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tr
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[
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9
]
.
Gasific
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as
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e
o
f
th
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[
1
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]
.
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I
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2252
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8
7
9
2
P
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a
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lysi
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f
p
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en
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tio
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eth
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[
21
-
25
]
.
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t
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27
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2.
M
AT
E
R
I
AL
A
ND
M
E
T
H
O
DS
A
s
im
u
latio
n
m
o
d
el
r
elie
d
o
n
eq
u
ilib
r
iu
m
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
d
ev
elo
p
ed
f
o
r
wo
o
d
a
n
d
wo
o
d
y
b
io
m
ass
es
(
W
&
W
B
)
g
asifica
tio
n
lin
k
ed
with
p
o
wer
g
en
e
r
atio
n
p
lan
t
b
y
e
m
p
lo
y
i
n
g
A
s
p
en
Plu
s
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
co
m
p
u
te
p
h
y
s
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
in
th
e
g
asifi
ca
tio
n
,
eq
u
atio
n
o
f
s
tate
o
f
PR
-
B
M,
Pe
n
g
e
R
o
b
in
s
o
n
-
B
o
s
to
n
-
Ma
th
ias
alp
h
a
is
ap
p
l
ied
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
f
o
r
m
o
d
elin
g
o
f
e
n
th
alp
y
an
d
d
en
s
ity
o
f
b
io
m
ass
an
d
ash
as
non
-
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
m
ater
ials
,
HC
OAL
GE
N
an
d
DC
OAL
I
GT
m
o
d
els
ar
e
u
s
ed
.
I
t
is
wo
r
th
to
s
ay
th
at
MCIN
C
PS
D
s
tr
ea
m
in
clu
d
es
3
s
tr
ea
m
s
o
f
MI
XE
D,
N
C
PS
D
&
C
I
PS
D
clas
s
es,
to
d
efin
e
th
e
b
io
m
ass
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
as
h
s
tr
ea
m
s
th
at
ar
e
n
o
t
i
n
Asp
en
Plu
s
d
atab
ase
[
1
2
,
28
-
33
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
flo
w
ch
ar
t
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
s
im
u
lated
in
A
s
p
en
Plu
s
.
T
h
e
f
ee
d
s
to
ck
s
tr
ea
m
h
as
b
ee
n
d
es
cr
ib
ed
as
a
n
o
n
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
m
ater
ial
a
n
d
it
was
d
ef
in
ed
b
y
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
elem
en
tal
an
d
p
r
o
x
im
ate
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
f
ee
d
s
to
ck
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
h
av
e
a
d
etailed
s
tu
d
y
,
2
8
W
&
W
B
wer
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
f
ee
d
s
to
ck
f
o
r
g
asifier
.
T
ab
le
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
p
r
o
x
i
m
ate
an
d
elem
en
tal
an
aly
s
es
o
f
all
th
ese
f
ee
d
s
to
ck
s
[
34
-
49
]
.
T
em
p
er
atu
r
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
d
r
y
in
g
is
ar
o
u
n
d
1
5
0
°C
to
r
ed
u
ce
m
o
is
tu
r
e
o
f
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
b
io
m
ass
to
less
th
an
5
wt
%.
T
h
is
s
tep
i
s
d
o
n
e
b
y
u
tili
zin
g
a
R
STOI
C
,
s
to
ic
h
io
m
etr
ic
r
ea
cto
r
in
Asp
en
Plu
s
.
R
STOI
C
m
o
d
u
le
is
p
r
ac
tical
f
o
r
ch
em
ical
r
ea
ctio
n
s
with
k
n
o
w
n
s
t
o
ich
io
m
etr
y
[
50
-
51
].
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Mo
d
u
les an
d
s
tr
ea
m
s
o
f
g
asifi
ca
tio
n
s
im
u
lated
in
Asp
en
Plu
s
At
th
e
n
ex
t
s
tag
e,
R
YI
E
L
D,
th
e
y
ield
r
ea
cto
r
is
s
im
u
lated
f
o
r
f
ee
d
p
y
r
o
ly
s
is
.
I
n
th
is
p
ar
t,
th
e
s
tu
d
ied
b
io
m
ass
is
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
to
v
o
l
atile
m
ater
ials
(
VM
)
an
d
c
h
ar
.
VM
in
clu
d
es
m
ain
ly
ca
r
b
o
n
,
h
y
d
r
o
g
en
,
o
x
y
g
en
an
d
n
itro
g
e
n
.
C
h
ar
also
in
cl
u
d
es
ash
a
n
d
ca
r
b
o
n
[
1
2
,
5
2
-
56
]
.
Af
ter
p
y
r
o
ly
s
is
,
R
Gib
b
s
is
ap
p
lied
f
o
r
s
im
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
b
io
m
ass
g
a
s
if
icatio
n
.
T
h
is
r
ea
ct
o
r
c
o
m
p
u
tes
th
e
s
y
n
g
as
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
b
y
m
i
n
im
izin
g
th
e
Gib
b
s
f
r
ee
en
er
g
y
b
ased
o
n
c
o
m
p
lete
ch
em
ical
eq
u
ilib
r
iu
m
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
[
5
7
-
61]
.
I
n
p
u
t
s
tr
ea
m
s
to
th
e
R
Gib
b
s
ar
e
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
ed
b
io
m
ass
an
d
air
th
en
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
an
d
r
ed
u
ctio
n
r
ea
ctio
n
s
will
b
e
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
in
s
id
e
o
f
th
e
r
ea
cto
r
.
Fo
r
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
lev
el,
an
o
th
er
R
Gib
b
s
r
ea
cto
r
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
s
im
u
lated
with
m
in
im
u
m
air
m
ix
in
g
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
will
b
e
also
b
ased
o
n
m
in
im
izatio
n
o
f
Gib
b
s
f
r
ee
en
er
g
y
.
T
o
g
en
er
ate
p
o
w
er
,
th
e
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
ch
am
b
er
h
as
to
b
e
co
n
n
ec
te
d
with
a
g
as
tu
r
b
in
e
[
62
-
66
]
.
T
h
e
th
er
m
al
co
n
ten
t
o
f
th
e
f
l
u
e
g
as,
ac
h
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e
d
as
th
e
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
h
ea
t
is
r
ec
o
v
e
r
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to
p
r
e
h
ea
t
th
e
in
p
u
t
air
to
t
h
e
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
ch
am
b
er
as
well
a
s
to
s
u
p
p
l
y
th
e
h
ea
t
r
eq
u
ir
ed
in
d
r
y
er
.
T
h
e
r
ec
o
v
er
ed
h
ea
t
ca
n
b
e
also
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
c
o
n
v
e
r
tio
n
o
f
wate
r
to
h
ig
h
p
r
ess
u
r
e
s
team
to
b
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J
Ap
p
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10
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r
ch
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1
:
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–
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ab
le
g
en
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ates
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a
p
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b
y
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team
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r
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g
a
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team
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e
[
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,
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1
]
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th
is
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ar
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n
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id
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th
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u
r
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t
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r
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al
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f
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b
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en
it is
co
n
s
u
m
ed
w
h
er
ev
er
r
eq
u
i
r
ed
.
T
ab
le
1
.
E
lem
e
n
tal
an
d
p
r
o
x
im
ate
an
aly
s
is
o
f
2
8
w
o
o
d
a
n
d
wo
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b
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m
ass
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2
0
-
3
5
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P
r
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ma
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w
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El
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P
i
n
e
p
r
u
n
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n
g
4
7
,
4
8
2
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5
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4
9
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6
5
0
19
P
i
n
e
saw
d
u
s
t
1
5
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3
8
3
,
1
1
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8
0
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9
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8
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20
P
o
p
l
a
r
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5
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8
2
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21
P
o
p
l
a
r
b
a
r
k
8
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8
0
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3
1
7
,
5
2
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5
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2
9
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4
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9
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8
22
S
a
w
d
u
st
3
4
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9
8
4
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1
4
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3
1
,
1
4
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0
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5
0
23
S
p
r
u
c
e
b
a
r
k
8
,
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,
4
2
3
,
4
3
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8
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2
6
,
0
0
1
6
0
,
0
9
6
8
0
,
0
9
6
8
24
S
p
r
u
c
e
w
o
o
d
6
,
7
8
1
,
2
1
8
,
3
0
,
5
5
2
,
0
3
8
5
4
0
,
9
9
4
6
,
0
6
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2
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5
25
Ta
mara
c
k
b
a
r
k
8
,
4
6
9
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2
6
,
3
4
,
2
5
4
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26
W
i
l
l
o
w
1
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1
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0
9
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4
27
W
o
o
d
7
,
8
8
4
,
1
1
5
,
7
0
,
2
4
9
,
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1
1
8
6
,
0
8
7
8
0
,
0
9
9
8
0
,
0
9
9
8
28
W
o
o
d
r
e
si
d
u
e
2
6
,
4
78
1
6
,
6
5
,
4
4
8
,
6
2
4
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6
3
7
4
5
,
7
7
0
6
0
,
4
7
3
0
,
0
9
4
6
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
m
o
d
el
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
th
e
2
8
W
&
W
B
alter
n
ativ
es,
r
an
k
ed
r
eg
ar
d
i
n
g
th
eir
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
to
o
u
tp
u
t
n
et
p
o
wer
(
n
e
t
g
a
s
t
u
r
b
i
n
e
c
o
m
p
r
e
s
s
o
r
W
W
W
=−
)
f
o
r
1
to
n
f
ee
d
s
to
ck
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
is
o
r
d
er
in
g
is
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
n
et
p
o
wer
th
a
t
it
is
b
etwe
en
th
e
in
te
r
v
al
[
0
-
4
0
0
k
W
/to
n
]
,
v
al
u
es
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
in
g
th
e
l
o
west
an
d
th
e
h
ig
h
est
ef
f
icien
t
o
p
tio
n
s
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
C
lass
1
in
clu
d
es
5
wo
o
d
an
d
wo
o
d
y
b
io
m
ass
g
asifica
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
b
ased
o
n
L
an
d
clea
r
i
n
g
wo
o
d
,
Fir
m
ill
r
esid
u
e,
Fo
r
est
r
esi
d
u
e,
E
u
ca
ly
p
tu
s
b
ar
k
an
d
Ald
er
-
f
ir
s
awd
u
s
t
th
at
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
e
lo
west
am
o
u
n
ts
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
wer
(
it
is
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
0
-
1
0
0
k
W
/to
n
)
.
M
an
y
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
ied
W
&
W
B
g
asifica
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
lo
ca
ted
in
class
2
w
h
ich
t
h
eir
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
wer
is
in
s
p
an
o
f
1
0
0
-
2
0
0
k
W
p
er
o
n
e
to
n
e
o
f
f
ee
d
s
to
ck
.
C
lass
3
co
n
tain
s
7
wo
o
d
an
d
wo
o
d
y
b
io
m
ass
g
asifica
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
r
elied
o
n
Sp
r
u
ce
wo
o
d
,
Pin
e
b
ar
k
,
Sp
r
u
ce
b
ar
k
,
B
alsam
b
ar
k
,
Hem
lo
ck
b
a
r
k
,
Po
p
lar
b
a
r
k
an
d
B
ir
ch
b
a
r
k
wh
ich
g
e
n
er
ate
r
elativ
ely
h
ig
h
e
r
n
et
p
o
wer
.
Ob
v
io
u
s
ly
,
th
e
g
asifica
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
T
a
m
ar
ac
k
b
ar
k
b
i
o
m
ass
s
ig
n
ifican
tly
o
u
tr
an
k
s
all
o
th
er
s
y
s
tem
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
v
iewp
o
in
t
o
f
p
o
wer
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
(
3
6
3
k
W
/to
n
)
,
o
win
g
to
th
e
f
av
o
r
a
b
le
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
in
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
aly
s
is
.
T
h
is
is
m
ain
ly
d
u
e
to
T
a
m
ar
a
ck
b
ar
k
h
as
t
h
e
h
ig
h
est
p
e
r
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
ca
r
b
o
n
an
d
h
y
d
r
o
g
en
,
s
ee
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Per
c
en
tag
e
s
h
ar
es
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
ar
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
f
ca
r
b
o
n
an
d
h
y
d
r
o
g
e
n
,
o
x
y
g
e
n
,
ash
a
n
d
n
itro
g
e
n
an
d
s
u
lp
h
u
r
i
n
elem
en
tal
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
ea
ch
f
ee
d
s
to
ck
.
C
ar
b
o
n
an
d
h
y
d
r
o
g
en
a
r
e
k
e
y
elem
en
ts
in
ea
ch
b
io
m
ass
.
So
th
at
th
e
h
ig
h
er
C
an
d
H
2
co
n
te
n
t,
th
e
m
o
r
e
ca
r
b
o
n
m
o
n
o
x
id
e
an
d
h
y
d
r
o
g
e
n
will
b
e
in
th
e
s
y
n
g
as
an
d
also
lead
s
to
th
e
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
o
f
h
ea
tin
g
v
alu
e
(
L
HV)
o
f
s
y
n
g
a
s
.
C
O
an
d
H
2
ar
e
co
m
b
u
s
tib
le
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
s
wh
ic
h
ar
e
co
n
v
er
ted
to
f
l
u
e
g
as
(
m
ain
ly
C
O
2
an
d
H
2
O)
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
ch
am
b
er
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
L
HV
o
f
s
y
n
g
as
lead
s
to
en
ter
g
ases
at
h
ig
h
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
t
o
th
e
g
as
tu
r
b
in
e.
R
aisi
n
g
th
e
tu
r
b
in
e
in
let
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
am
elio
r
ates
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
wer
f
r
o
m
th
at
as
well
as
m
o
r
e
n
et
p
o
wer
will
b
e
r
esu
lted
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f
p
o
w
er g
en
era
tio
n
b
y
w
o
o
d
a
n
d
w
o
o
d
y
b
io
ma
s
s
g
a
s
ifica
tio
n
…
(
S
a
h
a
r
S
a
fa
r
ia
n
)
83
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Net
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
wer
f
r
o
m
2
8
W
&
W
B
g
asifica
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
b
ased
o
n
1
t
o
n
f
ee
d
s
to
ck
(
g
asifier
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
9
0
0
˚
C
an
d
air
to
f
u
el
r
atio
2
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Per
ce
n
ta
g
e
s
h
ar
es o
f
co
m
p
o
s
in
g
elem
en
ts
f
o
r
d
if
f
e
r
en
t W&
W
B
s
T
h
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
g
asifier
o
n
p
o
wer
g
e
n
er
ated
f
r
o
m
th
e
2
8
wo
o
d
a
n
d
wo
o
d
y
b
io
m
ass
g
asifica
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
,
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
s
en
s
itiv
ity
r
esu
lts
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
ar
e
all
at
f
ix
ed
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
1
-
to
n
b
io
m
ass
in
p
u
t,
air
to
f
u
el
r
atio
(
AFR
)
o
f
2
an
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
g
asifier
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
6
0
0
-
1
5
0
0
˚
C
.
Ob
v
io
u
s
ly
f
o
r
all
s
tu
d
ied
W
&
W
B
s
,
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
wer
f
r
o
m
ea
ch
s
y
s
tem
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
b
y
g
r
o
wi
n
g
tem
p
er
atu
r
e.
At
lo
w
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
(
6
0
0
˚
C
)
,
th
e
p
r
esen
t
ca
r
b
o
n
in
th
e
f
ee
d
s
to
ck
is
n
o
t
co
m
p
letely
o
x
id
iz
ed
,
s
o
th
e
s
y
n
g
as
p
r
o
d
u
ct
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
in
a
n
ac
ce
p
tab
le
q
u
an
tity
.
I
n
f
ac
t,
at
lo
w
tem
p
er
atu
r
e,
C
H
4
an
d
u
n
b
u
r
n
ed
ca
r
b
o
n
will
s
tay
in
s
y
n
g
as
th
en
b
y
g
r
o
win
g
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
m
u
ch
m
o
r
e
ca
r
b
o
n
is
co
m
b
u
s
te
d
a
n
d
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
d
to
C
O
r
elied
o
n
p
ar
tial
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
r
ea
ctio
n
.
C
H
4
is
also
co
n
v
er
ted
in
to
H
2
b
y
r
ev
er
s
e
m
et
h
an
a
tio
n
r
ea
ctio
n
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
wate
r
g
as
r
ea
ctio
n
(
W
G)
m
o
v
es
to
war
d
C
O
an
d
H
2
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
at
h
ig
h
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e.
So
,
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
g
asifie
r
is
s
o
p
r
o
p
er
f
o
r
H
2
an
d
C
O
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
w
h
ich
ca
u
s
es
to
th
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
o
f
l
o
wer
h
ea
tin
g
v
alu
e
(
L
HV)
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
ct
g
as.
T
h
en
,
m
o
d
if
ied
L
HV
o
f
s
y
n
g
as
m
ak
es
h
ig
h
er
q
u
ality
g
ases
en
ter
in
g
to
th
e
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
ch
am
b
er
as
well
as
h
ig
h
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
g
ass
es
en
ter
in
g
to
t
h
e
g
as
tu
r
b
in
e
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tly
,
g
r
o
win
g
T
I
T
,
tu
r
b
in
e
in
let
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
in
c
r
ea
s
es
p
o
wer
o
u
tp
u
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
Ho
wev
er
,
at
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
tem
p
er
atu
r
e,
y
ield
o
f
H
2
an
d
C
O
ar
e
s
atis
f
ied
,
b
o
th
r
ea
ch
to
an
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
f
ix
e
d
r
ates
th
at
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tim
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e.
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h
e
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t
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e
d
o
wn
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r
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t
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asifier
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o
r
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&
W
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th
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r
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g
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f
9
0
0
-
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0
0
0
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C
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2252
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8
7
9
2
I
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Vo
l.
10
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Fig
u
r
e
4
.
I
m
p
ac
t o
f
tem
p
er
at
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e
o
f
g
asifier
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n
p
o
wer
f
o
r
2
8
W
&
W
B
s
C
h
an
g
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in
th
e
air
v
alu
es
u
s
ed
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
h
a
v
e
a
c
r
itical
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
q
u
ality
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d
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
g
as
an
d
f
o
llo
win
g
th
e
g
en
er
ate
d
p
o
wer
.
T
h
e
am
o
n
t
o
f
air
ar
r
iv
in
g
th
e
g
asifier
ca
n
b
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
air
to
f
u
el
r
atio
(
AFR
)
,
wh
ich
is
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
air
n
ee
d
e
d
to
b
u
r
n
a
u
n
it
o
f
d
r
y
b
io
m
ass
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
AFR
o
n
p
o
wer
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
f
o
r
th
e
g
asifica
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
2
8
w
o
o
d
a
n
d
wo
o
d
y
b
io
m
ass
es,
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
I
n
th
is
a
s
s
es
s
m
en
t,
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ar
e
f
ix
e
d
o
n
g
asifier
te
m
p
r
etar
e
o
f
9
0
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d
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n
f
r
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m
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ch
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d
s
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k
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
u
m
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f
o
r
W
&
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B
g
as
if
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b
etwe
en
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,
8
-
2
.
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,
b
io
m
ass
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ea
ctio
n
s
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ap
p
r
o
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h
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e
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r
r
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g
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er
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m
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ch
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n
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e
ad
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en
is
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cted
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at
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s
ed
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ce
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s
y
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g
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r
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e
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Fig
u
r
e
5
.
E
f
f
ec
t o
f
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n
o
u
tp
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t p
o
wer
f
o
r
2
8
W
&
WBs
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
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8
7
9
2
P
erfo
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ma
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lysi
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er g
en
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a
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ifica
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r
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85
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
An
in
teg
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ated
g
asifica
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latio
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d
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is
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ev
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e
d
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les
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m
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els
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r
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iv
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ally
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o
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ass
.
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h
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e
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tu
r
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h
e
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ed
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o
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ilib
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2
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d
wo
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y
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io
m
ass
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h
e
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tu
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ied
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l
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r
ac
tical
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p
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o
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m
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ts
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ch
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et
p
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a
v
a
r
iety
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atin
g
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n
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lik
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air
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lo
w
r
ate
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d
tem
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e
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atu
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an
d
f
o
r
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if
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e
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en
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k
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d
s
o
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ass
m
ater
ials
with
a
s
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ec
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ied
u
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r
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ate
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aly
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is
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h
e
ex
tab
lis
h
ed
s
im
u
latio
n
m
o
d
el
ca
n
b
e
a
h
elp
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l
to
o
l
f
o
r
p
r
in
cip
ally
ev
al
u
atio
n
,
ass
ess
m
en
t,
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
d
o
wn
d
r
af
t
b
io
m
ass
g
asifier
s
.
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r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
m
o
d
el
ca
n
b
e
em
p
l
o
y
ed
as
an
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
alter
n
ativ
es
a
t
an
ea
r
ly
s
tag
e
to
allo
w
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
er
s
t
o
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t e
f
f
icien
t
o
r
ien
ted
d
e
cisi
o
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
m
o
d
el
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
th
e
2
8
W
&
W
B
alter
n
ativ
e
s
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
n
et
p
o
wer
p
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u
ce
d
f
r
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m
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ee
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s
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ck
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ter
in
g
to
th
e
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n
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y
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tem
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b
etwe
en
th
e
in
ter
v
al
[
0
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4
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0
k
W
/to
n
]
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d
am
o
n
g
th
em
,
g
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n
s
y
s
tem
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
T
am
a
r
ac
k
b
a
r
k
b
io
m
a
s
s
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ig
n
ifican
tly
o
u
tr
an
k
s
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er
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/to
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e
f
a
v
o
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b
t
ain
ed
in
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
a
ly
s
is
.
At
th
e
en
d
,
a
s
en
s
itiv
ity
an
aly
s
is
was
d
ir
ec
ted
to
e
v
alu
ate
t
h
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
g
asifi
er
,
a
n
d
AFR
o
n
o
u
t
p
u
t
p
o
wer
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
f
r
o
m
ea
ch
s
y
s
tem
.
E
x
ten
tio
n
o
f
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
m
o
d
if
ies
th
e
g
asifi
er
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
it g
r
o
ws
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
b
o
th
C
O
an
d
H
2
th
at
ca
u
s
es
to
h
ig
h
e
r
p
o
wer
o
n
o
u
tp
u
t.
W
h
ile,
g
r
o
win
g
AFR
r
ed
u
ce
s
C
O
an
d
H
2
p
r
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d
u
ctio
n
wh
ich
m
ak
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d
eg
r
ad
i
n
g
o
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s
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tem
p
er
f
o
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m
a
n
ce
.
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NO
WL
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S
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h
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er
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ar
t
o
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r
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c
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g
r
a
n
t n
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m
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er
is
1
9
6
4
5
8
-
0
5
1
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
S
.
S
a
fa
rian
,
P
.
Kh
o
d
a
p
a
ra
st,
a
n
d
M
.
Ka
teb
,
"
M
o
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li
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g
a
n
d
tec
h
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iza
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tri
c
it
y
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p
p
l
y
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e
two
rk
b
y
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re
e
p
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o
to
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l
taic
sy
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m
s,"
J
o
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rn
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o
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o
l
a
r E
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rg
y
E
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g
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l.
1
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o
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2
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p
.
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4
.
[2
]
S
.
S
a
fa
rian
,
R.
U
n
n
t
h
o
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o
n
,
a
n
d
C
.
R
ich
ter,
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Tec
h
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ly
sis
o
f
p
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m
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a
sifica
ti
o
n
,
"
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r a
n
d
E
n
e
rg
y
En
g
i
n
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e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
0
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,
p
p
.
1
-
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,
2
0
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0
.
\
[3
]
S
.
Be
g
u
m
,
M
.
Ra
su
l
,
a
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d
D.
Ak
b
a
r,
"
A
n
u
m
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rica
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a
ti
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sifica
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sp
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s,
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g
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9
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p
.
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.
[4
]
S
.
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rian
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S
a
tt
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ri,
a
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Z.
Ha
m
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h
,
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S
u
sta
in
a
b
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li
ty
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n
t
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l
su
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ly
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in
fr
o
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s
b
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ss
e
s a
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c
o
n
v
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rsio
n
tec
h
n
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o
g
ies
,
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Bi
o
Ph
y
sic
a
l
Eco
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s a
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d
Res
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rc
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Qu
a
l
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o
l.
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o
.
6
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8
.
[5
]
S
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rian
,
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S
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Un
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t
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m
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h
,
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P
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r
it
iza
ti
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f
Bio
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a
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o
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P
ro
d
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c
ti
o
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m
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Ag
ricu
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Was
te
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Bio
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Qu
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v
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l.
4
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4
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2
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9
.
[6
]
J.
S
p
e
irs,
C.
M
c
G
lad
e
,
a
n
d
R.
S
lad
e
,
"
Un
c
e
rtain
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n
th
e
a
v
a
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a
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y
o
f
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tu
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re
so
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s:
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o
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fu
e
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c
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e
tals a
n
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m
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,
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En
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P
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c
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l.
8
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p
.
6
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ter,
"
Tec
h
n
o
-
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
a
n
d
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
a
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
o
f
p
o
we
r
s
u
p
p
ly
c
h
a
in
b
y
u
si
n
g
wa
ste
b
i
o
m
a
ss
g
a
sifica
ti
o
n
in
Ic
e
lan
d
,
"
Bi
o
Ph
y
si
c
a
l
Eco
n
o
mic
s
a
n
d
S
u
st
a
in
a
b
i
li
t
y
,
v
o
l.
5
,
p
p
.
7
,
2
0
2
0
.
[2
8
]
S
.
S
a
fa
rian
,
R.
Un
n
t
h
o
rss
o
n
,
a
n
d
C.
Rich
ter,
"
S
imu
lati
o
n
a
n
d
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
in
teg
ra
te
d
g
a
sifica
ti
o
n
–
sy
n
g
a
s ferm
e
n
tatio
n
p
lan
t
f
o
r
l
ig
n
o
c
e
ll
u
lo
sic
e
t
h
a
n
o
l
p
r
o
d
u
c
ti
o
n
,
"
F
e
rm
e
n
ta
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
6
8
,
2
0
2
0
.
[2
9
]
K.
S
u
n
,
"
O
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
o
f
b
i
o
m
a
ss
g
a
sifica
ti
o
n
re
a
c
to
r
u
si
n
g
As
p
e
n
P
lu
s,"
Hø
g
sk
o
len
i
T
e
lem
a
rk
,
2
0
1
5
.
[3
0
]
M
.
B.
Ni
k
o
o
a
n
d
N.
M
a
h
in
p
e
y
,
"
S
imu
latio
n
o
f
b
io
m
a
ss
g
a
sifica
ti
o
n
i
n
fl
u
id
ize
d
b
e
d
re
a
c
to
r
u
si
n
g
ASP
EN
P
LUS
,
"
Bi
o
ma
ss
a
n
d
b
i
o
e
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
3
2
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
1
2
4
5
-
1
2
5
4
,
2
0
0
8
.
[3
1
]
M
.
S
.
Ei
k
e
lan
d
,
R.
K.
T
h
a
p
a
,
a
n
d
B.
Ha
lv
o
rs
e
n
,
"
As
p
e
n
p
l
u
s
sim
u
latio
n
o
f
b
io
m
a
ss
g
a
sifica
ti
o
n
with
k
n
o
wn
re
a
c
ti
o
n
k
i
n
e
ti
c
,
"
C
o
n
f.
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
5
6
th
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
S
i
mu
la
ti
o
n
a
n
d
M
o
d
e
ll
in
g
,
Oc
t.
2
0
1
5
,
p
p
.
7
-
9.
[3
2
]
P
.
Ka
u
sh
a
l
a
n
d
R.
T
y
a
g
i,
"
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
d
sim
u
lati
o
n
o
f
b
io
m
a
ss
g
a
sif
ic
a
ti
o
n
in
a
fl
u
id
ize
d
b
e
d
re
a
c
to
r
u
si
n
g
ASP
EN
P
LUS
,
"
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e
wa
b
le en
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
1
0
1
,
p
p
.
6
2
9
-
6
3
6
,
2
0
1
7
.
[3
3
]
N.
Ra
m
z
a
n
,
A.
As
h
ra
f,
S
.
Na
v
e
e
d
,
a
n
d
A.
M
a
li
k
,
"
S
imu
latio
n
o
f
h
y
b
rid
b
io
m
a
ss
g
a
sifica
ti
o
n
u
si
n
g
As
p
e
n
p
lu
s:
A
c
o
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
a
n
a
ly
si
s
fo
r
fo
o
d
,
m
u
n
i
c
ip
a
l
so
l
id
a
n
d
p
o
u
lt
r
y
wa
ste
,
"
Bi
o
m
a
ss
a
n
d
b
i
o
e
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
3
5
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
3
9
6
2
-
3
9
6
9
,
2
0
1
1
.
[3
4
]
S
.
V.
Va
ss
il
e
v
,
D.
Ba
x
ter,
L.
K
.
An
d
e
rse
n
,
a
n
d
C.
G
.
Va
ss
il
e
v
a
,
"
An
o
v
e
rv
iew
o
f
t
h
e
c
h
e
m
ica
l
c
o
m
p
o
siti
o
n
o
f
b
io
m
a
ss
,
"
F
u
e
l,
v
o
l.
8
9
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
9
1
3
-
9
3
3
,
2
0
1
0
.
[3
5
]
T.
M
i
les
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Al
k
a
li
d
e
p
o
sits
fo
u
n
d
i
n
b
io
m
a
ss
p
o
we
r
p
lan
ts:
A
p
re
li
m
i
n
a
ry
in
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
ir
e
x
te
n
t
a
n
d
n
a
tu
re
,
"
UN
T
Dig
i
ta
l
L
ib
r
a
ry
,
1
9
9
5
.
[3
6
]
R.
W.
Br
y
e
rs,
"
F
ires
id
e
sla
g
g
in
g
,
fo
u
l
in
g
,
a
n
d
h
ig
h
-
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
c
o
rro
sio
n
o
f
h
e
a
t
-
tran
sfe
r
su
rfa
c
e
d
u
e
to
imp
u
ri
ti
e
s
in
ste
a
m
-
ra
isin
g
f
u
e
ls,"
Pr
o
g
re
ss
in
e
n
e
rg
y
a
n
d
c
o
mb
u
stio
n
sc
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l.
2
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
9
-
1
2
0
,
1
9
9
6
.
[3
7
]
M
.
Th
e
is,
B.
-
J.
S
k
rif
v
a
rs,
M
.
H
u
p
a
,
a
n
d
H.
Tran
,
"
F
o
u
li
n
g
ten
d
e
n
c
y
o
f
a
sh
re
su
lt
i
n
g
fr
o
m
b
u
rn
i
n
g
m
i
x
tu
re
s
o
f
b
io
f
u
e
ls.
P
a
rt
1
:
De
p
o
siti
o
n
ra
tes
,
"
Fu
e
l,
v
o
l.
8
5
,
n
o
.
7
-
8,
p
p
.
1
1
2
5
-
1
1
3
0
,
2
0
0
6
.
[3
8
]
M
.
Th
e
is,
B.
-
J
.
S
k
r
ifv
a
rs,
M
.
Zev
e
n
h
o
v
e
n
,
M
.
Hu
p
a
,
a
n
d
H.
Tran
,
"
F
o
u
li
n
g
ten
d
e
n
c
y
o
f
a
sh
re
su
lt
i
n
g
fro
m
b
u
rn
i
n
g
m
ix
tu
re
s o
f
b
i
o
fu
e
ls.
P
a
rt
2
:
De
p
o
sit
c
h
e
m
istry
,
"
Fu
e
l,
v
o
l.
8
5
,
n
o
.
1
4
-
1
5
,
p
p
.
1
9
9
2
-
2
0
0
1
,
2
0
0
6
.
[3
9
]
M
.
Zev
e
n
h
o
v
e
n
-
On
d
e
rwa
ter,
R.
Ba
c
k
m
a
n
,
B.
-
J.
S
k
rif
v
a
rs,
a
n
d
M
.
Hu
p
a
,
"
Th
e
a
sh
c
h
e
m
istry
i
n
flu
i
d
ise
d
b
e
d
g
a
sifica
ti
o
n
o
f
b
io
m
a
ss
fu
e
ls.
P
a
rt
I:
p
re
d
ic
ti
n
g
th
e
c
h
e
m
istry
o
f
m
e
lt
in
g
a
sh
e
s
a
n
d
a
sh
–
b
e
d
m
a
teria
l
in
tera
c
ti
o
n
,
"
Fu
e
l,
v
o
l.
8
0
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
1
4
8
9
-
1
5
0
2
,
2
0
0
1
.
[4
0
]
M
.
Zev
e
n
h
o
v
e
n
-
On
d
e
rwa
ter,
J.
-
P
.
Blo
m
q
u
ist,
B.
-
J.
S
k
rifv
a
rs,
R
.
Ba
c
k
m
a
n
,
a
n
d
M
.
Hu
p
a
,
"
Th
e
p
re
d
ictio
n
o
f
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
u
r
o
f
a
sh
e
s
fr
o
m
fiv
e
d
if
fe
re
n
t
so
li
d
fu
e
ls
in
f
lu
i
d
ise
d
b
e
d
c
o
m
b
u
stio
n
,
"
Fu
e
l
,
v
o
l.
7
9
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
1
3
5
3
-
1
3
6
1
,
2
0
0
0
.
[4
1
]
A.
De
m
irb
a
s,
"
Co
m
b
u
stio
n
c
h
a
ra
c
teristics
o
f
d
iffere
n
t
b
i
o
m
a
ss
fu
e
ls,"
Pro
g
re
ss
in
e
n
e
rg
y
a
n
d
c
o
mb
u
stio
n
sc
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l.
3
0
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
1
9
-
2
3
0
,
2
0
0
4
.
[4
2
]
D.
Va
m
v
u
k
a
a
n
d
D.
Zo
g
ra
fo
s,
"
P
re
d
ictin
g
th
e
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
u
r
o
f
a
sh
fro
m
a
g
ricu
lt
u
ra
l
wa
ste
s
d
u
ri
n
g
c
o
m
b
u
sti
o
n
,
"
F
u
e
l
,
v
o
l.
8
3
,
n
o
.
1
4
-
1
5
,
p
p
.
2
0
5
1
-
2
0
5
7
,
2
0
0
4
.
[4
3
]
D.
Va
m
v
u
k
a
,
D.
Zo
g
ra
fo
s,
a
n
d
G
.
Ale
v
izo
s,
"
Co
n
tro
l
m
e
th
o
d
s
fo
r
m
it
ig
a
ti
n
g
b
io
m
a
ss
a
sh
-
re
late
d
p
ro
b
lem
s
in
flu
id
ize
d
b
e
d
s,
"
Bi
o
re
so
u
rc
e
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l.
9
9
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
3
5
3
4
-
3
5
4
4
,
2
0
0
8
.
[4
4
]
A.
M
o
il
a
n
e
n
,
"
Th
e
rm
o
g
ra
v
ime
tri
c
c
h
a
ra
c
terisa
ti
o
n
s
o
f
b
i
o
m
a
ss
a
n
d
wa
ste
fo
r
g
a
sifica
ti
o
n
p
r
o
c
e
ss
e
s,"
e
d
:
VTT,
2
0
0
6
.
[4
5
]
A.
T.
M
a
siá
,
B.
Bu
h
re
,
R.
G
u
p
ta,
a
n
d
T.
Wall
,
"
C
h
a
ra
c
terisin
g
a
sh
o
f
b
i
o
m
a
ss
a
n
d
wa
ste
,
"
F
u
e
l
Pro
c
e
ss
in
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l.
8
8
,
n
o
.
1
1
-
1
2
,
p
p
.
1
0
7
1
-
1
0
8
1
,
2
0
0
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N:
2252
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o
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er g
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87
[4
6
]
M
.
Lap
u
e
rta,
J.
J.
He
rn
á
n
d
e
z
,
A.
P
a
z
o
,
a
n
d
J.
Ló
p
e
z
,
"
G
a
sifica
ti
o
n
a
n
d
c
o
-
g
a
sifica
ti
o
n
o
f
b
i
o
m
a
ss
wa
ste
s:
Eff
e
c
t
o
f
th
e
b
i
o
m
a
ss
o
rig
i
n
a
n
d
th
e
g
a
sifi
e
r
o
p
e
ra
ti
n
g
c
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
s,
"
F
u
e
l
p
r
o
c
e
ss
in
g
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l.
8
9
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
8
2
8
-
8
3
7
,
2
0
0
8
.
[4
7
]
D.
A.
Ti
ll
m
a
n
,
"
Bi
o
m
a
ss
c
o
firi
n
g
:
t
h
e
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
t
h
e
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
,
th
e
c
o
m
b
u
stio
n
c
o
n
se
q
u
e
n
c
e
s,"
Bi
o
ma
ss
a
n
d
b
io
e
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
1
9
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
3
6
5
-
3
8
4
,
2
0
0
0
.
[4
8
]
A.
De
m
irb
a
s,
"
P
o
ten
ti
a
l
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
o
f
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
so
u
rc
e
s,
b
io
m
a
ss
c
o
m
b
u
stio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
s
in
b
o
i
ler
p
o
we
r
sy
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.
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.
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[5
2
]
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Ha
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,
"
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3
]
A.
J.
Ke
c
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P
.
R.
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n
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.
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[5
4
]
M
.
F
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rn
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l
.
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[5
5
]
C.
P
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.
[5
6
]
J.
F
.
P
e
ters
,
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t
a
l.
,
"
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k
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[5
7
]
M
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.
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[5
8
]
R.
Li
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Tsiav
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,
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.
Xu
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.
[5
9
]
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.
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0
]
R.
E.
M
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h
i,
Y.
A.
C.
Ja
n
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,
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T
.
Kiv
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d
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Kim
,
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p
p
.
1
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0
.
[6
1
]
D.
Ha
n
to
k
o
,
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.
Ya
n
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.
P
ra
b
o
w
o
,
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p
p
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[6
2
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3
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A.
D
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s,
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teristics
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[6
4
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A.
De
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5
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88
88
Run
a
r
Unn
th
o
r
ss
o
n
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
S
c
.
,
M
.
S
c
.
,
a
n
d
P
h
.
D.
De
g
re
e
s
in
M
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
I
c
e
lan
d
.
No
w
h
e
is
He
a
d
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
F
a
c
u
lt
y
a
n
d
He
a
d
o
f
Bio
m
a
ss
G
a
sific
a
ti
o
n
g
ro
u
p
in
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
I
n
d
u
strial,
M
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
a
t
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
Ic
e
lan
d
.
Are
a
s
o
f
e
x
p
e
rti
se
a
re
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
,
g
a
sifica
ti
o
n
in
te
g
ra
ted
p
o
we
r
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
e
n
e
rg
y
e
ff
icie
n
c
y
,
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
e
tc.
Christia
a
n
Ric
h
te
r
re
c
e
iv
e
d
B.
A.
in
M
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
s
a
n
d
B.
S
c
.
(Ho
n
s)
i
n
Ap
p
li
e
d
M
a
t
h
e
m
a
ti
c
s
a
n
d
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
t
Un
i
v
e
rsity
o
f
P
r
e
to
ria,
S
o
u
t
h
Afric
a
.
G
ra
d
u
a
ted
M
.
S
.
i
n
Ch
e
m
ica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
e
d
M
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
ics
fro
m
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
Ne
b
ra
sk
a
-
Li
n
c
o
ln
a
n
d
P
h
D
i
n
Ch
e
m
ica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
No
rt
h
e
a
ste
rn
Un
iv
e
rsity
.
C
u
re
n
tl
l
y
,
h
e
is
P
r
o
f
e
ss
o
r
in
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
I
n
d
u
strial
M
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
&
Co
m
p
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
t
U
n
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Ic
e
lan
d
.
Are
a
s
o
f
e
x
p
e
rti
se
a
r
e
e
lec
tro
-
c
a
taly
sis,
e
lec
tro
c
h
e
m
ica
l
sy
n
th
e
s
is,
b
i
o
m
a
ss
g
a
sifica
ti
o
n
,
sim
u
latio
n
a
n
d
e
tc.
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