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s
s
e
s
o
f
b
illi
o
n
s
o
f
r
u
p
iah
.
An
o
t
h
er
i
m
p
ac
t
is
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
v
er
lo
ad
,
ca
u
s
ed
w
h
e
n
th
e
lo
ad
ex
ce
ed
s
th
e
ca
p
ac
it
y
f
o
r
th
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
.
I
n
d
ee
d
,
th
e
ac
t
o
f
elec
tr
icit
y
th
e
f
t
b
r
in
g
s
h
ar
m
to
o
th
er
p
eo
p
le.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
s
u
c
h
o
v
er
lo
ad
ca
n
ca
u
s
e
s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
it
a
n
d
th
u
s
tr
i
g
g
er
f
ir
e
in
t
h
e
n
e
ig
h
b
o
r
h
o
o
d
s
.
I
t
is
o
b
v
io
u
s
t
h
at
s
u
c
h
ille
g
al
u
s
e
o
f
elec
tr
ic
it
y
h
ar
m
s
o
th
er
p
eo
p
le’
s
r
ig
h
t
s
o
f
b
en
ef
it
tin
g
elec
tr
icit
y
f
ac
ilit
y
i
n
I
n
d
o
n
es
ia.
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
P
L
N
as
t
h
e
au
t
h
o
r
it
y
to
th
i
s
m
atter
h
a
s
b
ee
n
tr
y
i
n
g
o
u
t
a
v
ar
iet
y
o
f
m
et
h
o
d
s
to
p
r
ev
en
t
t
h
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
th
ese
th
e
f
t
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
s
o
cializin
g
a
n
d
r
aid
s
b
y
o
f
f
icer
s
,
s
o
m
e
th
e
f
t
d
etec
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
ar
e
al
s
o
b
ein
g
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
.
W
h
ile
s
o
m
e
m
e
th
o
d
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
v
e
n
to
d
ec
lin
e
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ca
s
es,
s
til
l
s
o
m
e
ca
s
es
ca
n
es
ca
p
e
th
e
s
u
r
v
eilla
n
ce
s
y
s
te
m
s
in
ce
t
h
e
t
h
ef
t
m
et
h
o
d
s
ar
e
also
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
to
b
e
m
o
r
e
s
o
p
h
is
tica
ted
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
t
h
e
i
n
te
llig
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
elec
tr
icit
y
t
h
ef
t
d
etec
to
r
m
o
d
els
o
f
Kir
c
h
o
f
f
C
u
r
r
en
t
L
a
w
A
p
p
r
o
ac
h
A
l
g
o
r
ith
m
at
t
h
e
S
m
ar
t
cit
y
o
r
d
er
in
w
h
ic
h
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
co
m
m
u
n
icati
o
n
an
d
r
ec
ep
tio
n
o
f
d
ata
an
d
ar
e
s
u
f
f
ic
ien
t
a
s
w
e
ll
as
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
is
u
n
in
ter
r
u
p
ted
b
y
ex
ter
n
al
i
n
ter
v
en
t
io
n
,
i
n
clu
d
i
n
g
w
ea
t
h
er
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
d
o
es n
o
t d
ep
en
d
o
n
an
y
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
co
n
ce
r
n
s
m
o
r
e
o
n
th
e
tech
n
ica
l st
u
d
y
o
f
elec
tr
ical
s
y
s
te
m
,
w
h
ic
h
is
th
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
o
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
etec
to
r
.
A
n
o
t
h
er
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
is
w
r
it
te
n
d
escr
ip
tiv
el
y
,
w
h
er
ea
s
it
s
tech
n
ical
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
a
s
ep
ar
ate
p
ap
er
.
2.
RE
VI
E
W
O
F
RE
L
A
T
E
D
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
T
h
is
p
ap
er
em
p
lo
y
s
l
iter
atu
r
e
r
ev
ie
w
b
y
s
t
u
d
y
i
n
g
th
e
r
elate
d
liter
atu
r
e
o
n
elec
tr
icit
y
t
h
e
f
t
d
etec
to
r
s
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
i
n
g
s
u
g
g
e
s
tio
n
s
f
o
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
r
esear
ch
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
a
u
t
h
o
r
s
.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
s
t
h
at
ea
ch
s
y
s
te
m
h
as i
ts
o
w
n
ad
v
an
ta
g
es
an
d
d
is
ad
v
an
ta
g
es i
n
d
etec
ti
n
g
th
e
t
h
e
f
t.
B
ased
o
n
P
o
w
er
L
in
e
C
ar
r
ier
[
7
]
,
w
h
ic
h
is
to
i
n
s
p
ec
t
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
elec
tr
ic
c
u
r
r
en
t d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
m
ea
n
i
n
g
th
at
an
y
ex
ce
s
s
i
v
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
cu
s
to
m
er
ca
n
b
e
d
etec
ted
an
d
ass
u
m
ed
as
th
e
f
t
o
n
t
h
e
lin
e.
T
h
is
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
tr
an
s
m
itter
an
d
r
ec
eiv
er
.
I
n
its
m
a
s
s
i
v
e
ap
p
licatio
n
,
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
is
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
to
g
en
er
ate
s
i
g
n
als
w
it
h
a
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
6
0
/5
0
Hz
w
i
th
a
m
p
l
itu
d
e
o
f
2
2
0
/3
8
0
o
r
2
0
KV,
an
d
i
n
t
h
e
m
o
r
e
ad
v
an
ce
d
r
esear
c
h
it
h
a
s
b
e
en
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
i
t
i
s
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
to
co
n
ce
r
n
o
n
t
h
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
s
i
n
ce
it
is
p
lau
s
ib
le
th
at
n
o
is
e
o
r
in
ter
v
en
t
io
n
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
o
th
er
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
o
cc
u
r
.
Su
ch
r
esear
c
h
h
a
s
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
[
8
]
w
it
h
2
3
0
V/5
0
Hz.
B
ased
o
n
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
e
le
ctr
icit
y
u
s
e
[
9
]
a
d
etec
to
r
p
r
o
t
o
ty
p
e
p
o
s
s
ess
in
g
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
in
g
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
d
etec
tin
g
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
to
e
v
e
r
y
c
u
s
to
m
er
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
w
i
ll
in
d
icate
n
o
r
m
al
i
f
th
e
d
etec
t
ed
cu
r
r
en
t
is
lo
w
er
o
r
eq
u
al
to
th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
,
o
th
er
w
i
s
e
i
f
th
e
d
etec
ted
cu
r
r
en
t
i
s
g
r
ea
ter
th
a
n
t
h
e
allo
w
ed
a
m
o
u
n
t,
t
h
e
to
o
l
w
ill
tr
ig
g
er
a
n
alar
m
f
r
o
m
th
e
b
u
zz
er
as
a
s
ig
n
o
f
elec
tr
icit
y
th
e
f
t.
T
h
er
e
n
ee
d
s
f
o
r
f
u
r
t
h
er
r
esear
ch
o
n
ac
s
u
m
m
atio
n
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
,
f
o
r
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
i
s
s
till
i
n
th
e
s
ta
g
e
o
f
D
C
s
u
m
m
atio
n
th
at
it
h
a
v
e
n
’
t
tell
t
h
e
s
h
if
t
o
f
t
h
e
p
h
a
s
e
an
g
le
o
f
t
h
e
ac
s
o
u
r
ce
.
A
s
i
m
ilar
s
t
u
d
y
h
a
s
b
ee
n
d
o
n
e
b
y
[
1
0
]
.
B
ased
o
n
s
m
ar
t
m
eter
i
n
g
[
1
1
]
-
[
1
6
]
.
I
t
is
p
r
esu
m
ed
t
h
at
th
is
ap
p
licatio
n
is
ab
le
to
p
r
ev
en
t
cu
s
to
m
er
s
f
r
o
m
co
m
m
itti
n
g
s
u
c
h
elec
tr
ic
it
y
t
h
e
f
t
b
ec
a
u
s
e
t
h
e
f
lo
w
o
f
e
lectr
icit
y
m
eter
s
ca
n
b
e
ac
ce
s
s
ed
o
n
lin
e
an
d
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
b
y
a
ce
n
tr
al
s
e
r
v
er
.
I
n
f
ac
t,
s
o
m
e
ir
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
cu
s
to
m
er
s
co
u
ld
s
till
f
i
n
d
a
w
a
y
;
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
is
to
co
n
n
ec
t
t
h
e
ca
b
le
p
r
io
r
to
th
e
k
W
h
m
eter
.
T
h
is
m
ak
e
s
th
e
k
W
h
m
eter
u
n
ab
le
to
d
etec
t a
n
y
i
n
d
icatio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
f
t.
B
ased
o
n
an
au
to
m
atic
s
w
itc
h
ca
lled
E
L
C
B
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
is
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
ab
le
to
co
p
e
w
it
h
elec
t
r
icit
y
t
h
ef
t
e
m
p
lo
y
i
n
g
a
co
m
m
o
n
w
a
y
wh
ich
i
s
tap
p
in
g
(
b
y
p
as
s
)
b
ef
o
r
e
k
W
h
in
eith
er
ca
s
e
o
f
1
-
p
h
ase
o
r
3
-
p
h
ase.
I
t
w
o
r
k
s
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
tia
l
b
y
d
etec
ti
n
g
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
ce
s
o
n
b
o
th
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
en
ts
a
n
d
n
e
u
tr
al
cu
r
r
en
t.
A
t
t
h
e
ti
m
e
o
f
b
y
p
as
s
th
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d
ev
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w
il
l
au
to
m
atica
ll
y
p
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f
o
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m
p
r
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tectio
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;
th
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t
h
e
co
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p
a
n
y
w
ill
n
o
t lo
s
e
to
o
m
u
ch
elec
tr
ical
p
o
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.
Ho
w
ev
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,
f
u
r
th
er
r
esear
c
h
o
n
th
e
r
ea
l
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m
p
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m
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ta
tio
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f
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f
f
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t
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f
f
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en
c
y
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
is
s
t
ill r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
A
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53
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ased
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A
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
2
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8792
IJ
A
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
A
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3
.
I
nte
llig
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Sy
s
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M
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a
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lect
ricit
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T
hef
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Det
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t
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T
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m
p
r
o
p
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is
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m
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k
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u
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o
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to
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ce
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A
l
s
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y
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te
m
i
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u
p
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s
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ch
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lib
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es.
T
h
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w
a
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tar
t
m
ap
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m
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C
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SMP
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T
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B
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Fig
u
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3
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L
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to
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Fig
u
r
e
4
is
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tr
ical
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m
d
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d
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ase
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R
-
N,
S
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T
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N
an
d
t
h
e
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r
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ase.
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u
r
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5
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v
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b
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s
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u
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4
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at
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ase
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y
2
2
0
V
an
d
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tal
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o
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b
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ter
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d
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an
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it
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icati
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tr
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t
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e
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ai
n
m
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ito
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.
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ata
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d
e
d
b
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cr
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ata
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A
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o
r
Stre
et
L
i
g
h
ti
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P
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
A
P
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I
SS
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8792
P
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57
Fig
u
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5
.
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4
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CO
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s
th
e
n
p
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in
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e
m
b
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s
y
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m
.
T
h
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au
th
o
r
u
s
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ith
m
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K
C
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tp
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it
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n
d
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e
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lo
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ter
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e
s
y
s
te
m
w
ill
b
e
ab
le
to
d
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t
th
e
an
o
m
alie
s
.
T
h
er
e
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e
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ev
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al
clai
m
s
o
f
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its
o
n
t
h
e
p
r
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p
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y
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te
m
,
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
1
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
ca
n
m
ea
s
u
r
e
v
o
lta
g
e,
a
c
elec
tr
ic
c
u
r
r
en
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
a
n
d
Φ
p
r
ec
is
el
y
o
n
t
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
o
f
d
is
tr
itb
u
tio
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
a
n
d
o
n
SMP
,
late
r
th
e
d
ata
ca
n
b
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
to
d
etec
t
lo
s
s
es.
2
.
I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
e
lectr
icit
y
,
t
h
er
e
ar
e
t
w
o
t
y
p
es
o
f
lo
s
s
e
s
,
n
a
m
el
y
t
ec
h
n
ica
l
an
d
n
o
n
-
tec
h
n
ical
lo
s
s
es.
T
h
is
s
y
s
te
m
ca
n
d
is
t
in
g
u
is
h
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
ese
t
y
p
es.
I
f
t
h
e
lo
s
s
es
te
n
d
to
b
e
s
tab
le
(
w
it
h
i
n
a
p
er
io
d
o
f
>2
4
h
o
u
r
s
)
ca
n
b
e
ascer
tai
n
ed
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
is
d
u
e
to
tech
n
ica
l
f
ac
to
r
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
tr
ee
b
r
an
ch
es
t
h
at
i
n
ter
f
er
e
w
i
t
h
th
e
w
ir
es,
k
ite
s
tr
i
n
g
,
o
u
td
at
ed
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t,
etc.
W
h
ile
th
e
n
o
n
tec
h
n
ica
l
lo
s
s
es
f
lu
ct
u
ate,
it
m
a
y
b
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
d
ata
f
lo
w
s
e
n
s
o
r
.
3
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
r
ed
u
cin
g
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
co
s
ts
an
d
s
av
in
g
p
h
y
s
ical
e
n
er
g
y
,
th
e
o
f
f
icer
ca
n
q
u
ic
k
l
y
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
to
th
e
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
o
f
lo
s
s
es
as
ar
ea
m
ap
p
in
g
h
as
b
e
en
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
i
n
p
r
io
r
to
t
h
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
.
I
f
lo
s
s
es
o
cc
u
r
i
n
p
h
ase
ar
ea
o
f
R
-
N,
it
ca
n
b
e
ass
u
m
ed
th
at
a
ca
s
e
o
f
elec
tr
icit
y
th
e
f
t
h
a
s
b
ee
n
co
m
m
itted
in
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
cu
s
to
m
er
s
’
ar
ea
.
4
.
Mo
d
er
n
m
o
d
e
s
th
at
h
av
e
b
ee
n
r
ec
e
n
tl
y
f
o
u
n
d
ar
e:
b
y
p
ass
b
e
f
o
r
e
k
W
h
/b
y
p
as
s
o
n
SMP
an
d
J
T
R
/
el
ec
tr
icit
y
s
u
p
p
l
y
f
o
r
h
o
m
e/o
f
f
ice.
B
y
p
as
s
3
p
h
ase
s
u
p
p
l
y
f
o
r
w
o
r
k
s
h
o
p
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t.
B
y
p
a
s
s
f
o
r
P
J
U.
T
h
is
s
y
s
te
m
ca
n
in
d
icate
a
n
y
lo
s
t
o
f
p
o
w
er
co
m
m
it
ted
u
n
d
er
th
e
a
f
o
r
e
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
m
o
d
es.
5
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
is
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
in
r
ea
l
t
i
m
e
f
o
r
2
4
h
o
u
r
s
a
n
d
th
e
d
ata
ar
e
s
to
r
ed
i
n
th
e
d
atab
ase,
s
o
it
m
a
y
n
o
t
escap
e
th
e
s
cr
u
ti
n
y
d
e
s
p
ite
th
e
elec
tr
icit
y
th
e
f
t
i
s
d
o
n
e
at
n
i
g
h
t
an
d
i
t
ca
n
ec
o
n
o
m
ize
t
h
e
co
m
p
a
n
y
b
u
d
g
et
f
o
r
elec
tr
icit
y
t
h
e
f
t
b
ec
au
s
e
a
n
y
in
d
icate
d
ca
s
es
ca
n
b
e
s
o
lv
ed
i
m
m
ed
iatel
y
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
s
tu
d
ie
s
w
ill co
n
ce
r
n
th
eo
r
y
ap
p
licatio
n
a
n
d
s
y
s
te
m
d
esig
n
i
n
p
r
o
to
ty
p
es.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Da
h
lan
,
“
A
k
ib
a
t
Ke
t
id
a
k
s
e
i
m
b
a
n
g
a
n
Be
b
a
n
T
e
rh
a
d
a
p
A
ru
s
Ne
tr
a
l
d
a
n
L
o
ss
e
sp
a
d
a
T
ra
n
s
f
o
r
m
a
to
r
Distrib
u
si,”J
.
S
a
in
s d
a
n
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i,
p
p
.
1
-
7
,
2
0
0
9
.
[2
]
B.
Da
n
g
a
r
a
n
d
S
.
K.
Jo
sh
i
,
“
E
lec
tricity
th
e
ft
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
fo
r
me
ter
e
d
p
o
we
r
c
o
n
su
m
e
r
in
GU
VNL
,
Gu
ja
ra
t
,
In
d
i
a
,
”
P
ro
c
.
o
f
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
ste
m
Co
n
f
.
(P
S
C),
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
M
a
rc
h
2
0
1
5
.
[3
]
J.
Na
g
i,
K.S
.
Y
a
p
,
F
.
Na
g
i,
S
.
K.
T
io
n
g
,
S
.
P
.
Ko
h
,
“
N
T
L
De
tec
ti
o
n
o
f
El
e
c
tricity
T
h
e
ft
a
n
d
Ab
n
o
rm
a
li
ti
e
sfo
r
L
a
rg
e
Po
we
r
Co
n
su
me
rs
In
T
NB
M
a
la
y
sia
,
”
P
r
o
c
.
o
f
IEE
E
S
t
u
d
e
n
t
C
o
n
f
.
o
n
Re
se
a
rc
h
a
n
d
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
(S
CORe
d
),
p
p
.
202
-
2
0
6
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
0
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8792
IJ
A
P
E
Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
1
,
A
p
r
il
2
0
1
6
:
51
–
58
58
[4
]
A
.
Ch
a
u
h
a
n
a
n
d
S
.
Ra
jv
a
n
sh
i,
“
No
n
-
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
L
o
ss
e
s
in
Po
we
r
S
y
ste
m:
A
Rev
iew”,
P
ro
c
.
o
f
In
t.
Co
n
f
o
n
P
o
w
e
r,
En
e
rg
y
a
n
d
Co
n
tro
l
(IC
P
EC),
p
p
.
5
5
8
-
5
6
1
,
F
e
b
r
u
a
ry
2
0
1
3
.
[5
]
R.
Jia
n
g
,
R.
L
u
,
Y.
W
a
n
g
,
J.
L
u
o
,
C.
S
h
e
n
,
a
n
d
X
.
S
h
e
n
,
“
En
e
rg
y
T
h
e
f
t
De
tec
ti
o
n
Iss
u
e
s
f
o
r
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
M
e
terin
g
In
f
ra
stru
c
tu
re
in
S
m
a
rt
G
rid
”
,
T
si
n
g
h
u
a
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
V
o
l
.
1
9
(2
)
,
p
p
.
1
0
5
-
1
2
0
,
A
p
ril
2
0
1
4
.
[6
]
A
.
R.
De
v
id
a
s
a
n
d
M
.
V
.
Ra
m
e
sh
,
“
Po
we
r
T
h
e
ft
De
tec
ti
o
n
i
n
M
icr
o
g
rid
s
,
”
P
ro
c
.
o
f
In
t.
Co
n
f
.
o
n
S
m
a
rt
Cit
ies
a
n
d
G
re
e
n
ICT
S
y
ste
m
s (S
M
A
R
TG
R
EE
NS),
p
p
.
1
-
8
,
M
a
y
2
0
1
5
[7
]
M
.
A
rih
u
to
m
o
,
M
.
Riv
a
i
a
n
d
S
u
w
it
o
, “
S
istem
M
o
n
it
o
r
in
g
A
ru
s L
istr
ik
Ja
la
-
Ja
l
a
M
e
n
g
g
u
n
a
k
a
n
P
o
w
e
r
L
in
e
Ca
rrier”
.
J.
T
e
k
n
ik
P
OMIT
S
,
Vo
l.
1
(
1
)
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
2
0
1
2
[8
]
A
.
V
.
Cris
to
p
h
e
r,
G
.
S
w
a
m
in
a
th
a
n
,
M
.
S
u
b
ra
m
a
n
ian
a
n
d
P
.
T
h
a
n
g
a
ra
j,
“
Distrib
u
ti
o
n
L
in
e
M
o
n
i
to
rin
g
S
y
ste
m
fo
r
th
e
De
tec
ti
o
n
o
f
Po
we
r
T
h
e
ft
u
s
in
g
P
o
we
r
L
in
e
C
o
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
,
”
P
ro
c
.
o
f
IEE
E
Co
n
f
.
o
n
En
e
r
g
y
Co
n
v
e
rsio
n
(CENCON
),
p
p
.
1
3
-
1
4
,
Oc
to
b
e
r
2
0
1
4
[9
]
A
.
D.
Kh
a
ris
m
a
,
“
De
t
e
k
to
r
P
e
n
c
u
ri
a
n
A
ru
s
L
istri
k
p
a
d
a
P
e
lan
g
g
a
n
P
L
N”
.
F
in
a
l
P
r
o
jec
t
in
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
D
e
p
a
rte
m
e
n
t
o
f
S
tate
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
M
a
lan
g
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
0
]
L
.
Ch
e
n
,
X
.
X
u
,
C.
W
a
n
g
,
“
Re
se
a
rc
h
o
n
An
ti
-
e
lec
tricity
S
tea
li
n
g
M
e
th
o
d
B
a
se
o
n
S
ta
te
Esti
ma
ti
o
n
,
”
P
r
o
c
.
o
f
P
o
w
e
r
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
A
u
to
m
a
ti
o
n
C
o
n
f
.
(
P
EA
M
),
p
p
.
4
1
3
-
4
1
6
,
S
e
p
tem
b
e
r
2
0
1
1
.
[1
1
]
S
.
K.
Re
d
d
y
,
P
.
M
u
sta
f
a
a
n
d
K.
S
a
k
th
id
h
a
sa
n
.
“
Eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
A
n
ti
-
El
e
c
tri
c
it
y
S
t
e
a
li
n
g
w
it
h
Re
m
o
te
M
o
n
i
to
ri
n
g
,
”
In
t.
J.
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Re
se
a
r
c
h
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s (IJE
RA
),
V
o
l.
1
(2
)
,
p
p
.
2
4
1
-
2
4
5
.
[1
2
]
M
.
A
n
a
s,
N.
J
a
v
a
id
,
A
.
M
a
h
m
o
o
d
,
S
.
M
.
Ra
z
a
,
U.
Qa
si
m
,
Z.
A
.
K
h
a
n
,
“
M
in
imizi
n
g
El
e
c
tricity
T
h
e
ft
u
sin
g
S
ma
r
t
M
e
ter
s in
AM
I,
”
7
t
h
Co
n
f
.
o
n
P
2
P
,
1
7
6
-
1
8
2
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
3
]
S
.
S
a
h
o
o
,
D.
Nik
o
v
sk
i,
T
.
M
u
so
,
K.
T
su
ru
,
“
El
e
c
tricity t
h
e
ft
d
e
tec
t
io
n
u
sin
g
sm
a
rt me
ter
d
a
ta
,
”
P
r
o
c
.
o
f
In
n
o
v
a
ti
v
e
S
m
a
rt
G
rid
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
Co
n
f
.
(I
S
GT
),
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
F
e
b
r
u
a
ry
2
0
1
5
[1
4
]
U.
Ha
sm
i,
J.
G
.
P
ri
o
lk
a
r,
“
An
ti
-
th
e
ft
En
e
rg
y
M
e
ter
in
g
f
o
r
S
m
a
rt
El
e
c
trica
lDistrib
u
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m,”
P
ro
c
.
o
f
In
t.
Co
n
f
.
o
n
I
n
d
u
strial
I
n
stru
m
e
n
tatio
n
a
n
d
Co
n
tr
o
l
(ICIC),
p
p
.
1
4
2
4
-
1
4
2
8
,
M
a
y
2
0
1
5
.
[1
5
]
G
.
L
.
P
ra
sh
a
n
t
h
i,
K
.
V.
P
ra
sa
d
,
“
W
irele
ss
p
o
we
r
m
e
ter
m
o
n
it
o
rin
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th
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tec
ti
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ti
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m
u
sin
g
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S
M
a
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d
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g
b
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tw
o
rk
s”
,
IOSR
J.
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
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g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
V
o
l.
9
(6
.
1
)
,
p
p
.
4
-
8
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
6
]
F
a
tah
u
la
&
Re
f
ir
m
a
n
,
“
Pen
g
g
u
n
a
a
n
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wa
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g
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s
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o
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(
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i
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ro
c
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o
f
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e
m
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a
r
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o
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p
p
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4
7
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1
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c
e
m
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1
3
.
[1
7
]
A
.
Z.
Zak
a
ri
y
a
,
A
.
D
ju
n
ied
y
.
,
R.
P
.
Ku
su
m
a
w
a
rd
h
a
n
i.
“
P
e
m
b
u
a
tan
A
p
li
k
a
si
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n
d
e
tek
si
A
n
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m
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istri
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l
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m
a
Kla
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rb
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sis
De
n
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it
a
s,”J
.
T
e
k
n
ik
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OMIT
S
,
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l.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
8
]
S
u
ji
t
o
,
“
El
e
c
tricity
Us
a
g
e
M
o
n
i
t
o
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g
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s
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u
p
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a
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rly
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tec
ti
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mT
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ft
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re
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e
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c
tricity
wit
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lp
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i
7
.
0
”
.
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r
o
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.
o
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tri
c
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l
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f
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rm
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ti
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s an
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it
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c
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n
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)
,
p
p
.
INT
A
1
-
A6
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
9
]
R.
Am
a
rn
a
th
,
N.
Ka
laiv
a
n
i
a
n
d
V.
P
riy
a
n
k
a
,
“
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v
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n
ti
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f
P
o
w
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r
Bl
a
c
k
o
u
t
a
n
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o
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h
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ft
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sin
g
I
ED,
”
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ro
c
.
o
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lo
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a
l
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m
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it
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rian
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e
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h
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n
f
.
(G
H
T
C),
p
p
.
8
2
-
8
6
,
Oc
to
b
e
r
2
0
1
3
.
[2
0
]
O.
Kre
jca
r
a
n
d
R
.
F
risc
h
e
r,
“
Re
a
l
T
i
m
e
V
o
lt
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g
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n
d
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rre
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se
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h
if
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n
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ly
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e
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w
e
r
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a
v
in
g
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
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n
s,
”
S
e
n
so
rs,
V
o
l.
1
2
(
8
),
p
p
.
1
1
3
9
1
-
1
1
4
0
5
,
2
0
1
2
.
[2
1
]
R.
E.
S
in
a
g
a
,
P
a
n
u
su
r
S
.
M
.
L
.
T
o
b
in
g
.
“
S
tu
d
i
T
e
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tan
g
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n
g
u
k
u
ra
n
P
a
ra
m
e
ter
T
ra
f
o
Distrib
u
siDe
n
g
a
n
M
e
n
g
g
u
n
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k
a
n
(EM
T
)
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
&
Da
ta T
ra
n
s
m
it
.
”
J
.
S
in
g
u
d
a
E
n
sik
o
m
,
V
o
l.
8
(
3
),
p
p
.
1
2
2
-
1
3
3
,
2
0
1
4
.
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