m
w
a
v
e
h
eig
h
t,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
A
p
p
l P
o
w
er
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8792
R
en
ewa
b
le
en
erg
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
b
a
s
ed
o
n
s
o
la
r
p
o
w
er a
n
d
ma
g
n
et
ic
field
p
r
o
to
typ
e
i
n
…
(
Oh
ir
u
l Q
a
ys)
31
t
h
e
y
o
b
tain
ed
1
.
5
v
o
lt
r
esu
lt
an
d
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
ab
o
u
t
C
o
x
’
s
b
az
ar
ap
p
licatio
n
(
2
.
8
m
w
a
v
e
h
ei
g
h
t)
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
ed
in
g
o
f
th
e
n
o
b
le
in
v
es
tig
a
tio
n
is
tr
ied
to
b
o
o
s
t
in
th
is
p
ap
er
.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
p
ap
er
is
ar
r
an
g
ed
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
Sectio
n
2
d
elib
er
ates
th
e
So
lar
-
P
V
an
d
f
lo
atin
g
g
en
er
ato
r
w
o
r
k
in
g
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
l
y
.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
es
u
lt
a
n
d
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
i
s
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
i
n
s
ec
t
io
n
3
.
I
n
s
ec
tio
n
4
,
th
e
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
en
tire
ap
p
r
aisal is
d
r
a
w
n
2.
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
2
.
1
.
So
la
r
ener
g
y
B
an
g
lad
es
h
p
ar
tak
es
a
en
o
r
m
o
u
s
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
e
m
p
lo
y
i
n
g
s
o
lar
r
a
d
iatio
n
o
w
in
g
to
its
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ta
l
p
o
s
itio
n
.
A
v
er
a
g
e
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
f
o
r
a
y
ea
r
o
f
s
ev
er
al
ce
r
ta
in
citie
s
an
d
is
lan
d
s
i
n
B
an
g
la
d
esh
is
u
n
d
er
tak
e
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
(
a)
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
I
DC
OL
an
d
Gr
a
m
m
ee
n
Sh
ak
ti
in
i
tiated
th
e
s
o
lar
ar
r
an
g
e
m
en
t
in
2
0
0
3
an
d
o
v
er
all
in
s
talled
1
5
0
MW
in
2
0
1
3
–
2
0
1
4
w
it
h
1
8
5
.
1
8
5
%
u
p
s
u
r
g
e
o
v
er
th
e
ea
r
lier
y
ea
r
.
I
s
lam
et
al.
,
[
1
4
]
s
tu
d
ied
an
ap
p
r
aisal
o
n
s
o
lar
ir
r
ig
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
o
n
B
an
g
l
ad
esh
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
co
s
t
ef
f
icac
y
a
n
d
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
ex
tr
a
p
r
ess
u
r
e
f
r
o
m
g
r
id
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
.
Das
et
al.
,
[
1
5
]
an
al
y
ze
d
o
n
P
V/Diesel
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
o
n
HOM
E
R
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
an
d
s
h
o
w
ed
th
at
t
h
e
co
m
b
i
n
ed
d
is
p
atch
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
lo
w
er
co
s
t
co
m
p
ar
in
g
to
L
o
ad
Fo
llo
w
i
n
g
an
d
C
y
cl
ic
C
h
ar
g
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
.
R
a
h
m
a
n
[
1
6
]
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
a
r
ev
ie
w
o
n
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
a
n
d
d
e
m
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
g
en
er
atio
n
f
r
o
m
1
9
9
6
-
2
0
1
0
.
T
h
e
y
also
d
elib
er
ated
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
b
atter
y
s
to
r
ag
e
ap
p
licatio
n
a
n
d
p
u
b
lic
a
w
ar
en
e
s
s
to
p
r
o
g
r
ess
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
p
o
ten
tiali
t
y
.
Fo
r
t
h
is
r
ea
s
o
n
s
o
la
r
P
V
ap
p
licatio
n
is
in
te
n
d
ed
in
t
h
is
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
eq
u
iv
alen
t c
ir
cu
it
m
o
d
el
o
f
P
V
m
o
d
u
le
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
b
)
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
-
cu
r
r
en
t
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
a
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
o
lar
ce
ll
ca
n
b
e
id
en
ti
f
ied
f
r
o
m
(
1
)
to
(
3
)
.
Her
e,
is
th
e
p
h
o
to
cu
r
r
en
t
th
at
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
ce
ll
’
s
w
o
r
k
in
g
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
an
d
s
o
lar
in
s
o
latio
n
,
i
s
s
h
u
n
t
r
esi
s
tan
ce
,
is
s
er
ies
r
esis
ta
n
ce
,
is
t
h
e
c
h
ar
g
e
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
,
is
B
o
ltz
m
a
n
n
’
s
co
n
s
ta
n
t,
is
a
r
ef
er
en
ce
ce
ll
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e,
is
th
e
ce
ll’s
r
ev
er
s
e
s
at
u
r
ati
o
n
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
is
th
e
en
er
g
y
b
an
d
-
g
ap
o
f
th
e
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
w
h
ic
h
i
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
m
o
d
u
le.
T
h
e
s
h
o
r
t
-
cir
cu
i
t
cu
r
r
en
t
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
at
25
O
C
,
1
0
0
0
W
/m
2
.
=
−
[
(
(
+
)
⁄
)
−
1
]
−
(
+
)
⁄
(
1
)
=
[
+
(
−
)
]
(
2
)
=
(
−
)
3
[
(
1
−
1
⁄
⁄
)
]
(
3
)
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
(
a)
Mo
n
th
l
y
a
v
er
ag
e
d
ail
y
s
o
lar
in
s
o
latio
n
at
d
if
f
er
e
n
t c
itie
s
,
(
b
)
P
V
e
q
u
iv
ale
n
t c
ir
cu
it
m
o
d
el
2
.
2
.
F
lo
a
t
ing
g
ener
a
t
o
r
I
n
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
,
Flo
ati
n
g
g
e
n
e
r
ato
r
is
a
n
e
w
t
y
p
e
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
h
ar
v
e
s
ter
o
f
w
ater
r
eser
v
o
ir
t
h
at
co
n
s
i
s
t
s
o
f
t
w
o
p
ar
ts
:
(
a)
f
lo
ater
an
d
(
b
)
en
er
g
y
co
n
v
er
ter
[
1
7
,
1
8
]
.
Gao
et
al.
,
[
1
9
]
in
v
es
tig
ated
o
n
a
w
av
e
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
v
er
ter
(
W
E
C
)
f
o
r
en
tire
f
lo
atin
g
s
y
s
te
m
to
d
ec
lin
e
th
e
m
o
o
r
in
g
a
n
d
m
ain
ten
a
n
ce
d
elin
q
u
e
n
cies.
T
o
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
W
E
C
,
L
ej
er
s
k
o
g
et
al.
,
[
2
0
]
ex
p
er
i
m
en
ted
o
n
t
h
e
b
u
o
y
s
ize
an
d
tr
an
s
lato
r
w
ei
g
h
t.
San
c
h
ez
et
al.
,
[
2
1
]
s
tu
d
ied
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
et
w
ee
n
f
lo
atin
g
an
d
b
o
tto
m
-
f
i
x
ed
T
id
al
Stre
am
T
u
r
b
in
es
(
T
ST
)
in
NW
Sp
ain
.
T
h
e
y
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
3
D
m
o
d
el
a
n
d
p
r
o
v
ed
th
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
f
lo
ati
n
g
T
ST
.
Far
r
o
k
et
al.
,
[
2
2
]
an
al
y
ze
d
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
lu
x
o
f
t
h
e
p
er
m
an
e
n
t
m
a
g
n
e
t
li
n
ea
r
g
en
er
a
to
r
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
f
lo
atin
g
g
en
er
ato
r
to
h
ar
v
e
s
t
en
er
g
y
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
o
ce
an
ic
w
a
v
e.
Sa
m
r
at
et
al.
[
8
]
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
s
y
s
te
m
i
n
MA
T
L
A
B
/SIM
U
L
I
NK
s
o
f
t
war
e
to
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
e
tid
al
e
n
er
g
y
p
o
ten
tial
it
y
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t
to
B
an
g
lad
es
h
.
Ko
w
s
er
et
al.
,
[
2
3
]
s
tu
d
ied
o
n
B
ay
o
f
B
en
g
al
a
n
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
w
a
v
e
p
o
w
er
co
llecto
r
to
ac
q
u
ir
e
th
e
tid
a
l p
o
w
er
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8792
I
n
t J
A
p
p
l P
o
w
er
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
,
A
p
r
il 2
0
2
0
:
2
9
–
35
32
B
an
g
lad
es
h
co
n
tai
n
s
7
1
0
k
m
co
astal
ar
ea
w
it
h
2
~8
m
t
id
al
h
eig
h
t
(
r
is
e
a
n
d
f
all)
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
r
eg
io
n
s
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
2
[
2
4
]
.
E
s
p
ec
iall
y
in
K
h
u
ln
a
d
is
tr
ict,
n
ea
r
l
y
0
.
9
0
m
to
3
.
5
m
tid
al
h
ei
g
h
t
is
d
is
co
v
er
ed
[
2
5
]
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
to
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
t
h
e
tid
al
p
o
w
er
a
n
e
w
t
y
p
e
o
f
f
lo
atin
g
g
e
n
er
ato
r
is
b
r
o
u
g
h
t
to
lig
h
t
i
n
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
.
T
h
e
g
e
n
er
ato
r
u
tili
ze
s
th
e
w
av
e
m
o
tio
n
f
o
r
th
e
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
m
a
g
n
e
t
in
to
a
co
il
.
T
h
u
s
it
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
elec
tr
icit
y
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
a
g
n
eti
c
f
lu
x
o
f
t
h
e
co
il.
T
h
e
p
h
y
s
ical
b
eh
a
v
io
r
o
f
th
e
f
lo
ati
n
g
g
e
n
er
ato
r
ca
n
b
e
d
escr
ib
ed
f
r
o
m
(
4
)
.
T
ab
le
2
.
T
id
al
p
o
w
er
g
e
n
er
ati
o
n
f
r
o
m
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t lo
ca
tio
n
s
in
B
an
g
lad
es
h
[
2
4
]
N
a
me
o
f
t
h
e
st
a
t
i
o
n
T
i
d
a
l
r
a
n
g
e
(
m)
O
u
t
p
u
t
p
o
w
e
r
(
M
W
)
S
a
n
d
w
i
p
4
.
8
6
1
6
.
4
9
S
a
d
a
r
g
h
a
t
(
c
h
t
)
3
.
7
0
9
.
5
6
M
o
n
g
l
a
3
.
2
6
7
.
4
0
C
h
a
r
C
h
a
n
g
a
3
.
2
2
7
.
2
4
C
o
x
’
s B
a
z
a
r
2
.
7
0
5
.
0
9
T
e
k
n
a
f
2
.
5
4
4
.
5
1
H
i
r
o
n
P
o
i
n
t
2
.
0
4
2
.
9
0
N
a
r
a
y
a
n
g
a
n
j
2
.
4
5
.
4
3
K
h
e
p
u
p
a
r
a
5
.
6
9
3
0
.
5
3
P
o
t
u
a
k
h
a
l
i
4
.
8
7
2
2
.
3
6
(
+
)
2
2
+
(
ℎ
+
)
+
=
(
4
)
W
h
er
e,
is
m
a
s
s
o
f
f
lo
ater
,
is
th
e
s
u
p
p
le
m
e
n
tar
y
m
a
s
s
o
f
w
ater
th
at
is
h
a
s
ten
ed
ab
o
v
e
th
e
f
lo
ater
,
is
d
am
p
i
n
g
co
ef
f
i
cien
t
o
f
th
e
g
e
n
er
ato
r
an
d
is
s
p
r
in
g
co
n
s
tan
t
o
f
t
h
e
f
lo
atin
g
g
en
er
ato
r
.
T
h
e
f
lo
ater
w
av
e
d
i
f
f
r
ac
tio
n
f
o
r
ce
an
d
th
e
h
y
d
r
o
d
y
n
a
m
ic
d
a
m
p
in
g
co
e
f
f
ic
ien
t
ℎ
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
f
r
o
m
th
e
w
av
e
p
er
io
d
an
d
w
a
v
e
am
p
lit
u
d
e.
T
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
e
n
er
g
y
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
lo
ati
n
g
g
en
er
ato
r
is
d
esig
n
ed
fr
o
m
(
5
)
to
(
6
)
.
(
+
)
2
2
+
=
0
(
5
)
=
∫
0
=
∫
ℎ
0
(
)
2
=
∫
2
4
ℎ
0
=
2
8
ℎ
(
6
)
3.
E
XP
E
R
I
M
E
NT
A
L
ANA
L
Y
SI
S AN
D
DIS
CUSS
I
O
N
Far
ad
ay
’
s
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
la
w
i
s
u
ti
lized
to
g
en
er
ate
v
o
ltag
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
o
v
i
n
g
m
a
g
n
et
s
in
to
t
h
e
s
tatio
n
ar
y
co
il.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
(
7
)
,
p
ea
k
v
o
ltag
e
V
w
i
ll
b
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
alo
n
g
w
it
h
t
h
e
i
n
cr
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
cr
o
s
s
s
ec
tio
n
al
ar
ea
A
o
f
th
e
co
il,
r
ate
o
f
c
h
an
g
e
o
f
m
a
g
n
et
ic
f
ield
M
an
d
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tu
r
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
ta
tio
n
ar
y
co
il
N.
I
n
th
i
s
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
t,
ab
o
u
t
2
0
p
iece
s
d
is
k
t
y
p
e
p
er
m
an
e
n
t
a
n
d
s
tr
o
n
g
‘
r
ar
e
ea
r
th
’
m
ag
n
et
s
(
s
h
o
w
n
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
in
e.
g
.
Neo
d
y
m
i
u
m
m
ag
n
et
s
(
Neo
d
y
m
i
u
m
-
B
o
r
o
n
-
I
r
o
n
,
Nd
2
Fe1
4
B
)
w
as
u
s
ed
to
s
en
d
o
u
t
m
a
g
n
etic
f
ield
co
n
s
t
an
tl
y
.
Ge
n
er
all
y
2
2
SW
G
to
3
5
SW
G
r
an
g
ed
w
ir
e
is
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
ap
p
ly
f
o
r
th
e
f
l
o
atin
g
g
e
n
er
ato
r
a
m
o
n
g
w
h
ic
h
2
8
SW
G
w
ir
e
w
as
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
f
o
r
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t e
x
p
er
i
m
en
t
.
V
=
A
×
M
×
N
(
7
)
A
3
f
ee
t
x
3
f
ee
t p
la
s
tic
b
o
ar
d
is
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
as a
g
l
id
er
f
o
r
t
h
e
ar
r
an
g
e
m
e
n
t o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
a
n
d
all
o
th
e
r
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
s
(
co
il,
b
r
ea
d
b
o
ar
d
,
led
lig
h
t
s
,
v
o
lt
m
eter
,
p
ip
e,
s
o
lar
p
an
el,
etc.
)
ar
e
s
et
u
p
o
n
th
e
u
p
p
er
f
ac
e
o
f
th
e
b
o
ar
d
th
at
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
4
a
n
d
Fig
u
r
e
5
p
r
o
p
er
l
y
.
Fro
m
s
ev
er
al
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
ts
,
it
is
n
o
ticed
th
a
t
th
e
f
lo
ati
n
g
-
P
V
ar
r
an
g
e
m
e
n
t
ca
n
i
m
p
le
m
en
t
m
o
r
e
p
o
w
e
r
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
t
h
a
n
th
e
o
v
er
lan
d
P
V
ar
r
an
g
e
m
en
t
a
n
d
f
o
r
th
is
r
ea
s
o
n
a
So
lar
L
an
d
P
V
p
an
el
(
P
m
a
x
=2
0
W
Vo
c=
2
1
.
6
V,
I
m
p
=1
.
1
6
A
an
d
I
s
c=
1
.
3
1
A
)
is
attac
h
ed
w
it
h
th
e
g
lid
er
b
o
a
r
d
tech
n
icall
y
[
2
6
,
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
p
o
w
er
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
t
i
cs
o
f
2
4
h
o
u
r
s
d
ail
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
7
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
Gen
er
all
y
i
n
t
h
e
m
id
-
ti
m
e
o
f
a
d
a
y
,
t
h
e
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
a
n
d
tid
al
le
v
el
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
i
s
h
ig
h
,
t
h
u
s
th
e
p
o
w
er
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
in
cr
ea
s
es.
C
o
n
v
er
s
el
y
,
i
n
th
e
n
ig
h
t
ti
m
e
o
r
lo
w
tid
al
ti
m
e,
p
o
w
er
g
en
er
atio
n
b
ec
o
m
es
lo
w
.
At
th
i
s
m
o
m
e
n
t,
a
s
u
i
tab
le
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
te
m
ca
n
s
u
p
p
ly
th
e
lo
ad
d
em
a
n
d
.
T
h
e
L
E
D
lig
h
ts
w
er
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
ted
as
l
o
ad
to
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
e
n
o
v
el
w
o
r
k
in
th
e
r
ea
l
w
o
r
ld
ap
p
licatio
n
.
P
r
ac
tical
l
y
0
.
9
0
W
to
1
4
.
5
W
w
a
s
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
is
e
x
p
er
i
m
en
t I
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
8
,
th
e
en
tire
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
d
r
a
w
n
i
n
a
p
r
o
p
er
f
lo
w
ch
ar
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
A
p
p
l P
o
w
er
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8792
R
en
ewa
b
le
en
erg
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
b
a
s
ed
o
n
s
o
la
r
p
o
w
er a
n
d
ma
g
n
et
ic
field
p
r
o
to
typ
e
i
n
…
(
Oh
ir
u
l Q
a
ys)
33
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
(
a)
Glid
er
s
et
u
p
,
(
b
)
s
o
lar
s
et
u
p
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
E
x
p
er
i
m
en
tal
v
o
lta
g
e
f
r
o
m
(
a)
f
lo
ati
n
g
g
en
er
ato
r
,
(
b
)
s
o
lar
p
an
el
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
R
esu
ltan
t v
o
lta
g
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
e
n
tire
s
y
s
te
m
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
R
esu
ltan
t p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
th
e
e
n
tire
s
y
s
te
m
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Flo
w
c
h
ar
t o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
en
tire
s
y
s
te
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8792
I
n
t J
A
p
p
l P
o
w
er
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
,
A
p
r
il 2
0
2
0
:
2
9
–
35
34
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
A
p
r
ac
tical
an
d
co
s
t
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
s
y
s
te
m
is
ex
p
er
i
m
en
ted
t
o
m
o
w
en
er
g
y
f
r
o
m
th
e
w
a
ter
w
av
e.
T
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
g
lea
n
er
w
a
s
p
lan
n
ed
to
g
at
h
er
co
llect
ed
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
o
lar
p
an
el
an
d
th
e
f
lo
ati
n
g
g
en
er
ato
r
.
T
h
e
s
o
lar
p
an
el
an
d
g
lid
er
is
f
lo
ated
o
n
th
e
w
a
ter
s
u
r
f
ac
e
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
m
o
v
in
g
t
h
e
p
er
m
a
n
e
n
t
m
ag
n
e
s
ts
alo
n
g
w
it
h
a
s
p
r
i
n
g
an
d
te
n
s
ile
r
o
p
e
w
h
ic
h
was
b
o
n
d
ed
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
co
r
n
er
to
an
o
th
er
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
th
r
e
s
h
er
is
m
o
r
e
m
allea
b
l
e
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
to
f
r
u
itag
e
e
n
er
g
y
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
lo
n
g
o
r
s
h
o
r
t
w
a
v
es
o
f
a
n
y
w
ater
b
an
k
s
u
c
h
as
p
o
n
d
,
r
iv
er
,
s
e
a
etc.
T
h
o
u
g
h
th
e
t
w
o
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ce
r
s
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
s
er
ies
to
g
et
m
o
r
e
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
en
d
les
s
l
y
,
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
r
s
ca
n
b
e
attac
h
ed
in
a
n
y
s
er
ies
-
p
ar
allel
co
m
b
in
at
io
n
d
u
e
to
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
elu
c
id
atio
n
.
A
t
th
e
n
o
o
n
ti
m
e,
1
4
.
5
w
att
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
w
as
o
b
tain
e
d
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
ea
k
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
an
d
h
ig
h
tid
al
f
ac
to
r
.
I
n
teg
r
ati
n
g
o
n
t
h
e
d
is
c
o
v
er
ies,
th
e
en
er
g
y
h
ar
v
e
s
ter
is
an
ticip
ated
to
b
e
a
r
esil
ien
t a
n
d
en
co
u
r
a
g
i
n
g
ap
p
lican
t to
m
it
ig
ate
t
h
e
e
n
er
g
y
d
em
a
n
d
at
th
is
c
u
r
r
en
t d
u
r
atio
n
s
p
ec
if
icall
y
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
w
o
u
ld
li
k
e
to
ac
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
t
h
e
f
ac
i
liti
es
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
K
h
u
l
n
a
U
n
i
v
er
s
it
y
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
er
r
in
g
&
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
KUE
T
)
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
F
.
A
h
m
e
d
,
A
.
Qu
a
se
m
,
A
.
Am
in
,
M
.
Ha
sa
n
u
z
z
a
m
a
n
,
a
n
d
R
.
S
a
i
d
u
r,
“
A
lt
e
rn
a
ti
v
e
e
n
e
rg
y
re
so
u
rc
e
s
in
Ba
n
g
lad
e
sh
a
n
d
f
u
tu
re
p
r
o
sp
e
c
t
A
lt
e
rn
a
ti
v
e
e
n
e
rg
y
re
so
u
rc
e
s
in
Ba
n
g
lad
e
sh
a
n
d
f
u
tu
re
p
r
o
sp
e
c
t,
”
Ren
e
wa
b
le
a
n
d
S
u
st
a
i
n
a
b
le
En
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
,
v
o
l.
2
5
,
p
p
.
6
9
8
–
7
0
7
,
S
e
p
tem
b
e
r
2
0
1
3
.
[2
]
A
.
Ku
m
a
r
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
o
lar
e
n
e
rg
y
fo
r
a
ll
?
Un
d
e
rsta
n
d
i
n
g
th
e
su
c
c
e
ss
e
s
a
n
d
sh
o
rtf
a
ll
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
c
rit
i
c
a
l
c
o
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
a
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
o
f
Ba
n
g
lad
e
sh
,
Bra
z
il
,
In
d
ia,
M
o
z
a
m
b
iq
u
e
,
S
r
i
L
a
n
k
a
a
n
d
S
o
u
th
A
f
ri
c
a
,
”
En
e
rg
y
Res
e
a
rc
h
&
S
o
c
ia
l
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l.
4
8
,
p
p
.
1
6
6
–
1
7
6
,
F
e
b
ru
a
ry
2
0
1
9
.
[3
]
P
.
K.
Ha
ld
e
r,
N.
P
a
u
l
,
M
.
U
.
H.
Jo
a
rd
d
e
r,
a
n
d
M
.
S
a
rk
e
r,
“
En
e
rg
y
sc
a
rc
it
y
a
n
d
p
o
ten
ti
a
l
o
f
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
in
Ba
n
g
lad
e
sh
,
”
Ren
e
wa
b
le
a
n
d
S
u
s
ta
in
a
b
le
En
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
,
v
o
l.
5
1
,
p
p
.
1
6
3
6
–
1
6
4
9
,
No
v
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
5
.
[4
]
M
.
T
.
Isla
m
,
S
.
A
.
S
h
a
h
ir
,
T
.
M
.
I.
Ud
d
in
,
a
n
d
A
.
Z.
A
.
S
a
if
u
ll
a
h
,
“
Cu
rre
n
t
e
n
e
rg
y
sc
e
n
a
rio
a
n
d
f
u
t
u
re
p
r
o
sp
e
c
t
o
f
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
in
Ba
n
g
lad
e
sh
,
”
Ren
e
wa
b
le
a
n
d
S
u
st
a
in
a
b
le
En
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
,
v
o
l.
3
9
,
p
p
.
1
0
7
4
–
1
0
8
8
,
N
o
v
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
4
.
[5
]
P
.
K.
Ha
ld
e
r,
“
P
o
te
n
ti
a
l
a
n
d
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
fe
a
sib
il
it
y
o
f
so
lar
h
o
m
e
s
y
ste
m
s
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
i
n
Ba
n
g
lad
e
sh
,
”
Ren
e
wa
b
le
a
n
d
S
u
sta
in
a
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
,
v
o
l.
6
5
,
p
p
.
5
6
8
–
5
7
6
,
No
v
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
6
.
[6
]
S
u
sta
in
a
b
le
a
n
d
Re
n
e
w
a
b
le
En
e
rg
y
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
A
u
th
o
rit
y
(S
REDA
),
“
M
in
istry
o
f
P
o
w
e
r,
En
e
rg
y
a
n
d
M
in
e
ra
l
Re
so
u
rc
e
s (M
P
EM
R),
”
2
0
1
9
.
[
On
li
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s:/
/m
p
e
m
r.
g
o
v
.
b
d
/p
o
w
e
r/d
e
ta
il
s/2
6
.
[7
]
M
.
Ra
h
m
a
n
,
“
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
se
rv
a
ti
o
n
S
trate
g
y
,
”
Au
st.
Pl
a
n
.
,
v
o
l.
2
1
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
0
8
–
1
0
8
,
2
0
1
0
.
[8
]
N.
H.
S
a
m
ra
t,
N.
M
a
m
u
n
,
S
.
M
.
Ud
d
in
,
a
n
d
A
.
Isla
m
,
“
Ca
s
e
stu
d
y
:
T
id
a
l
c
u
rre
n
t
e
n
e
rg
y
p
o
ten
ti
a
l
in
Ba
n
g
lad
e
sh
,
”
2
0
1
3
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
In
fo
rm
a
ti
c
s,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
V
isi
o
n
(
ICIEV
)
,
Dh
a
k
a
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
2
0
1
3
.
[9
]
M
.
W
.
Ra
h
m
a
n
,
M
.
S
.
M
a
h
m
u
d
,
R.
A
h
m
e
d
,
M
.
S
.
R
a
h
m
a
n
,
a
n
d
M
.
Z.
A
rif
,
“
S
o
lar
lan
e
s
a
n
d
f
lo
a
ti
n
g
so
lar
P
V:
Ne
w
p
o
ss
ib
il
it
ies
f
o
r
so
u
rc
e
o
f
e
n
e
rg
y
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
in
Ba
n
g
lad
e
sh
,
”
2
0
1
7
I
n
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
s
i
n
Po
we
r
a
n
d
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
d
Co
mp
u
t
in
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
(
i
-
PA
C
T
)
,
V
e
ll
o
re
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
0
]
F
.
F
o
w
z
e
a
n
d
S
.
Am
ir,
“
Oc
e
a
n
W
a
v
e
E
n
e
rg
y
Ba
s
e
d
P
o
w
e
r
P
lan
t
f
o
r
S
a
n
d
w
ip
,
Ba
n
g
lad
e
sh
,
”
2
n
d
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
th
e
De
v
e
lo
p
me
n
ts
in
Ren
e
wa
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
ICDRET
2
0
1
2
)
,
Dh
a
k
a
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
1
]
R.
J.
Kh
a
n
,
S
.
Ho
ss
a
in
,
M
.
M
ia,
a
n
d
D.
H.
A
h
m
e
d
,
“
En
e
rg
y
Ha
r
v
e
st
f
ro
m
W
a
ter
W
a
v
e
–
Ba
n
g
lad
e
sh
P
r
o
sp
e
c
t,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
T
h
e
rm
a
l
E
n
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
m
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
–
1
1
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
2
]
S
.
M
.
S
a
li
m
u
ll
a
h
,
M
.
M
.
E
.
Ra
f
i,
a
n
d
M
.
R.
I.
S
h
e
ik
h
,
“
P
ro
sp
e
c
ts
o
f
W
a
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
in
Ba
n
g
lad
e
sh
,
”
Ame
ric
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
Res
e
a
rc
h
(
AJER)
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
2
9
-
35
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
3
]
A
.
K.
Bis
w
a
s,
B.
S
a
jj
a
k
u
ln
u
k
it
,
a
n
d
P
.
Ra
k
k
w
a
m
su
k
,
“
S
u
b
sid
y
p
o
li
c
y
in
stru
m
e
n
ts
f
o
r
ra
p
id
g
ro
w
th
o
f
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
e
lec
tri
c
it
y
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
in
b
a
n
g
lad
e
sh
,
”
En
e
rg
y
Pr
o
c
e
d
ia
,
v
o
l.
5
2
,
p
p
.
6
8
–
7
6
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
4
]
M
.
R.
Isla
m
,
P
.
C.
S
a
rk
e
r,
a
n
d
S
.
K.
G
h
o
sh
,
“
P
r
o
sp
e
c
t
a
n
d
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
so
lar
irri
g
a
ti
o
n
i
n
Ba
n
g
lad
e
sh
:
A
re
v
ie
w
,
”
Ren
e
wa
b
le a
n
d
S
u
st
a
i
n
a
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
,
v
o
l.
7
7
,
p
p
.
4
0
6
–
4
2
2
,
S
e
p
tem
b
e
r
2
0
1
7
.
[1
5
]
B
.
K.
Da
s
a
n
d
F
.
Zam
a
n
,
“
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
a
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
a
P
V
/Dies
e
l
h
y
b
rid
sy
st
e
m
f
o
r
a
re
m
o
te
a
re
a
in
Ba
n
g
lad
e
sh
:
Eff
e
c
ts o
f
d
isp
a
tch
stra
teg
ies
,
b
a
tt
e
ries
,
a
n
d
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r
se
lec
ti
o
n
,
”
E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
1
6
9
,
p
p
.
2
6
3
–
2
7
6
,
F
e
b
ru
a
ry
2019.
[1
6
]
M
.
Z.
Ra
h
m
a
n
,
“
M
u
lt
it
u
d
e
o
f
p
ro
g
re
ss
a
n
d
u
n
m
e
d
iate
d
p
ro
b
lem
s
o
f
so
lar
P
V
in
Ba
n
g
lad
e
sh
,
”
Ren
e
wa
b
le
a
n
d
S
u
sta
in
a
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
,
v
o
l.
1
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
4
6
6
–
4
7
3
,
Ja
n
u
a
ry
2
0
1
2
.
[1
7
]
G
.
M
a
lara
,
A
.
Ro
m
o
lo
,
V.
F
iam
m
a
,
a
n
d
F
.
A
re
n
a
,
“
On
th
e
m
o
d
e
ll
in
g
o
f
wa
ter
c
o
lu
m
n
o
sc
il
latio
n
s
in
U
-
OW
C
e
n
e
rg
y
h
a
rv
e
s
ters
,
”
Ren
e
wa
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
1
0
1
,
p
p
.
9
6
4
–
9
7
2
,
F
e
b
ru
a
ry
2017.
[1
8
]
F
.
M
a
ria,
G
.
M
a
lara
,
a
n
d
F
.
A
r
e
n
a
,
“
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
p
ti
m
iz
a
ti
o
n
o
f
a
U
-
Os
c
il
latin
g
-
W
a
ter
-
Co
lu
m
n
w
a
v
e
e
n
e
rg
y
h
a
rv
e
ste
r,
”
Ren
e
wa
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
9
9
,
p
p
.
1
0
1
9
–
1
0
2
8
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
6
.
[1
9
]
Y.
G
a
o
,
S
.
S
h
a
o
,
H.
Z
o
u
,
M
.
T
a
n
g
,
H.
X
u
,
a
n
d
C.
T
ian
,
“
A
f
u
ll
y
f
l
o
a
ti
n
g
sy
ste
m
f
o
r
a
w
a
v
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
v
e
rter
w
it
h
d
irec
t
-
d
riv
e
n
li
n
e
a
r
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r,
”
E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
9
5
,
p
p
.
9
9
–
1
0
9
,
Ja
n
u
a
ry
2016.
[2
0
]
R.
W
a
ters
,
M
.
Leijo
n
,
C.
Bo
str
ö
m
,
E.
L
e
j
e
rsk
o
g
,
a
n
d
L
.
H
a
i,
“
Ex
p
e
rime
n
tal
r
e
su
lt
s
o
n
p
o
w
e
r
a
b
so
rp
t
io
n
f
ro
m
a
w
a
v
e
e
n
e
rg
y
c
o
n
v
e
rter
a
t
th
e
Ly
se
k
il
w
a
v
e
e
n
e
rg
y
re
se
a
rc
h
site,”
Ren
e
wa
b
le
En
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
7
7
,
p
p
.
9
–
14,
M
a
y
2
0
1
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
A
p
p
l P
o
w
er
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8792
R
en
ewa
b
le
en
erg
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
b
a
s
ed
o
n
s
o
la
r
p
o
w
er a
n
d
ma
g
n
et
ic
field
p
r
o
to
typ
e
i
n
…
(
Oh
ir
u
l Q
a
ys)
35
[2
1
]
M
.
S
á
n
c
h
e
z
,
R.
Ca
rb
a
ll
o
,
V
.
R
a
m
o
s,
a
n
d
G
.
Ig
les
ia
s,
“
En
e
rg
y
p
ro
d
u
c
ti
o
n
f
ro
m
ti
d
a
l
c
u
rre
n
ts
in
a
n
e
stu
a
ry
:
A
c
o
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
stu
d
y
o
f
f
lo
a
ti
n
g
a
n
d
b
o
t
to
m
-
f
i
x
e
d
tu
rb
i
n
e
s,”
En
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
7
7
,
p
p
.
8
0
2
–
8
1
1
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
4
.
[2
2
]
O.
F
a
rro
k
,
M
.
R.
Isla
m
,
a
n
d
M
.
R
.
I.
S
h
e
ik
h
,
“
A
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
th
e
Oc
e
a
n
ic
W
a
v
e
D
y
n
a
m
ics
f
o
r
G
e
n
e
r
a
ti
o
n
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
e
r
g
y
Us
in
g
a
L
in
e
a
r
G
e
n
e
ra
to
r,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
2
0
1
6
,
p
p
.
1
–
1
4
,
J
u
ly
2
0
1
6
.
[2
3
]
M
.
A
.
Ko
ws
e
r,
M
.
T
.
Isla
m
,
M
.
G
.
Ud
d
in
,
T
.
B.
Ch
a
k
m
a
,
a
n
d
M
.
Z.
R.
Ch
o
w
d
h
u
ry
,
“
F
e
a
sib
il
it
y
stu
d
y
o
f
o
c
e
a
n
w
a
v
e
o
f
th
e
b
a
y
o
f
b
e
n
g
a
l
to
g
e
n
e
ra
te
e
lec
tri
c
it
y
a
s
a
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
w
it
h
a
p
ro
p
o
se
d
d
e
sig
n
o
f
e
n
e
rg
y
c
o
n
v
e
rsio
n
sy
ste
m
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ren
e
w
a
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
Re
se
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
4
4
5
–
4
5
2
,
M
a
y
2014.
[2
4
]
M
.
A
.
Ho
ss
a
in
,
M
.
Z.
H
o
ss
a
in
,
M
.
M
.
Ra
h
m
a
n
,
a
n
d
M
.
A
.
Ra
h
m
a
n
,
“
P
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
a
n
d
C
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
o
f
T
id
a
l
P
o
w
e
r
in
Ba
n
g
lad
e
sh
,
”
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
1
1
4
7
–
1
1
5
0
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
5
]
M
.
M
u
tah
a
ra
,
J.
F
.
W
a
rn
e
r,
A
.
E.
J.
W
a
ls,
M
.
S
.
A
.
Kh
a
n
,
a
n
d
P
.
W
e
ste
r,
“
S
o
c
ial
lea
rn
i
n
g
f
o
r
a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
d
e
lt
a
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t:
T
id
a
l
Riv
e
r
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
in
th
e
Ba
n
g
lad
e
sh
De
lt
a
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
W
a
ter
Res
o
u
rc
e
s
De
v
e
lo
p
me
n
t
,
v
o
l.
3
4
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
9
2
3
–
9
4
3
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
6
]
P
.
E
.
Ca
m
p
a
n
a
,
L
.
W
ä
sth
a
g
e
,
W
.
No
o
k
u
e
a
,
Y.
T
a
n
,
a
n
d
J.
Ya
n
,
“
Op
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
a
n
d
a
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
o
f
f
lo
a
ti
n
g
a
n
d
f
lo
a
ti
n
g
-
trac
k
in
g
P
V
sy
ste
m
s
in
teg
ra
ted
in
o
n
-
a
n
d
o
f
f
-
g
rid
h
y
b
rid
e
n
e
rg
y
s
y
ste
m
s,”
S
o
la
r
E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
1
7
7
,
p
p
.
7
8
2
–
7
9
5
,
Ja
n
u
a
ry
2
0
1
9
.
[2
7
]
M
.
P
e
re
z
,
R.
P
e
re
z
,
C.
R.
F
e
rg
u
so
n
,
a
n
d
J.
S
c
h
lem
m
e
r,
“
De
p
lo
y
in
g
e
ffe
c
ti
v
e
l
y
d
isp
a
tch
a
b
le
P
V
o
n
re
se
rv
o
irs:
Co
m
p
a
rin
g
f
lo
a
ti
n
g
P
V
t
o
o
th
e
r
r
e
n
e
wa
b
le t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
,
”
S
o
l
a
r
E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
1
7
4
,
p
p
.
8
3
7
–
8
4
7
,
N
o
v
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
8
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.