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I
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2252
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8792
I
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Vo
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10
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No
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2
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J
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2
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2
1
:
151
–
1
5
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y
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h
e
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
Fo
u
r
P
I
ar
e
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
ea
ch
co
n
v
er
ter
,
s
o
th
e
f
in
e
-
t
u
n
in
g
o
f
t
h
ese
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
is
ar
d
u
o
u
s
,
esp
ec
iall
y
i
n
t
h
e
n
o
n
-
l
in
ea
r
s
y
s
te
m
.
Ma
n
y
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
ar
e
u
til
ized
to
r
ea
ch
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
al
p
ar
a
m
ete
r
s
o
f
th
e
P
I
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
e
f
f
icien
c
y
o
f
th
e
g
r
id
-
V
SW
G
.
T
r
ad
itio
n
all
y
,
Ne
w
to
n
-
R
ap
h
s
o
n
(
NR
)
a
n
d
Z
ie
g
ler
-
Nich
o
l
s
(
Z
N)
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es a
r
e
u
s
ed
to
f
i
n
e
-
tu
n
e
th
e
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
b
u
t
t
h
ese
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
s
m
et
h
o
d
s
ar
e
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
t
h
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
s
o
l
v
er
an
d
t
h
e
in
itial
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
B
esid
es,
t
h
e
h
e
u
r
i
s
tic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
s
u
c
h
as
t
h
e
g
r
av
ita
tio
n
al
s
ea
r
c
h
alg
o
r
it
h
m
(
GS
A
)
,
a
g
e
n
etic
alg
o
r
it
h
m
(
G
A
)
,
t
h
e
p
ar
ticle
s
w
ar
m
al
g
o
r
ith
m
(
P
SO)
[
1
8
],
a
g
r
e
y
w
o
l
f
o
p
ti
m
izer
(
GW
O)
,
an
d
t
h
e
a
n
t
co
lo
n
y
o
p
tim
izatio
n
(
AC
O)
ar
e
u
s
ed
t
o
o
b
tain
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
v
alu
e
s
o
f
th
e
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
.
B
u
t t
h
e
s
e
m
eth
o
d
s
s
u
f
f
er
f
r
o
m
s
o
m
e
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
s
i
n
f
in
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
id
ea
l
s
o
lu
t
io
n
.
T
h
e
GA
tech
n
iq
u
e
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
f
o
r
b
o
th
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
a
n
d
d
is
cr
ete
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
b
u
t
it
n
e
ed
a
co
m
p
lex
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
,
a
lo
n
g
ti
m
e,
an
d
ca
n
b
e
tr
ap
p
ed
in
to
lo
ca
l
o
p
tim
a.
T
h
e
P
SO
h
as
s
o
m
e
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
es
s
u
ch
as
its
s
i
m
p
l
i
s
t
y
a
n
d
it
h
a
s
f
e
w
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
to
ad
j
u
s
t.
B
u
t
,
P
SO
ca
n
h
a
v
e
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
y
to
g
et
t
h
e
in
it
ial
d
esig
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
,
an
d
it
ca
n
co
n
v
er
g
e
ea
r
l
y
a
n
d
ca
n
b
e
tr
ap
p
ed
in
to
lo
ca
l
o
p
tim
u
m
s
o
lu
t
io
n
s
w
it
h
co
m
p
lex
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
.
GS
A
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
Ne
w
to
n
’
s
la
w
o
f
m
as
s
attr
ac
tio
n
a
n
d
g
r
av
it
y
.
GS
A
h
as
s
o
m
e
m
er
it
s
,
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
t
h
e
ab
ilit
y
to
s
o
lv
e
h
i
g
h
l
y
n
o
n
l
in
ea
r
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
an
d
h
as
s
tab
le
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
.
B
u
t,
GS
A
h
as
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
s
s
u
ch
as
it
h
as
s
lo
w
s
ea
r
ch
i
n
g
s
p
ee
d
in
th
e
last
iter
atio
n
s
a
n
d
h
as
lo
n
g
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
a
l
ti
m
e.
AC
O
ca
n
g
iv
e
r
ap
id
d
is
co
v
er
y
o
f
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
l
e
s
o
lu
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
h
as
g
u
ar
a
n
teed
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
.
B
u
t,
AC
O
h
a
s
an
u
n
ce
r
tain
ti
m
e
t
o
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
an
d
h
a
s
a
co
m
p
licated
th
eo
r
etica
l
an
al
y
s
is
.
T
h
e
GW
O
h
a
s
s
o
m
e
d
e
m
er
its
,
s
u
c
h
a
s
n
ee
d
to
lo
n
g
ti
m
e
i
n
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
a
n
d
in
ad
eq
u
ate
lo
ca
l
s
ea
r
ch
i
n
g
ab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
t
ics
o
f
th
e
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ar
e
t
h
e
b
alan
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
ex
p
lo
r
ati
o
n
an
d
t
h
e
ex
p
lo
itatio
n
to
r
ea
ch
to
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
al
s
o
l
u
tio
n
.
T
h
is
ar
ticle
p
r
esen
t
s
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
P
SO
-
GS
A
[
1
9
-
2
3
]
b
ased
-
P
I
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
c
o
n
v
er
ter
(
F
C
)
.
T
h
e
P
SO
-
GS
A
h
a
s
m
a
n
y
m
er
its
,
s
u
ch
as
b
etter
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
to
escap
e
f
r
o
m
lo
ca
l
o
p
ti
m
a
s
o
lu
tio
n
an
d
h
as
a
f
a
s
ter
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
r
ate.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
P
SO
-
GS
A
i
s
en
s
u
r
ed
b
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
t
h
e
r
es
u
lts
ar
e
ac
h
ie
v
ed
b
y
P
SO
-
GS
A
b
ased
-
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
w
it
h
t
h
at
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
a
GA
-
b
ased
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
v
ar
io
u
s
t
y
p
es
o
f
f
a
u
lts
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
th
is
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
.
T
h
ese
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
r
es
u
lts
ar
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
u
t
ilizi
n
g
t
h
e
M
A
T
L
A
B
/
Si
m
u
li
n
k
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
in
g
.
2.
M
O
DE
L
SY
ST
E
M
T
h
e
m
ain
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
to
ad
j
u
s
t
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
V
SW
T
-
P
MSG
is
th
e
F
C
,
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
FC
is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
t
w
o
f
u
ll
-
s
ca
le
p
o
w
er
co
n
v
er
ter
s
at
th
e
g
e
n
er
ato
r
an
d
g
r
id
-
s
id
e,
C
.
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
is
p
r
o
tecte
d
b
y
an
o
v
er
-
v
o
lta
g
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
s
ch
e
m
e
(
OVP
S)
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
f
au
lt.
E
ac
h
v
ec
to
r
co
n
tr
o
l
s
c
h
e
m
e
h
as
f
o
u
r
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
g
en
e
r
ato
r
an
d
g
r
id
-
s
id
e
co
n
v
er
ter
s
.
T
h
e
g
en
er
ato
r
-
s
id
e
co
n
v
er
ter
(
GSC
)
is
m
an
a
g
ed
to
o
b
tain
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
a
t
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
eq
u
al
o
n
e,
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
g
en
er
ato
r
.
T
h
e
ter
m
i
n
al
v
o
ltag
e
at
t
h
e
co
m
m
o
n
co
u
p
lin
g
p
o
in
t
(
)
an
d
th
e
DC
v
o
ltag
e
(
)
a
r
e
r
eg
u
lated
b
y
th
e
g
r
id
-
s
id
e
in
v
er
ter
(
GSI
)
.
T
h
e
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
VSW
T
-
P
MSG
is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
an
d
d
o
u
b
le
cir
cu
it
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
li
n
e.
T
h
e
d
ata
o
f
P
MSG
ar
e
illu
s
tr
ated
in
T
ab
le
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
S
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
el
T
ab
le
1
.
Gen
er
ato
r
p
a
r
am
eter
s
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
N
o
.
p
o
l
e
s
1
.
5
M
W
5
7
5
V
2
0
H
z
48
F
i
e
l
d
F
l
u
x
0
.
0
0
6
p
u
0
.
7
p
u
0
.
3
p
u
0
.
9
p
u
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
A
p
p
l P
o
w
er
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8792
Hyb
r
id
P
S
O
-
GS
A
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
-
b
a
s
ed
o
p
tima
l c
o
n
tr
o
l str
a
teg
y
fo
r
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
.
.
.
(
Min
a
N
.
A
min
)
153
3.
WI
ND
T
URB
I
N
E
M
O
DE
L
T
h
e
r
elatio
n
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
th
e
w
i
n
d
an
d
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
p
o
w
er
ca
n
b
e
p
r
esen
ted
as
f
o
l
lo
w
[
3
]
:
(
1
)
w
h
er
e
is
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
t
h
e
w
i
n
d
,
ρ
is
th
e
d
en
s
it
y
o
f
air
,
is
t
h
e
r
ad
iu
s
o
f
t
h
e
b
lad
e
,
p
r
esen
t
s
th
e
p
o
w
er
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
,
w
h
ic
h
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
tu
r
b
in
e
p
itch
a
n
g
le,
an
d
tip
s
p
ee
d
r
a
tio
,
an
d
w
h
er
e
m
ea
n
s
th
e
r
o
tatio
n
a
l
r
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
it c
an
b
e
m
o
d
eled
as:
λ
=
(
2
)
=
(
)
(
)
(
3
)
C
P
(
λ,
β
)
=0
.
7
3
(
(
)
)
(
4
)
VSW
T
is
p
r
ef
er
r
e
d
o
v
e
r
th
e
F
SW
T
in
W
E
C
S
d
u
e
t
o
it
a
b
le
t
o
am
p
lif
y
th
e
ex
tr
ac
t
e
d
p
o
w
er
at
th
e
w
in
d
s
p
e
ed
v
a
r
ia
ti
o
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
ex
h
ib
its
tu
r
b
in
e
ch
a
r
a
cte
r
is
t
ic
.
I
t
is
n
o
te
d
th
at
th
e
r
e
a
r
e
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
cu
r
v
es
f
o
r
th
e
ex
tr
ac
t
ed
p
o
w
er
at
v
ar
i
o
u
s
w
in
d
s
p
e
e
d
s
.
F
o
r
e
ac
h
cu
r
v
e,
a
s
p
e
cif
ic
p
o
in
t
w
h
er
e
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
w
er
ca
n
b
e
ca
p
tu
r
ed
.
S
o
,
th
e
ad
j
u
s
ta
b
le
c
o
n
tr
o
lle
r
h
as
to
f
o
ll
o
w
th
e
p
a
r
ti
cu
la
r
r
o
t
ati
o
n
al
s
p
ee
d
t
o
g
et
th
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
at
ea
ch
w
in
d
s
p
ee
d
.
T
h
is
s
ch
e
m
e
is
k
n
o
w
n
as m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
in
t
tr
ac
k
in
g
(
M
PP
T
)
T
o
g
et
in
ter
m
s
o
f
u
tili
ze
t
h
is
eq
u
atio
n
[
3
]
:
(
5
)
w
h
er
e
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co
ef
f
icie
n
t o
f
o
p
ti
m
u
m
p
o
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er
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d
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o
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tim
u
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t
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s
p
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.
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h
e
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ated
p
o
w
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ll b
e
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lled
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s
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ed
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u
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ti
n
g
p
o
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t f
o
r
th
e
p
o
w
er
at
FC
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
W
in
d
tu
r
b
in
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
w
it
h
MP
PT
cu
r
v
e
4.
T
H
E
F
C
CO
N
T
RO
L
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
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e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
o
f
th
e
g
r
id
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co
n
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ted
VSW
T
-
P
MSG
is
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ased
o
n
th
e
F
C
,
to
ex
tr
ac
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
g
e
n
er
ato
r
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d
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s
tin
g
t
h
e
,
at
v
ar
io
u
s
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
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t
co
m
p
o
s
es
o
f
t
h
e
GSI
,
GSC
,
an
d
C
.
4
.
1
.
G
SC
T
h
e
GSC
h
a
s
th
e
m
aj
o
r
r
u
le
to
d
eliv
er
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
g
e
n
er
at
o
r
at
p
o
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er
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ac
to
r
eq
u
al
o
n
e.
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h
is
o
u
tp
u
t
i
s
o
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tain
ed
b
y
ad
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u
s
ti
n
g
t
h
e
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a
x
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m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
f
t
h
e
s
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r
cu
r
r
en
t
(
,
)
.
T
h
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
g
en
er
ato
r
is
ac
h
ie
v
ed
b
y
ad
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u
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g
t
h
e
ac
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r
d
in
g
to
th
e
s
e
t
-
p
o
in
t
(
)
,
w
h
ic
h
is
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
MP
P
T
.
T
h
e
is
ad
ap
ted
to
d
eliv
er
th
e
p
o
w
er
w
h
e
n
th
e
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
eq
u
al
o
n
e
.
As
ill
u
s
tr
ated
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
,
th
er
e
ar
e
f
o
u
r
P
I
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co
n
tr
o
ller
s
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
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SC
to
ac
h
ei
v
e
t
h
e
-
ax
e
s
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m
p
o
n
en
t
s
o
f
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
o
ltag
e
(
)
.
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e
s
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
ar
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
in
to
th
r
ee
-
p
h
a
s
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
(
)
.
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co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
is
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
b
et
w
ee
n
an
d
a
1
k
Hz
tr
ian
g
u
lar
ca
r
r
ier
w
a
v
ef
o
r
m
(
T
C
W
)
,
to
g
et
f
ir
i
n
g
p
u
ls
e
s
(
FP
)
f
o
r
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8792
I
n
t J
A
p
p
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10
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2
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J
u
n
e
2
0
2
1
:
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–
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8
154
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
g
en
er
ato
r
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s
id
e
c
o
n
v
er
ter
co
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o
l b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
.
4
.
2
.
G
SI
T
h
e
GSI
h
as
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ili
t
y
to
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
b
y
ad
j
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s
tin
g
th
e
d
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d
q
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ax
is
g
r
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r
r
en
t
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
(
,
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.
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h
e
is
ad
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u
s
ted
to
co
n
tr
o
l o
f
th
e
,
an
d
th
e
is
ad
j
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s
ted
t
o
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ai
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th
e
to
b
e
s
tab
le
at
s
ev
er
d
is
t
u
r
b
an
ce
s
.
I
n
th
i
s
an
a
l
y
s
is
,
t
h
e
C
is
s
elec
ted
as
1
0
m
F
w
it
h
a
r
ate
d
v
o
ltag
e
w
i
th
r
ated
v
alu
e
eq
u
al
to
1
.
1
5
k
V.
As
o
b
tan
ed
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
,
th
e
g
r
id
s
id
e
i
n
v
er
ter
co
n
tr
o
l
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
,
t
o
ex
tr
ac
t
th
e
r
e
f
er
en
ce
v
o
lta
g
e
(
)
b
y
u
ti
lizin
g
f
o
u
r
P
I
-
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
.
T
h
e
ar
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
in
to
t
h
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
s
ig
n
al
s
b
y
u
tili
zi
n
g
a
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
g
le
(
)
.
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co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
is
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
b
et
w
ee
n
w
i
th
a
T
C
W
w
it
h
1
0
5
0
Hz
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
FP
to
th
e
GSI
.
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o
ex
tr
ac
t (
)
,
a
p
h
ase
-
lo
ck
ed
-
lo
o
p
(
P
L
L
)
is
u
tili
ze
d
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
g
r
id
-
s
id
e
in
v
er
te
r
co
n
tr
o
l b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
4
.
3
.
O
VP
S
Du
r
in
g
t
h
e
f
a
u
lt
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n
d
itio
n
,
t
h
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
(
)
is
d
eli
v
er
ed
t
o
th
e
g
r
id
.
A
t
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e,
n
o
r
ea
l
p
o
w
er
(
)
is
tr
an
s
m
itted
to
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
w
h
ic
h
r
esu
l
ts
i
n
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
t
h
e
an
d
lead
in
g
to
d
est
r
o
y
t
h
e
C
.
T
h
e
OVP
S
is
n
ee
d
ed
to
p
r
o
tect
th
e
C
f
r
o
m
d
a
m
a
g
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
o
f
th
e
OVP
S
ar
e
th
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
I
G
B
T
w
i
th
s
er
ies
in
r
esis
ta
n
ce
[
2
4
]
.
W
h
en
ex
ce
ed
s
2
0
%
a
b
o
v
e
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e
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,
I
GB
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w
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ate
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te
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ed
iate
C
.
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I
n
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A
p
p
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o
w
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E
n
g
I
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N:
2252
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8792
Hyb
r
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P
S
O
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GS
A
a
lg
o
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ith
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-
b
a
s
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n
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.
.
.
(
Min
a
N
.
A
min
)
155
5.
H
YB
RID P
SO
-
G
SA A
ND
P
RO
B
L
E
M
F
O
R
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
T
h
is
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
m
et
h
o
d
is
t
h
e
m
er
g
i
n
g
o
f
t
w
o
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
GS
A
a
n
d
P
SO.
T
h
e
co
m
b
in
a
tio
n
o
f
th
e
GS
A
an
d
P
SO
i
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
u
ti
lizi
n
g
t
h
e
lo
w
-
le
v
el
co
-
ev
o
lu
tio
n
ar
y
h
eter
o
g
e
n
eo
u
s
h
y
b
r
id
.
P
SO
-
GS
A
i
s
d
ef
in
ed
as
co
-
e
v
o
lu
tio
n
ar
y
as
it
r
u
n
s
th
e
t
w
o
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
i
n
p
ar
allel
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
P
SO
-
GS
A
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
t
h
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
P
SO
f
o
r
So
cial
t
h
in
k
i
n
g
a
n
d
GS
A
ab
ilit
y
to
g
et
th
e
lo
ca
l
s
ea
r
c
h
.
T
h
e
m
er
g
in
g
ca
n
b
e
m
at
h
e
m
a
t
icall
y
m
o
d
eled
as
f
o
llo
w
:
(
6
)
w
h
er
e
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
ag
en
t
v
elo
cit
y
at
iter
atio
n
,
is
th
e
a
g
en
t
ac
ce
ler
atio
n
at
iter
atio
n
,
is
a
w
ei
g
h
ti
n
g
f
ac
to
r
,
is
a
w
ei
g
h
t
i
n
g
f
u
n
ct
io
n
,
is
th
e
b
est s
o
l
u
ti
o
n
s
o
f
ar
.
A
t e
ac
h
i
ter
atio
n
e
n
d
,
th
e
p
ar
ticle
v
elo
cit
y
a
n
d
p
o
s
itio
n
ar
e
u
p
d
ated
as f
o
llo
w
:
(
7
)
Fo
r
th
e
P
SO
-
GS
A
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
f
ir
s
tl
y
t
h
er
e
is
in
i
ti
aliza
tio
n
f
o
r
all
ag
en
t
s
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
.
T
h
en
f
o
r
all
ag
en
t
s
,
th
e
r
es
u
lta
n
t
f
o
r
ce
a
m
o
n
g
ea
c
h
o
t
h
er
,
g
r
a
v
itatio
n
al
co
n
s
ta
n
t
,
an
d
g
r
av
itat
io
n
al
f
o
r
ce
ar
e
c
alcu
lated
.
A
f
ter
t
h
i
s
p
h
ase,
th
e
GS
A
i
s
u
til
ized
to
g
et
th
e
ac
ce
ler
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
ar
ticles.
T
h
e
b
est
s
o
lu
tio
n
h
a
s
u
p
d
ated
a
t
th
e
en
d
o
f
ea
ch
iter
atio
n
.
T
h
en
b
y
u
t
iliz
in
g
t
h
e
eq
u
atio
n
s
(
6
,
7
)
,
f
o
r
all
ag
en
ts
,
th
e
v
elo
cit
y
a
n
d
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
.
T
h
e
u
p
d
atin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ca
n
b
e
f
in
is
h
ed
,
w
h
en
t
h
e
cr
iter
ia
o
f
th
e
v
elo
cit
y
a
n
d
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
r
ea
ch
th
e
en
d
.
T
h
e
s
ea
r
ch
s
p
ac
e
is
ex
p
l
o
r
ed
b
y
t
h
e
a
g
en
ts
ar
e
f
o
u
n
d
e
d
clo
s
e
to
th
e
r
ea
l
b
est
s
o
lu
tio
n
;
t
h
e
y
attr
ac
t
o
t
h
er
ag
en
t
s
.
T
h
e
ex
p
lo
itin
g
o
f
th
e
g
lo
b
al
b
est
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ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
ag
en
ts
ar
e
n
ea
r
to
th
e
b
est
s
o
lu
t
io
n
an
d
m
o
v
e
v
er
y
s
lo
w
l
y
.
T
h
e
c1
an
d
c2
ar
e
r
eg
u
lated
to
o
b
tain
t
h
e
eq
u
ilib
r
i
u
m
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
lo
ca
l
s
ea
r
ch
a
n
d
th
e
g
lo
b
al
s
ea
r
ch
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
f
lo
w
ch
ar
t
o
f
GS
A
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
s
tep
s
o
f
P
SO
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
f
lo
w
c
h
ar
t
o
f
P
SO
-
GS
A
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Flo
w
c
h
ar
t o
f
g
r
a
v
ita
tio
n
al
s
ea
r
ch
alg
o
r
ith
m
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Fl
o
w
c
h
ar
t o
f
p
ar
ticle
s
w
ar
m
o
p
ti
m
iza
tio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8792
I
n
t J
A
p
p
l P
o
w
er
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
1
:
151
–
1
5
8
156
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
P
SO
-
GS
A
al
g
o
r
ith
m
f
lo
w
c
h
ar
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ased
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ased
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ased
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ased
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ased
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ased
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ased
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RE
F
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R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
G
lo
b
a
l
W
in
d
En
e
rg
y
Co
u
n
c
il
(
G
W
EC),
“
G
lo
b
a
l
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d
En
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rg
y
Ou
tl
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k
,”
2017
.
[
O
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.
A
v
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le:
h
tt
p
:
//
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.
[2
]
M
.
A
.
S
o
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H
.
M
.
Ha
sa
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ien
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H
.
Z.
A
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.
E.
El
-
k
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ly
a
n
d
S
.
A
.
M
a
h
m
o
u
d
,
“
Hy
b
rid
AN
F
IS
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GA
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b
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c
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Po
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r
Ge
n
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r
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1
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o
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7
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p
p
.
8
3
2
–
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4
3
,
2
0
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8
.
[3
]
H.
M
.
Ha
sa
n
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a
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S
.
M
.
M
u
y
e
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n
,
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ff
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m
b
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d
a
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o
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Ge
n
e
r.,
T
r
a
n
s.
&
Distrib
.
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.
1
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p
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2
6
1
1
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6
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2
0
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5
.
[4
]
H.
M
.
Ha
sa
n
ien
a
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d
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.
M
.
M
u
y
e
e
n
,
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p
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e
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ted
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.
[5
]
H.
M
.
Ha
sa
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A
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A
l
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r
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.
[6
]
S
.
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n
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B
.
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ted
DFIG
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se
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o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
8
5
6
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.
2
0
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2252
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10
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2
,
J
u
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2
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2
1
:
151
–
1
5
8
158
[7
]
M.
N.
Am
in
,
M
.
A
.
S
o
li
m
a
n
,
H.
M
.
Ha
sa
n
ien
a
n
d
A
.
Y.
A
b
d
e
laz
i
z
,
“
G
ra
s
sh
o
p
p
e
r
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
-
b
a
se
d
p
i
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r
sc
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
g
rid
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
w
in
d
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r
,
”
J
C
o
n
tr
o
l
A
u
t
o
m
El
e
c
tr
S
y
st
,
v
o
l.
3
1
,
p
p
.
3
9
3
-
4
0
1
,
2
0
2
0
.
[8
]
M
.
N.
A
m
in
,
M
.
A
.
S
o
li
m
a
n
,
H.
M
.
Ha
sa
n
ien
,
A
.
Y.
A
b
d
e
laz
iz an
d
Z.
A
li
, “
G
ra
ss
h
o
p
p
e
r
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
-
b
a
se
d
f
u
z
z
y
lo
g
ic co
n
tro
ll
e
r
f
o
r
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
g
rid
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
w
in
d
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r,
”
I
n
t
e
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
n
E
n
e
rg
y
Co
n
v
e
rs
io
n
(
IRE
CON)
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
2
1
8
-
2
2
9
,
2
0
1
9
.
[9
]
V
e
n
k
a
tac
h
a
lam
K
.
M
.
a
n
d
V
.
S
a
ra
v
a
n
a
n
,
“
G
rid
in
teg
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
P
M
S
G
b
a
se
d
w
in
d
e
n
e
rg
y
c
o
n
v
e
rsio
n
w
it
h
b
a
tt
e
ry
sto
ra
g
e
s
y
ste
m
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ap
p
li
e
d
P
o
we
r
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
AP
E)
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
4
8
-
5
7
,
M
a
r
.
2
0
2
1
.
[1
0
]
A
.
M
.
Ka
ss
e
m
,
“
M
o
d
e
ll
in
g
a
n
d
ro
b
u
st
c
o
n
tr
o
l
d
e
sig
n
o
f
a
sta
n
d
a
lo
n
e
w
in
d
-
b
a
se
d
e
n
e
rg
y
sto
ra
g
e
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
u
n
it
p
o
w
e
rin
g
a
n
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
o
to
r
-
v
a
riab
le
-
d
isp
lac
e
m
e
n
t
p
re
ss
u
re
-
c
o
m
p
e
n
sa
ted
p
u
m
p
,
”
IET
Ren
e
wa
b
le
Po
we
r
Ge
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
7
5
-
2
8
6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
1
]
M
.
H.
Qa
is,
H.
M
.
Ha
sa
n
ien
,
a
n
d
S
.
A
lg
h
u
w
a
in
e
m
,
“
A
g
re
y
w
o
lf
o
p
ti
m
ize
r
f
o
r
o
p
ti
m
u
m
p
a
ra
m
e
ter
s
o
f
m
u
lt
ip
le
P
I
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
rs
o
f
a
g
rid
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
P
M
S
G
d
riv
e
n
b
y
v
a
ri
a
b
le
sp
e
e
d
w
in
d
tu
r
b
in
e
,”
IE
EE
Acc
e
ss
,
v
o
l
.
6
,
p
p
.
4
4
1
2
0
-
4
4
1
2
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
2
]
M
.
A
.
S
o
li
m
a
n
,
H.
M
.
Ha
s
a
n
ien
,
H.
Z.
A
z
a
z
i,
E.
E.
El
-
Kh
o
ly
,
a
n
d
S
.
A
.
M
a
h
m
o
u
d
,
“
A
n
a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
f
u
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
c
o
n
tro
l
stra
teg
y
f
o
r
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
g
rid
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
PMSG
-
b
a
se
d
w
in
d
t
u
rb
in
e
,”
I
EE
E
T
ra
n
s.
o
n
In
d
.
In
f
o
r.
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
3
1
6
3
-
3
1
7
3
,
Ju
n
.
2
0
1
9
.
[1
3
]
M
.
H.
Qa
is,
H.
M
.
Ha
sa
n
i
en
a
n
d
S
.
A
lg
h
u
w
a
in
e
m
,
“
L
o
w
v
o
lt
a
g
e
rid
e
-
th
ro
u
g
h
c
a
p
a
b
il
it
y
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
g
rid
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
p
e
rm
a
n
e
n
t
m
a
g
n
e
t
s
y
n
c
h
ro
n
o
u
s
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r
d
riv
e
n
d
irec
tl
y
b
y
v
a
ri
a
b
le
sp
e
e
d
w
in
d
tu
r
b
in
e
:
a
re
v
iew
,
”
T
h
e
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
2
0
1
7
,
n
o
.
1
3
,
p
p
.
1
7
5
0
-
1
7
5
4
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
4
]
M
.
H.
Qa
is,
H.
M
.
Ha
sa
n
ien
a
n
d
S
.
A
lg
h
u
w
a
in
e
m
,
“
Ou
tp
u
t
p
o
w
e
r
s
m
o
o
th
i
n
g
o
f
g
rid
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
p
e
rm
a
n
e
n
t
-
m
a
g
n
e
t
s
y
n
c
h
ro
n
o
u
s
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r
d
riv
e
n
d
ir
e
c
tl
y
b
y
v
a
ria
b
le
sp
e
e
d
w
in
d
tu
rb
in
e
:
a
re
v
iew
,
”
T
h
e
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l
.
2
0
1
7
,
n
o
.
1
3
,
p
p
.
1
7
5
5
-
1
7
5
9
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
5
]
M
.
H.
Qa
is,
H.
M
.
H
a
sa
n
ien
a
n
d
S
.
A
lg
h
u
w
a
in
e
m
,
“
En
h
a
n
c
e
sa
lp
s
w
a
r
m
a
l
g
o
rit
h
m
:
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
to
v
a
riab
le
sp
e
e
d
w
in
d
g
e
n
e
ra
to
rs,”
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
A
p
p
l.
o
f
Arti
fi
c
i
a
l
In
telli
g
e
n
c
e
,
v
o
l.
8
0
,
p
p
.
82
-
9
6
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
6
]
Nity
a
n
a
n
d
a
n
d
A
.
K.
P
a
n
d
e
y
,
“
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
a
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
P
M
S
G
w
in
d
tu
rb
in
e
a
t
v
a
riab
le
w
in
d
s
p
e
e
d
,
”
2
0
1
8
5
t
h
IEE
E
Utta
r
Pra
d
e
sh
S
e
c
ti
o
n
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
El
e
c
trica
l,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
t
e
r
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
UPCON),
Go
ra
k
h
p
u
r
,
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
1
-
6.
[1
7
]
R.
A
.
G
u
p
ta,
B.
S
in
g
h
a
n
d
B.
B.
Ja
in
,
“
W
in
d
e
n
e
rg
y
c
o
n
v
e
r
sio
n
sy
ste
m
u
sin
g
P
M
S
G
,
”
2
0
1
5
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Rec
e
n
t
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
ts
in
Co
n
tro
l
,
Au
t
o
ma
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Po
we
r
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
RDCAP
E)
,
2
0
1
5
,
p
p
.
1
9
9
-
2
0
3
.
[1
8
]
H.
M
.
Ha
sa
n
ie
n
a
n
d
S
.
M
.
M
u
y
e
e
n
,
“
P
a
rti
c
le
sw
a
r
m
o
p
ti
m
iz
a
ti
o
n
-
b
a
se
d
su
p
e
rc
o
n
d
u
c
ti
n
g
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
e
n
e
rg
y
sto
ra
g
e
f
o
r
lo
w
-
v
o
lt
a
g
e
rid
e
-
th
ro
u
g
h
c
a
p
a
b
il
it
y
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
in
w
in
d
e
n
e
rg
y
c
o
n
v
e
rsio
n
sy
st
e
m
,
”
El
e
c
t
r.
Po
we
r
Co
mp
o
n
.
S
y
st
.
,
v
o
l.
4
3
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
1
2
7
8
-
1
2
8
8
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
9
]
D.
M
.
M
u
sta
f
a
,
K.
H.
Yo
u
ss
e
f
,
I
.
F
.
El
a
ra
b
a
wy
a
n
d
T
.
H.
A
b
d
e
lh
a
m
id
,
“
H
y
b
rid
p
a
rti
c
le
s
w
a
r
m
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
a
n
d
g
ra
v
it
a
ti
o
n
a
l
se
a
rc
h
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
BL
DC
m
o
to
r
sp
e
e
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
,”
2
0
1
8
T
we
n
ti
e
t
h
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
M
id
d
le
Ea
st
P
o
we
r
S
y
ste
ms
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(
M
EP
CON)
,
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
1
1
4
0
-
1
1
4
7.
[2
0
]
M.
S
a
leh
,
F
.
Im
a
n
s
y
a
h
,
U.
A
.
Ga
n
i
a
n
d
H.
,
“
Hy
b
rid
P
S
O
-
G
S
A
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tal/
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
d
isp
a
tch
p
ro
b
lem
,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Eme
rg
i
n
g
Res
e
a
rc
h
in
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
.
1
1
2
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
1
]
M
.
T
h
iru
m
e
n
i
a
n
d
D.
T
h
a
n
g
a
v
e
lu
sa
m
y
,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
a
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
h
y
b
rid
P
S
O
–
G
S
A t
u
n
e
d
P
I
a
n
d
S
M
C
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r
f
o
r
DC
–
DC Cu
k
c
o
n
v
e
rter
,
”
IET
Cir
c
u
it
s,
De
v
ice
s
&
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
1
3
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
3
7
4
-
3
8
4
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
2
]
M
.
A
h
m
a
d
,
W
.
A
li
,
H.
F
a
ro
o
q
,
M
.
Ja
m
il
,
M
.
A
li
a
n
d
A
.
U.
Re
h
m
a
n
,
“
S
o
lv
in
g
th
e
p
ro
b
lem
o
f
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
lo
a
d
d
isp
a
tch
f
o
r
a
sm
a
ll
-
sc
a
le
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
u
sin
g
a
n
o
v
e
l
h
y
b
rid
P
S
O
-
G
S
A
a
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