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1
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2
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[
4
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2252
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8792
I
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A
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p
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Vo
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10
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No
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2
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2
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2
1
:
127
–
1
3
4
128
T
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1
1
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.
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Diesel
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Gen
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O
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Kaz
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5
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w
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co
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[
6
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th
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d
its
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
o
f
m
icr
o
g
r
id
o
p
er
atio
n
.
P
an
d
ey
e
t
a
l
.
[
7
]
p
r
esen
t
a
h
y
b
r
id
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
to
co
n
tr
o
l
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
w
i
t
h
v
ar
iatio
n
in
lo
ad
p
o
w
er
an
d
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
o
f
t
w
o
ar
ea
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
t
p
ap
e
r
ai
m
s
to
s
tu
d
y
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
i
n
t
er
m
itte
n
t
n
atu
r
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o
f
en
er
g
y
g
e
n
er
atio
n
a
n
d
lo
ad
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
o
n
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
m
icr
o
g
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
an
i
s
o
lated
m
o
d
e
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
.
T
h
e
s
to
r
ag
e
d
ev
ices p
r
ese
n
t a
n
e
f
f
ic
ien
t
r
o
le
in
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l o
f
m
icr
o
g
r
id
b
y
eli
m
i
n
ati
n
g
th
e
m
is
m
atc
h
es
b
et
w
ee
n
lo
ad
an
d
g
en
er
atio
n
an
d
r
elea
s
e
th
e
s
to
r
ed
p
o
w
er
w
h
e
n
th
e
lo
ad
r
eq
u
ir
es
it
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
in
ter
m
itte
n
t
n
a
tu
r
e
o
f
w
i
n
d
an
d
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
te
m
p
r
o
v
o
k
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
f
l
u
ct
u
a
tio
n
s
w
h
ic
h
r
eq
u
ir
e
an
ad
eq
u
ate
co
n
tr
o
l s
y
s
te
m
[
9
]
.
Var
io
u
s
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
s
u
c
h
as
th
e
c
lass
ical
P
I
D,
f
u
zz
y
l
o
g
ic
an
d
f
r
ac
tio
n
al
-
o
r
d
er
P
I
D
is
ap
p
lied
f
o
r
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
d
ev
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n
s
co
n
tr
o
l
[
1
0
-
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
c
lass
ical
P
I
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
th
e
s
im
p
l
es
t
an
d
e
a
s
i
e
s
t
t
o
b
e
im
p
lem
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te
d
i
n
th
e
k
in
d
o
f
s
y
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t
em
a
n
d
i
t
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al
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l
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r
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ly
u
s
e
d
i
n
th
e
in
d
u
s
t
r
y
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
[1
3
-
1
5
]
.
Ku
m
ar
i
a
n
d
J
h
a
[
1
6
]
s
tu
d
ied
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
s
ta
n
d
-
alo
n
e
m
icr
o
g
r
id
b
ased
b
att
er
y
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
d
ev
ices
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
ap
p
licati
o
n
o
f
p
ar
ticle
s
w
ar
m
o
p
ti
m
iz
atio
n
(
P
SO)
m
et
h
o
d
.
Als
o
i
n
[
1
7
-
1
8
]
,
th
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
p
r
esen
ted
a
p
ap
er
ab
o
u
t
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
co
n
tr
o
l
in
t
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
i
n
g
P
I
D/P
I
b
ased
GA
.
An
o
p
tim
izatio
n
m
e
th
o
d
ca
lled
M
B
A
p
r
ese
n
ted
b
y
W
a
n
g
et
a
l.
[
1
9
]
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
P
I
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
g
ai
n
s
f
o
r
a
m
icr
o
g
r
id
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
o
s
o
lv
e
th
i
s
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
co
n
tr
o
l
in
m
icr
o
g
r
id
b
y
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ie
s
li
k
e
P
I
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
as
in
R
a
y
et
a
l.
[
8
]
.
T
o
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
e
v
al
u
es
o
f
th
e
g
a
in
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
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p
o
s
ed
PID
co
n
tr
o
ller
th
e
PS
O
m
et
h
o
d
is
in
v
est
ig
ated
to
b
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
.
Ken
n
ed
y
a
n
d
E
b
er
h
ar
t
in
1
9
9
5
[
2
0
]
in
v
e
s
ti
g
ated
t
h
i
s
m
et
h
o
d
w
h
i
ch
i
s
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
t
h
e
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to
ch
a
s
ti
c
s
ea
r
ch
to
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eso
l
v
e
d
i
f
f
ic
u
lt
o
p
tim
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n
is
s
u
e
s
d
u
r
in
g
a
s
h
o
r
t ti
m
e
an
d
r
ap
id
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
m
a
in
p
r
o
b
le
m
to
ap
p
l
y
t
h
is
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
its
o
p
ti
m
al
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
.
R
ec
e
n
tl
y
s
o
m
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
li
k
e
g
e
n
etic
al
g
o
r
ith
m
a
n
d
P
ar
ticle
S
w
ar
m
Op
ti
m
izatio
n
a
r
e
in
v
e
s
ti
g
ated
t
o
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
e
i
s
s
u
e
o
f
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
d
ev
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n
s
i
n
t
h
e
m
icr
o
g
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
[
2
2
-
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
P
SO
tech
n
iq
u
e
h
as
n
o
t
g
o
t
e
n
o
u
g
h
ap
p
licatio
n
i
n
t
h
e
f
ie
ld
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
en
er
g
y
.
T
h
is
p
r
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t
p
ap
er
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
e
P
I
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
o
f
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
co
n
tr
o
l
i
n
an
is
o
lated
m
icr
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g
r
id
ar
ea
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
tech
n
iq
u
e
i
n
v
o
lv
es
t
h
e
P
I
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
tu
n
ed
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
P
SO
al
g
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
p
r
esen
t
b
etter
r
o
b
u
s
t
n
e
s
s
o
f
P
I
D
-
P
SO
i
n
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
w
it
h
P
I
D
-
G
A
.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
th
i
s
p
ap
er
is
s
u
m
m
ar
iz
ed
in
th
e
f
ello
w
s
ec
tio
n
s
;
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
icr
o
g
r
id
is
p
r
ese
n
t
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
2
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ch
e
m
e
i
s
ad
d
r
ess
ed
i
n
s
ec
tio
n
3
.
Sectio
n
4
s
h
o
w
s
an
o
v
er
v
ie
w
o
f
th
e
P
SO
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
an
d
d
i
s
cu
s
s
io
n
ar
e
d
is
p
la
y
ed
i
n
s
ec
tio
n
5
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
is
f
i
n
i
s
h
ed
b
y
a
co
n
c
lu
s
i
o
n
in
s
ec
tio
n
6
a
n
d
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
.
2.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
SYS
T
E
M
CO
N
F
I
G
U
RAT
I
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
is
o
lated
m
icr
o
g
r
id
in
cl
u
d
i
n
g
r
en
e
w
ab
le
s
o
u
r
ce
s
li
k
e
P
V
an
d
W
in
d
g
en
er
ato
r
s
w
it
h
a
co
n
v
en
t
io
n
al
s
o
u
r
ce
lik
e
DE
G
u
s
ed
as
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
t
h
at
ca
n
r
eg
u
late
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
w
h
e
n
th
e
i
m
b
a
lan
ce
b
e
t
w
ee
n
g
en
er
atio
n
a
n
d
lo
ad
o
cc
u
r
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
lo
o
p
co
n
tr
o
l.
T
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
u
s
u
all
y
i
n
ter
f
ac
ed
w
ith
elec
tr
o
n
ic
d
e
v
ices
to
f
a
cilitate
t
h
e
e
x
ch
a
n
g
e
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
b
et
w
ee
n
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
lik
e
c
h
ar
g
e
a
n
d
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
o
f
s
to
r
ag
e
d
ev
ice
s
.
W
h
en
t
h
e
lo
ad
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
th
e
s
u
r
p
lu
s
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
w
i
n
d
a
n
d
/o
r
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic,
t
h
e
s
to
r
ag
e
d
e
v
ices
s
tar
t
to
ch
ar
g
e
a
n
d
as
w
ell
a
s
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
in
DE
G
d
ec
r
ea
s
es.
Fro
m
liter
at
u
r
e,
m
an
y
s
i
m
p
li
f
ied
m
o
d
els
o
f
m
icr
o
g
r
id
u
s
in
g
s
m
al
l
-
s
i
g
n
al
a
n
al
y
s
is
r
esp
o
n
s
e
s
o
f
a
m
icr
o
g
r
id
ar
e
in
v
e
s
ti
g
ated
,
w
h
er
e
all
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
b
y
a
f
ir
s
t
-
o
r
d
er
tr
an
s
f
er
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
w
h
ich
h
a
s
b
ee
n
co
n
s
id
er
ed
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t
f
o
r
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
e
h
av
io
r
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
an
d
f
o
r
also
s
i
m
p
l
if
ie
s
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
la
ti
o
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
2
0
-
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
icr
o
g
r
id
s
y
s
t
e
m
i
s
m
o
d
elled
b
y
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
-
o
r
d
er
tr
an
s
f
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
g
e
n
er
atio
n
a
n
d
s
to
r
ag
e
d
ev
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as
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
is
m
o
d
ell
ed
f
o
r
an
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
b
eh
av
io
r
.
A
co
n
tr
o
l te
ch
n
iq
u
e
m
u
s
t b
e
in
v
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s
ti
g
ated
to
i
m
p
r
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v
e
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
a
n
d
s
tab
ilit
y
[
2
3
]
.
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P
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tatio
n
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e,
th
e
y
ca
n
ass
u
r
e
t
h
e
b
est
r
o
b
u
s
tn
e
s
s
a
n
d
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
P
I
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
th
e
m
o
s
t
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ch
e
m
e
u
s
e
d
to
en
h
an
ce
t
h
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
r
ed
u
ce
er
r
o
r
i
n
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
s
y
s
te
m
.
A
d
d
in
g
t
h
e
d
er
iv
ati
v
e
ac
tio
n
i
s
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
al
ac
tio
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
tab
ilit
y
b
y
ad
d
i
n
g
a
p
o
le
a
t
o
r
ig
in
an
d
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
r
ed
u
cin
g
t
h
e
s
tead
y
-
s
tate
er
r
o
r
.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
f
er
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
-
i
n
teg
r
al
-
d
er
iv
at
iv
e
(
P
I
D)
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
g
iv
e
n
b
y
[
1
6
]
.
(
1
)
w
h
er
e,
,
,
an
d
ar
e
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al,
i
n
te
g
r
al
an
d
d
er
iv
a
tiv
e
g
ai
n
o
f
P
I
D
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
P
I
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
t
h
e
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
[
2
4
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Stru
ct
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
P
I
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
P
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
t
h
e
P
I
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
ar
e
o
p
tim
al
l
y
tu
n
ed
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
d
ev
iatio
n
s
.
Ob
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
c
tio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
co
n
s
id
er
ed
f
o
r
s
o
lv
in
g
a
n
y
p
r
o
b
lem
p
la
y
s
an
ef
f
ici
en
t r
o
le
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
Hen
ce
i
n
te
g
r
al
s
q
u
ar
e
er
r
o
r
(
I
SE)
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
a
s
u
itab
le
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
f
o
r
tu
n
i
n
g
co
n
tr
o
ller
p
ar
am
eter
s
[
1
9
]
.
∫
(
2
)
w
h
er
e
is
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
d
ev
iat
io
n
o
f
th
e
m
icr
o
g
r
id
.
T
h
e
is
th
e
ti
m
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
.
T
h
is
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
w
ill b
e
r
eso
lv
ed
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
P
SO a
l
g
o
r
ith
m
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
f
t
h
e
P
I
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
4.
P
ARTI
C
L
E
SWA
RM
O
P
T
I
M
I
Z
AT
I
O
N(
P
SO
)
Var
io
u
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
h
a
v
e
n
o
t
b
e
en
ab
le
to
b
e
r
eso
lv
ed
b
y
an
al
y
tical
m
et
h
o
d
s
th
at
g
iv
e
t
h
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
i
n
s
h
o
r
t
d
u
r
atio
n
.
T
o
o
v
er
co
m
e
t
h
ese
t
y
p
es
o
f
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
s
o
m
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
ar
e
in
v
e
s
tig
a
ted
to
o
f
f
er
a
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8792
I
n
t J
A
p
p
l
P
o
w
er
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
1
:
127
–
1
3
4
130
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ed
s
o
lu
tio
n
a
f
ter
litt
le
iter
atio
n
[
1
5
]
.
On
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
t
h
e
p
ar
ticle
s
w
ar
m
o
p
tim
izatio
n
a
l
g
o
r
ith
m
i
s
lar
g
el
y
u
s
ed
an
d
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
i
n
m
a
n
y
f
ield
s
o
f
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
is
s
u
es.
T
h
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
a
s
to
ch
ast
ic
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
i
m
u
lated
b
y
t
h
e
s
o
cia
l
attitu
d
e
a
n
d
f
is
h
s
c
h
o
o
lin
g
o
f
b
ir
d
f
lo
ck
in
g
in
v
e
s
ti
g
ated
b
y
E
b
er
h
ar
t
an
d
Ken
n
ed
y
.
E
ac
h
p
ar
ticle
ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
a
p
o
s
s
ib
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
th
e
u
n
k
n
o
w
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
to
b
e
r
eso
l
v
ed
[
1
6
-
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
N
p
ar
ticles
co
m
p
o
s
e
t
h
e
s
w
ar
m
m
o
v
e
in
s
ea
r
ch
s
p
ac
e
f
o
r
D
-
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
al.
A
r
an
d
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
an
d
a
r
an
d
o
m
v
elo
cit
y
ar
e
in
it
ialized
f
o
r
ea
ch
p
ar
ticle.
T
h
e
n
e
w
v
elo
cit
y
is
d
eter
m
i
n
e
d
b
y
t
h
is
f
o
r
m
u
la
[
2
4
]
.
(
3
)
(
4
)
w
h
er
e
is
v
elo
cit
y
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
ar
ticle
i
n
iter
atio
n
,
is
t
h
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
in
t
h
e
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
p
ar
ticle
p
o
s
itio
n
i
n
iter
atio
n
,
ar
e
co
n
s
ta
n
t
w
ei
g
h
t
f
ac
to
r
s
a
n
d
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
r
an
d
o
m
f
ac
to
r
s
v
ar
ied
in
[
0
,
1
]
.
P
b
est
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
b
est
p
o
s
itio
n
r
ea
ch
ed
s
o
f
ar
b
y
p
ar
ticle,
Gb
es
t
p
r
esen
t
s
t
h
e
b
est
p
o
s
itio
n
r
ea
ch
ed
b
y
t
h
e
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
s
o
f
th
e
p
ar
ticle,
an
d
w
p
r
esen
t
s
an
in
er
tia
w
ei
g
h
t
w
h
ic
h
is
v
ar
ied
b
et
w
ee
n
a
h
ig
h
v
alu
e
(
w
0
)
an
d
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
to
.
Step
s
f
o
r
P
SO b
ased
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
’
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
i
s
ex
p
lain
ed
as
f
o
llo
w
[
2
3
]
.
Step
1
:
A
p
o
p
u
latio
n
o
f
p
ar
ticles is
i
n
i
tialized
w
i
th
p
o
s
itio
n
s
a
n
d
v
el
o
cities in
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
s
p
ac
e.
Step
2
:
T
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
i
s
ca
lc
u
lated
f
o
r
ea
ch
p
ar
ticle
in
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
s
p
ac
e
Step
3
:
T
h
e
ev
alu
ated
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ct
io
n
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
b
est
p
r
ev
io
u
s
v
al
u
es.
W
h
e
n
t
h
e
b
etter
is
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
o
n
e,
t
h
en
s
et
t
h
e
b
est
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
v
al
u
e
is
r
ep
lace
d
b
y
t
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
o
n
e,
a
n
d
p
i
e
q
u
als
to
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t lo
ca
tio
n
x
i i
n
D
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
al
s
p
ac
e.
Step
4
:
I
d
en
tify
th
e
p
ar
ticle
in
t
h
e
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
h
o
o
d
w
it
h
th
e
b
est
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
v
al
u
e
s
o
f
ar
,
an
d
ass
ig
n
it
s
in
d
ex
to
th
e
v
ar
iab
le
g
Step
5
:
Up
d
ate
th
e
p
ar
ticle
p
o
s
itio
n
a
n
d
v
elo
cit
y
v
a
lu
e
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
(
3
)
an
d
(
4
)
Step
6
:
R
ep
ea
t step
2
an
d
v
er
if
y
i
f
th
e
cr
iter
io
n
is
r
ea
ch
ed
o
r
iter
atio
n
s
e
n
d
ed
T
h
e
P
SO a
lg
o
r
ith
m
f
lo
w
ch
ar
t
is
d
is
p
la
y
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Flo
w
c
h
ar
t o
f
p
ar
ticle
s
w
ar
m
o
p
ti
m
iza
tio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
A
p
p
l P
o
w
er
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8792
C
o
n
tr
o
l o
f iso
la
ted
micro
g
r
id
b
a
s
ed
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
erg
y
g
en
era
tio
n
u
s
in
g
…
(
R
eg
a
d
Mo
h
a
me
d
S
id
i B
r
a
h
im
)
131
5.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
g
iv
e
n
m
o
d
el
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
is
d
esig
n
ed
in
Si
m
u
li
n
k
u
s
in
g
a
f
ir
s
t
-
o
r
d
er
tr
an
s
f
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
is
s
i
m
u
lated
f
o
r
1
0
0
s
u
n
d
er
v
ar
iatio
n
s
i
n
g
en
er
atio
n
p
o
w
er
an
d
lo
ad
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
f
o
l
lo
w
ed
f
ig
u
r
es.
T
h
e
g
en
er
ated
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
r
en
e
w
ab
le
e
n
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
a
n
d
l
o
ad
d
em
a
n
d
i
s
p
r
ese
n
ted
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
P
I
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
tu
n
ed
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
P
SO
alg
o
r
it
h
m
w
h
ic
h
it
s
f
i
tn
e
s
s
f
u
n
c
tio
n
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
an
d
h
as
b
ee
n
f
ast
co
n
v
er
g
ed
b
eh
a
v
io
r
.
Fre
q
u
en
c
y
an
d
p
o
w
er
d
ev
iat
io
n
s
t
h
at
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
e
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
P
SO
o
p
ti
m
ized
P
I
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
in
ter
m
s
o
f
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
d
ice
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
t
ed
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
r
ef
lect
g
o
o
d
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
icr
o
g
r
id
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
e
m
p
l
o
y
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
P
I
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
tu
n
ed
b
y
t
h
e
P
SO
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
i
n
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
w
i
th
GA
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t p
o
w
er
s
o
f
SP
V,
W
T
G
an
d
l
o
a
d
d
em
an
d
,
(
a)
S
o
lar
p
o
w
er
,
(
b
)
W
in
d
p
o
w
er
,
(
c)
L
o
ad
p
o
w
er
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
p
lo
t
o
f
th
e
f
i
tn
e
s
s
f
u
n
c
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
P
I
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
u
s
i
n
g
P
SO
5
.
1
.
T
i
m
e
-
do
m
a
in a
na
ly
s
i
s
I
n
th
i
s
s
u
b
s
ec
tio
n
,
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
et
w
ee
n
P
SO a
n
d
G
A
b
ase
d
P
I
D
is
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
ed
f
o
r
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
an
d
p
o
w
er
d
ev
iatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
ar
e
r
eg
u
lated
b
y
t
h
e
P
I
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
t
h
e
r
es
u
lt
s
ar
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
as in
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8792
I
n
t J
A
p
p
l
P
o
w
er
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
1
:
127
–
1
3
4
132
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Fre
q
u
en
c
y
a
n
d
p
o
w
e
r
d
ev
iatio
n
s
w
it
h
b
est P
I
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
-
b
ased
GA
a
n
d
P
SO
,
(
a)
F
r
eq
u
en
c
y
d
ev
ia
tio
n
,
(
b
)
P
o
w
er
d
ev
iatio
n
5
.
2
.
G
ener
a
t
ed
po
w
er
f
ro
m
m
i
cr
o
g
rid c
o
m
po
nents
T
h
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
d
ev
ices s
u
c
h
as th
e
b
atter
y
e
n
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
te
m
a
n
d
f
l
y
w
h
ee
l
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
w
it
h
d
iesel
e
n
g
i
n
e
g
e
n
er
a
to
r
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
7
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
P
I
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
o
p
tim
ized
b
y
p
ar
ticle
s
w
ar
m
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
an
d
g
e
n
et
ic
alg
o
r
it
h
m
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
s
h
o
w
th
e
b
ette
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
in
g
P
SO
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
w
i
th
GA
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
f
l
u
ctu
a
tio
n
i
n
g
en
er
atio
n
p
o
w
er
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
d
i
s
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
i
n
b
o
th
g
e
n
er
atio
n
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
r
en
e
w
ab
le
s
o
u
r
ce
s
an
d
lo
ad
p
o
w
er
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t p
o
w
er
o
f
DE
G,
B
E
SS
an
d
FESS
w
it
h
t
h
e
b
est P
I
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
(
a)
Ou
tp
u
t p
o
w
er
o
f
B
E
SS
,
(
b
)
o
u
tp
u
t p
o
w
er
o
f
FE
SS
,
(
c)
o
u
tp
u
t p
o
w
er
o
f
DE
G
Fig
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
w
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
c
o
n
tr
o
l
in
ti
m
e
d
o
m
ain
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
m
icr
o
g
r
id
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
f
a
s
t
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
P
SO
to
f
in
d
th
e
o
p
ti
m
a
l
P
I
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
T
h
e
b
est
o
b
tain
ed
P
I
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
A
p
p
l P
o
w
er
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8792
C
o
n
tr
o
l o
f iso
la
ted
micro
g
r
id
b
a
s
ed
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
erg
y
g
en
era
tio
n
u
s
in
g
…
(
R
eg
a
d
Mo
h
a
me
d
S
id
i B
r
a
h
im
)
133
p
ar
am
eter
s
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
f
l
u
ct
u
atio
n
ag
a
i
n
s
t
th
e
s
to
c
h
asti
c
v
ar
ia
tio
n
s
i
n
p
o
w
er
g
en
er
atio
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
en
e
w
ab
le
s
o
u
r
ce
s
a
n
d
lo
ad
s
d
em
a
n
d
p
er
tu
r
b
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
u
d
d
en
ch
a
n
g
e
i
n
g
en
er
at
io
n
an
d
lo
ad
af
f
ec
t
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
an
d
p
o
w
er
s
tab
ilit
y
a
n
d
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
w
o
r
k
t
o
r
ed
u
ce
th
is
ef
f
ec
t
b
y
t
h
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
s
ig
n
al
to
th
e
s
to
r
ag
e
d
ev
ices
an
d
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
o
u
r
ce
DE
G.
T
h
e
af
o
r
em
e
n
tio
n
ed
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
u
p
th
at
th
e
P
SO
alg
o
r
ith
m
en
h
a
n
ce
s
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
b
etter
th
an
G
A
i
n
th
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
f
l
u
ct
u
atio
n
an
d
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
to
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
.
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
th
is
p
ap
er
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
an
i
s
o
lated
m
icr
o
g
r
id
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
a
w
i
n
d
tu
r
b
in
e
g
en
er
ato
r
,
s
o
lar
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
,
b
atter
y
,
f
l
y
w
h
ee
l,
aq
u
a
elec
t
r
o
ly
ze
,
d
iesel
e
n
g
i
n
e
g
e
n
er
ato
r
,
an
d
f
u
el
ce
ll
.
A
ll
m
icr
o
g
r
id
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
ar
e
m
o
d
elled
b
y
th
e
tr
an
s
f
er
f
u
n
c
tio
n
in
th
e
f
ir
s
t
o
r
d
er
.
T
h
e
P
I
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
r
o
b
u
s
t
n
es
s
u
n
d
er
b
o
th
in
ter
m
itte
n
t
n
at
u
r
es
o
f
r
en
e
w
ab
le
g
en
er
atio
n
an
d
lo
ad
ch
an
g
es
i
s
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
.
T
h
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
d
ev
iatio
n
i
s
r
ed
u
ce
d
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
P
I
D
co
n
t
r
o
ller
.
T
h
e
o
p
ti
m
al
g
ain
s
o
f
th
e
P
I
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
ar
e
ac
h
iev
ed
u
s
in
g
P
SO
an
d
g
e
n
e
tic
alg
o
r
it
h
m
.
T
h
e
o
b
tain
ed
r
e
s
u
lt
s
s
h
o
w
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
es
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ch
e
m
e
in
ter
m
s
o
f
le
s
s
o
s
cillat
io
n
a
n
d
g
o
o
d
s
y
s
te
m
s
tab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
g
e
n
er
ated
p
o
w
e
r
s
b
y
B
E
SS
,
FESS
an
d
DE
G
ar
e
en
h
an
ce
d
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
P
I
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
b
ased
P
SO
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
w
it
h
G
A
.
T
h
e
P
I
D
-
P
SO
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
s
P
I
D
-
G
A
to
m
iti
g
ate
th
e
f
l
u
ct
u
atio
n
i
n
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
an
d
p
o
w
er
d
ev
iat
io
n
s
a
f
f
ec
ted
b
y
t
h
e
s
u
d
d
en
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
i
n
g
en
er
atio
n
an
d
lo
ad
.
T
h
e
o
b
tain
ed
r
esu
lt
is
b
etter
i
n
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
to
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
r
es
u
lt
s
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
th
e
li
ter
atu
r
e
a
s
i
n
[
7
]
w
h
er
e
th
e
au
t
h
o
r
u
s
es
s
h
o
r
t
ti
m
e
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
a
n
d
w
it
h
o
u
t
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
i
n
ter
m
itten
t
an
d
s
to
ch
ast
i
c
n
atu
r
e
o
f
r
en
e
w
ab
le
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
B
esid
es
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
d
ev
ia
ti
o
n
s
ar
e
s
m
all
a
n
d
m
o
r
e
s
tab
le
w
it
h
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
.
T
h
is
in
v
es
tig
a
ted
m
e
th
o
d
is
an
e
f
f
ic
ien
t
c
h
o
i
ce
to
b
e
ap
p
lied
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
te
m
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
w
i
th
t
h
e
in
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
r
en
e
w
ab
le
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
te
m
u
n
d
er
lo
ad
ch
an
g
e.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Rib
e
iro
,
L
.
D.
S
.
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
De
sig
n
,
c
o
n
tro
l,
a
n
d
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
a
h
y
b
rid
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
b
a
se
d
o
n
re
n
e
w
a
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
so
u
rc
e
s
,
”
Rev
ista
El
e
trô
n
i
c
a
d
e
P
o
tên
c
ia
-
S
o
b
ra
e
p
,
v
o
l.
15
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
3
1
3
-
3
2
2
,
2
0
1
0
.
[2
]
D.
L
e
e
a
n
d
L
.
W
a
n
g
,
“
S
m
a
ll
-
sig
n
a
l
sta
b
il
it
y
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
a
n
a
u
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
h
y
b
rid
re
n
e
w
a
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
p
o
w
e
r
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
/en
e
rg
y
sto
ra
g
e
s
y
ste
m
p
a
rt
i:
ti
m
e
-
d
o
m
a
in
si
m
u
latio
n
s
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
E
n
e
rg
y
Co
n
v
e
rs
io
n
,
v
o
l
.
2
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
1
1
-
3
2
0
,
M
a
rc
h
2
0
0
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/T
EC.
2
0
0
7
.
9
1
4
3
0
9
.
[3
]
T
a
b
a
tab
a
e
i,
Na
s
e
r
M
a
h
d
a
v
i,
Ersa
n
Ka
b
a
lci,
a
n
d
Nic
u
Bizo
n
,
“
Ov
e
rv
ie
w
o
f
M
icro
g
rid
,
”
M
icr
o
g
rid
Arc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
s,
Co
n
tro
l
a
n
d
Pro
tec
ti
o
n
M
e
th
o
d
s.
S
p
rin
g
e
r,
Ch
a
m
,
p
p
.
3
-
19
,
2
0
2
0
.
[4
]
A
.
Ca
g
n
a
n
o
,
E.
De
T
u
g
li
e
,
P
.
M
a
n
c
a
re
ll
a
,
“
M
icro
g
rid
s:
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rv
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w
a
n
d
g
u
i
d
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n
e
s
f
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ta
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l.
258
,
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p
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[5
]
H.
A
.
Ka
z
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,
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A
.
S
.
A
l
-
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d
i,
A
.
S
.
A
l
Bu
sa
id
i
a
n
d
M
.
T
.
Ch
a
ich
a
n
,
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ti
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u
m
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sig
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n
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lar/w
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ste
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fo
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a
sira
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Isla
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d
,
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v
iro
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me
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De
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1
7
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-
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7
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8
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2
0
1
7
.
[6
]
A
.
H.
A
.
A
l
-
W
a
e
li
,
e
t
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l
.
,
“
Na
n
o
f
lu
id
b
a
se
d
g
rid
c
o
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n
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c
ted
P
V
/T
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m
s
in
M
a
la
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:
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tec
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n
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ica
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t
,
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u
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le E
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me
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v
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l.
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,
p
p
.
8
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5
,
2
0
1
8
.
[7
]
S
.
K.
P
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e
y
,
S
.
R.
M
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h
a
n
ty
,
N.
Kish
o
ra
a
n
d
J.
P
.
S
.
Ca
talã
o
,
“
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
re
g
u
latio
n
in
h
y
b
rid
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o
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s
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ste
m
s u
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g
p
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iz
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l
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r
m
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tri
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a
li
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s
b
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se
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ro
b
u
st
c
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l
ler
d
e
sig
n
,
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ter
n
a
t
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o
n
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l
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o
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l
o
f
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e
c
trica
l
Po
we
r &
En
e
rg
y
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y
ste
ms
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l.
6
3
,
p
p
.
8
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7
-
9
0
0
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2
0
1
4
.
[8
]
Ra
y
,
P
ra
k
a
sh
,
S
o
u
m
y
a
M
o
h
a
n
t
y
,
a
n
d
Na
n
d
Kish
o
r
,
“
S
m
a
ll
-
si
g
n
a
l
a
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
a
u
to
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o
m
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b
u
te
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n
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ra
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n
sy
ste
m
s
in
p
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se
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lt
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p
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d
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o
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ti
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n
,
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o
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a
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o
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g
,
p
p
.
2
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-
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,
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0
1
0
.
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]
M
.
Re
g
a
d
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
F
ra
c
ti
o
n
a
l
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r
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ID
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tr
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g
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ra
ti
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n
u
sin
g
g
e
n
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ti
c
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
,
”
2
0
1
9
IEE
E
7
th
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
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l
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0
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P
a
n
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d
S
.
Da
s,
“
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in
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b
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d
su
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,
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ra
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rt Grid
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l.
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1
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In
d
ra
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a
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n
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p
tars
h
i
Da
s
,
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ra
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,
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ti
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v
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.
6
2
,
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p
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1
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0
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[1
2
]
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.
Re
g
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d
,
M
.
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laim
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T
a
leb
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n
d
A
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T
o
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l
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a
a
m
a
r,
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ti
m
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m
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th
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ID
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tro
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in
m
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r
id
b
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w
a
b
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s
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tt
i
M
.
(
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d
s)
S
ma
rt
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rg
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in
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3
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Na
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Ue
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iso
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d
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,
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r
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2
7
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
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A
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p
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P
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Vo
l.
10
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.
2
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J
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2
0
2
1
:
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3
4
134
[1
4
]
Du
lal
Ch
Da
s,
A
K
Ro
y
a
n
d
N
S
in
h
a
,
“
G
e
n
e
ti
c
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
b
a
se
d
P
I
c
o
n
tr
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ll
e
r
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q
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n
c
y
c
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tro
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ra
ti
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m
,
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d
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ter
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M
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fer
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ter
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2
0
1
1
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2
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1
1
.
[1
5
]
P
a
n
d
e
y
,
S
h
a
sh
i
Ka
n
t,
Na
n
d
Kish
o
r,
a
n
d
S
o
u
m
y
a
R.
M
o
h
a
n
ty
,
“
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
re
g
u
latio
n
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n
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rid
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o
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s
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ste
m
u
sin
g
it
e
ra
ti
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p
ro
p
o
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o
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a
l
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n
teg
ra
l
-
d
e
riv
a
ti
v
e
H∞
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r
,”
El
e
c
tric
Po
we
r
Co
mp
o
n
e
n
ts
a
n
d
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
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l.
42
,
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2
,
p
p
.
1
3
2
-
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8
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2
0
1
4
.
[1
6
]
Na
re
sh
Ku
m
a
ri
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n
d
A
.
N.
Jh
a
,
“
F
re
q
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n
c
y
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sp
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sin
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q
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,
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te
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Ad
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a
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c
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ter
Res
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v
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4
,
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1
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p
p
.
1
1
6
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2
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0
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4
[1
7
]
M
.
Re
g
a
d
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
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o
n
tr
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l
in
m
icro
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p
o
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m
w
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re
n
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wa
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p
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n
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ra
ti
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n
u
sin
g
P
ID
c
o
n
tro
ll
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r
b
a
se
d
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n
p
a
rti
c
le
sw
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r
m
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p
ti
m
iza
ti
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n
,
”
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t
ti
M
.
(
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d
s)
S
m
a
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y
Emp
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we
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e
n
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in
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ma
rt
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Res
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Cit
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2
0
1
9
.
L
e
c
tu
re
No
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in
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two
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s
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n
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,
v
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.
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0
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0
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:
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0
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1
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8
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3
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_
1
.
[1
8
]
Ho
ss
a
in
,
S
h
a
h
M
o
h
a
z
z
e
m
,
a
n
d
M
.
S
.
A
.
A
.
F
.
S
h
ib
lee
,
“
A
re
v
ie
w
stu
d
y
o
n
sm
a
ll
sig
n
a
l
sta
b
il
it
y
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m
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t
in
p
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m
w
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h
in
teg
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
d
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b
u
ted
w
in
d
e
n
e
rg
y
so
u
rc
e
s
,
”
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
S
c
ien
ti
f
ic
a
n
d
En
g
in
e
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rin
g
Re
se
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
9
2
7
-
9
3
2
,
Oc
t
.
2
0
1
7
.
[1
9
]
L
i
W
a
n
g
,
Do
n
g
-
Jin
g
L
e
e
,
Wei
-
J
e
n
L
e
e
,
a
n
d
Z
h
e
Ch
e
n
,
“
A
n
a
ly
si
s
o
f
a
n
o
v
e
l
a
u
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
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y
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rid
p
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ra
ti
o
n
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e
rg
y
sto
ra
g
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s
y
ste
m
w
it
h
a
h
ig
h
-
v
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lt
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g
e
d
irec
t
c
u
rre
n
t
li
n
k
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r
S
o
u
rc
e
s
,
v
o
l.
1
8
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
2
8
4
-
1
2
9
2
,
2
0
0
8
.
[2
0
]
M
.
W
il
lj
u
ice
Iru
t
h
a
y
a
r
a
jan
a
n
d
S
.
Ba
sk
a
r,
“
E
v
o
lu
ti
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n
a
ry
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
s
b
a
se
d
d
e
sig
n
o
f
m
u
lt
iv
a
riab
le
P
ID
c
o
n
tro
l
ler
,
”
Exp
e
rt S
y
ste
ms
wit
h
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
36
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
9
1
5
9
-
9
1
6
7
,
2
0
0
9
.
[2
1
]
S
in
g
h
,
Ja
y
a
n
ti
,
e
t
al
.
,
“
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
a
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
f
ra
c
ti
o
n
a
l
o
rd
e
r
f
u
z
z
y
P
ID
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r
f
o
r
h
y
b
rid
p
o
we
r
s
y
ste
m
u
sin
g
W
O
A
,
”
2
0
1
8
2
n
d
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
T
re
n
d
s in
El
e
c
tro
n
i
c
s a
n
d
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
c
s (
ICOEI)
.
IEE
E,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
2
]
M
it
c
h
e
ll
,
M
e
lan
ie
, “
A
n
in
tr
o
d
u
c
ti
o
n
t
o
g
e
n
e
ti
c
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
,”
M
IT
p
re
ss
,
1
9
9
8
.
[2
3
]
S
h
a
ra
f
,
A
d
e
l
M
.
,
a
n
d
A
.
A
.
El
-
Ga
m
m
a
l.
“
A
n
o
v
e
l
e
ff
i
c
ien
t
P
S
O
-
se
lf
re
g
u
latin
g
P
ID
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r
f
o
r
h
y
b
rid
P
V
-
FC
-
d
ies
e
l
-
b
a
tt
e
ry
m
i
c
ro
g
rid
sc
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
v
il
lag
e
/r
e
so
rt
e
lec
tri
c
it
y
u
ti
li
z
a
ti
o
n
.
”
2
0
1
0
IEE
E
El
e
c
trica
l
P
o
we
r
&
En
e
rg
y
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
.
IEE
E
,
2
0
1
0
.
[2
4
]
L
a
ti
f
,
A
.
,
Da
s,
D.
C.
,
Ra
n
jan
,
S
.
,
&
Hu
ss
a
in
,
I.
,
“
In
teg
ra
ted
d
e
m
a
n
d
si
d
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
c
o
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
a
m
icro
g
rid
u
sin
g
P
S
O
a
n
d
F
A
b
a
se
d
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
r
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ren
e
wa
b
le
En
e
rg
y
Res
e
a
rc
h
(
IJ
RE
R)
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
8
8
-
1
9
9
,
2
0
1
8
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Re
g
a
d
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
M
a
ste
r
d
e
g
re
e
w
it
h
f
irst
c
las
s
o
f
h
o
n
o
r
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
S
y
st
e
m
s
f
ro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
M
a
sc
a
ra
A
l
g
e
ria
in
2
0
1
6
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
.
H
e
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
p
u
rsu
in
g
h
is
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
a
n
d
h
ig
h
v
o
l
tag
e
a
t
Ha
ss
ib
a
Be
n
b
o
u
a
li
U
n
iv
e
rsity
o
f
Ch
le
f
,
A
l
g
e
ria.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
f
o
c
u
se
s
o
n
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
o
p
ti
m
a
l
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
th
e
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
,
a
lo
n
g
w
it
h
h
e
u
risti
c
s o
p
ti
m
iz
a
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s.
M’
h
a
m
e
d
H
e
la
i
m
i
w
a
s
b
o
rn
in
Ch
lef
,
A
l
g
e
ria,
in
1
9
7
6
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
En
g
in
e
e
r
De
g
re
e
(
w
it
h
h
o
n
o
rs)
a
n
d
t
h
e
M
a
g
ister
De
g
re
e
,
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
Ch
lef
,
A
l
g
e
ria,
in
2
0
0
1
a
n
d
2
0
0
4
,
re
s
p
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
.
In
2
0
0
4
,
He
jo
in
e
d
t
h
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
Ch
le
f,
w
h
e
re
,
f
ro
m
2
0
0
4
to
2
0
1
4
,
He
w
a
s
a
r
e
se
a
r
c
h
a
ss
ist
a
n
t.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
a
n
d
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
o
f
Ora
n
,
A
lg
e
ria,
in
2
0
1
4
.
He
is
re
se
a
rc
h
e
r
m
e
m
b
e
r
i
n
th
e
L
a
b
o
ra
to
ry
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Re
n
e
w
a
b
le
En
e
rg
y
sin
c
e
2
0
1
1
.
His
sc
ien
ti
f
ic
w
o
rk
is
r
e
late
d
to
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
h
e
a
ti
n
g
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
d
r
iv
e
s,
g
e
n
e
ti
c
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
,
a
rti
f
i
c
ial
in
telli
g
e
n
c
e
,
n
o
n
li
n
e
a
r
c
o
n
tro
l
,
d
y
n
a
m
ic
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
,
DS
P
p
r
o
c
e
ss
o
r,
F
P
G
A
a
n
d
p
o
w
e
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
.
Ra
c
h
id
T
a
leb
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
M
.
S
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
th
e
Ha
ss
ib
a
Be
n
b
o
u
a
li
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
Ch
lef
,
A
lg
e
ri
a
,
in
2
0
0
4
a
n
d
th
e
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
th
e
Djil
lali
L
iab
e
s
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
S
id
i
Be
l
-
A
b
b
e
s,
A
l
g
e
ria,
in
2
0
1
1
.
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
h
e
is
a
p
r
o
f
e
ss
o
r
i
n
th
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Ha
ss
ib
a
Be
n
b
o
u
a
li
U
n
iv
e
rsity
.
H
e
is
a
t
e
a
m
l
e
a
d
e
r
in
th
e
LG
EE
R
L
a
b
o
ra
to
ry
(
L
a
b
o
r
a
to
ire
G
é
n
ie
El
e
c
tri
q
u
e
e
t
En
e
rg
i
e
s
Re
n
o
u
v
e
lab
les
).
His
re
se
a
r
c
h
in
tere
st
in
c
lu
d
e
s
in
telli
g
e
n
t
c
o
n
t
ro
l,
h
e
u
r
isti
c
o
p
t
im
iza
ti
o
n
,
c
o
n
t
ro
l
th
e
o
ry
o
f
c
o
n
v
e
rters
a
n
d
c
o
n
v
e
rters
f
o
r
re
n
e
w
a
b
le en
e
rg
y
s
o
u
rc
e
s.
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