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w
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[
3
]
.
T
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r
ea
s
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n
w
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y
P
V
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T
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2252
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8792
I
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iab
le
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
.
T
h
is
t
h
esi
s
d
is
cu
s
s
e
s
th
e
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
e
s
an
d
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
s
o
f
t
w
o
d
if
f
er
en
t
P
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
th
e
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
P
W
M
(
SP
W
M)
tech
n
iq
u
e,
th
e
th
ir
d
-
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
-
i
n
j
ec
tio
n
P
W
M
(
T
HI
P
W
M
)
tech
n
iq
u
e.
T
h
ese
t
w
o
m
et
h
o
d
s
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
b
y
d
is
c
u
s
s
in
g
t
h
eir
ea
s
e
o
f
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
a
n
d
b
y
an
al
y
z
in
g
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
h
ar
m
o
n
i
c
s
p
ec
tr
a
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
es
(
p
o
les
v
o
ltag
es,
li
n
e
-
to
-
n
e
u
tr
al
v
o
lta
g
es,
an
d
lin
e
-
to
-
li
n
e
v
o
lta
g
es)
a
n
d
th
eir
to
tal
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
i
s
to
r
tio
n
(
T
HD)
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
e
s
u
lt
s
s
h
o
w
th
a
t
th
e
T
HI
P
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
e
h
a
s
lo
w
e
r
to
tal
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
i
s
to
r
tio
n
t
h
a
n
t
h
e
SP
W
M
tec
h
n
iq
u
e.
T
h
e
T
HI
P
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
e
in
th
e
u
n
d
er
-
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
r
eg
i
o
n
ca
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
b
y
1
5
.
5
%
o
v
er
th
e
SP
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
e.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
t
u
d
ied
in
o
u
r
wo
r
k
,
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
s
i
n
g
le
-
p
h
ase
an
d
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
v
o
ltag
e
i
n
v
e
r
ter
s
(
t
w
o
lev
els
a
n
d
th
r
ee
lev
els
o
f
NP
C
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
SP
W
M
w
ith
t
w
o
ca
r
r
ier
s
)
.
T
o
a
ch
iev
e
t
h
is
e
n
d
,
w
e
in
te
n
d
to
d
ev
elo
p
an
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
th
e
in
v
er
ter
b
ased
o
n
th
is
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e.
T
h
e
o
p
e
r
atio
n
o
f
th
i
s
al
g
o
r
ith
m
w
ill
b
e
te
s
t
ed
o
n
a
p
er
m
a
n
en
t
m
a
g
n
et
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
m
o
to
r
.
T
h
e
test
s
w
il
l
also
co
n
ce
r
n
th
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
o
n
t
h
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
to
r
q
u
e
r
ip
p
les.
I
t
will
also
q
u
esti
o
n
t
o
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
r
ate
(
T
HD)
t
o
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
en
e
s
s
o
f
th
i
s
alg
o
r
ith
m
an
d
co
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
t
h
e
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
P
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
e
ap
p
lied
to
v
o
ltag
e
in
v
er
t
er
s
.
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
w
i
ll
p
r
esen
t
t
h
e
m
o
d
elin
g
o
f
th
e
g
lo
b
al
P
V
-
B
o
o
s
t
-
I
n
v
er
ter
s
s
y
s
te
m
s
(
s
i
n
g
le
-
p
h
ase
a
n
d
t
h
r
ee
-
p
h
a
s
e)
.
First
ly
,
w
e
w
i
ll
tr
e
at
th
e
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
a
s
e
in
v
er
ter
p
o
w
er
ed
in
d
u
cti
v
e
lo
a
d
th
en
v
o
lta
g
e
i
n
v
er
ter
s
t
w
o
le
v
els a
n
d
t
h
r
ee
le
v
els p
o
w
er
ed
p
er
m
a
n
e
n
t
m
ag
n
et
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
m
ac
h
i
n
e,
as
w
el
l
as
w
e
w
i
ll
b
e
d
ev
o
ted
to
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ies
o
f
th
e
in
v
er
ter
,
th
e
SP
W
M
an
d
T
HI
R
P
W
M.
Fin
all
y
,
w
e
w
ill
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
a
n
d
s
i
m
u
late
th
e
P
W
M
alg
o
r
ith
m
ap
p
lied
to
in
v
er
ter
s
u
n
d
er
M
A
T
L
A
B
/Si
m
u
li
n
k
.
T
h
e
r
esu
l
ts
o
b
tain
ed
w
ill b
e
i
n
te
r
p
r
eted
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
.
2.
CO
NT
RO
L
ST
R
AT
E
G
I
E
S
I
NVE
RT
E
RS
2
.
1
.
Sin
e
pu
ls
e
w
idth
m
o
du
l
a
t
io
n (
SPW
M
)
SP
W
M
is
th
e
ea
s
iest
m
o
d
u
lat
i
o
n
m
et
h
o
d
to
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t.
I
t
is
also
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
l
i
m
ited
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
ac
h
iev
ab
le
v
o
lta
g
e
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e.
B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
u
la
tio
n
,
th
e
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
o
f
th
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tal
is
n
ec
es
s
ar
il
y
s
m
al
ler
th
an
t
h
e
a
m
p
li
tu
d
e
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
f
u
ll
w
av
e
co
n
tr
o
l
.
Fo
r
th
e
th
r
ee
-
p
h
a
s
e
v
o
lta
g
e
in
v
er
ter
,
th
e
SP
W
M
li
m
it
s
th
e
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
o
f
th
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
to
E
dc
/
2
=
5
0
.
0
%
E
dc
.
I
n
SP
W
M,
a
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
v
o
ltag
e
w
a
v
e
ca
lled
r
ef
er
en
ce
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
a
t
r
ian
g
u
lar
w
av
e
ca
lled
ca
r
r
ier
to
g
en
er
ate
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
i
g
n
als
o
f
th
e
i
n
v
e
r
te
r
s
w
itc
h
es.
[4
]
.
2
.
1
.
1
.
T
ria
ng
ulo
-
s
inu
s
o
i
da
l s
ing
le
-
ca
rr
ier
m
o
du
la
t
io
n
As
f
o
r
th
e
t
w
o
-
le
v
el
i
n
v
er
ter
s
,
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ig
n
al
s
o
f
th
e
s
witch
es
o
f
t
h
e
NP
C
i
n
v
er
ter
ar
e
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
i
n
ter
s
ec
t
io
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
t
h
r
ee
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
ig
n
als
o
f
f
s
et
f
r
o
m
ea
c
h
o
th
er
b
y
1
2
0
°,
o
f
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
f
r
an
d
a
m
p
l
itu
d
e
U
rm
,
w
it
h
a
tr
ian
g
u
lar
s
i
g
n
al
o
f
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
U
pm
a
n
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
f
p
,
m
u
c
h
g
r
e
ater
th
an
f
r
[
5
]
.
I
f
th
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
is
s
in
u
s
o
id
al,
w
e
d
ef
in
e
t
w
o
v
ar
iab
les:
-
T
h
e
m
o
d
u
la
tio
n
i
n
d
ex
d
ef
i
n
e
s
th
e
r
atio
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
f
p
a
n
d
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
f
r
=
⁄
.
-
T
h
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
r
ate
g
iv
es
th
e
r
atio
b
etw
ee
n
th
e
a
m
p
li
tu
d
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
u
lato
r
U
rm
an
d
th
at
o
f
th
e
ca
r
r
ier
U
pm
,
I
M=
U
rm
/U
pm
T
h
e
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
th
is
s
tr
ateg
y
Fig
u
r
e
1
ca
n
b
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
b
y
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
[
6
]
:
≥
⇒
2
(
)
=
1
2
(
)
=
0
.
U
r
:
R
ef
er
e
n
ce
v
o
lta
g
e
;U
p
:
C
ar
r
ier
Vo
ltag
e;S
2
(
t)
s
ig
n
al
g
en
er
ated
b
y
P
W
M
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
A
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l P
o
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er
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n
g
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Ha
r
mo
n
ic
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a
tio
n
b
y
S
P
WM
a
n
d
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M tec
h
n
iq
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es a
p
p
lied
in
.
.
.
(F
a
lil F
a
tima
)
161
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
(
a)
Mo
d
e
l S
P
W
M
te
ch
n
iq
u
e
u
n
d
er
Ma
tlab
(
b
)
Ur
a
n
d
U
p
,
(
c
)
s
ig
n
a
l g
e
n
er
ated
b
y
P
W
M
2
.
1
.
2
.
Resul
t
s
a
nd
di
s
cus
s
io
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
th
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
a
m
p
l
itu
d
e
as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
r
ate
in
a
lin
ea
r
w
a
y
an
d
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
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e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
V
an
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
t
h
er
e
ar
e
t
w
o
k
in
d
s
o
f
f
a
m
ilie
s
:
t
h
e
f
a
m
il
ies
'
ev
en
in
d
ice
s
an
d
o
d
d
in
d
ices
.
W
e
ca
n
s
ee
i
n
ad
d
itio
n
t
h
at
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
ar
e
g
r
o
u
p
ed
in
f
a
m
il
ie
s
ce
n
ter
ed
o
n
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies
o
f
o
d
d
m
u
ltip
le
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
.
We
co
n
clu
d
e
th
at
th
e
h
ig
h
er
m
o
d
u
latio
n
i
n
d
ex
h
as a
lo
w
er
T
HD
(
%).
(
a)
(
b
)
F
ig
u
re
2
.
(a
)
T
HD
a
c
c
o
rd
in
g
t
o
I
M
,
(b
)
Am
p
li
tu
d
e
o
f
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
a
c
c
o
rd
in
g
to
IM
.
F
o
r
tw
o
-
lev
e
l
in
v
e
rter
2
.
1
.
3
.
T
ria
ng
ula
r
-
s
inu
s
o
i
da
l t
w
o
-
ca
rr
ier
co
ntr
o
l o
f
t
he
inv
er
t
er
t
hree
lev
els
T
r
ian
g
u
lar
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
co
n
tr
o
l
t
w
o
ca
r
r
ier
s
u
s
e
th
e
f
ac
t
t
h
at
a
th
r
ee
-
le
v
el
i
n
v
er
ter
i
s
li
k
e
n
ed
to
th
e
s
er
ies
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
o
f
t
w
o
in
v
e
r
ter
s
at
tw
o
lev
el
s
.
I
t
u
s
es
t
w
o
tr
ian
g
u
lar
ca
r
r
ier
s
U
p1
,
U
p2
p
h
ase
s
h
i
f
ted
f
r
o
m
ea
ch
o
th
er
b
y
h
a
lf
o
f
th
e
p
er
io
d
T
p
Hash
.
T
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
th
i
s
s
tr
ate
g
y
co
m
e
s
d
o
w
n
to
th
e
f
o
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I
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8792
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(1
5
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.