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g
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m
en
o
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ed
u
.
e
g
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
b
o
ld
f
ea
tu
r
e
o
f
M
atr
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x
C
o
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v
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ter
(
MC)
o
v
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tif
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-
i
n
v
er
ter
co
n
v
er
ter
is
t
h
at
th
e
AC
ca
n
b
e
d
ir
ec
tl
y
co
n
v
er
ted
to
A
C
w
i
th
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
v
o
lta
g
e
r
m
s
v
alu
e
a
n
d
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
w
it
h
o
u
t
u
s
i
n
g
an
y
DC
lin
k
,
s
o
MC
ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
an
e
m
er
g
i
n
g
alter
n
ati
v
e
t
o
th
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
r
ec
tifie
r
-
i
n
v
er
ter
co
n
v
er
ter
.
I
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l
o
n
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
m
ag
n
it
u
d
e
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
ca
n
b
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
u
tili
zi
n
g
a
MC.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
p
h
ase
an
g
le
b
et
w
ee
n
in
p
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
an
d
in
p
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
an
d
u
n
it
y
in
p
u
t
d
is
p
lace
m
e
n
t
f
ac
to
r
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
ie
v
ed
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
is
to
p
o
lo
g
y
d
o
es
n
o
t
ta
k
e
it
s
p
r
o
p
er
p
lace
in
t
h
e
in
d
u
s
tr
y
s
o
f
ar
.
B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
ten
tia
l
co
m
m
u
tatio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
it
r
eq
u
ir
es
a
co
m
p
lex
co
n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
s
n
u
b
b
er
cir
cu
its
,
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
in
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
b
i
-
d
ir
ec
tio
n
al
s
w
itch
e
s
,
an
d
lo
w
v
o
lta
g
e
g
ain
[1
]
,
[
2]
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
a
s
tatic
R
-
L
lo
ad
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
u
s
in
g
a
MC
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
MC
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
u
s
in
g
i
n
d
ir
ec
t
s
p
ac
e
v
ec
to
r
m
o
d
u
latio
n
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
m
an
y
s
p
ac
e
v
ec
to
r
m
o
d
u
latio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
a
n
u
l
tr
a
-
m
o
d
if
ied
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
p
ac
e
v
ec
to
r
m
o
d
u
la
tio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
T
h
i
s
m
eth
o
d
h
as
lo
w
er
T
HD
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
a
n
d
m
o
d
i
f
ied
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
m
et
h
o
d
,
s
o
th
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
il
ter
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
.
First,
a
s
h
o
r
t
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
MC
is
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
.
Seco
n
d
ly
in
d
ir
ec
t
s
p
ac
e
v
ec
to
r
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
MC
is
p
r
esen
ted
s
h
o
w
i
n
g
h
o
w
to
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
f
r
o
m
in
d
ir
ec
t
co
n
v
er
ter
to
d
ir
ec
t
o
n
e
[3
]
,
[
4]
.
MC
is
u
s
ed
to
co
n
tr
o
l
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
T
h
ir
d
th
e
u
ltra
-
m
o
d
if
ied
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
Fo
u
r
th
s
i
m
u
latio
n
a
n
d
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
es
u
lts
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t o
p
er
atin
g
p
o
in
ts
ar
e
d
is
p
lay
ed
.
2.
M
AT
RIX CO
NVER
T
E
R
MC
is
a
n
AC
-
A
C
co
n
v
er
ter
th
at
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
n
i
n
e
-
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
s
w
itc
h
e
s
w
h
ich
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
a
d
ir
ec
t
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
t
h
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
i
n
p
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
w
i
th
th
e
l
o
ad
w
it
h
o
u
t
u
t
ilizi
n
g
an
y
d
c
l
in
k
s
o
M
C
ca
n
b
e
m
an
u
f
ac
t
u
r
ed
in
a
s
i
m
p
le
a
n
d
co
m
p
ac
t
f
o
r
m
.
Ma
tr
ix
co
n
v
e
r
ter
h
as
th
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
b
i
-
d
ir
ec
tio
n
al
p
o
w
er
f
lo
w
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
A
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2252
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mp
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f U
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c
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eq
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265
u
n
i
t
y
i
n
p
u
t
d
i
s
p
lace
m
e
n
t
f
ac
to
r
c
an
b
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
[
5
]
.
A
ls
o
,
it
h
as
m
i
n
i
m
al
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
a
g
e
r
e
q
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
,
w
h
ich
p
er
m
i
ts
to
d
is
p
o
s
e
o
f
m
as
s
iv
e
an
d
lif
eti
m
e
-
co
n
s
tr
ain
ed
ca
p
ac
ito
r
,
b
u
t
MC
d
o
es
n
o
t
tak
e
its
p
r
o
p
er
p
lace
in
th
e
in
d
u
s
tr
y
a
s
it
h
as
s
o
m
e
d
i
s
ad
v
an
tag
e
s
.
I
t
h
a
s
li
m
ited
i
n
p
u
t
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
tr
an
s
f
er
r
atio
to
0
.
8
6
6
f
o
r
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
in
p
u
t
a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
s
[6
]
,
[
7]
.
B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
lac
k
o
f
s
w
itc
h
es
th
at
allo
w
to
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
to
f
lo
w
i
n
b
o
t
h
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
,
s
o
m
e
MC
t
y
p
es
n
e
ed
m
o
r
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
w
itc
h
es
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
r
ec
tif
ier
–
in
v
er
ter
t
y
p
e.
I
n
p
u
t
f
ilter
s
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
h
i
g
h
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
a
n
d
cla
m
p
i
n
g
cir
cu
i
t
ar
e
n
ee
d
ed
to
p
r
o
tect
s
w
itc
h
es
f
r
o
m
o
v
er
v
o
lta
g
es
d
u
e
to
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ed
in
in
d
u
c
tiv
e
lo
ad
s
.
I
n
1
9
7
6
Gig
i
an
d
P
elly
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
a
M
C
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
m
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r
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[
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2
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
A
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2252
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mp
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5
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2
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2
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1
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ased
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Vec
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Fi
g
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r
e
6
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
[
]
[
]
[
]
[
]
(
4
)
[
]
[
]
[
]
(
5
)
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
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m
in
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i
x
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
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-
8792
IJ
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1
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6
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2
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Curre
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ier
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ier
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[
]
[
]
[
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6
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7
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T
h
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in
p
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t sp
ac
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v
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to
r
ca
n
b
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ex
p
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Fig
u
r
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ier
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i
v
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ti
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r
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i
n
p
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r
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en
t
v
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r
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s
h
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n
Fi
g
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r
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8
(
a
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h
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cu
r
r
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t
s
p
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to
r
s
tate
(
a
b
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m
ea
n
s
t
h
at
i
n
p
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t
p
h
ase
a
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
p
o
s
iti
v
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ter
m
i
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f
t
h
e
v
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d
c
lin
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VD
C
+)
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d
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t
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a
s
e
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is
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n
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ec
ted
to
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n
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a
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u
r
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(
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s
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ig
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u
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(
a)
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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A
P
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mp
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269
T
h
e
ac
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ec
to
r
s
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
ca
n
b
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as
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(
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(
1
0
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(
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(
1
1
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(
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(
1
2
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W
h
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r
ep
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n
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ce
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latio
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1
3
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2
.
2
.
3
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Vo
lt
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ter
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co
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s
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9
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SI
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to
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ate
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h
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ca
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E
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(
1
5
)
[
]
[
]
[
]
(
1
4
)
[
]
[
]
[
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(
1
5
)
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Vo
ltag
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s
o
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n
v
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ter
T
h
e
o
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tp
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t v
o
lta
g
e
s
p
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v
ec
t
o
r
ca
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b
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ex
p
r
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as
f
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w
s
:
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1
6
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T
h
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s
w
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in
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h
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ted
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eg
a
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m
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(
V
DC
−
).
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
(
a)
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h
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g
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u
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1
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(
b
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[
1
5
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8792
IJ
A
P
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
2
6
4
–
2
7
6
270
(
a)
(
b
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Fig
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10
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a)
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f
th
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
lta
g
e
v
ec
to
r
(
1
7
)
(
)
(
1
8
)
(
)
(
1
9
)
(
)
(
2
0
)
W
h
er
e,
ar
e
th
e
to
tal
d
u
r
atio
n
ti
m
e
s
o
f
th
e
v
ec
to
r
s
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
,
an
d
in
d
icate
s
t
h
e
an
g
le
o
f
t
h
e
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
w
ith
i
n
th
e
s
ec
to
r
o
f
th
e
h
e
x
a
g
o
n
.
T
h
e
is
th
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
in
d
e
x
o
f
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
d
ef
i
n
e
s
u
c
h
as
;
√
(
2
1
)
3.
SYM
M
E
T
RIC S
E
Q
UE
N
CE
AL
G
O
R
I
T
H
M
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
m
o
d
i
f
ied
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
al
g
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
s
p
ac
e
v
ec
to
r
m
o
d
u
l
atio
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
r
ed
u
ce
s
T
HD
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e.
W
h
en
th
e
d
esire
d
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
l
tag
e
v
ec
to
r
o
f
t
h
e
in
v
er
ter
lies
in
s
ec
to
r
1
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
(
b
)
.
T
h
e
in
v
er
ter
s
w
itc
h
es
〖
S
〗
_7
〖
-
S
〗
_
1
2
d
o
esn
’
t
h
a
v
e
a
s
tate
r
ep
r
esen
t t
h
is
p
o
s
itio
n
,
s
o
t
h
is
p
o
s
itio
n
ca
n
b
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
ad
j
ac
en
t v
ec
to
r
〖
V
〗
_
α
,
V_
β
〖
an
d
V
〗
_
z
w
it
h
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
d
_
α
,
〖
d
_
β
an
d
d
〗
_
z
.
T
h
e
m
a
in
d
is
ti
n
ctio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
P
W
M
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
t
h
at
u
tili
ze
ad
j
ac
en
t
v
ec
to
r
s
is
ze
r
o
v
ec
to
r
s
elec
tio
n
,
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
in
w
h
ic
h
th
e
ad
j
ac
en
t
v
ec
to
r
s
ar
e
ap
p
lied
an
d
s
p
litt
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
o
f
ea
c
h
ad
j
ac
en
t v
ec
to
r
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
3
.
1
.
Co
nv
ent
io
na
l
s
y
mm
et
ric
s
equenc
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
T
h
er
e
ar
e
m
an
y
SVM
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
s
;
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
is
s
y
m
m
e
tr
ic
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
al
g
o
r
ith
m
th
at
h
a
s
lo
w
T
HD
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
1
(
a
).
D
u
r
in
g
ea
ch
s
w
itc
h
in
g
ti
m
e
t
h
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
cles
o
f
ea
ch
v
ec
t
o
r
,
(
)
is
ca
lcu
lated
.
I
n
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
al
g
o
r
ith
m
th
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
o
f
v
ec
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r
(
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is
d
iv
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ed
to
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w
o
eq
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al
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d
,
is
d
iv
id
ed
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h
r
ee
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er
io
d
s
.
T
h
e
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
i
n
th
is
m
et
h
o
d
is
[
1
1
]
.
3
.
2
.
M
o
dified
s
y
mm
et
ric
s
eq
uenc
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
I
n
[
1
2
]
a
m
o
d
if
ied
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
s
eq
u
en
ce
al
g
o
r
ith
m
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
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th
e
m
o
d
if
icatio
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in
t
h
is
al
g
o
r
ith
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is
th
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
i
n
w
h
ic
h
t
h
e
v
ec
to
r
s
ar
e
ap
p
lied
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d
th
e
n
u
m
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er
o
f
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f
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c
h
d
u
t
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ch
v
ec
to
r
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n
th
e
m
o
d
if
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alg
o
r
ith
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t
h
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
c
le
o
f
(
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is
d
iv
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ed
to
f
o
u
r
eq
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al
p
er
io
d
s
,
is
d
iv
id
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to
f
iv
e
p
er
io
d
s
.
T
h
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
in
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
i
th
m
i
s
as
f
o
llo
w
as sh
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
(
b
)
.
3
.
3
.
Ult
ra
-
m
o
dified
s
y
mm
et
r
ic
s
equenc
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
an
u
ltr
a
-
m
o
d
i
f
ied
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
al
g
o
r
ith
m
,
s
o
th
at
to
o
v
e
r
co
m
e
th
e
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
i
f
ied
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
I
n
th
e
u
ltra
-
m
o
d
if
ied
alg
o
r
ith
m
th
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
o
f
(
)
is
d
iv
id
ed
t
o
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I
J
A
P
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SS
N:
2252
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I
mp
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f U
ltr
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ified
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271
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Fi
g
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r
e
11
(
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.
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a)
(
b
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(
c)
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u
r
e
1
1
(
a)
.
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m
m
etr
ic
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Mo
d
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m
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ic
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ic
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ith
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3
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4
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m
ple
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ent
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f
ultr
a
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m
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ric
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lg
o
rit
h
m
T
h
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ar
t
in
tr
o
d
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ce
s
h
o
w
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m
p
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m
e
n
t
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M
o
f
VSI
with
u
ltra
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m
o
d
if
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s
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m
m
etr
ic
s
eq
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en
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alg
o
r
ith
m
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
M
A
T
L
AB
Si
m
u
li
n
k
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
2
(
a
)
s
h
o
w
h
o
w
to
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
in
to
v
ec
to
r
an
g
le
an
d
v
ec
to
r
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e.
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y
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s
i
n
g
th
e
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n
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r
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er
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t
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w
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n
k
n
o
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n
u
m
b
er
o
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s
ec
to
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in
w
h
ic
h
th
e
r
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er
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ce
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u
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t
v
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ltag
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i
s
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ated
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f
th
e
r
e
f
er
en
ce
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
v
e
cto
r
o
f
th
e
VSI
lo
ca
tes
in
s
ec
to
r
1
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
2
(
a
)
th
e
i
n
v
er
t
er
s
w
itc
h
es
〖
S
〗
_7
〖
-
S
〗
_
1
2
d
o
esn
’
t
h
a
v
e
a
s
ta
te
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
is
p
o
s
itio
n
,
s
o
th
is
p
o
s
itio
n
ca
n
b
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
ad
j
ac
en
t
v
ec
to
r
〖
V
〗
_
α
,
V_
β
〖
an
d
V
〗
_
z
w
it
h
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
d
_
α
,
〖
d
_
β
an
d
d
〗
_
z.
A
f
ter
ca
lcu
latin
g
t
h
e
d
u
t
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cy
cle
s
o
f
ea
ch
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j
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en
t
v
ec
t
o
r
s
,
ev
er
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o
n
e
as
k
h
i
m
s
el
f
h
o
w
to
d
ea
l
w
it
h
ad
j
a
ce
n
t
v
ec
to
r
an
d
th
e
s
eq
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e
n
ce
i
n
w
h
ic
h
th
e
s
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
cles
ar
e
ap
p
lied
to
VSI
.
T
h
e
an
s
w
er
to
t
h
is
q
u
es
tio
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m
o
d
i
f
ied
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y
m
m
etr
i
c
s
eq
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e
n
c
e
alg
o
r
it
h
m
.
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g
u
r
e
1
2
(
b
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s
h
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w
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en
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i
n
M
A
T
L
A
B
Si
m
u
lin
k
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
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o
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ie
d
s
y
m
m
e
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ic
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eq
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e
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ce
al
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o
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ith
m
is
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ap
p
l
y
t
h
e
ze
r
o
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ec
to
r
s
f
o
r
a
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e
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o
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th
it
s
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h
is
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
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b
y
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m
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ar
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e
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t
y
o
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r
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m
p
s
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g
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o
f
a
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
t
i
m
e
eq
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a
l
to
2
µ
s
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
2
(
b
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.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
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is
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m
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g
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.
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h
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s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
2
(
b
)
an
d
s
o
o
n
.
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I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8792
IJ
A
P
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Vo
l.
7
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3
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Dec
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er
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0
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8
:
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6
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–
2
7
6
272
(
a)
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b
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Fig
u
r
e
1
2
.
I
m
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o
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l
tr
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m
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if
ied
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
s
eq
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g
o
r
ith
m
4.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
Si
m
u
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w
er
e
d
o
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e
u
s
i
n
g
MA
T
L
A
B
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.