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Dec
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286
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h
e
in
p
u
t
d
c
s
o
u
r
ce
(
f
r
o
m
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
)
an
d
in
v
er
ter
b
r
id
g
e.
T
h
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
,
co
m
p
r
is
in
g
s
y
m
m
etr
icall
y
p
lace
d
p
ass
iv
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
v
iz
i
n
d
u
cto
r
s
an
d
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
,
s
er
v
es
m
ai
n
l
y
to
ac
c
u
m
u
late
i
n
d
u
ct
iv
e
e
n
er
g
y
d
u
r
in
g
u
n
iq
u
e
s
h
o
o
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
i
n
ter
v
al
b
ef
o
r
e
r
elea
s
in
g
t
h
at
en
er
g
y
f
o
r
b
o
o
s
tin
g
th
e
i
n
v
er
ter
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
lt
ag
e
i
n
th
e
r
e
m
ain
in
g
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
a
s
w
itc
h
in
g
p
er
io
d
.
Var
ian
ts
in
Z
SI
a
r
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
y
v
ar
io
u
s
r
es
ea
r
ch
er
s
o
v
er
t
h
e
y
ea
r
s
[6
-
8
]
.
Qu
asi
Z
SI
i
s
a
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
d
er
iv
ati
v
e
o
f
Z
SI
w
h
ic
h
m
ai
n
tai
n
s
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
i
n
p
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t,
le
s
s
v
o
ltag
e
s
tr
ess
ac
r
o
s
s
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t,
an
d
h
a
v
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
p
ass
iv
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
r
atin
g
s
.
Z
s
o
u
r
ce
en
er
g
y
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
to
v
ar
io
u
s
in
v
er
ter
s
h
a
s
b
ee
n
w
o
r
k
ed
o
u
t
w
i
th
d
if
f
er
en
t
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
ch
e
m
es
w
it
h
L
C
L
f
ilter
ar
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
[
9
,
1
0
]
.
Selectio
n
o
f
p
o
w
er
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
d
ev
ice
s
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
t
h
e
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
d
esig
n
ed
in
v
er
ter
s
y
s
te
m
w
i
th
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
lo
s
s
e
s
,
lo
w
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
a
n
d
s
el
f
d
is
c
h
ar
g
e
lo
s
s
es
at
o
p
ti
m
a
l
s
w
itc
h
in
g
s
p
ee
d
,
ef
f
ec
ti
v
en
e
s
s
in
ter
m
s
o
f
d
ev
ice
f
ail
u
r
e
as r
ep
o
r
ted
in
[
1
1
-
1
3
]
.
C
o
m
b
i
n
in
g
t
h
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
a
n
d
p
r
o
p
er
ties
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
ab
o
v
e,
a
th
r
ee
le
v
el
s
i
n
g
le
p
h
ase
n
e
u
tr
al
p
o
in
t
cla
m
p
ed
(
NP
C
)
q
u
asi
Z
So
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
w
h
ic
h
u
tili
s
e
s
t
w
o
b
asic
q
u
asi
Z
s
o
u
r
ce
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
i
n
a
s
y
m
m
etr
ical
f
as
h
io
n
h
as
b
ee
n
w
o
r
k
ed
o
u
t
i
n
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
is
NP
C
q
u
asi
Z
SI
u
tili
ze
s
f
o
u
r
i
n
d
u
ct
o
r
s
,
f
o
u
r
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
an
d
t
w
o
d
io
d
es
in
th
e
in
ter
m
e
d
iate
n
et
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
s
in
g
le
s
ta
g
e
b
o
o
s
t
m
o
d
e
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
as
w
ell
as
to
g
iv
e
a
th
r
ee
lev
el
AC
o
u
tp
u
t.T
h
e
o
v
er
all
e
f
f
icien
c
y
o
f
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
te
m
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
s
elec
ted
i
n
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
an
d
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
ch
e
m
e
to
g
et
h
er
w
it
h
lo
s
s
m
ec
h
an
i
s
m
s
an
d
g
r
id
co
d
es
as
d
e
f
i
n
ed
b
y
I
E
E
E
/I
E
C
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
a
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
t
h
r
ee
lev
el
n
eu
tr
al
p
o
in
t
cla
m
p
ed
q
u
asi
Z
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
(
3
P
/3
L
NP
C
q
Z
SI)
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
I
t
is
a
co
m
b
in
at
io
n
o
f
q
u
asi
Z
s
o
u
r
ce
n
et
w
o
r
k
an
d
th
r
ee
lev
el
n
e
u
tr
al
p
o
in
t
clam
p
ed
in
v
er
ter
.
I
t
ca
n
ev
e
n
l
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
lo
s
s
e
s
a
m
o
n
g
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
d
ev
ices
b
y
s
elec
ti
n
g
t
h
e
u
p
p
er
o
r
lo
w
er
NP
C
p
ath
s
,
lead
in
g
to
a
s
u
b
s
ta
n
tia
l
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
t
h
e
i
n
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
e
r
.
I
t
ca
n
b
u
c
k
a
n
d
b
o
o
s
t
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
d
c
v
o
lta
g
e
w
it
h
s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
it
i
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
an
d
p
o
s
s
ess
h
i
g
h
en
er
g
y
d
en
s
it
y
.
3
P
/3
L
NP
C
q
Z
SI
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
t
w
o
q
u
a
s
i
Z
(
q
Z
S
)
n
et
w
o
r
k
w
h
ic
h
co
n
ta
in
s
4
in
d
u
cto
r
s
(
L
1
-
L
4
)
,
4
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
(
C
1
-
C
4
)
to
b
o
o
s
t
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
d
c
v
o
ltag
e
to
a
h
ig
h
er
d
c
v
o
ltag
e
w
it
h
r
ed
u
ce
d
Z
s
o
u
r
ce
n
et
w
o
r
k
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
o
ltag
e
s
tr
ess
a
n
d
also
i
n
h
ib
it
t
h
e
s
tar
t
in
g
i
n
r
u
s
h
c
u
r
r
en
t
.
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
cir
cu
it
o
f
3
P
/3
L
N
P
C
q
Z
SI
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
1
2
s
w
itc
h
es,
6
cla
m
p
in
g
d
io
d
es
an
d
2
b
alan
ci
n
g
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
(C
b1
an
d
C
b2
)
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
w
it
h
s
i
n
g
le
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
e
n
er
g
i
s
ed
p
r
ef
er
ab
l
y
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
te
m
.
R
est
o
f
t
h
e
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
llo
ws.
Op
er
atio
n
al
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
w
it
h
m
at
h
e
m
atica
l
v
alid
atio
n
i
s
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
s
ec
tio
n
2
,
Si
m
u
latio
n
an
d
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
r
esu
lts
ar
e
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
i
n
s
ec
tio
n
3
an
d
4
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
a
n
d
p
ap
er
is
en
d
ed
w
it
h
a
co
n
clu
s
io
n
i
n
s
ec
t
io
n
5
.
2.
O
P
E
RAT
I
O
NAL
ANAL
YSI
S O
F
T
H
E
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
T
O
P
O
L
O
G
Y
T
h
e
g
en
er
al
cir
cu
it
o
f
3
P
/3
L
NP
C
q
Z
SI
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
r
ea
lized
f
r
o
m
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
ca
n
b
e
s
p
litt
ed
i
n
to
t
wo
d
c
s
o
u
r
ce
s
b
y
co
n
n
ec
t
in
g
t
wo
s
er
ies
co
n
n
ec
ted
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
.
By
e
m
p
lo
y
in
g
q
Z
S
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
co
m
b
in
ed
d
c
v
o
lta
g
e
is
b
o
o
s
ted
u
p
an
d
f
ed
i
n
to
th
e
NP
C
cir
c
u
itr
y
w
h
ich
all
o
w
s
th
e
i
n
v
er
ter
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
r
ee
d
is
tin
ct
v
o
lta
g
e
lev
els
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
ea
ch
p
h
ase
leg
.
I
t
h
as
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
es
s
u
c
h
as
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
in
p
u
t
cu
r
r
e
n
t,
lo
w
er
v
o
lta
g
e
s
t
r
ess
ac
r
o
s
s
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
s
,
lo
w
er
v
o
lta
g
e
b
lo
ck
i
n
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
,
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
d
v
/d
t,
o
p
er
ates
at
h
i
g
h
er
s
w
i
tch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
d
u
e
to
lo
w
er
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
lo
s
s
e
s
,
p
o
s
s
ib
ili
t
y
to
u
s
e
s
h
o
o
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
,
b
alan
ce
d
n
eu
tr
al
p
o
in
t
v
o
ltag
e
,
r
ed
u
ce
d
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
o
ltag
e
s
tr
ess
,
i
n
h
er
e
n
t
i
n
r
u
s
h
c
u
r
r
en
t
li
m
itatio
n
an
d
b
etter
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
I
t
h
as
b
etter
eli
m
i
n
atio
n
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
co
m
m
o
n
m
o
d
e
lea
k
a
g
e
c
u
r
r
en
t,
s
o
n
o
ad
d
itio
n
al
co
m
m
o
n
m
o
d
e
f
ilter
s
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
Du
e
to
th
e
ab
o
v
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es,
th
i
s
in
v
er
ter
is
esp
ec
ial
l
y
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
P
V
sy
s
te
m
s
,
w
h
er
e
s
u
p
er
io
r
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
ab
ilit
y
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
in
t
tr
ac
k
in
g
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
T
h
e
s
ch
e
m
atic
o
f
t
h
r
ee
p
h
ase
th
r
ee
le
v
el
n
eu
tr
al
p
o
in
t
cla
m
p
ed
in
v
er
ter
(
3
P
/3
L
NP
C
i
n
v
er
ter
)
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
I
t
co
n
tain
s
f
o
u
r
s
w
it
c
h
es
(
S
X1
,
S
X2
,
S
X3
,
S
X4
,
)
in
ea
ch
le
g
(
X
=
A
,
B
an
d
C
)
an
d
t
w
o
d
io
d
es
(D
X1
,
D
X2
)
clam
p
ed
to
th
e
m
i
d
p
o
in
t
o
f
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
(
X
=
A
,
B
an
d
C
)
.
Fo
r
p
h
ase
A
,
g
at
in
g
s
ig
n
al
s
o
f
s
w
itc
h
es
S
A3
an
d
S
A4
ar
e
i
n
co
m
p
le
m
e
n
tar
y
to
S
A1
an
d
S
A2,
w
h
ic
h
is
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
i
n
o
th
er
r
e
m
ai
n
i
n
g
le
g
s
.
He
n
ce
,
th
er
e
ar
e
j
u
s
t
t
w
o
s
ep
ar
ate
p
u
ls
e
s
to
co
m
m
an
d
th
o
s
e
f
o
u
r
s
w
i
tch
e
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
p
h
ase
leg
.
E
ac
h
b
r
an
ch
o
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I
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281
3.
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I
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I
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8792
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d
p
o
w
e
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
f
o
r
re
n
e
w
a
b
le
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
"
Ren
e
wa
b
le
a
n
d
S
u
st
a
in
a
b
le
En
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
,
v
o
l.
8
2
,
p
p
.
n
o
.
3
3
7
9
-
3
3
9
9
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
]
P
e
e
y
u
sh
Ka
la,
S
u
d
h
a
A
ro
ra
,
"
A
c
o
m
p
re
h
e
n
siv
e
stu
d
y
o
f
c
la
ss
ic
a
l
a
n
d
h
y
b
rid
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
in
v
e
rter
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
f
o
r
re
n
e
wa
b
le en
e
rg
y
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
"
Ren
e
wa
b
le
a
n
d
S
u
sta
in
a
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
,
v
o
l.
7
6
,
p
p
.
n
o
.
9
0
5
-
9
3
1
,
2
0
1
7
.
[3
]
V
.
S
a
ra
v
a
n
a
n
,
M
.
A
ra
v
in
d
a
n
,
V
.
Ba
laji,
M
.
A
ru
m
u
g
a
m
,
"
S
tatu
s
o
f
S
o
lar P
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
S
y
s
te
m
s
in
In
d
ia”
in
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
S
e
m
in
a
r
o
n
E
m
e
r
g
in
g
En
e
rg
y
S
c
e
n
a
rio
in
In
d
ia
-
Iss
u
e
s,
Ch
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s an
d
W
a
y
F
o
r
w
a
rd
,
(NL
CI
L
-
N
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
e
m
in
a
r
2
0
1
8
),
L
e
a
rn
in
g
a
n
d
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
Ce
n
ter,
NL
C
IND
I
A
L
IM
IT
ED
(F
o
r
m
e
rl
y
Ne
y
v
e
li
L
ig
n
it
e
Co
rp
o
ra
ti
o
n
L
i
m
it
e
d
),
Blo
c
k
-
2
0
,
Ne
y
v
e
li
,
T
a
m
il
n
a
d
u
.
(p
g
.
n
o
.
1
8
9
t
o
1
9
8
,
Re
n
e
wa
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
S
e
c
ti
o
n
),
2
0
-
2
2
J
a
n
u
a
ry
2
0
1
8
.
[4
]
No
r
S
h
a
h
i
d
a
Ha
sa
n
,
No
rz
a
n
a
h
Ro
sm
in
,
D
y
g
k
u
.
A
s
m
a
n
issa
Aw
g
.
Os
m
a
n
,
Ae
d
e
Ha
ti
b
M
u
sta
’a
m
a
l@J
a
m
a
l,
"
Re
v
i
e
w
s
o
n
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
c
o
n
v
e
rte
r
a
n
d
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
,
"
R
e
n
e
wa
b
le
a
n
d
S
u
sta
in
a
b
le
En
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
,
v
o
l.
8
0
,
p
p
.
n
o
.
1
6
3
-
1
7
4
,
2
0
1
7
.
[5
]
Jo
se
Ro
d
rig
u
e
z
,
S
tef
f
e
n
Be
rn
e
t,
P
e
ter
K.
S
teim
e
r,
Ig
n
a
c
io
E.
L
iza
m
a
,
"
A
su
rv
e
y
o
n
Ne
u
tral
P
o
in
t
Clam
p
e
d
In
v
e
rters
,
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
In
d
u
stria
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l
.
5
7
,
n
o
.
7
,
2
2
1
9
-
2
2
3
0
,
J
u
ly
2
0
1
0
.
[6
]
Eb
ra
h
im
b
a
b
a
e
i
,
Hith
a
m
A
b
u
-
Ru
b
,
Hi
ra
lal
M
.
S
u
ry
a
w
a
n
sh
i
,
"
Z
S
o
u
rc
e
Co
n
v
e
rters
:
T
o
p
o
l
o
g
ies
,
M
o
d
u
lati
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s,
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
-
P
a
rt
I
,
"
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
st
ria
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
6
5
,
n
o.
6
,
p
p
.
5
0
9
2
-
5
0
9
5
,
2
0
1
8
.
[7
]
Ya
m
P
.
S
iw
a
k
o
ti
,
F
a
n
g
Zh
e
n
g
P
e
n
g
,
F
re
d
e
Blaa
b
jerg
,
P
o
h
C
h
ian
g
L
o
h
,
a
n
d
G
ra
h
a
m
E.
T
o
w
n
,
"
I
m
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
S
o
u
rc
e
Ne
tw
o
rk
s
f
o
r
El
e
c
tri
c
P
o
w
e
r
Co
n
v
e
rsi
o
n
P
a
rt
I:
A
T
o
p
o
l
o
g
ica
l
Re
v
ie
w
,
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
3
0
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
6
9
9
-
7
1
6
,
2
0
1
5
.
[8
]
Ya
m
P
.
S
iw
a
k
o
ti
,
F
a
n
g
Z
h
e
n
g
P
e
n
g
,
F
re
d
e
B
laa
b
jerg
,
P
o
h
Ch
i
a
n
g
L
o
h
,
G
ra
h
a
m
E.
T
o
w
n
,
S
h
u
i
tao
Ya
n
g
,
"
I
m
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
S
o
u
rc
e
Ne
tw
o
rk
s
fo
r
El
e
c
tri
c
P
o
w
e
r
Co
n
v
e
rsio
n
P
a
rt
II
:
Re
v
iew
o
f
Co
n
t
ro
l
a
n
d
M
o
d
u
latio
n
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
,
"
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
3
0
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
8
8
7
-
1
9
0
6
,
2
0
1
5
.
[9
]
Ne
g
a
r
No
ro
o
z
i,
M
o
h
a
m
m
a
d
Re
z
a
Zo
lg
h
a
d
ri
,
"
T
h
re
e
P
h
a
se
Qu
a
si
Z
S
o
u
rc
e
In
v
e
rter
w
it
h
Co
n
sta
n
t
Co
m
m
o
n
M
o
d
e
V
o
l
ta
g
e
f
o
r
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
A
p
p
li
c
a
t
io
n
,
"
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
In
d
u
s
tria
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
6
5
,
n
o.
6
,
p
p
.
4
7
9
0
-
4
7
9
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
0
]
Ya
n
ju
n
S
h
i
,
T
h
ierry
Ka
y
iran
g
a
,
Yu
a
n
L
i
,
Hu
i
L
i
,
"
Ex
p
lo
ri
n
g
th
e
L
C
L
Ch
a
ra
c
teristics
in
G
a
N
b
a
se
d
S
i
n
g
le
L
Qu
a
si
Z
S
o
u
rc
e
G
rid
T
ied
In
v
e
rters
,
"
IE
EE
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
I
n
d
u
stria
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
6
4
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
7
7
5
8
-
7
7
6
8
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
1
]
A
h
m
a
d
S
y
e
d
,
T
a
r
a
Ka
l
y
a
n
i
S
a
n
d
i
p
a
m
u
,
F
re
d
d
y
Tan
Kh
e
n
g
S
u
a
n
,
"
Hig
h
-
e
ff
icie
n
c
y
n
e
u
tral
p
o
i
n
t
c
lam
p
e
d
tran
sf
o
r
m
e
rles
s
M
OSF
ET
in
v
e
r
te
r
f
o
r
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
a
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
"
IET
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
4
6
-
2
5
2
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
2
]
X
ib
o
Y
u
a
n
,
Ni
a
ll
Os
w
a
ld
,
a
n
d
P
h
il
ip
M
e
ll
o
r
,
"
S
u
p
e
r
ju
n
c
ti
o
n
M
OS
F
ET
s
in
V
o
lt
a
g
e
-
S
o
u
rc
e
T
h
re
e
Lev
e
l
Co
n
v
e
rters
:
Ex
p
e
rim
e
n
tal
In
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
o
f
Dy
n
a
m
i
c
Be
h
a
v
io
r
a
n
d
S
w
it
c
h
in
g
L
o
ss
e
s
,
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
3
0
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
6
4
9
5
-
6
5
0
1
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
3
]
Ne
v
il
le
M
c
Ne
il
l,
X
i
b
o
Yu
a
n
,
a
n
d
P
h
il
ip
A
n
th
o
n
y
,
"
Hig
h
Eff
ic
ien
c
y
NP
C
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
Co
n
v
e
rt
e
r
Us
in
g
S
u
p
e
r
Ju
n
c
ti
o
n
M
O
S
F
ET
s
,
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
In
d
u
stri
a
l
E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
6
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
3
-
3
7
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
4
]
Hu
se
v
,
O.,
Ro
n
c
e
ro
-
Clem
e
n
te,
C
.
,
Ro
m
e
r
o
-
Ca
d
a
v
a
,
E.
,
a
n
d
V
in
n
i
k
o
v
,
D,
"
S
in
g
le
p
h
a
se
th
re
e
l
e
v
e
l
n
e
u
tral
p
o
in
t
c
la
m
p
e
d
q
u
a
si Z
so
u
rc
e
i
n
v
e
rter
,
"
IET
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
0
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
5
]
De
q
in
g
Yu
,
Qim
in
g
Ch
e
n
g
,
J
ie
G
a
o
,
F
e
n
g
re
n
T
a
n
,
Yu
Zh
a
n
g
,
"
T
h
re
e
le
v
e
l
n
e
u
tral
p
o
in
t
c
lam
p
e
d
q
u
a
si
Z
so
u
rc
e
in
v
e
rter w
it
h
re
d
u
c
e
d
Z
s
o
u
rc
e
c
a
p
a
c
it
o
r
v
o
lt
a
g
e
,
"
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l.
5
3
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
8
5
-
1
8
7
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
6
]
Ole
k
sa
n
d
r
Hu
se
v
,
Ca
rl
o
s
Ro
n
c
e
ro
Clem
e
n
te,
En
riq
u
e
Ro
m
e
ro
Ca
d
a
v
a
l,
D
m
it
ri
V
in
n
ik
o
v
,
T
a
n
e
l
Ja
lak
a
s
,
"
T
h
re
e
lev
e
l
th
re
e
p
h
a
se
q
u
a
si
Z
so
u
rc
e
n
e
u
tral
p
o
i
n
t
c
lam
p
e
d
in
v
e
rter
with
n
o
v
e
l
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
"
El
e
c
tric P
o
we
r S
y
st
e
ms
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
1
3
0
,
p
p
.
10
-
2
1
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
7
]
P
o
h
C
h
ian
g
L
o
h
,
Blaa
b
jerg
F
,
C
h
o
w
P
a
n
g
W
o
n
g
,
"
Co
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
p
u
lse
w
id
th
m
o
d
u
lati
o
n
stra
teg
ies
f
o
r
Z
S
o
u
rc
e
Ne
u
tral
P
o
i
n
t
Clam
p
e
d
In
v
e
rter
,
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
2
2
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
0
0
5
-
1
0
1
3
,
2
0
0
7
.
[1
8
]
P
o
h
Ch
ia
n
g
L
o
h
,
F
e
n
g
G
a
o
,
B
laa
b
jerg
,
F
,
S
h
i
Yu
n
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