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Dec
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2015
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p
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I
SS
N:
2252
-
8792
126
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In
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d
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m
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p
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[
1
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.
I
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s
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1
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
A
P
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I
SS
N:
2252
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8792
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ac
to
r
y
h
i
g
h
v
o
ltag
e
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t.
P
ar
ticu
la
r
l
y
,
th
er
e
i
s
a
n
ee
d
f
o
r
d
ev
e
lo
p
in
g
a
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
co
m
p
ac
t
d
ev
ic
es
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
o
r
ies,
f
o
r
b
o
th
o
u
td
o
o
r
an
d
in
d
o
o
r
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
,
i
n
w
h
ic
h
n
o
v
el
an
d
m
o
r
e
r
eliab
le
in
s
u
latio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
w
il
l
p
la
y
th
e
k
e
y
r
o
le.
Nan
o
-
m
ater
ial
s
,
in
f
o
r
m
o
f
p
o
ly
m
er
ic
n
an
o
co
m
p
o
s
i
te
s
,
ar
e
f
o
r
eseen
as
ex
ce
lle
n
t
ca
n
d
id
ates
ab
le
to
f
u
lf
i
ll
t
h
e
n
e
w
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
.
Nan
o
-
f
iller
-
f
illed
p
o
l
y
m
er
s
m
i
g
h
t
b
e
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
tiated
f
r
o
m
m
icr
o
-
f
iller
-
f
illed
p
o
ly
m
er
s
i
n
t
h
r
ee
m
aj
o
r
asp
e
cts
th
a
t
th
e
n
a
n
o
co
m
p
o
s
ite
s
n
o
r
m
al
l
y
co
n
tai
n
s
m
aller
a
m
o
u
n
ts
,
ar
e
i
n
r
an
g
e
o
f
n
an
o
-
m
eter
s
i
n
s
ize
an
d
h
av
e
tr
e
m
en
d
o
u
s
l
y
lar
g
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
s
u
r
f
ac
e
ar
ea
.
A
ll
th
e
s
e
ch
ar
ac
te
r
is
tics
ar
e
r
ef
lecte
d
in
th
e
ir
m
ater
ial
p
r
o
p
er
ties
[
1
3
-
1
8
]
.
P
o
ly
m
er
n
a
n
o
co
m
p
o
s
ite
f
il
m
s
h
a
v
e
attr
ac
ted
w
id
e
in
ter
est
w
it
h
r
eg
ar
d
to
en
h
an
c
in
g
p
o
ly
m
er
p
r
o
p
er
ties
an
d
ex
ten
d
i
n
g
th
eir
u
tili
t
y
in
r
ec
e
n
t
y
ea
r
s
.
T
h
e
n
an
o
co
m
p
o
s
i
te
m
a
ter
ial
w
h
ic
h
t
h
e
n
a
n
o
p
ar
ticles
ar
e
ev
en
l
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
in
th
e
p
o
ly
m
er
m
ater
ial
attr
ac
ts
a
tten
tio
n
as
a
n
i
n
s
u
lati
n
g
m
a
ter
ial
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
th
e
o
r
ig
i
n
al
m
a
ter
ial
ca
n
b
e
d
r
asti
ca
ll
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
b
y
ad
d
in
g
a
f
e
w
p
er
ce
n
t
o
f
n
a
n
o
p
ar
ticles.
L
DP
E
is
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
as
an
i
n
s
u
lati
n
g
m
ater
ial
f
o
r
p
o
w
er
ca
b
les.
E
lectr
ical
in
s
u
lati
n
g
p
o
ly
m
er
s
ar
e
u
s
u
all
y
m
o
d
i
f
ied
w
it
h
i
n
o
r
g
an
ic
f
i
lle
r
s
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
elec
tr
ical
,
m
ec
h
an
ica
l,
th
er
m
al
p
r
o
p
er
ties
.
Gen
er
all
y
,
i
n
o
r
g
a
n
ic
f
iller
s
ar
e
d
is
p
er
s
ed
n
o
n
-
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
l
y
in
t
h
e
p
o
l
y
m
er
m
atr
i
x
,
an
d
th
e
ir
r
e
g
u
lar
i
n
ter
f
ac
es
ar
e
u
s
u
all
y
elec
tr
icall
y
w
ea
k
s
p
o
ts
.
I
t
i
s
w
ell
k
n
o
w
n
th
at
elec
tr
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
i
n
s
u
lat
in
g
p
o
l
y
m
er
co
m
p
o
s
ite
s
d
ep
en
d
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
o
n
th
eir
m
icr
o
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es.
I
n
p
ar
ti
cu
lar
,
th
e
s
ize
an
d
s
h
ap
e
o
f
t
h
e
f
iller
s
,
t
h
e
d
is
p
er
s
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
f
iller
s
,
t
h
e
f
iller
-
f
iller
,
f
iller
-
m
atr
i
x
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
s
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
in
ter
f
ac
ial
s
tr
a
in
,
d
ir
ec
tl
y
a
f
f
ec
t
th
e
elec
t
r
ical
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
o
f
co
m
p
o
s
i
tes
[
1
9
-
2
5
]
.
L
DP
E
is
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
as
a
d
ielec
tr
ic
i
n
s
u
latio
n
o
f
p
o
w
er
ca
b
le.
Na
n
o
p
ar
ticles/
p
o
l
y
m
er
co
m
p
o
s
i
tes
ar
e
n
o
w
o
f
co
n
s
i
d
er
ab
le
in
ter
est
f
o
r
th
eir
s
p
ec
if
ic
elec
tr
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
.
I
t
is
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
t
h
at
t
h
e
in
ter
f
ac
e
s
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
h
o
s
t
d
ielec
tr
ic
an
d
th
e
n
an
o
m
etr
i
c
p
ar
ticles
ca
n
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
i
n
f
l
u
en
ce
t
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
o
s
ite
m
ater
ial
as
a
w
h
o
le.
Si
n
ce
in
ter
f
ac
es
d
o
m
i
n
ate
d
ielec
tr
ic
s
itu
atio
n
s
at
th
i
s
lev
el
,
n
an
o
d
ielec
tr
ics
a
n
d
in
ter
f
ac
e
s
b
ec
o
m
e
i
n
ex
tr
icab
le.
L
o
w
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
p
o
lar
izatio
n
is
a
t
y
p
e
o
f
p
o
lar
izatio
n
co
n
ce
r
n
i
n
g
to
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
p
o
lar
izatio
n
,
a
n
d
it
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
r
elate
s
to
th
e
s
p
ac
e
c
h
ar
g
e
s
to
r
ag
e
a
n
d
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
i
n
d
ielec
tr
ic
m
ater
ials
[
26
-
32
]
.
As
o
f
n
o
w
,
w
o
r
k
is
u
n
d
er
w
a
y
to
e
x
a
m
in
e
t
h
e
p
h
y
s
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
n
an
o
co
m
p
o
s
i
te
m
ater
ial
s
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
n
an
o
p
ar
ticles
o
f
m
etal
s
an
d
th
eir
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
s
s
tab
ilized
w
it
h
in
a
p
o
ly
m
er
ic
d
ielec
tr
ic
m
atr
i
x
.
I
n
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
p
o
ly
m
er
n
a
n
o
c
o
m
p
o
s
i
te
f
il
m
s
h
a
v
e
attr
ac
ted
w
id
e
in
ter
e
s
t
w
it
h
r
eg
ar
d
to
en
h
a
n
ci
n
g
p
o
l
y
m
er
p
r
o
p
er
ties
an
d
ex
te
n
d
in
g
t
h
eir
u
tili
t
y
.
I
t
h
a
s
b
ee
n
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
th
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
h
av
e
a
clo
s
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
w
it
h
t
h
e
i
n
ter
f
ac
ial
b
eh
av
io
r
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
n
a
n
o
p
ar
ticles
an
d
t
h
e
p
o
l
y
m
e
r
m
atr
i
x
in
s
u
c
h
n
a
n
o
co
m
p
o
s
ite
f
il
m
s
[
3
3
-
3
9
]
.
R
ec
en
tl
y
,
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
n
a
n
o
p
ar
ticles
in
v
ar
ian
t
p
o
l
y
m
er
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
d
em
o
n
s
t
r
ated
to
b
e
h
ig
h
l
y
elec
tr
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
n
th
e
s
ize,
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e,
an
d
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
th
e
n
a
n
o
p
ar
ticles,
as
w
ell
a
s
o
n
th
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
p
o
l
y
m
er
ic
m
atr
i
x
to
b
e
r
eliab
le
in
in
d
u
s
tr
ies [
4
0
-
4
8
]
.
W
ith
a
co
n
ti
n
u
al
p
r
o
g
r
ess
in
p
o
l
y
m
er
n
a
n
o
co
m
p
o
s
ite
f
i
l
m
s
,
th
e
m
ai
n
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
i
s
t
o
s
y
n
t
h
esize
elec
tr
ical
i
n
s
u
lati
n
g
p
o
ly
m
er
n
a
n
o
co
m
p
o
s
ite
f
il
m
s
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
m
o
r
e
co
s
t
-
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e,
en
er
g
y
-
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
an
d
h
e
n
ce
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tall
y
b
e
tter
m
ater
ia
ls
f
o
r
t
h
e
e
lectr
ical
in
s
u
latio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
d
ep
icts
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
t
y
p
es
a
n
d
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
co
s
t
-
f
e
w
er
n
a
n
o
p
ar
ticles
in
e
lectr
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
p
o
l
y
m
er
m
ater
ial.
E
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
es
u
lt
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
an
a
l
y
ze
d
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
s
o
f
cla
y
an
d
f
u
m
ed
s
ilica
n
an
o
p
ar
ticles
w
it
h
v
ar
io
u
s
v
o
lu
m
e
f
r
ac
tio
n
s
a
n
d
te
m
p
er
atu
r
es
o
n
elec
tr
ic
an
d
d
ielec
tr
ic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
p
o
ly
et
h
y
len
e.
2.
E
XP
E
R
I
M
E
NT
A
L
SE
T
UP
2
.
1
.
Na
no
pa
rt
icles
Nan
o
p
ar
ticles
o
f
C
la
y
a
n
d
f
u
m
ed
s
ilica
ar
e
s
p
h
er
ical
p
a
r
ticle
s
h
ap
e
(
Dia.
:
1
0
n
m
)
an
d
h
av
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ic
s
f
o
r
en
h
an
c
in
g
p
o
l
y
m
er
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
C
o
s
t
-
f
e
w
er
cla
y
n
a
n
o
p
ar
ticles
ar
e
ca
tal
y
s
t
to
b
e
th
e
b
est
f
iller
a
m
o
n
g
n
a
n
o
p
ar
ticles
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
m
a
ter
ials
.
On
t
h
e
o
th
er
w
is
e,
f
u
m
ed
s
i
li
ca
is
a
f
lu
f
f
y
w
h
ite
p
o
w
d
er
w
it
h
an
e
x
tr
e
m
el
y
lo
w
d
en
s
it
y
.
2
.
2
P
o
ly
et
hy
lene
ba
s
e
m
a
t
rix
po
ly
m
er
Po
ly
et
h
y
len
e
is
a
th
er
m
o
p
last
ic
m
ad
e
f
r
o
m
p
etr
o
leu
m
,
a
n
d
it
is
u
n
r
ea
c
ti
v
e
at
r
o
o
m
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
es
,
ex
ce
p
t
b
y
s
tr
o
n
g
o
x
id
izi
n
g
ag
en
ts
,
an
d
s
o
m
e
s
o
lv
e
n
ts
ca
u
s
e
s
w
el
lin
g
.
I
t
ca
n
w
i
th
s
ta
n
d
tem
p
er
at
u
r
es
o
f
8
0
°C
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
l
y
a
n
d
9
5
°C
f
o
r
a
s
h
o
r
t
ti
m
e.
T
h
is
p
o
l
y
m
er
is
a
c
o
m
m
er
cial
l
y
av
ai
lab
le
m
ater
ia
l
alr
ea
d
y
i
n
u
s
e
i
n
th
e
m
a
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
in
g
o
f
h
i
g
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
p
r
o
d
u
ct
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
p
o
l
y
et
h
y
len
e
(
L
DP
E
an
d
HDP
E
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I
SS
N
:
2
2
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P
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3
,
Dec
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b
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201
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128
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IJ
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8792
I
J
A
P
E
Vo
l
.
4
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
201
5
:
1
2
6
–
1
3
6
130
On
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131
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I
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2
5
2
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8792
I
J
A
P
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Vo
l
.
4
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
201
5
:
1
2
6
–
1
3
6
134
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
NS
A
d
d
in
g
cla
y
h
as
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
p
e
r
m
itti
v
it
y
o
f
p
o
l
y
et
h
y
le
n
e
but
f
u
m
ed
s
ilica
h
as
in
cr
ea
s
ed
p
er
m
itti
v
it
y
o
f
p
o
l
y
et
h
y
le
n
e
n
a
n
o
co
m
p
o
s
it
e
f
il
m
s
.
T
h
e
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
co
n
d
u
ctan
ce
an
d
s
u
s
ce
p
tan
ce
v
al
u
e
s
i
n
p
o
l
y
et
h
y
len
e
n
an
o
co
m
p
o
s
i
te
f
il
m
s
m
a
y
b
e
r
esu
lt
ed
a
n
d
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
c
h
an
g
in
g
t
y
p
es
a
n
d
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
s
o
f
n
an
o
p
ar
ticles
.
T
h
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
r
elax
atio
n
ti
m
e
o
f
th
e
c
h
ar
g
e
ca
r
r
ier
s
o
n
th
e
elec
tr
ical
in
s
u
latio
n
o
f
p
o
l
y
eth
y
le
n
e
n
an
o
co
m
p
o
s
i
te
f
il
m
s
ca
n
b
e
ig
n
o
r
ed
.
T
h
u
s
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ch
ar
g
e
ca
r
r
ier
s
an
d
ap
p
lied
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
ec
o
m
e
d
o
m
i
n
ati
n
g
f
ac
to
r
s
o
f
th
e
e
lectr
ical
in
s
u
lat
io
n
o
f
p
o
l
y
e
t
h
y
le
n
e
n
an
o
co
m
p
o
s
i
te
f
i
l
m
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
n
an
o
p
ar
ticles
i
n
s
id
e
p
o
ly
et
h
y
l
en
e
w
ill
r
estrict
t
h
e
c
h
ain
m
o
b
ilit
y
a
n
d
r
esu
l
t
in
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
el
ec
tr
ic
in
s
u
latio
n
as
s
u
c
h
r
estric
tio
n
li
m
ited
t
h
e
g
en
er
atio
n
o
f
m
o
b
ile
c
h
ar
g
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
c
h
ar
g
e
ca
r
r
ier
s
in
p
o
l
y
m
er
d
ielec
tr
ics,
esp
ec
iall
y
at
lo
w
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
an
g
e
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
in
s
u
latio
n
w
ill
p
la
y
a
m
o
r
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le.
T
h
er
m
a
l
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
n
e
w
n
a
n
o
co
m
p
o
s
it
e
f
il
m
s
o
cc
u
r
s
at
s
m
al
l
a
m
o
u
n
ts
cla
y
o
r
f
u
m
ed
s
ilica
n
a
n
o
p
ar
ticles
b
u
t
ad
d
in
g
lar
g
e
a
m
o
u
n
ts
t
h
ese
n
a
n
o
p
ar
ticles
to
p
o
l
y
eth
y
le
n
e
m
a
y
b
e
r
ev
er
s
e
elec
tr
ic
a
n
d
d
ielec
tr
ic
b
eh
av
io
r
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
g
r
ad
u
all
y
.
T
h
is
is
o
b
v
io
u
s
t
h
at
r
is
i
n
g
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
n
an
o
co
m
p
o
s
ite
t
h
is
f
il
m
s
e
f
f
ec
ts
o
n
n
an
o
p
ar
ticles
te
m
p
er
atu
r
es
w
h
ich
ch
a
n
g
in
g
elec
tr
ic
a
n
d
d
ielec
tr
ic
b
eh
av
io
r
o
v
e
r
th
e
n
o
r
m
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
p
r
esen
t
w
o
r
k
w
a
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
t
h
e
Scien
ce
an
d
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Dev
e
lo
p
m
en
t F
u
n
d
(
ST
DF)
,
E
g
y
p
t,
Gr
an
t N
o
: P
r
o
j
ec
t I
D
5
0
5
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
G
.
Tan
im
o
to
,
M
.
Ok
a
sh
it
a
,
F
.
A
id
a
,
Y.
F
u
j
iw
a
ra
,
“
T
e
mp
e
ra
tu
re
De
p
e
n
d
e
n
c
e
Of
T
a
n
δ
i
n
POL
y
e
t
h
y
len
e
”
IEE
E,
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
P
r
o
p
e
rti
e
s
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
o
f
Die
lec
tri
c
M
a
teria
ls,
Ju
ly
8
-
1
2
,
T
o
k
y
o
,
Ja
p
a
n
,
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
1
9
9
1
.
[2
]
T
.
T
o
k
o
ro
,
M
.
Na
g
a
o
a
n
d
M
.
Ko
sa
k
i
“
Hig
h
-
F
ield
Die
lec
tri
c
P
ro
p
e
rti
e
s
a
n
d
a
c
Diss
ip
a
ti
o
n
Cu
rre
n
t
W
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
P
o
l
y
e
t
h
y
len
e
F
il
m
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
In
s
u
latio
n
Vo
l.
2
7
N
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
4
8
2
-
4
8
7
,
Ju
n
e
1
9
9
2
.
[3
]
M
.
A
ra
o
k
a
,
H.
Yo
n
e
d
a
,
Y.
Oh
k
i,
“
Die
lec
tric
Pro
p
e
rties
o
f
Ne
w
-
T
y
p
e
Po
lye
th
y
len
e
P
o
lym
e
rize
d
Us
in
g
A
S
in
g
les
it
e
Ca
ta
lys
t”
I
EE
E
6
th
In
tern
a
t
io
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
Co
n
d
u
c
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Bre
a
k
d
o
w
n
in
S
o
li
d
Die
lec
tri
c
s,
1
9
9
8
.
IC
S
D
'
9
8
,
p
p
.
4
9
3
-
4
9
7
,
1
9
9
8
.
[4
]
M
.
M
.
Ue
k
i
a
n
d
M
.
Zan
i
n
,
“
In
f
lu
e
n
c
e
o
f
A
d
d
it
iv
e
s
o
n
th
e
Die
lec
tri
c
S
tren
g
th
o
f
Hig
h
-
d
e
n
sity
P
o
ly
e
th
y
len
e
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
Die
lec
tri
c
s an
d
E
lec
tri
c
a
l
In
s,u
lati
o
n
Vo
l.
6
No
.
6
,
p
p
.
8
7
6
-
8
8
1
,
1
9
9
9
.
[5
]
Z.
Na
w
a
w
i,
K.
T
.
S
irait,
M
.
Na
g
a
o
,
“
S
u
rf
a
c
e
Res
ista
n
c
e
Ef
fec
t
o
n
Die
lec
t
ric
Bre
a
k
d
o
w
n
Ch
a
ra
t
e
ristic
o
f
L
DPE
Film
”
IEE
E,
P
r
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
Th
e
6
th
I
n
tem
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
P
r
o
p
e
rti
e
s
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
o
f
Die
lec
tri
c
M
a
teria
ls
Ju
n
e
2
1
-
2
6
,
Ch
i
n
a
,
p
p
.
1
0
7
3
-
1
0
7
5
,
2
0
0
0
.
[6
]
Kw
a
n
C.
Ka
o
,
“
El
e
c
trica
l
Co
n
d
u
c
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Bre
a
k
d
o
w
n
in
I
n
su
l
a
ti
n
g
Po
lym
e
rs
”
IEE
E,
l
n
tem
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
P
r
o
p
e
rti
e
s
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
o
f
Die
lec
tri
c
M
a
teria
ls
Ju
n
e
2
1
-
2
6
.
,
X
i'
a
n
Jia
o
t
o
n
g
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
X
i'
a
n
,
Ch
in
a
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
7
,
2
0
0
0
.
[7
]
Z.
A
iro
n
g
a
n
d
C.
X
iao
l
o
n
g
,
“
T
h
e
El
e
c
tro
n
-
b
e
a
m
irra
d
i
a
ti
o
n
Cro
ss
-
li
n
k
in
g
a
n
d
M
o
d
if
y
i
n
g
o
f
Hig
h
De
n
sity
Po
lye
th
y
len
e
I
n
su
l
a
ti
o
n
”
I
EE
E,
ln
tem
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
P
ro
p
e
rti
e
s
a
n
d
A
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s
o
f
Die
lec
tri
c
M
a
teria
ls
Ju
n
e
2
1
-
2
6
,
2
0
0
0
,
Xi'
a
n
Jia
o
to
n
g
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
X
i'
a
n
,
Ch
in
a
,
p
p
.
2
1
3
-
2
1
6
,
2
0
0
0
.
[8
]
BX
i,
a
n
d
G
Ch
e
n
,
“
I
n
fl
u
e
n
c
e
o
f
Po
lym
e
r
M
a
trix
On
T
h
e
PT
C
Pro
p
e
rties
Of
Po
lye
th
y
len
e
Ca
rb
o
n
Bl
a
c
k
Co
mp
o
sites
”
IEE
E,
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
S
o
li
d
Die
lec
tri
c
s,
Ju
n
e
2
5
-
2
9
,
,
Ei
n
d
h
o
v
e
n
,
t
h
e
Ne
th
e
rlan
d
s,
p
p
.
1
0
9
-
1
1
2
,
2
0
0
1
.
[9
]
F
.
Om
b
e
ll
o
,
G
.
A
tt
o
li
n
i,
P
.
Ca
ra
c
in
o
,
M
.
Na
ss
i,
S
.
S
p
re
a
f
ico
,
a
n
d
G
.
C.
M
o
n
tan
a
ri
“
In
su
latin
g
M
a
teria
ls
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
Co
ld
Die
lec
tri
c
U
S
u
p
e
rc
o
n
d
u
c
ti
n
g
Ca
b
les
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Die
lec
tri
c
s
a
n
d
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
In
su
latio
n
,
V
o
l.
9
,
No
.
6
,
p
p
.
9
5
8
-
9
6
3
,
2
0
0
2
.
[1
0
]
I.
L
.
Ho
sie
r,
A
.
S
.
V
a
u
g
h
a
n
,
a
n
d
S
.
G
.
S
w
in
g
ler,
“
T
h
e
Eff
e
c
ts
o
f
M
e
a
su
rin
g
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
a
n
d
S
a
m
p
le
P
re
p
a
ra
ti
o
n
o
n
th
e
Bre
a
k
d
o
w
n
S
tren
g
th
o
f
P
o
ly
e
th
ly
e
n
e
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
D
iek
c
tri
c
s
a
n
d
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
In
su
ln
ti
o
n
V
a
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
p
p
.
3
5
3
-
3
6
1
,
2
0
0
2
.
[1
1
]
Ch
a
o
Zh
a
n
g
,
T
a
tsu
o
M
o
ri,
T
e
ru
y
o
sh
i
M
izu
tan
i,
a
n
d
'
M
it
S
Ug
U
lsh
io
k
a
,
“
Eff
e
c
ts
o
f
M
a
n
u
f
a
c
tu
rin
g
;
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
n
o
n
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
Bre
a
k
d
o
w
n
a
n
d
M
o
rp
h
o
l
o
io
f
T
h
in
F
lm
s
o
f
L
o
w
D
e
n
sity
P
o
ly
e
th
y
len
e
Bl
e
n
d
e
d
w
it
h
P
o
ly
p
ro
p
y
len
e
Co
p
o
ly
m
e
r
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
Die
lec
tri
c
s an
d
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
I
n
su
la
ti
o
n
Vo
l.
1
0
,
No
.
3
;
p
p
.
4
3
5
-
4
4
3
,
2
0
0
3
.
[1
2
]
Da
n
g
,
Zh
im
in
S
h
e
n
,
Ya
n
g
F
a
n
,
L
izh
e
n
Ca
i,
Nin
g
Na
n
,
C
e
w
e
n
Zh
a
o
,
S
h
u
ji
n
,
“
Die
lec
tri
c
p
ro
p
e
rti
e
s o
f
c
a
rb
o
n
f
ib
e
r
f
il
led
lo
w
-
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.
[1
3
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g
,
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I.
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.
S
.
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.
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,
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.
[1
4
]
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.
A
.
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d
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.
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i
n
,
“
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lec
tric
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p
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h
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n
sity
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lye
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n
e
”
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tern
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l
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re
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p
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3
.
[1
5
]
J.C.
F
il
ip
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i
n
i,
R.
T
o
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z
e
o
d
,
C.
M
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u
,
R.
Co
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lh
o
,
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M
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tal
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,
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n
a
h
,
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ter
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te
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o
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f
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n
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a
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is
in
Po
lym
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rs
”
IEE
E,
In
ter
n
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ti
o
n
a
l
Co
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re
n
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e
,
Ju
ly
5
-
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p
.
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-
4
,
2
0
0
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
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[1
6
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.
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7
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8
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lf
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d
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a
ry
C
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fi
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ro
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d
in
g
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o
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t
e
rn
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ti
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l
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tri
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sh
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,
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n
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2
0
0
5
.
[1
9
]
J.
H.
V
il
c
k
a
s,
L
.
G
.
A
lb
iero
,
S
.
A
.
Cru
z
,
M
.
M
.
Ue
k
i
a
n
d
M
.
Z
a
n
h
“
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tu
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f
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e
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trica
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l
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I
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tern
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ti
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n
a
l
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p
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o
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tri
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0
]
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.
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.
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u
o
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Z.
Ha
n
,
H.
Z
h
e
n
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d
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H
.
L
i,
“
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ff
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ter
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tri
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a
teria
ls,
p
p
.
7
4
7
-
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5
0
,
2
0
0
6
.
[2
1
]
K.
Hin
a
ta,
A
.
F
u
ji
ta,
K.
T
o
h
y
a
m
a
,
a
n
d
Y.
M
u
ra
ta,
“
Die
lec
tric
Pr
o
p
e
rties
o
f
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DPE/
M
g
O
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n
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m
p
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site
M
a
ter
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l
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n
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d
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EE
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rica
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p
.
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0
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.
[2
2
]
A
.
N.
Ul
z
u
tu
e
v
,
a
n
d
N.M
.
Us
h
a
k
o
v
,
“
In
v
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stig
a
ti
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o
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ric
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teria
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se
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o
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sity
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ly
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e
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tri
x
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h
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tab
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ize
d
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s”
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EEE
,
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tern
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se
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p
.
4
3
5
-
4
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0
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8
.
[2
3
]
K.
Ish
im
o
to
l,
T
.
T
a
n
a
k
a
2
,
Y.
Oh
k
i
1
,
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S
e
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ig
u
c
h
i3
,
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.
M
u
ra
ta3
,
a
n
d
M
.
G
o
sy
o
w
a
k
i3
,
“
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mp
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ris
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f
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lec
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p
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ly
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mp
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wit
h
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re
n
t
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ize
Fi
ll
e
rs
”
IEE
E
,
A
n
n
u
a
l
Re
p
o
rt
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n
f
e
re
n
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e
o
n
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tri
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l
In
s
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lati
o
n
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tri
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,
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p
.
2
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8
-
2
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1
,
2
0
0
8
.
[2
4
]
X
.
W
a
n
g
,
H.Q.
He
,
D.
M
.
T
u
,
C
.
L
e
i
a
n
d
Q.G
.
Du
,
“
Die
lec
tri
c
P
r
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p
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rti
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s
a
n
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sta
ll
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o
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y
o
f
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o
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n
sity
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ly
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y
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len
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d
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h
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tall
o
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e
n
e
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taly
z
e
d
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o
ly
e
th
y
len
e
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Die
lec
tri
c
s
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n
d
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e
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tri
c
a
l
In
su
latio
n
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l.
1
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,
No
.
2
;
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p
.
3
1
9
-
3
2
6
,
2
0
0
8
.
[2
5
]
C.
D.
G
re
e
n
,
A
.
S
.
V
a
u
g
h
a
n
,
G
.
R.
M
it
c
h
e
ll
,
a
n
d
T
.
L
iu
,
“
S
tru
c
tu
re
P
r
o
p
e
rty
Re
latio
n
sh
i
p
s
i
n
P
o
ly
e
th
y
len
e
/M
o
n
tm
o
ril
lo
n
it
e
Na
n
o
d
iele
c
tri
c
s
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Die
lec
tri
c
s
a
n
d
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
In
s
u
latio
n
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
1
;
p
p
.
1
3
4
-
1
4
3
,
2
0
0
8
.
[2
6
]
C.
Ly
n
n
,
A
.
N
e
u
b
e
r,
J.
Krile,
J.
Dic
k
e
n
s,
a
n
d
M
.
Kristian
se
n
,
“
El
e
c
trica
l
Co
n
d
u
c
ti
o
n
in
S
e
lec
t
Po
lym
e
rs
Un
d
e
r
S
h
o
c
k
L
o
a
d
i
n
g
”
IEE
E,
P
u
lse
d
P
o
w
e
r
Co
n
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r
e
n
c
e
,
P
P
C
'
0
9
,
p
p
.
1
7
1
-
1
7
4
,
2
0
0
9
.
[2
7
]
K.
S
.
S
h
a
h
,
R.
C
.
Ja
in
,
V
.
S
h
ri
n
e
t
,
A
.
K.
S
in
g
h
,
a
n
d
D
.
P
.
B
h
a
ra
m
b
e
,
“
Hi
g
h
De
n
sity
P
o
ly
e
th
y
len
e
(HD
P
E)
Clay
Na
n
o
c
o
m
p
o
site
f
o
r
Die
lec
tri
c
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Die
lec
tri
c
s
a
n
d
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
In
s
u
latio
n
V
o
l.
1
6
,
No
.
3
;
p
p
.
8
5
3
-
8
6
1
,
2
0
0
9
.
[2
8
]
A
.
S
a
m
i,
E.
Da
v
id
a
n
d
M
.
F
ré
c
h
e
tt
e
,
“
Die
lec
tri
c
Ch
a
ra
c
t
e
riza
ti
o
n
o
f
Hig
h
De
n
sity
P
o
l
y
e
th
y
len
e
/S
iO
2
Na
n
o
c
o
m
p
o
site
f
il
m
s”
IEE
E,
An
n
u
a
l
Re
p
o
rt
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
In
su
latio
n
a
n
d
Die
lec
tri
c
P
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
a
,
p
p
.
6
8
9
-
6
9
2
,
2
0
0
9
.
[2
9
]
L
.
Bo
is,
F
.
Ch
a
ss
a
g
n
e
u
x
,
S
.
P
a
ro
la,
a
n
d
F
.
Be
ss
u
e
il
le.
“
G
ro
w
th
o
f
o
rd
e
re
d
silv
e
r
n
a
n
o
p
a
rti
c
les
in
sili
c
a
f
il
m
m
e
so
stru
c
tu
re
d
w
it
h
a
tri
b
lo
c
k
c
o
p
o
ly
m
e
r
P
EO
–
P
P
O
–
P
EO”
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
o
li
d
S
tate
Ch
e
m
istr
y
V
o
l.
1
8
2
,
p
p
.
1
7
0
0
–
1
7
0
7
,
2
0
0
9
.
[3
0
]
N.
L
.
Da
o
,
P
.
L
.
L
e
w
in
,
I.
L
.
Ho
sie
r
a
n
d
S
.
G
.
S
w
in
g
ler,
“
A
Co
mp
a
ris
o
n
b
e
twee
n
L
DPE
a
n
d
HD
PE
Ca
b
le
In
su
la
ti
o
n
Pro
p
e
rties
Fo
ll
o
win
g
L
ig
h
tn
i
n
g
Im
p
u
lse
A
g
e
in
g
”
IEE
E
,
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
S
o
li
d
Die
lec
tri
c
s,
P
o
tsd
a
m
,
G
e
r
m
a
n
y
,
Ju
ly
4
-
9
,
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
2
0
1
0
.
[3
1
]
I.
E.
Ku
z
n
e
tso
v
a
,
B.
D.
Zaitse
v
,
a
n
d
A
.
M
.
S
h
ik
h
a
b
u
d
in
o
v
“
El
a
stic a
n
d
Visc
o
u
s
P
r
o
p
e
rti
e
s o
f
Na
n
o
c
o
m
p
o
site F
il
m
s
Ba
se
d
o
n
L
o
w
-
D
e
n
sity
P
o
ly
e
th
y
len
e
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Ultr
a
so
n
ics
,
F
e
rro
e
lec
tri
c
s,
a
n
d
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
Co
n
tro
l,
V
o
l
.
5
7
,
N
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
2
0
9
9
-
2
1
0
2
,
2
0
1
0
.
[3
2
]
L
.
S
h
e
n
g
tao
,
Y.
G
u
il
a
i,
N.
F
e
n
g
y
a
n
,
B.
S
u
n
a
,
L
.
Jia
n
y
in
g
,
Z.
T
u
o
,
“
I
n
v
e
stig
a
t
io
n
o
n
t
h
e
Die
lec
tric
Pro
p
e
rties
o
f
Na
n
o
ti
ta
n
i
u
m
Dio
x
id
e
-
L
o
w
De
n
sity
Po
lye
th
y
len
e
Co
mp
o
sit
e
s”
IEE
E,
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
S
o
l
id
Die
lec
tri
c
s,
P
o
tsd
a
m
,
Ge
r
m
a
n
y
,
J
u
ly
4
-
9
,
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
2
0
1
0
.
[3
3
]
P
.
F
a
n
g
,
X
.
Qiu
,
W
.
W
irg
e
s,
R.
Ge
rh
a
rd
,
“
P
o
ly
e
th
y
len
e
-
n
a
p
h
th
a
late
(P
EN)
F
e
rro
e
lec
trets:
Ce
ll
u
lar
S
tru
c
tu
r
e
,
P
iez
o
e
lec
tri
c
it
y
a
n
d
T
h
e
rm
a
l
S
tab
il
it
y
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Die
lec
tri
c
s
a
n
d
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
In
su
lati
o
n
V
o
l
.
1
7
,
N
o
.
4
;
p
p
.
1
0
7
9
-
1
0
8
7
,
2
0
1
0
.
[3
4
]
A
.
T
h
a
b
e
t,
a
n
d
Y.
A
.
M
u
b
a
ra
k
,
S
.
Ism
a
il
,
“
Exp
o
n
e
n
ti
a
l
Po
we
r
L
a
w
M
o
d
e
l
fo
r
Pre
d
ictin
g
Die
lec
tric
Co
n
sta
n
t
o
f
Ne
w
Na
n
o
c
o
m
p
o
site
I
n
d
u
stria
l
M
a
ter
ia
ls”
P
u
b
li
s
h
e
d
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
On
M
a
teria
ls
I
m
p
e
ra
ti
v
e
s
in
th
e
Ne
w
M
il
len
n
i
u
m
,
(M
INM
2
0
1
0
),
Ca
iro
,
Eg
y
p
t,
2
9
N
o
v
.
-
2
De
c
.
2
0
1
0
.
[3
5
]
A
.
T
h
a
b
e
t,
a
n
d
Y.
A
.
M
u
b
a
ra
k
,
“
No
v
e
l
Na
n
o
c
o
mp
o
site
In
su
l
a
ti
o
n
M
a
ter
ia
ls
fo
r
t
h
e
En
h
a
n
c
i
n
g
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
Po
we
r
Ca
b
les
”
P
u
b
li
sh
e
d
in
2
1
st
I
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
a
n
d
Ex
h
ib
it
io
n
o
n
E
lec
tri
c
it
y
Distrib
u
ti
o
n
,
“
CIRED2
0
1
1
”
,
F
ra
n
k
f
u
rt,
G
e
r
m
a
n
y
,
6
-
9
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
1
.
[3
6
]
A.
T
h
a
b
e
t,
Y.
A
.
M
o
b
a
ra
k
,
“
A
M
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
Die
lec
tri
c
Ch
a
ra
c
ter
iza
ti
o
n
o
f
Na
n
o
c
o
m
p
o
site
P
o
ly
m
e
ric
In
d
u
strial
M
a
teria
ls
”
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
S
c
ien
c
e
s (JES
),
A
ss
iu
t
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
Eg
y
p
t,
V
o
l.
4
0
,
No
.
5
,
S
e
p
tem
b
e
r
2
0
1
2
.
[3
7
]
A.
T
h
a
b
e
t,
Yo
u
ss
e
f
A
.
M
o
b
a
ra
k
,
“
Ex
p
e
ri
m
e
n
tal
S
tu
d
y
f
o
r
Die
le
c
tri
c
S
tren
g
th
o
f
Ne
w
Na
n
o
c
o
m
p
o
site
P
o
ly
e
th
y
len
e
In
d
u
strial
M
a
teria
ls
"
,
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(IJEE
T
),
V
o
l
.
3
,
Iss
u
e
1
,
p
p
.
553
-
5
6
4
,
Ja
n
-
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
2
.
[3
8
]
A
.
Am
a
n
,
M
.
M
.
Ya
a
c
o
b
,
M
.
A
.
A
lsa
e
d
i,
Kh
.
A
.
Ib
ra
h
im
,
“
P
o
ly
m
e
ric
c
o
m
p
o
site
b
a
se
d
o
n
w
a
ste
m
a
teria
l
f
o
r
h
ig
h
v
o
lt
a
g
e
o
u
td
o
o
r
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
P
o
w
e
r
&
En
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
m
s,
V
o
l.
4
5
,
Iss
u
e
1
,
p
p
.
3
4
6
-
3
5
2
,
F
e
b
ru
a
ry
2
0
1
3
.
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