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IS
SN
:
2252
-
8792
IJ
A
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Vo
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1
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1
8
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ti
m
izat
io
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
i
n
clu
d
i
n
g
m
eta
h
e
u
r
is
tic
m
eth
o
d
s
[
3
]
,
[
12
]
,
[
13
]
.
T
h
e
m
a
in
f
o
c
u
s
o
f
th
e
e
x
iti
n
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
is
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
co
m
p
u
ta
tio
n
al
s
p
ee
d
an
d
s
o
l
u
tio
n
q
u
ali
t
y
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
i
n
r
ec
e
n
t
ti
m
e
s
,
p
r
o
m
i
n
en
t
m
et
h
o
d
s
f
ail
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
co
m
p
u
ta
tio
n
al
d
i
f
f
icu
lt
y
th
a
t
ar
is
es
as
a
r
es
u
lt
o
f
lo
w
v
alu
e
s
o
f
n
e
t
lo
ad
s
,
r
esu
lti
n
g
f
r
o
m
h
i
g
h
R
E
S
p
en
etr
atio
n
le
v
els
[
14
]
.
On
t
h
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
r
ec
en
t
liter
atu
r
e
i
n
d
icate
s
t
h
a
t
p
r
io
r
it
y
l
is
t
(
P
L
)
co
u
ld
b
e
in
v
es
tig
a
ted
f
u
r
th
er
d
u
e
to
its
ab
ilit
y
to
g
i
v
e
a
n
ea
r
-
o
p
ti
m
al
s
o
lu
tio
n
in
a
r
ed
u
ce
d
co
m
p
u
tat
io
n
al
ti
m
e
[
15
]
.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
h
a
s
u
n
d
er
g
o
n
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
en
ts
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
t
h
e
P
L
m
et
h
o
d
h
a
s
b
ee
n
ad
ap
ted
in
t
h
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
it
h
E
SS
[
16
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
an
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
P
L
an
d
an
A
u
g
m
en
ted
Ho
p
f
ield
L
ag
r
an
g
e
(
AH
L
)
n
eu
r
a
l
n
et
w
o
r
k
w
as
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
[
17
]
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
an
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
p
r
e
-
p
r
ep
ar
e
d
p
o
w
er
d
em
an
d
w
as
co
m
b
i
n
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
M
u
ller
m
et
h
o
d
[
18
]
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
o
th
er
p
r
io
r
ity
lis
t
m
eth
o
d
s
s
u
ch
as r
an
k
i
n
g
u
n
it
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
f
u
ll
-
lo
ad
av
er
ag
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
tio
n
co
s
t
o
f
ea
ch
u
n
it
[
19
]
an
d
o
n
th
e
i
n
c
r
e
m
en
ta
l
co
s
t
r
ate
o
f
ea
ch
u
n
it
[
20
]
o
r
o
n
th
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
lo
ad
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
co
s
t
as
w
ell
[
21
]
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
is
s
u
e
o
f
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
a
l
ef
f
o
r
t
f
o
r
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
it
h
lo
w
r
esid
u
al
d
e
m
an
d
h
as
n
o
t b
ee
n
ef
f
ec
ti
v
el
y
ad
d
r
ess
ed
s
o
f
ar
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
th
e
P
L
tech
n
iq
u
e
as
it
i
s
ab
le
to
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
f
ast
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
w
it
h
lo
w
n
et
lo
ad
co
n
d
itio
n
s
w
i
th
i
n
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
Hen
ce
,
a
n
e
w
en
h
an
ce
d
p
r
io
r
ity
-
l
is
t
(
E
P
L
)
-
b
ased
m
eth
o
d
is
d
ev
elo
p
ed
s
p
ec
if
icall
y
f
o
r
lo
w
n
e
t
lo
ad
d
em
a
n
d
s
e
tti
n
g
s
.
T
h
e
m
et
h
o
d
is
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
s
a
tis
f
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
s
atis
f
y
in
g
th
e
lo
ad
an
d
m
in
i
m
izi
n
g
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
f
u
el
co
s
ts
w
i
th
i
n
t
h
o
s
e
co
m
m
i
tted
u
n
i
ts
.
I
n
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
w
i
th
th
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
p
r
io
r
it
y
l
is
t
m
et
h
o
d
,
th
e
E
P
L
m
e
th
o
d
h
as
s
ati
s
f
ied
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
;
s
p
in
n
i
n
g
r
eser
v
e,
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
u
p
ti
m
e
a
n
d
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
d
o
w
n
ti
m
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
n
o
t ta
k
en
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t i
n
th
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
p
r
io
r
it
y
lis
t
m
et
h
o
d
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
ca
r
r
ies o
u
t t
h
r
ee
m
ai
n
in
v
es
tig
a
tio
n
s
:
a.
T
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
e
n
etr
atio
n
le
v
els co
n
s
tr
ai
n
ed
b
y
n
et
lo
ad
b.
T
h
e
im
p
ac
t o
f
h
i
g
h
R
E
S p
en
et
r
atio
n
s
o
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
ch
ed
u
les a
n
d
c.
T
h
e
o
v
er
all
ac
h
iev
ab
le
co
s
t sa
v
in
g
u
n
d
er
h
i
g
h
R
E
S p
e
n
etr
ati
o
n
s
.
2.
UNIT
CO
M
M
I
T
M
E
NT
P
R
O
B
L
E
M
F
O
R
M
UL
AT
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O
N
I
n
elec
tr
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p
o
w
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s
y
s
te
m
s
,
t
h
e
UC
p
r
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b
lem
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
i
s
m
ain
l
y
d
i
v
id
ed
in
to
t
w
o
s
u
b
-
s
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l
u
tio
n
s
,
n
a
m
e
l
y
u
n
it
co
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
d
ec
is
io
n
an
d
ec
o
n
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m
ic
lo
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is
p
atch
b
y
d
eter
m
i
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
al
g
en
er
ated
p
o
w
er
f
o
r
ea
ch
co
m
m
itted
u
n
it.
F
u
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
th
i
s
w
o
u
ld
s
ati
s
f
y
g
en
er
atin
g
u
n
it
s
an
d
s
y
s
te
m
c
o
n
s
tr
ain
ts
o
v
er
t
h
e
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
p
er
io
d
.
2
.
1
Unit
co
mm
it
m
ent
o
bje
ct
i
v
e
f
un
ct
io
n
T
h
e
o
n
-
o
f
f
s
tates
o
f
t
h
e
g
e
n
e
r
atio
n
u
n
it
s
o
r
th
e
“
co
m
m
i
t
m
en
t
d
ec
is
io
n
”
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
t
h
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f
ir
s
t
s
tep
to
w
ar
d
s
t
h
e
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p
ti
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al
s
o
lu
t
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n
.
I
t
is
t
h
e
d
i
s
cr
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v
ar
iab
les
th
a
t
d
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m
in
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th
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s
tate
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o
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o
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o
f
f
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f
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
u
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t
at
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p
ar
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lar
ti
m
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U
n
t
,
th
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u
n
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at
h
o
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r
t,
is
1
,
if
t
h
e
u
n
it
is
“
o
n
lin
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a
n
d
0
if
th
e
u
n
it
i
s
“
o
f
f
lin
e”
an
d
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
(
1
)
[
22
]
.
0
,
1
t
n
U
(
1
)
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
p
r
in
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tiv
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p
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f
f
s
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ty
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te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
b
o
iler
is
in
c
lu
d
ed
in
th
is
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
t
S
n
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
d
u
r
atio
n
th
e
u
n
it
h
a
s
b
ee
n
t
u
r
n
ed
o
f
f
p
r
io
r
to
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t
-
u
p
.
B
y
c
h
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g
i
n
g
t
h
e
o
n
/o
f
f
s
tat
u
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o
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h
e
u
n
i
ts
,
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h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
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s
tar
t
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u
p
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d
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t
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o
w
n
a
n
d
th
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
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n
it
s
(
h
o
t
o
r
co
ld
)
w
il
l
also
ch
an
g
e
ac
co
r
d
in
g
l
y
[
23
]
.
T
h
e
s
ta
rt
-
u
p
co
s
t c
an
v
ar
y
f
r
o
m
a
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
“
co
ld
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”
v
alu
e
to
a
m
u
c
h
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m
aller
v
alu
e
if
th
e
u
n
it is
o
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l
y
tu
r
n
ed
o
f
f
r
ec
en
tl
y
a
n
d
r
e
m
ai
n
s
r
elativ
el
y
clo
s
e
to
th
e
o
p
er
ati
n
g
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
[
19
]
,
as p
r
esen
ted
b
y
(
4
)
.
,
,
,
,
n
n
o
f
f
n
n
c
c
t
n
n
c
o
l
d
n
n
d
o
w
n
H
S
C
i
f
M
D
T
T
M
D
T
T
S
C
S
C
i
f
T
M
D
T
T
(
4
)
W
h
er
e
n
H
S
C
an
d
n
C
S
C
ar
e
th
e
h
o
t
a
n
d
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ld
s
tar
t
-
u
p
co
s
t
s
o
f
u
n
it
n,
r
es
p
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
e
s
tar
t
-
u
p
co
s
t
an
d
s
h
u
t
d
o
w
n
co
s
t
v
al
u
e
s
ar
e
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s
u
a
ll
y
id
e
n
tical
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d
ar
e
p
r
ed
ef
in
ed
co
n
s
tan
t
v
al
u
es
f
o
r
ea
ch
u
n
it
[
24
]
.
T
h
e
s
h
u
td
o
w
n
co
s
t
is
u
s
u
all
y
n
eg
l
ec
ted
an
d
h
as
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ee
n
ta
k
en
a
s
eq
u
al
to
0
f
o
r
all
u
n
it
s
a
n
d
is
ex
cl
u
d
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
o
b
j
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tiv
e
f
u
n
c
tio
n
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
tep
o
f
th
e
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C
s
o
lu
tio
n
is
th
e
ec
o
n
o
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ic
d
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s
p
atch
s
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t
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n
.
Fo
r
ea
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C
d
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is
io
n
ac
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iev
ed
,
it
s
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o
n
o
m
ic
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o
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er
g
e
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er
atio
n
o
u
tp
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t
t
n
P
is
v
is
u
aliz
ed
as
a
(
H×N
)
m
atr
i
x
w
it
h
t
h
e
r
ea
l
v
al
u
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o
f
d
is
p
atch
as s
h
o
w
n
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n
(
5
)
.
12
1
1
1
12
2
2
2
12
N
N
H
H
H
N
P
P
P
P
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t
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n
P
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P
(
5
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2
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2
.
Sy
s
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I
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t
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o
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ato
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p
h
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ical
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n
s
tr
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ts
a
n
d
s
y
s
te
m
o
p
er
ati
o
n
al
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
ts
.
T
h
ese
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
i
n
cl
u
d
e
o
n
e
o
r
m
o
r
e
o
f
th
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f
o
llo
w
in
g
:
2
.
2
.
1
.
G
ener
a
t
ing
un
it
li
m
it
co
ns
t
r
a
int
T
h
e
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
o
u
tp
u
t o
f
t
h
e
g
en
er
ati
n
g
u
n
it
m
u
s
t
s
atis
f
y
th
e
m
in
i
m
u
m
an
d
m
ax
i
m
u
m
li
m
it
s
o
f
t
h
e
u
n
i
t a
s
g
iv
e
n
i
n
(
6
)
.
m
i
n
m
a
x
t
t
t
P
P
P
n
n
n
(
6
)
w
h
er
e
m
i
n
t
P
n
,
m
a
x
t
P
n
ar
e
th
e
m
i
n
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m
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m
a
n
d
m
ax
i
m
u
m
r
ea
l p
o
w
er
o
u
tp
u
t,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
2
.
2
.
2
.
P
o
w
er
ba
l
a
nce
co
ns
t
ra
int
T
h
e
ac
tu
al
p
o
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er
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u
tp
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t
o
f
t
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li
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co
m
m
i
tted
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n
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f
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icie
n
t
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th
e
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s
to
m
er
s
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ad
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em
an
d
f
o
r
ea
ch
h
o
u
r
a
n
d
is
g
iv
e
n
b
y
(
7
)
.
.
(
m
a
x
)
1
N
P
t
U
t
D
n
t
n
n
(
7
)
w
h
er
e
t
D
is
t
h
e
to
tal
d
e
m
an
d
at
t
-
th
h
o
u
r
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
SN
:
2252
-
8792
IJ
A
P
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
1
,
A
p
r
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0
1
8
:
8
7
–
9
8
90
2
.
2
.
3
.
M
ini
m
u
m
up
-
t
i
m
e
co
ns
t
ra
in
t
Min
i
m
u
m
u
p
-
ti
m
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m
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m
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m
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r
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o
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e
m
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m
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p
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it
y
.
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n
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s
,
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e
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s
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ic
n
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m
b
er
o
f
h
o
u
r
s
.
on
T
n
n
M
U
T
(
8
)
W
h
er
e
on
n
T
an
d
n
M
U
T
ar
e
th
e
to
tal
u
p
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e
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d
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i
n
i
m
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m
u
p
-
ti
m
e
o
f
n
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n
it
n
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
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y
.
2
.
2
.
4
.
M
ini
m
u
m
do
w
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t
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m
e
co
ns
t
r
a
int
Min
i
m
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m
d
o
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ti
m
e
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t
h
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m
in
i
m
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m
n
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r
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t
d
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o
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e
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is
re
-
co
m
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itted
ag
a
in
to
g
e
n
er
at
e
p
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w
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.
of
T
n
n
f
M
D
T
(
9
)
w
h
er
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o
ff
n
T
an
d
n
M
D
T
ar
e
th
e
to
tal
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o
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th
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t
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
2
.
2
.
5
.
Ra
m
p
ra
t
e
up
/do
w
n c
o
ns
t
ra
int
T
h
e
ch
an
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
g
en
er
at
in
g
u
n
i
t
p
o
w
er
o
u
tp
u
t
d
o
es
n
o
t
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
r
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
s
ta
n
ta
n
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s
l
y
.
T
h
e
ch
an
g
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o
f
t
h
is
p
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er
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u
tp
u
t i
s
r
estricte
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b
y
r
a
m
p
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ate
li
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it
s
.
T
h
ese
co
n
s
tr
ain
s
ar
e
f
o
r
m
u
lat
ed
b
ased
as o
n
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
,
,
,1
P
U
R
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f
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e
n
e
r
a
t
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o
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i
n
c
r
e
a
s
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s
n
n
P
t
nt
(
1
0
)
,
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,
P
D
R
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f
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e
r
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t
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o
n
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n
nt
P
nt
(
1
1
)
w
h
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n
UR
an
d
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DR
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e
r
a
m
p
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p
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d
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g
d
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o
f
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-
th
u
n
it,
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
l
y
.
2
.
2
.
6
.
Sp
in
nin
g
re
s
er
v
es c
o
ns
t
ra
int
Sp
in
n
in
g
r
eser
v
e
(
SR
)
i
s
an
i
n
d
icato
r
o
f
th
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
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m
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o
f
p
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er
th
a
t
is
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eq
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ir
e
d
to
f
u
l
f
ill
th
e
p
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ce
n
tag
e
o
f
f
o
r
ec
asted
p
ea
k
d
e
m
a
n
d
.
I
t
is
also
ca
p
ab
l
e
to
m
a
k
e
u
p
th
e
lo
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
h
ea
v
il
y
lo
ad
ed
u
n
i
t in
a
g
iv
e
n
p
er
io
d
o
f
ti
m
e
.
D
t
is
th
e
p
o
w
er
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e
m
an
d
at
h
o
u
r
t.
T
h
e
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
f
o
r
SR
ca
n
b
e
s
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n
(
1
2
)
.
.
,
1
t
P
D
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R
t
T
n
tt
t
N
U
n
n
(
1
2
)
w
h
er
e
t
SR
is
t
h
e
s
p
in
n
i
n
g
r
eser
v
e
at
t
-
th
h
o
u
r
.
2
.
2
.
7
.
M
us
t
run uni
t
T
h
e
m
u
s
t
r
u
n
u
n
it
is
s
p
ec
if
i
ed
b
y
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
o
p
er
ato
r
to
b
e
co
m
m
itted
o
n
li
n
e
f
o
r
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
in
ter
v
a
l
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
to
ad
d
r
ess
o
p
er
atin
g
r
eliab
ilit
y
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
a
n
d
v
o
lta
g
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
n
th
e
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
o
r
co
m
m
er
cial
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
o
lar
a
n
d
w
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n
d
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
m
u
s
t
r
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n
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n
it
s
f
o
r
b
e
tter
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
s
y
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te
m
o
p
er
atio
n
.
2
.
2
.
8
.
T
ra
ns
m
i
s
s
io
n
c
o
ns
t
ra
int
T
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
t
is
t
h
e
li
m
ita
tio
n
o
f
th
e
tr
a
n
s
f
er
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
s
u
c
h
a
s
th
er
m
a
l r
atin
g
o
f
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
l
in
e
a
n
d
co
n
ti
n
g
e
n
c
y
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
t.
2
.
2
.
9
.
Ca
p
a
cit
y
li
m
it
T
h
e
ca
p
ac
ity
li
m
it
s
o
f
th
er
m
al
u
n
i
ts
m
a
y
c
h
an
g
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
t
l
y
d
u
e
to
m
ai
n
te
n
an
ce
o
r
u
n
s
ch
ed
u
led
o
u
tag
e
s
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
t
y
p
es
o
f
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
i
n
t
h
e
p
lan
t.
T
h
is
m
u
s
t
also
b
e
tak
e
n
i
n
to
ac
co
u
n
t
in
u
n
it
co
m
m
i
t
m
e
n
t.
3.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
I
M
P
RO
VE
D
P
RIOR
I
T
Y
L
I
S
T
M
E
T
H
O
D
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
A
P
E
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8792
N
etlo
a
d
-
co
n
s
tr
a
in
ed
Un
it C
o
mmitmen
t Co
n
s
id
erin
g
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n
crea
s
in
g
R
en
ewa
b
le
(
S
a
leh
Y.
A
b
u
ja
r
a
d
)
91
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
im
p
r
o
v
ed
P
L
m
et
h
o
d
is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
s
e
v
e
r
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
an
d
s
u
b
-
p
r
o
b
lem
s
w
h
ic
h
j
o
in
tl
y
lead
to
a
f
ea
s
ib
le
a
n
d
co
s
t
-
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
s
o
l
u
tio
n
to
t
h
e
U
C
p
r
o
b
lem
[
23
]
,
[
25
]
.
T
h
e
s
u
b
-
p
r
o
b
lem
s
i
n
v
o
lv
ed
ar
e
UC
d
ec
is
io
n
,
m
in
i
m
u
m
u
p
/d
o
w
n
ti
m
e
r
ep
air
in
g
,
s
p
i
n
n
in
g
r
eser
v
e
r
ep
air
in
g
a
n
d
s
h
u
t
-
d
o
w
n
e
x
ce
s
s
o
f
p
o
w
er
g
en
er
atio
n
.
I
n
th
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
th
e
co
m
m
it
m
en
t
o
r
d
er
o
f
ea
ch
g
en
er
ato
r
is
b
ased
o
n
its
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
co
s
t
an
d
h
ea
t
r
ate.
T
h
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
o
b
tain
ed
m
u
s
t
s
atis
f
y
th
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
u
p
/d
o
w
n
ti
m
e
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
t
s
.
T
h
e
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
f
o
r
th
is
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
s
a
tis
f
ac
tio
n
m
a
y
lead
to
r
ed
u
ce
d
to
tal
g
en
er
ated
ca
p
ac
it
y
.
As
a
co
n
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
,
a
n
ex
tr
a
g
en
er
atio
n
ca
p
ac
it
y
co
u
ld
b
e
n
ee
d
ed
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
m
in
i
m
u
m
u
p
/d
o
w
n
ti
m
e
r
ep
air
in
g
an
d
s
p
i
n
n
in
g
r
e
s
er
v
e
r
ep
air
in
g
m
a
y
lead
to
e
x
tr
a
p
o
w
er
g
en
er
ated
at
ce
r
tain
h
o
u
r
s
w
h
ic
h
w
i
ll
lead
to
t
h
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
g
e
n
er
atio
n
co
s
t.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
o
b
tain
o
p
ti
m
ized
g
e
n
er
atio
n
a
n
d
co
s
t
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
s
c
h
ed
u
li
n
g
,
s
h
u
td
o
w
n
o
f
ex
ce
s
s
g
e
n
er
ated
p
o
w
er
m
u
s
t
b
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t.
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
r
ep
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
f
lo
w
ch
ar
t
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
im
p
r
o
v
ed
P
L
m
eth
o
d
to
clar
if
y
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
s
tr
ain
t sati
s
f
ac
ti
o
n
an
d
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
A
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
p
r
io
r
ity
lis
t
f
lo
w
ch
ar
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
SN
:
2252
-
8792
IJ
A
P
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
1
,
A
p
r
il 2
0
1
8
:
8
7
–
9
8
92
4.
CASE
S
T
UD
Y
SC
E
NAR
I
O
S AN
D
SI
M
UL
A
T
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
4
.
1
.
D
a
t
a
s
et
s
pecif
ica
t
io
n/d
a
t
a
des
cr
iptio
n
A
ten
u
n
it
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
ed
i
n
t
h
i
s
r
esear
ch
is
to
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
ate
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
s
o
lar
an
d
w
i
n
d
p
o
w
er
o
u
tp
u
t
in
to
t
h
e
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
s
te
m
g
e
n
er
a
tio
n
s
c
h
ed
u
lin
g
.
T
h
e
d
ata
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
an
d
t
h
e
2
4
-
h
o
u
r
lo
ad
d
e
m
a
n
d
p
r
o
f
ile
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
T
ab
le
1
an
d
2
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
l
y
[
20
]
.
T
h
e
lo
ad
p
r
o
f
ile
is
a
s
s
u
m
ed
to
b
e
s
i
m
ilar
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
y
ea
r
.
T
h
e
lo
ad
co
n
s
u
m
p
ti
o
n
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
to
b
e
h
ig
h
d
u
r
in
g
d
a
y
ti
m
e.
T
h
e
in
itial
s
tat
u
s
o
f
t
h
e
g
en
er
ato
r
p
r
io
r
to
th
e
ti
m
e
f
r
a
m
e
i
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
th
e
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
.
T
h
e
n
e
g
ativ
e
n
u
m
b
er
in
d
icate
s
d
o
w
n
-
t
i
m
e
w
h
ile
t
h
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
n
u
m
b
er
in
d
icate
s
u
p
-
ti
m
e.
T
h
e
s
tar
t
-
u
p
co
s
t
is
m
o
d
eled
as
a
s
tep
w
is
e
co
s
t
f
u
n
ct
io
n
w
it
h
t
w
o
s
tep
s
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
is
th
e
h
o
t
s
tar
t
-
u
p
co
s
t
a
n
d
th
e
o
th
er
s
tep
is
t
h
e
co
ld
s
tar
t
-
u
p
co
s
t.
T
h
e
r
es
er
v
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
is
eq
u
al
to
1
0
% o
f
th
e
h
o
u
r
l
y
lo
a
d
d
em
a
n
d
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Gen
er
ato
r
Da
ta
o
f
1
0
Un
it
s
S
y
s
te
m
U1
U2
U3
U4
U5
U6
U7
U8
U9
U
1
0
P
max
(
M
W
)
4
5
5
4
5
5
1
3
0
1
3
0
1
6
2
80
85
55
55
55
P
mi
n
(
M
W
)
1
5
0
1
5
0
20
20
25
20
25
10
10
10
a
(
$
/
h
)
1
0
0
0
9
7
0
7
0
0
6
8
0
4
5
0
3
7
0
4
8
0
6
6
0
6
6
5
6
7
0
b
(
$
/
M
W
h
)
1
6
.
1
9
1
7
.
2
6
16
.6
1
6
.
5
1
9
.
7
2
2
.
2
6
2
7
.
7
4
2
5
.
9
2
2
7
.
2
7
2
7
.
7
9
c
(
$
/
M
W
^
2
h
)
0
.
0
0
0
4
8
0
.
0
0
0
3
1
0
.
0
0
2
0
.
0
0
2
1
1
0
.
0
0
3
9
8
0
.
0
0
7
1
2
0
.
0
0
0
7
9
0
.
0
0
4
1
3
0
.
0
0
2
2
2
0
.
0
0
1
7
3
M
U
T
(
h
)
8
8
5
5
6
3
3
1
1
1
M
D
T
(
h
)
8
8
5
5
6
3
3
1
1
1
H
S
C
(
$
)
4
5
0
0
5
0
0
0
5
5
0
5
6
0
9
0
0
1
7
0
2
6
0
30
30
30
C
S
C
(
$
)
9
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
100
1
1
2
0
1
8
0
0
3
4
0
5
2
0
60
60
60
C
S
(
h
)
5
5
4
4
4
2
2
0
0
0
I
S
(
h
)
8
8
-
5
-
5
-
6
-
3
-
3
-
1
-
1
-
1
T
ab
le
2
.
Ho
u
r
ly
E
lectr
icit
y
L
o
ad
P
r
o
f
ile
f
o
r
2
4
H
o
u
r
s
H
o
u
r
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
L
o
a
d
(
M
W
)
7
0
0
7
5
0
8
5
0
9
5
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
5
0
1
2
0
0
1
3
0
0
1
4
0
0
1
4
5
0
1
5
0
0
H
o
u
r
1
3
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
L
o
a
d
(
M
W
)
1
4
0
0
1
3
0
0
1
2
0
0
1
0
5
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
2
0
0
1
4
0
0
1
3
0
0
1
1
0
0
9
0
0
8
0
0
4
.
2
So
la
r
r
a
dia
t
io
n a
nd
w
ind
s
peed
da
t
a
A
m
u
ltip
l
y
in
g
s
ca
le
f
ac
to
r
is
u
s
ed
to
m
o
d
el
th
e
w
i
n
d
an
d
s
o
l
ar
f
ar
m
s
.
B
y
u
s
in
g
t
h
is
s
ca
le,
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
p
r
o
d
u
cti
o
n
lev
el
o
r
th
e
p
en
etr
atio
n
lev
el
o
f
a
s
i
n
g
le
P
V
m
o
d
u
le
an
d
w
i
n
d
tu
r
b
in
e
is
r
ec
eiv
ed
.
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
ea
ch
P
V
ce
ll
a
n
d
t
u
r
b
in
e
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
p
o
ten
tial
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
a
n
d
w
i
n
d
s
p
ee
d
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
e
s
ca
le
f
ac
to
r
s
ar
e
g
e
n
e
r
ated
s
ep
ar
ately
f
o
r
w
in
d
an
d
P
V
f
o
r
ea
ch
p
en
etr
atio
n
lev
el/
s
ce
n
ar
io
.
I
n
th
i
s
r
esear
ch
,
t
h
e
ac
t
u
al
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
an
d
w
in
d
s
p
ee
d
d
ata
ar
e
co
llected
at
Ku
ala
T
er
en
g
g
an
u
,
Ma
la
y
s
ia
[
26
]
.
T
h
e
w
in
d
p
o
w
er
o
u
tp
u
t,
P
WTG
g
e
n
er
ated
f
r
o
m
th
e
w
i
n
d
t
u
r
b
in
e
ca
n
b
e
p
r
esen
ted
as:
3
0
W
T
G
r
c
i
r
ci
r
r
c
o
V
b
P
V
V
V
VV
Pa
P
V
V
V
(
1
3
)
w
h
er
e
P
r
i
s
t
h
e
w
i
n
d
tu
r
b
in
e
s
r
ated
p
o
w
er
;
V
ci
is
t
h
e
c
u
t
-
i
n
w
i
n
d
s
p
ee
d
;
V
r
i
s
t
h
e
r
ated
w
i
n
d
s
p
ee
d
;
V
co
is
t
h
e
cu
t
-
o
u
t
w
i
n
d
s
p
ee
d
.
a
an
d
b
ar
e
d
ef
in
ed
as:
33
r
r
c
i
P
a
VV
(
1
4
)
3
33
ci
r
c
i
V
b
VV
(
1
5
)
On
th
e
o
t
h
er
h
an
d
,
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
in
Ma
la
y
s
ia
is
r
elativ
e
l
y
h
i
g
h
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
w
it
h
th
e
w
o
r
ld
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
I
t
is
e
s
ti
m
ated
t
h
at
th
e
s
o
lar
p
o
w
er
i
n
Ma
la
y
s
ia
is
f
o
u
r
ti
m
es
h
i
g
h
er
t
h
an
t
h
e
w
o
r
ld
f
o
s
s
il
f
u
el
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
[
27
]
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
est
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
w
ith
an
av
er
a
g
e
o
f
m
o
r
e
t
h
a
n
3
k
W
h
/
m
2
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
y
ea
r
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
in
Ma
la
y
s
i
a.
Fro
m
t
h
i
s
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
p
r
o
f
ile,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
,
P
pv
g
en
er
ated
f
r
o
m
th
e
PV
ar
r
ay
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
i
n
g
(
1
6
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
A
P
E
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8792
N
etlo
a
d
-
co
n
s
tr
a
in
ed
Un
it C
o
mmitmen
t Co
n
s
id
erin
g
I
n
crea
s
in
g
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w
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th
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o
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h
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S p
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n
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r
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4
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3
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1
Scena
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1
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o
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t
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m
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ab
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3
s
h
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h
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itted
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
SN
:
2252
-
8792
IJ
A
P
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Vo
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7
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No
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1
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p
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0
1
8
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7
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IJ
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d
Fig
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