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I
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Vo
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1
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Ma
r
ch
2
0
2
2
,
p
p
.
7
~
13
I
SS
N:
2252
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8
7
9
2
,
DOI
:
1
0
.
1
1
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1
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.
v
11
.
i
1
.
pp
7
-
1
3
7
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imiz
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f
c
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m
a
rk
e
t.
K
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w
o
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d
s
:
C
ap
ac
ity
m
ar
k
et
Dem
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t c
o
s
t
Mic
r
o
g
r
id
T
r
an
s
m
is
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s
tem
T
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s
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p
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a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
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-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Mo
h
am
m
ad
K
h
ad
em
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
K
h
o
r
m
u
j Bra
n
ch
,
I
s
lam
ic
Aza
d
Un
iv
er
s
ity
L
av
ar
Sh
ar
g
h
i Ro
ad
,
Kh
o
r
m
u
j
7
5
4
1
6
6
8
3
9
5
,
B
u
s
h
eh
r
Pro
v
in
ce
,
I
r
an
E
m
ai
l:
m
o
h
am
m
a
d
.
k
h
a
d
em
8
7
3
9
@
y
ah
o
o
.
c
o
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
E
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
c
o
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
p
o
llu
tio
n
s
,
g
r
ee
n
h
o
u
s
e
g
ases
an
d
lan
d
f
ills
ar
e
th
e
m
a
jo
r
is
s
u
es
in
r
ec
en
t y
ea
r
s
[
1
]
–
[
3
]
wh
ich
h
as a
ttra
cted
a
lo
t o
f
atten
tio
n
f
o
r
ef
f
icien
c
y
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
o
f
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
elec
tr
ical
m
ac
h
in
es
[
4
]
,
[
5
]
.
D
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
is
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
f
ac
to
r
in
p
o
wer
n
etwo
r
k
d
esig
n
th
at
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
f
o
r
a
s
y
s
tem
b
ased
o
n
lo
ad
d
em
an
d
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
es
n
etwo
r
k
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
I
n
f
ac
t,
th
e
ex
p
an
s
i
o
n
o
f
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
es
is
n
o
t
alwa
y
s
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
an
d
o
th
er
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
n
ee
d
to
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
T
h
e
l
o
ad
r
esp
o
n
s
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
f
o
r
s
ev
e
r
al
r
ea
s
o
n
s
s
u
ch
as
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
p
ea
k
,
p
r
e
v
en
tin
g
th
e
r
ap
id
p
r
i
ce
ch
an
g
in
g
i
n
th
e
elec
tr
icity
m
ar
k
et,
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
ef
f
i
cien
cy
o
f
th
e
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
an
d
t
h
e
e
n
er
g
y
m
ar
k
et.
Plan
n
in
g
f
o
r
s
y
s
tem
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
was
s
tar
ted
in
1
9
7
0
with
t
h
e
aim
o
f
m
in
im
izin
g
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
co
s
t
s
an
d
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
p
o
wer
g
en
er
atio
n
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
an
d
lin
e
c
ap
ac
ity
u
s
in
g
th
e
lin
ea
r
p
lan
n
in
g
m
eth
o
d
.
Dif
f
er
en
t
tech
n
iq
u
es
h
av
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
in
n
etwo
r
k
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
lan
n
i
n
g
s
u
ch
as
s
en
s
itiv
ity
an
aly
s
is
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
an
t
co
lo
n
y
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
g
en
eti
c
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
an
d
T
ab
u
s
ea
r
ch
[
6
]
–
[
1
2
]
.
E
lectr
ic
in
d
u
s
tr
y
h
as
u
n
d
er
g
o
n
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tal
ch
an
g
es
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
w
o
r
ld
in
th
e
last
two
d
ec
ad
es
wh
ich
ar
e
r
ef
e
r
r
ed
to
v
ar
io
u
s
h
ea
d
in
g
s
s
u
c
h
as
r
estru
ctu
r
in
g
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
Dem
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
f
o
r
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
ly
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
s
y
s
tem
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
T
o
s
o
lv
e
t
h
e
p
lan
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
b
lem
f
o
r
t
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
th
e
m
icr
o
g
r
id
s
(
MG
s
)
will
b
e
th
e
b
est
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
lo
ad
d
em
an
d
i
n
s
tead
o
f
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
th
e
n
ew
co
s
tly
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
e.
MG
s
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
a
s
et
o
f
th
e
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
wh
ich
ar
e
ab
le
to
s
u
p
p
ly
th
eir
lo
ca
l
lo
ad
b
y
two
m
o
d
es
as
s
ep
ar
ate
an
d
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
.
MG
s
ca
n
in
ter
ac
t
with
ea
ch
o
th
er
as
well
as
with
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
co
m
p
an
ies.
T
h
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
o
f
MG
s
with
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
co
m
p
a
n
y
ca
n
tak
e
p
lace
in
a
lo
ca
l
elec
tr
icity
m
ar
k
et
in
wh
ich
MG
s
ca
n
ac
t
as
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
o
r
p
r
o
d
u
ce
r
s
at
a
n
y
tim
e
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
eir
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
an
d
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
MG
s
ca
n
al
s
o
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
r
eser
v
atio
n
r
eq
u
este
d
b
y
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ti
on
co
m
p
an
y
in
o
r
d
er
to
ac
co
m
p
an
y
with
th
e
u
p
s
tr
ea
m
r
eser
v
atio
n
m
ar
k
et.
C
er
tain
ly
,
th
e
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
2
2
:
7
-
1
3
8
in
ter
ac
tio
n
o
f
MG
s
an
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
c
o
m
p
an
ies
in
th
e
en
er
g
y
m
ar
k
ets
an
d
lo
ca
l
r
eser
v
e
s
will
ch
an
g
e
th
eir
b
eh
av
io
r
an
d
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
in
g
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
MG
s
c
an
in
ter
ac
t
with
ea
ch
o
th
e
r
s
o
th
at
th
ey
u
s
e
ea
ch
o
th
er
'
s
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
th
e
en
tire
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
o
f
MG
s
lead
to
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
an
d
r
ed
u
c
e
th
e
d
ep
e
n
d
en
c
y
to
th
e
u
p
s
tr
ea
m
s
y
s
tem
[
1
5
]
.
Pla
n
n
in
g
o
f
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
es
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
b
y
MG
s
is
n
o
t r
ep
o
r
te
d
well
as a
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
ca
p
ac
ity
m
a
r
k
et.
O
n
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
in
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
is
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
tim
e,
p
lace
,
s
ize,
an
d
o
p
tim
al
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
ew
elem
en
ts
t
o
s
u
p
p
ly
th
e
d
em
an
d
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
ex
p
an
s
io
n
p
lan
n
in
g
(
T
E
P)
p
r
o
b
lem
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
in
ter
m
s
o
f
m
eth
o
d
s
,
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
,
an
d
o
b
jectiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
.
I
t
ca
n
also
b
e
s
tu
d
ied
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
asp
ec
ts
s
u
ch
as
m
o
d
elin
g
an
d
s
o
l
u
tio
n
m
eth
o
d
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
T
E
P
p
r
o
b
l
em
is
m
o
d
eled
o
n
a
p
o
n
d
-
b
ased
elec
tr
icity
m
ar
k
et
[
1
8
]
.
I
n
th
is
m
o
d
el,
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
esen
ted
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
d
e
m
an
d
,
wh
ic
h
will
h
elp
to
ex
am
in
e
th
e
is
s
u
e
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
in
p
lan
n
in
g
.
A
th
r
ee
-
le
v
el
m
o
d
el
is
f
o
r
m
u
lated
f
o
r
T
E
P,
wh
ich
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
at
th
e
lo
w
est
lev
el
o
f
m
ar
k
et
s
ettlem
en
t,
at
th
e
m
id
d
le
lev
el
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
ca
p
ac
ity
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t,
an
d
at
th
e
h
ig
h
est
lev
el
o
f
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
ca
p
ac
ity
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
[
1
9
]
.
A
d
y
n
am
ic
ca
p
ac
ity
in
v
estme
n
t
m
o
d
el
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
2
0
]
t
o
i
n
v
esti
g
ate
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
v
a
r
io
u
s
o
p
tio
n
s
in
ca
p
ac
it
y
m
ar
k
et
d
esig
n
with
in
th
r
e
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
.
T
h
e
o
u
tco
m
e
s
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
in
elec
tr
icity
p
r
icin
g
p
o
licy
,
r
el
iab
ilit
y
,
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
in
teg
r
atin
g
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
g
en
er
atio
n
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
an
d
MG
s
in
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
s
is
in
v
esti
g
ated
[
2
1
]
.
An
o
p
tim
al
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
in
teg
r
atin
g
th
ese
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
lan
n
in
g
is
p
r
es
en
ted
with
th
e
m
ain
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
co
s
t m
in
im
iza
tio
n
.
I
n
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
o
p
er
ato
r
s
o
f
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
wo
r
l
d
b
ased
o
n
th
e
co
n
s
u
m
in
g
o
f
l
o
ad
in
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
m
ar
k
et
ar
e
d
iv
id
e
d
i
n
to
th
r
ee
ca
teg
o
r
ies.
So
m
e
o
f
th
em
ar
e
th
e
o
p
er
at
o
r
s
in
C
alif
o
r
n
ia
an
d
Un
ited
Kin
g
d
o
m
wh
ic
h
s
tu
d
ied
an
d
d
esig
n
ed
an
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
f
o
r
ca
p
ac
ity
m
ar
k
et
to
im
p
l
em
en
t th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
o
f
lo
a
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e
an
d
e
n
er
g
y
e
f
f
icien
cy
.
T
h
e
m
en
tio
n
e
d
o
p
er
ato
r
s
b
eliev
ed
th
at
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
s
tu
d
y
f
u
r
th
er
an
d
u
s
e
th
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
o
f
th
e
o
th
er
m
ar
k
ets
in
r
eso
u
r
ce
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
o
p
er
ato
r
s
s
u
ch
as
New
Yo
r
k
in
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t
s
y
s
tem
o
p
er
at
o
r
(
NYI
SO)
an
d
Mid
west
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
s
y
s
tem
o
p
er
ato
r
(
MI
SO)
in
t
h
e
Un
ited
States
u
s
e
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
to
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
ad
eq
u
ate
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
b
u
t
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
a
co
m
p
etitiv
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
to
c
o
m
p
ete
b
etw
ee
n
s
u
b
s
cr
ib
er
s
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
New
Yo
r
k
o
p
er
ato
r
is
f
o
r
cin
g
t
h
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
s
to
p
ar
ticip
ate
i
n
ti
m
es
o
f
s
h
o
r
tag
e.
T
h
ese
s
u
p
p
l
ier
s
r
ec
eiv
e
a
m
o
n
th
ly
s
tip
en
d
in
ex
ch
a
n
g
e
f
o
r
a
co
m
m
itm
en
t
to
p
ar
ticip
ate
w
h
en
n
ee
d
ed
.
T
h
e
o
p
er
ato
r
o
f
Mid
ea
s
t
r
eg
io
n
also
u
s
es
th
ese
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
in
two
way
s
o
f
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
ca
p
ac
ity
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
m
et
h
o
d
is
to
u
s
e
e
m
er
g
en
cy
r
esp
o
n
s
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
ad
eq
u
ac
y
.
T
h
is
o
p
er
ato
r
p
ay
s
a
p
r
ice
eq
u
al
to
th
e
h
ig
h
est
b
id
f
r
o
m
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
s
to
all
p
ar
tici
p
an
ts
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
m
eth
o
d
is
to
allo
w
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
co
m
p
an
y
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
lo
ad
o
f
s
u
b
s
cr
ib
er
s
in
o
r
d
er
to
co
m
m
it
to
th
eir
m
o
n
th
ly
ca
p
a
city
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
th
ir
d
ca
teg
o
r
y
o
f
o
p
er
ato
r
s
s
u
ch
as
New
E
n
g
lan
d
an
d
Pen
n
s
y
lv
an
ia
-
J
er
s
ey
-
Ma
r
y
lan
d
(
PJ
M)
o
p
er
ato
r
s
h
as
th
r
ee
ty
p
es
o
f
d
em
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e
(
DR
)
p
r
o
d
u
cts
in
clu
d
i
n
g
th
e
lim
ited
DR
,
ex
ten
d
ed
s
u
m
m
e
r
DR
an
d
an
n
u
al
AD
with
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
to
in
v
o
lv
e
in
th
e
m
a
r
k
et
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
is
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
in
th
e
PJ
M
ca
p
ac
ity
m
ar
k
et
h
as b
ee
n
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
an
d
m
o
d
eled
in
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
is
ar
ticle
ex
am
in
ed
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
MG
s
as
an
a
lter
n
ativ
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
e
in
ca
p
ac
ity
m
ar
k
et.
An
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
m
et
h
o
d
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
m
o
d
elin
g
o
f
c
ap
ac
ity
m
ar
k
et
an
d
d
em
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e.
T
h
e
ap
p
lic
ati
o
n
o
f
MG
as
a
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
ly
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
ca
p
ac
ity
m
a
r
k
e
t
is
an
aly
ze
d
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
MG
s
ca
u
s
es
a
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
t
h
e
co
s
t
o
f
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
Seller
s
an
d
b
u
y
er
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ex
is
ted
in
a
ca
p
ac
ity
m
ar
k
et
to
tr
ad
e
o
f
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
[
2
6
]
.
No
r
m
ally
,
th
e
p
u
r
ch
aser
a
r
e
L
SEs
th
at
s
u
p
p
l
y
th
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
t
h
eir
zo
n
e.
Ow
n
er
s
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
s
tatio
n
s
ar
e
th
e
v
en
d
o
r
s
.
T
h
e
o
b
jectiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
b
l
em
o
f
MG
s
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
in
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
m
ar
k
et
is
o
b
tain
ed
as (
1
)
.
∑
∑
(
.
.
.
)
−
∑
∑
(
.
.
[
.
−
.
−
]
=
1
=
1
=
1
)
=
1
(
1
)
+
∑
∑
(
.
.
.
)
+
∑
[
∑
.
=
1
×
365
+
∑
.
+
.
=
1
]
=
1
=
1
=
1
W
h
er
e
,
an
d
ar
e
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
v
ar
iab
le
r
eso
u
r
ce
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
(
VR
R
)
an
d
b
lo
ck
s
,
r
ep
ec
tiv
ely
.
,
an
d
,
ar
e
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
p
r
ice
an
d
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
ce
r
wh
ile
,
an
d
,
ar
e
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
r
ice
an
d
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
lo
ad
in
th
e
cp
ac
ity
b
lo
ck
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
an
d
ar
e
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
Dem
a
n
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e
p
la
n
n
in
g
in
ca
p
a
city
ma
r
ke
t u
s
in
g
micro
g
r
id
(
Mo
h
a
mma
d
K
h
a
d
em
)
9
n
ew
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
e
in
s
talla
tio
n
.
,
−
is
an
au
x
iliar
y
v
ar
iab
le
th
at
in
d
icate
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
MG
o
n
VR
R
.
is
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
d
em
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e
in
MG
.
,
an
d
ar
e
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
n
ew
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
o
p
er
atio
n
co
s
t
(
ex
clu
d
in
g
f
u
el)
an
d
is
m
ain
t
en
an
ce
o
f
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
g
e
n
er
ati
o
n
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
wh
ile
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
lo
ad
s
in
d
o
llar
s
p
er
k
ilo
wat
t
-
d
ay
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
is
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
MG
an
d
is
al
s
o
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
lan
n
in
g
p
er
io
d
s
o
f
in
v
estme
n
t
in
th
e
MG
b
ased
o
n
th
e
y
ea
r
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
s
tr
ateg
y
is
im
p
le
m
en
ted
o
n
B
R
A
o
f
2
0
2
0
/2
0
2
1
PJ
M
ca
p
a
city
m
ar
k
et
d
ata
.
On
e
-
b
lo
c
k
o
f
f
er
in
g
c
u
r
v
es,
a
n
d
f
o
r
VR
R
th
r
ee
-
b
lo
c
k
b
id
d
in
g
cu
r
v
es
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
d
em
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e.
All
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
ies
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
r
u
n
u
s
in
g
C
PLE
X
with
in
g
en
er
al
alg
e
b
r
aic
m
o
d
elin
g
s
y
s
tem
(
GAM
S)
.
T
o
in
v
esti
g
ate
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el,
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
u
s
t
b
e
e
v
alu
at
ed
co
n
s
id
er
i
n
g
v
ar
io
u
s
c
o
r
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
I
n
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
,
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
DR
,
g
en
er
atio
n
ca
p
ac
ity
,
a
n
d
C
E
T
O
o
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
ar
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
d
etail.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
Ana
ly
s
is
ba
s
ed
o
n t
he
ce
rt
a
in nu
m
ber
o
f
m
icro
g
rid
s
in ea
ch
a
re
a
(
ca
s
e
1)
T
h
e
ca
p
ac
ity
m
ar
k
et
is
s
o
lv
ed
in
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
f
o
u
r
m
o
d
e
s
f
o
r
th
e
s
y
s
tem
in
q
u
esti
o
n
;
i
)
ca
p
ac
ity
m
ar
k
et
r
e
g
ar
d
less
o
f
MG
,
ii
)
c
ap
ac
ity
m
ar
k
et
with
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
o
f
o
n
e
MG
in
ea
ch
ar
ea
,
iii
)
ca
p
ac
ity
m
a
r
k
et
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
i
n
g
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
o
f
two
MG
s
in
ea
ch
ar
ea
,
a
n
d
iv
)
ca
p
ac
ity
m
a
r
k
et
with
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
o
f
th
r
e
e
MG
s
in
ea
ch
ar
ea
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
,
in
m
o
d
es 2
to
4
,
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
allo
wab
le
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
MG
s
in
ar
ea
s
1
,
2
an
d
1
0
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
T
h
e
co
s
t
o
f
p
o
wer
g
e
n
er
atio
n
,
t
h
e
co
s
t
o
f
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
n
etwo
r
k
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
th
e
p
r
o
f
it
o
f
s
ellin
g
ca
p
ac
ity
to
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
,
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
M
G
an
d
f
in
ally
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
ca
p
ac
ity
m
ar
k
et
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
.
I
t
is
clea
r
th
at
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
MG
s
ca
u
s
es
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t.
W
ith
th
e
ad
d
iti
o
n
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t
MG
to
ea
ch
ar
ea
,
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
co
s
t
o
f
t
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
will
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
a
b
o
u
t
$
6
m
ill
io
n
,
wh
ile
th
e
MG
will
co
s
t
o
n
ly
ab
o
u
t
$
2
m
illi
o
n
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
MG
s
ca
u
s
es a
s
lig
h
t in
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
th
e
p
r
o
f
itab
ilit
y
o
f
s
ellin
g
ca
p
ac
ity
to
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
.
T
ab
le
1
.
C
ap
ac
ity
m
a
r
k
et
co
s
t
s
with
d
if
f
er
en
t
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
MG
s
in
ea
ch
ar
ea
(
ca
s
e
1)
C
o
s
t
s
0
MG
1
MG
2
MG
s
3
MG
s
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
C
o
s
t
44
,
092
,
6
1
0
44
,
092
,
6
1
0
44
,
092
,
6
1
0
44
,
092
,
6
1
0
V
R
R
R
e
v
e
n
u
e
99
,
528
,
4
5
0
1
0
0
,
5
6
4
,
200
1
0
1
,
0
5
2
,
000
1
0
1
,
1
7
5
,
400
U
p
g
r
a
d
e
c
o
st
89
,
839
,
0
0
0
83
,
839
,
0
0
0
77
,
839
,
0
0
0
71
,
839
,
0
0
0
MG
C
o
s
t
0
2
,
0
2
9
,
3
1
5
4
,
0
5
8
,
6
3
0
6
,
0
8
7
,
9
4
5
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
M
a
r
k
e
t
C
o
s
t
34
,
403
,
1
6
0
29
,
396
,
6
7
0
2
,
4
9
3
,
8
2
0
2
,
0
8
4
,
4
1
4
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
T
ab
le
1
,
with
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
th
e
f
i
r
s
t
MG
to
ea
ch
a
r
ea
,
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
m
a
r
k
et
co
s
t
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
$
5
m
illi
o
n
,
wh
ich
is
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
an
d
e
q
u
iv
alen
t
to
a
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
1
5
%
in
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
m
ar
k
et
co
s
t
f
o
r
th
e
f
ir
s
t
ca
s
e
.
W
ith
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
MG
s
in
ea
ch
a
r
ea
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
an
d
also
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
ca
p
ac
ity
m
ar
k
et
co
n
tin
u
es.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
th
e
th
ir
d
MG
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
lin
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
r
ed
u
ce
d
ab
o
u
t
1
8
m
il
lio
n
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
with
th
e
f
ir
s
t
ca
s
e,
wh
ile
th
e
c
o
s
t
o
f
ca
p
ac
ity
m
ar
k
et
h
as
also
co
n
d
en
s
ed
b
y
1
4
m
illi
o
n
.
T
h
e
o
u
tc
o
m
es
p
r
o
v
ed
th
at
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
an
d
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
MG
s
in
ea
ch
ar
ea
r
esu
lt
in
th
e
elim
in
atin
g
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
m
ar
k
et
co
s
t
o
f
ca
p
ac
ity
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
p
o
wer
g
en
er
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
f
o
u
r
m
o
d
es
f
o
r
ea
ch
r
eg
i
o
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
also
s
h
o
ws
th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
co
n
s
u
m
e
r
p
u
r
ch
ased
ca
p
ac
ity
(
P
VRR
).
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
am
o
u
n
t o
f
s
o
ld
ca
p
ac
ity
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
in
t
h
e
ca
p
a
city
m
ar
k
et
(
ca
s
e
1)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
2
2
:
7
-
1
3
10
As
s
h
o
wn
in
F
ig
u
r
e
2
,
with
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
MG
s
,
P
VRR
h
as
a
ls
o
en
h
an
ce
d
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
ws
th
e
ex
ten
t
o
f
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
n
etwo
r
k
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
with
o
u
t
MG
an
d
with
d
if
f
er
en
t
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
MG
s
.
I
t
is
in
d
icate
d
th
at
th
e
a
d
d
itio
n
o
f
MG
s
will g
r
ad
u
ally
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
t
h
e
am
o
u
n
t o
f
t
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lt
s
,
th
e
v
al
u
es
o
f
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
n
etwo
r
k
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
in
th
e
f
o
u
r
d
esire
d
m
o
d
es
ar
e
8
9
,
8
3
9
,
8
,
3
8
9
,
7
7
,
8
3
9
,
an
d
7
1
,
8
3
9
MW
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
C
o
m
p
ar
in
g
th
e
ca
p
ac
i
ty
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t
an
d
s
ec
o
n
d
m
o
d
es
s
h
o
ws
th
at
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
o
n
e
MG
to
th
e
ar
e
as,
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
ca
p
ac
ity
w
h
ich
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
t
o
d
ev
elo
p
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
r
ed
u
ce
d
b
y
6
,
0
0
0
MW,
alm
o
s
t
eq
u
al
to
6
.
6
%
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
ca
p
ac
ity
.
T
h
is
am
o
u
n
t
is
s
ig
n
if
ican
t,
t
h
en
MG
ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
a
s
u
itab
le
alter
n
ativ
e
f
o
r
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
m
o
d
e
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
th
e
th
ir
d
m
o
d
e
an
d
also
th
e
th
ir
d
m
o
d
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
f
o
u
r
th
m
o
d
e
h
a
d
a
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
6
0
0
MW
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
o
ld
ca
p
a
city
o
f
all
MG
s
f
o
r
all
f
o
u
r
m
o
d
es.
So
,
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
MG
s
r
esu
lt in
th
e
g
r
o
win
g
o
f
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
s
o
ld
ca
p
ac
ity
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
am
o
u
n
t o
f
ca
p
ac
ity
p
u
r
ch
ased
b
y
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
(
ca
s
e
1
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
am
o
u
n
t o
f
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
n
etwo
r
k
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t (
ca
s
e
1
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
am
o
u
n
t o
f
s
o
ld
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
MG
s
in
ea
ch
m
o
d
e
(
ca
s
e
1)
3
.
2
.
Ana
ly
s
is
f
o
r
m
a
x
i
m
um
nu
m
ber
o
f
m
icro
g
rids
in a
ll a
re
a
s
(
ca
s
e
2)
I
n
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
im
u
latio
n
,
it
was
ass
u
m
ed
th
at
ea
ch
r
e
g
io
n
wo
u
ld
b
e
ab
le
t
o
c
o
n
s
tr
u
c
t
a
ce
r
tain
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
MG
s
.
A
g
en
e
r
al
c
o
n
s
tr
ain
t
ex
is
ts
f
o
r
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
u
ch
a
way
t
h
at
a
m
ax
im
u
m
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
Nm
g
MG
s
ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
in
o
n
e
o
r
m
o
r
e
ar
ea
s
.
Fo
u
r
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
m
o
d
es
ar
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
i
s
b
ein
g
as
;
i
)
m
o
d
e
1
:
n
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
ar
ea
s
h
av
e
MG
s
,
ii
)
m
o
d
e
2
:
m
a
x
im
u
m
5
MG
s
in
all
ar
e
as
,
iii
)
m
o
d
e
3
:
m
ax
im
u
m
1
0
MG
s
in
all
ar
ea
s
,
an
d
iv
)
m
o
d
e
4
: m
ax
im
u
m
1
5
MG
s
in
all
ar
ea
s
T
h
e
r
elate
d
r
esu
lts
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
ct
io
n
co
s
t,
lin
e
in
v
estme
n
t
co
s
t,
ca
p
ac
ity
s
ales
p
r
o
f
it
,
an
d
MG
co
s
t
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
ws th
at
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
MG
s
d
id
n
o
t a
f
f
ec
t th
e
am
o
u
n
t o
f
s
o
ld
ca
p
ac
ity
in
an
y
ar
ea
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
d
is
p
lay
s
th
at
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
MG
s
will
en
lar
g
e
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
p
r
o
f
it
f
r
o
m
ca
p
ac
ity
.
B
ec
au
s
e,
u
s
in
g
o
f
M
Gs
r
ed
u
ce
d
th
e
p
r
ice
o
f
ca
p
ac
ity
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
Fig
u
r
e
7
,
b
y
u
s
in
g
o
f
MG
s
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t c
ap
ac
ity
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
.
I
t c
an
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
f
r
o
m
Fig
u
r
e
8
th
at
en
h
an
ce
m
en
t o
f
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
MG
s
lead
to
g
r
o
wth
o
f
s
o
ld
ca
p
ac
ity
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
Dem
a
n
d
r
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o
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s
e
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n
n
in
g
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ca
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city
ma
r
ke
t u
s
in
g
micro
g
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id
(
Mo
h
a
mma
d
K
h
a
d
em
)
11
T
ab
le
2.
C
ap
ac
ity
m
a
r
k
et
co
s
t
s
with
d
if
f
er
en
t n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
MG
s
in
all
ar
ea
s
(
ca
s
e
2
)
C
o
s
t
s
0
M
G
5
M
G
s
1
0
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G
s
1
5
M
G
s
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
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o
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c
o
s
t
44
,
092
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1
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V
R
R
r
e
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u
e
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3
8
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700
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p
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d
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839
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6
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c
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st
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121
,
0
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0
19
,
115
,
7
2
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12
,
139
,
5
1
0
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
am
o
u
n
t o
f
s
o
ld
ca
p
ac
ity
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
in
t
h
e
ca
p
a
city
m
ar
k
et
(
ca
s
e
2)
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
am
o
u
n
t o
f
ca
p
ac
ity
p
u
r
ch
ased
b
y
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
(
ca
s
e
2
)
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
am
o
u
n
t o
f
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t (
ca
s
e
2
)
F
ig
u
r
e
8
.
T
h
e
am
o
u
n
t o
f
s
o
ld
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
MG
s
in
ea
ch
m
o
d
e
(
ca
s
e
2)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
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wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
2
2
:
7
-
1
3
12
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
R
o
le
o
f
MG
s
as
an
alter
n
ativ
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
was
i
n
v
e
s
tig
ated
to
in
s
p
ec
t
if
MG
s
ca
n
b
e
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
as
a
s
u
itab
le
alter
n
ativ
e
f
o
r
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t.
A
m
et
h
o
d
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
s
im
u
latio
n
o
f
MG
s
in
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
m
ar
k
et
as
a
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
p
la
n
n
in
g
.
T
h
e
ca
p
ac
ity
m
ar
k
et
is
an
aly
ze
d
in
f
o
u
r
m
o
d
es
s
u
c
h
as
n
o
MG
,
with
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
MG
in
ea
ch
ar
ea
,
with
two
M
Gs
in
ea
ch
ar
ea
,
an
d
th
r
ee
MG
s
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
ea
c
h
ar
ea
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
MG
s
ca
u
s
es
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
t
h
e
co
s
t
o
f
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
B
y
ad
d
i
n
g
o
f
one
MG
to
ea
c
h
ar
ea
,
t
h
e
co
s
t o
f
s
y
s
tem
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
will
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
b
y
6
m
illi
o
n
d
o
llar
s
,
an
d
wh
ile
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
MG
will
b
e
o
n
ly
2
m
illi
o
n
d
o
llar
s
.
I
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
MG
s
ca
u
s
ed
a
s
li
g
h
t
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
th
e
p
r
o
f
itab
ilit
y
o
f
s
ellin
g
ca
p
ac
i
ty
to
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
.
T
h
e
s
e
r
esu
lts
p
r
o
v
ed
th
at
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
t
o
f
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t w
ill b
e
elim
in
ate
d
u
s
in
g
en
o
u
g
h
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
m
i
cr
o
g
r
id
s
with
a
s
u
itab
le
ca
p
ac
ity
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
wo
u
ld
lik
e
to
e
x
p
r
ess
th
eir
g
r
atitu
d
e
to
I
s
lam
ic
Aza
d
Un
i
v
er
s
ity
f
o
r
t
h
e
f
ac
ilit
ies
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
wo
r
k
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
M
.
S
a
j
j
a
d
i
,
H
.
S
e
i
f
i
,
a
n
d
H
.
D
e
l
k
h
o
sh
,
“
A
n
e
w
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
f
o
r
sy
st
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m‐
w
i
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p
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w
e
r
s
y
st
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m
f
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q
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mo
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l
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a
t
i
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mea
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me
n
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d
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t
a
,
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n
g
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e
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ri
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g
R
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s
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v
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l
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2
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n
g
2
.
1
2
4
4
6
.
[
2
]
A
.
N
o
c
h
i
a
n
,
O
.
M
o
h
d
Ta
h
i
r
,
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.
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a
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l
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n
,
a
n
d
A
.
R
.
M
i
k
a
e
i
l
i
,
“
A
R
EV
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O
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S
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TI
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C
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ED
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ELO
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T
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C
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S
ED
LA
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LL
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u
rn
a
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T
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k
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o
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i
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v
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l
.
7
8
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.
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p
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1
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.
1
1
1
1
3
/
j
t
.
v
7
8
.
8
3
1
8
.
[
3
]
A
.
N
o
c
h
i
a
n
,
O
.
M
o
h
d
Ta
h
i
r
,
S
.
M
u
a
l
a
n
a
n
d
D
.
R
u
i
,
“
T
o
w
a
r
d
S
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
l
e
D
e
v
e
l
o
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e
n
t
o
f
a
La
n
d
f
i
l
l
:
La
n
d
f
i
l
l
t
o
La
n
d
sca
p
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o
r
La
n
d
sc
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p
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l
o
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g
w
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h
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a
n
d
f
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l
?
A
R
e
v
i
e
w
,
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e
rt
a
n
i
k
a
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o
u
rn
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l
o
f
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l
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c
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d
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u
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a
n
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s
,
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l
.
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7
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g
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.
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1
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0
1
.
v
1
.
[
4
]
M
.
A
s
a
d
i
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
O
p
t
i
m
a
l
P
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a
c
e
me
n
t
a
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d
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i
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g
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f
C
a
p
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c
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t
o
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a
n
k
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i
n
H
a
r
mo
n
i
c
P
o
l
l
u
t
e
d
D
i
st
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
,
”
i
n
2
0
2
1
I
EE
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T
e
x
a
s
P
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r
a
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En
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rg
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(
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,
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e
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.
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–
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.
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1
.
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2
.
[
5
]
M
.
K
a
r
a
mi
,
N
.
M
a
r
i
u
n
,
K
.
A
b
,
R
.
M
o
h
d
,
a
n
d
N
.
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i
sr
o
n
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
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o
t
o
r
a
sy
mm
e
t
r
y
f
a
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l
t
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n
t
h
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e
e
-
p
h
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s
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l
i
n
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st
a
r
t
p
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r
m
a
n
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n
t
mag
n
e
t
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
m
o
t
o
r
,
”
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a
c
t
a
u
n
i
v
e
rsi
t
a
t
i
s
-
s
e
ri
e
s:
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
a
n
d
E
n
e
rg
e
t
i
c
s
,
v
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l
.
3
4
,
n
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.
4
,
p
p
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4
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–
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2
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i
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1
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.
2
2
9
8
/
F
U
EE
2
1
0
4
4
8
3
K
.
[
6
]
Y
.
H
u
,
Z.
S
u
n
,
L.
C
a
o
,
Y
.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
P
.
P
a
n
,
“
O
p
t
i
mi
z
a
t
i
o
n
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
g
a
s
p
a
t
h
se
n
s
o
r
s
u
si
n
g
a
h
y
b
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met
h
o
d
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
a
b
u
sea
r
c
h
a
r
t
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f
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c
i
a
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e
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o
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o
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a
n
d
i
m
p
r
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v
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d
g
e
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e
t
i
c
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
i
n
t
u
r
b
o
f
a
n
e
n
g
i
n
e
,
”
Ae
r
o
s
p
a
c
e
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
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g
y
,
v
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l
.
1
1
2
,
p
.
1
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6
4
2
,
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a
y
2
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2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
a
s
t
.
2
0
2
1
.
1
0
6
6
4
2
.
[
7
]
A
.
S
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.