T
E
L
KO
M
N
I
KA
T
e
lec
om
m
u
n
icat
ion
,
Com
p
u
t
i
n
g,
E
lec
t
r
on
ics
an
d
Cont
r
ol
Vol.
18
,
No.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y2020
,
pp
.
2
58
~
2
63
I
S
S
N:
1693
-
6930
,
a
c
c
r
e
dit
e
d
F
ir
s
t
G
r
a
de
by
Ke
me
nr
is
tekdikti
,
De
c
r
e
e
No:
21/E
/KP
T
/2018
DO
I
:
10.
12928/
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
.
v18i1.
12959
258
Jou
r
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al
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omepage
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tp:
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H
FSS
v
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s
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at
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s
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o
o
d
ag
r
eemen
t
w
i
t
h
m
eas
u
re
d
res
u
l
t
.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
:
M
icr
os
tr
ip
a
ntenna
M
ul
ti
ple
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
Wi
-
M
a
x
W
ir
e
les
s
loca
l
a
r
e
a
ne
twor
k
Th
i
s
i
s
a
n
o
p
en
a
c
ces
s
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
i
ce
n
s
e
.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
din
g
A
u
th
or
:
Aka
nks
ha
Gupta
,
In
s
t
i
t
u
t
e
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
eer
i
n
g
an
d
T
ech
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
Bu
n
d
el
k
h
a
n
d
U
n
i
v
ers
i
t
y
,
J
h
a
n
s
i
,
I
n
d
i
a
.
E
mail
:
a
kku
.
gupta6@
gmail.
c
om
1.
I
NT
RODU
C
T
I
ON
T
he
r
a
pid
p
r
ogr
e
s
s
ion
of
wi
r
e
les
s
s
ys
tem
a
c
c
e
ler
a
te
int
e
r
e
s
t
in
mul
ti
ba
nd,
low
c
os
t,
li
gh
t
we
ight
e
d,
c
ompac
t
pa
tch
a
ntenna
s
howe
ve
r
the
c
onve
nti
ona
l
mi
c
r
os
tr
ip
a
ntenna
s
s
uf
f
e
r
with
s
e
ve
r
a
l
li
mi
tation
s
s
uc
h
a
s
na
r
r
ow
ba
ndwidth,
low
ga
in
a
nd
low
e
f
f
icie
nc
y.
T
o
ove
r
c
ome
thes
e
li
mi
tations
many
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
s
wor
ke
d
on
it
s
ince
the
1980s
[
1
-
5]
,
s
ti
ll
the
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
is
in
pr
o
c
e
s
s
to
de
s
ign
c
ompac
t
s
ize
,
mul
ti
ba
nd
a
nd
high
g
a
in
pa
tch
a
ntenna
s
.
Now
a
da
ys
it
is
de
s
ir
a
ble
to
de
s
ign
a
n
a
ntenna
whic
h
int
e
gr
a
te
a
s
many
a
ppl
ica
ti
ons
s
uc
h
a
s
GPS
,
w
ir
e
les
s
a
r
e
a
ne
twor
k
(
W
L
AN
)
W
i
-
F
i,
W
i
-
M
a
x,
R
F
I
D,
int
o
a
s
ingl
e
de
vice
.
F
or
thi
s
r
e
a
s
ons
many
de
s
igns
li
ke
dua
l
ba
nd
F
-
s
ha
pe
pr
int
e
d
monopol
e
a
ntenna
[
5]
,
mul
ti
ba
nd
s
lot
a
ntenna
[
6
]
,
d
e
f
e
c
ted
g
r
oun
d
(
DG
S
)
mul
ti
ba
nd
pa
tch
a
ntenna
[
7]
,
tr
ipl
e
ba
nd
e
-
s
ha
pe
pa
tch
a
ntenna
[
8]
,
s
tub
loade
d
mul
ti
ba
nd
s
lot
ted
a
ntenna
[
9]
,
t
r
i
-
ba
nd
mi
c
r
os
tr
ip
a
ntenna
[
10]
a
nd
tr
ipl
e
ba
nd
f
r
a
c
tal
mi
c
r
os
tr
ip
a
ntenna
[
11
]
ha
ve
be
e
n
pr
opos
e
d.
C
ompac
t
mul
ti
ba
nd
monopol
e
[
12]
ha
d
s
mall
s
ize
of
30
×
34
×
.
8m.
m
.
3
but
t
he
de
s
ign
is
c
ompl
e
x
in
s
tr
uc
tur
e
a
nd
the
maximu
m
a
ntenna
ga
in
is
-
1
d
B
i
f
or
2
GH
z
,
1
dB
i
f
or
3.
5
GH
z
,
a
nd
3
.
5
dB
i
f
o
r
5
GH
z
,
e
-
s
lot
a
ntenna
in
[
8]
ha
s
maximum
ga
in
a
t
two
r
e
s
ona
nt
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
is
1.
5
dB
i
a
nd
tot
a
l
s
ize
o
f
a
ntenna
is
80x100x1.
6m.
m
3
.
,
the
d
ua
l
ba
nd
monopol
e
a
nten
na
in
[
6]
ha
d
s
ize
35x40x1
.
6m.
m
.
3
with
ga
in
1
.
8
7
dbi
a
t
2.
45
GH
z
f
r
e
que
nc
y
a
nd
2.
88
dbi
a
t
5.
18
GH
z
.
I
n
r
e
gular
mi
c
r
os
tr
ip
a
ntenna
the
dua
l
,
tr
ipl
e
a
nd
m
ult
i
ba
nd
r
e
s
pons
e
a
r
e
obtaine
d
with
r
e
s
pe
c
t
to
f
unda
menta
l
a
nd
ne
xt
higher
or
de
r
mode
r
e
s
ona
nc
e
f
r
e
que
nc
y,
but
the
r
a
diation
pa
tt
e
r
n
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
is
ti
c
s
not
r
e
mains
c
o
ns
tant
ove
r
two,
thr
e
e
o
r
mul
t
i
f
r
e
que
n
c
ies
[
8]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
ol
M
odif
ied
e
-
s
lot
ted
patch
antenna
for
W
L
A
N
/W
i
-
M
ax
s
atelli
te
appli
c
ati
ons
(
A
k
ank
s
ha
Gupta
)
259
2.
M
E
T
HO
DOL
OG
Y
I
n
thi
s
pr
opos
e
d
wor
k
the
mul
ti
ba
nd
ope
r
a
ti
on
is
obtaine
d
by
s
lot
c
utt
ing
method,
f
o
r
the
identica
l
r
a
diation
pa
tt
e
r
n
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
is
ti
c
a
s
we
c
ut
the
s
lot
on
the
pa
tch
the
higher
or
de
r
modes
is
ge
ne
r
a
ted
ne
a
r
to
the
f
unda
menta
l
mode
w
hich
br
oa
de
n
the
im
pe
d
a
nc
e
ba
ndwidth
[
9]
.
T
he
loca
ti
on
of
the
f
e
e
d
s
tr
ip
ha
s
a
s
igni
f
ica
nt
e
f
f
e
c
t
on
im
pe
da
nc
e
ba
ndwidth
a
nd
r
a
diation
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
is
ti
c
s
.
A
s
ingl
e
laye
r
,
c
ompac
t
mul
ti
ba
nd
mi
c
r
os
tr
ip
a
ntenna
is
de
s
c
r
ibed.
P
a
r
a
metr
ic
s
tudy
of
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
pa
r
a
me
ter
s
is
a
ls
o
r
e
por
ted
to
obtain
the
be
s
t
r
e
s
ult
s
.
T
he
p
r
opos
e
d
a
ntenna
is
be
tt
e
r
than
the
wor
k
s
tudi
e
d
in
li
ter
a
tu
r
e
whic
h
is
s
hown
with
th
e
he
lp
of
T
a
ble
1.
T
a
ble1
.
C
ompar
is
on
with
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
wor
k
R
e
f
. A
nt
.
N
o. of
ba
nd
A
nt
e
nna
di
me
ns
io
ns
R
e
s
ona
nt
f
r
e
que
nc
y (
G
H
z
)
T
ot
a
l
s
iz
e
[
6]
2
35
×
40
×
1
.
6
2.45, 5.18
2240
m.m
.
3
[
8]
3
80
×
100
×
1.59
.738, .922, .970
12720m.m
.
3
[
9]
4
80
×
50
×
1
.
59
.667,.826,.889,1.081
6360m
.
m
.
3
[
13]
4
44
×
56
×
.
8
1.575,2.45,3.5,5.2
1971.2m.m
3
[
1
4
]
3
85
×
85
×
1.57
2.1, 3.8, 5.3
11343.25 mm
.
[1
5
]
2
32
×
30
×
3
.
175
1.56, 2.47
3048mm
.
3
0
4
8
M
M
.
P
r
opos
e
d
A
nt
e
nna
8
30
×
50
×
.
8
1.165,
3.665, 4.605, 5.095, 6.01,
6.835, 8.045, 8.81
1200m.m
.
3
3.
AN
T
E
NN
A
DE
S
I
GN
F
ig
ur
e
1
s
hows
the
s
tr
uc
tur
e
of
modi
f
ied
e
-
s
lot
ted
pa
tch
a
ntenna
,
whic
h
c
ons
is
ts
of
a
f
ive
hor
izonta
l
r
e
c
tangula
r
s
lot
s
,
a
nd
one
r
e
c
tangula
r
ve
r
ti
c
a
l
s
lot
on
the
r
a
diating
pa
tch,
the
pr
opos
e
d
a
ntenna
de
s
ig
n
pr
int
e
d
on
glas
s
e
poxy
s
ubs
tr
a
te
of
r
e
lative
pe
r
mi
tt
ivi
ty
ε
r
4.
4
,
los
s
tange
nt
.
0013
a
nd
s
u
bs
tr
a
te
he
ight
(
h
)
is
.
8m
.
m.
A
mi
c
r
os
tr
ip
l
ine
f
e
e
d
tec
hnique
is
us
e
f
or
givi
ng
t
he
input
powe
r
,
a
s
de
picte
d
in
F
igur
e
1,
the
f
e
e
d
li
ne
ha
s
a
width
W
F
=
3
mm
to
a
c
hieve
a
n
im
pe
da
nc
e
of
5
0Ω
.
T
he
s
ide
view
of
pr
opos
e
d
de
s
ign
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
2
.
Due
to
mul
ti
ple
s
lot
s
a
ntenna
r
e
s
ona
te
a
t
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
,
f
ir
s
t
ba
nd
r
e
s
ona
te
a
t
1.
165
GH
z
c
ove
r
the
f
r
e
que
nc
y
ba
nd
of
1.
02
-
1.
31
GH
z
f
o
r
GPS
s
y
s
tem,
s
e
c
ond
ba
nd
r
e
s
ona
nt
f
r
e
que
nc
y
is
3.
665
GH
z
c
ove
r
the
f
r
e
que
nc
y
ba
nd
3.
63
-
3.
7
GH
z
f
or
,
f
or
th
b
a
nd
r
e
s
ona
nt
f
r
e
que
nc
y
is
4.
605
GH
z
c
ove
r
the
ba
nd
4.
57
-
4.
64
GH
z
f
or
,
5
.
095
GH
z
c
ove
r
the
ba
nd
5
.
06
-
5.
13
GH
z
f
or
I
E
E
E
W
L
AN
s
tanda
r
ds
,
6.
01
G
Hz
c
ove
r
the
ba
nd
6.
36
-
6.
46
GH
z
,
6
.
835
GH
z
,
8
.
045
GH
z
c
ove
r
8.
01
-
8.
08
GH
z
,
8
.
81GH
z
,
c
ove
r
8
.
76
-
8.
86
GH
z
.
T
he
dim
e
ns
ions
of
p
r
opos
e
d
de
s
ign
given
in
T
a
ble
2
a
r
e
op
ti
mum
d
im
e
ns
ions
to
obtaine
d
mul
ti
ba
nd
s
.
F
igur
e
1.
T
op
view
o
f
pr
opos
e
d
de
s
ign
F
igur
e
2.
S
ide
view
of
pr
opos
e
d
de
s
ign
T
a
ble
2
.
Optim
um
dim
e
ns
ions
of
pr
opos
e
d
de
s
ign
(
a
ll
unit
s
in
mm
)
P
a
r
a
me
r
te
r
s
L
G
W
G
L
P
L
1
W
1
L
2
L
3
W
2
D
im
e
ns
io
ns
30
50
26
5
21
10
22.5
20
P
a
r
a
me
r
te
r
s
W
3
W
4
L
4
L
5
W
5
D
W
F
L
F
D
im
e
ns
io
ns
3
16
19.5
10
3
.5
3
3
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
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N
:
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T
E
L
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NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
ol
,
Vol.
18
,
No.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
2020:
2
58
-
2
63
260
4.
AN
AL
YSI
S
OF
P
RO
P
OS
E
D
DE
S
I
GN
R
e
c
tangula
r
pa
tch
is
c
ons
ider
e
d
a
s
a
pa
r
a
ll
e
l
c
ombi
na
ti
on
of
R
1
,
L
1
C
1
a
s
s
hown
in
F
ig
ur
e
3
a
c
c
or
ding
to
c
a
vit
y
model
,
a
nd
the
va
lue
o
f
whic
h
a
r
e
given
a
s
[
16
,
17
]:
F
igur
e
3
.
E
qu
ivale
nt
c
ir
c
uit
of
r
e
c
tangula
r
pa
tch
1
=
0
−
2
(
0
/
)
2ℎ
(
1)
1
=
1
(
2)
1
=
1
2
⁄
1
(
3)
=
√
8
ℎ
(
4)
whe
r
e
1
1
1
,
,
L
R
C
a
r
e
the
f
e
d
r
e
c
tangula
r
pa
tch
a
ntenna
e
qui
va
lent
c
ir
c
uit
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
,
Q
r
is
the
tot
a
l
qua
li
ty
f
a
c
tor
of
the
pa
tch,
f
is
the
r
e
s
ona
nt
f
r
e
que
nc
y
of
the
pa
tch
,
L
P
a
nd
W
P
a
r
e
the
length
a
nd
width
of
the
r
e
c
tangula
r
pa
tch,
a
nd
h
is
the
thi
c
kne
s
s
of
the
s
ubs
tr
a
te
mate
r
ial,
y
0
is
the
x
c
o
-
or
dinate
o
f
the
f
e
e
d
point
f
r
om
the
c
e
nter
.
He
r
e
ω
=
2π
f
a
nd
ε
e
ff
=
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
pe
r
mi
tt
iv
it
y
o
f
th
e
medium
whic
h
is
g
iven
a
s
[
18
,
19]
:
=
+
+
−
(
1
+
10ℎ
⁄
)
−
1
2
(
5
)
the
r
e
s
ona
nt
f
o
f
th
e
f
e
d
pa
tch
is
c
a
lcula
ted
a
s
[
20
]
:
=
2
√
(
6
)
whe
r
e
c
=
ve
locity
o
f
li
gh
t
in
f
r
e
e
s
pa
c
e
.
T
he
im
pe
da
nc
e
of
f
e
d
pa
tch
a
c
c
or
ding
to
the
e
quiv
a
lent
c
ir
c
uit
is
given
a
s
:
1
=
(
1
1
1
+
1
1
+
1
)
(
7
)
mi
c
r
o
s
tr
ip
li
ne
is
c
ons
ider
e
d
a
s
the
pa
r
a
ll
e
l
c
ombi
na
ti
on
of
s
tr
ip
inducta
nc
e
L
L
1
a
nd
the
s
tr
ip
c
a
pa
c
it
a
nc
e
C
L1
a
s
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
4
is
c
a
lcula
ted
a
s
[
2
1
-
26
]
:
=
√
(
(
/
)
−
)
(
8
)
1
=
ℎ
(
40
.
5
(
/
−
1
)
−
75
(
/
)
+
.
2
(
/
−
1
)
2
whe
r
e
W
f
the
width
o
f
f
e
e
d
s
tr
ip
,
the
mi
c
r
os
tr
ip
li
ne
im
pe
da
nc
e
Z
L
1
de
pe
nds
on
s
tr
ip
inducta
nc
e
L
L1
a
nd
s
tr
ip
c
a
pa
c
it
a
nc
e
C
L1
is
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
4.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
ol
M
odif
ied
e
-
s
lot
ted
patch
antenna
for
W
L
A
N
/W
i
-
M
ax
s
atelli
te
appli
c
ati
ons
(
A
k
ank
s
ha
Gupta
)
261
F
igur
e
4
.
E
qu
ivale
nt
c
ir
c
uit
f
or
mi
c
r
os
tr
ip
f
e
e
d
tot
a
l
im
pe
da
nc
e
of
the
s
tr
ip
is
given
a
s
:
=
+
+
(
9
)
5.
RE
S
UL
T
AN
D
DI
S
CU
S
S
I
ONS
F
igur
e
5
s
hows
the
mea
s
ur
e
d
r
e
s
ult
of
S
11
im
p
e
da
nc
e
ba
ndwidth
be
low
-
10
dB
r
e
tur
n
los
s
of
pr
opos
e
d
de
s
ign
a
t
h
=
.
8m.
m.
,
a
nd
F
igu
r
e
6
s
hows
the
c
ompar
is
on
gr
a
ph
of
mea
s
ur
e
d
r
e
s
ult
a
nd
s
im
ulate
d
r
e
s
ult
of
pr
opos
e
d
de
s
ign.
T
he
pr
op
os
e
d
de
s
ign
r
e
s
ona
te
a
t
e
ight
r
e
s
ona
nt
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
,
1.
165,
3.
66
5,
4.
605
,
5.
095,
6
.
01,
6.
835
,
8.
045
,
8
.
81
GH
z
in
th
e
s
im
ul
a
ted
with
the
maximum
r
e
tu
r
n
los
s
of
-
30
dB
a
s
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
6
.
T
he
e
f
f
e
c
t
of
va
r
iation
of
s
ubs
tr
a
te
thi
c
k
ne
s
s
(
h)
on
number
of
r
e
s
ona
nt
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
is
a
l
s
o
a
na
lyze
d
a
s
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
7
.
T
he
s
ubs
tr
a
te
thi
c
kne
s
s
is
va
r
ied
f
r
om
.
8m
.
m.
to
2m.
m.
a
t
h=
.
8m
.
m
.
1
.
2m
.
m.
1
.
6m.
m
.
a
nd
2m.
m
.
f
r
om
the
s
im
ulate
d
r
e
s
ult
it
is
obs
e
r
ve
d
that
a
t
h=
.
8m.
m.
a
ntenna
r
e
s
ona
te
a
t
e
ight
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
a
nd
maximum
r
e
tur
n
los
s
-
30
dB
is
a
c
hieve
d.
W
hil
e
,
a
t
h
=
1
.
2
m.
m.
a
ntenna
r
e
s
ona
te
a
t
s
ix
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
,
a
t
h
=
1.
6m.
m
.
a
ga
in
a
ntenna
r
e
s
ona
te
a
t
s
ix
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
,
a
nd
h=
2
m.
m
a
ntenna
r
e
s
ona
te
a
t
th
r
e
e
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
s
o
it
is
obs
e
r
ve
d
a
s
we
incr
e
a
s
e
the
s
ubs
tr
a
te
thi
c
kne
s
s
les
s
ba
nd
is
obtaine
d.
F
igur
e
8
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nts
the
c
ur
r
e
nt
dis
tr
ibut
i
on
on
the
pa
tch
a
t
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
r
e
s
ona
nt
f
r
e
que
nc
y
a
nd
the
mag
nit
ude
of
the
c
ur
r
e
nt
is
given
in
the
table
a
tt
a
c
he
d.
I
t
c
a
n
be
e
a
s
il
y
c
onc
luded
with
the
c
ur
r
e
nt
dis
tr
ibut
ion
t
ha
t
c
ur
r
e
nt
is
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ted
ne
a
r
the
s
lot
s
whic
h
ha
s
a
s
igni
f
ica
nt
e
f
f
e
c
t
on
the
im
pe
da
nc
e
ba
ndwidth.
T
a
ble
3
s
hows
dis
tr
ibut
ion
of
e
i
ght
ba
nd
o
f
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
on
whic
h
the
pr
opos
e
d
de
s
ign
r
e
s
ona
tes
.
F
ig
ur
e
5.
M
e
a
s
ur
e
ment
r
e
s
ult
of
S
11
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
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N
:
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-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
ol
,
Vol.
18
,
No.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
2020:
2
58
-
2
63
262
F
igur
e
6.
S
im
ulate
d
a
nd
mea
s
ur
e
d
r
e
s
ult
s
S
11
of
p
r
opos
e
d
de
s
ign
F
igur
e
7
.
S
im
ulate
d
r
e
s
ult
s
of
S
11
a
t
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
thi
c
kne
s
s
F
igur
e
8.
C
ur
r
e
nt
dis
tr
ibut
ion
on
the
pa
tch
a
t
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
T
a
ble3.
Dis
tr
ibut
ion
of
f
r
e
que
nc
y
ba
nds
F
r
e
que
nc
y
ba
nd N
o.
F
L
(
G
H
z
)
F
H
(
G
H
z
)
F
c
(
G
H
z
)
1
1.02
1.31
1.165
2
3.63
3.7
3.665
3
4.57
4.64
4.605
4
5.06
5.13
5.095
5
5.97
6.05
6.01
6
6.76
6.91
6.835
7
8.01
8.08
8.045
8
8.76
8.86
8.81
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
ol
M
odif
ied
e
-
s
lot
ted
patch
antenna
for
W
L
A
N
/W
i
-
M
ax
s
atelli
te
appli
c
ati
ons
(
A
k
ank
s
ha
Gupta
)
263
6.
CONC
L
USI
ON
A
low
pr
of
il
e
,
mul
ti
ba
nd
a
ntenna
is
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ull
y
de
s
igned
f
or
va
r
ious
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
with
good
c
ur
r
e
nt
dis
tr
ibut
ion
.
T
he
a
ntenna
de
s
igned
is
s
i
mpl
e
in
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
a
nd
c
ompac
t
in
na
tur
e
.
E
ight
ba
nds
of
f
r
e
que
nc
y
a
r
e
a
c
hieve
d
with
a
s
im
ple
s
tr
uc
tur
e
.
Als
o
the
e
f
f
e
c
t
o
f
s
ubs
tr
a
te
thi
c
kne
s
s
is
s
tudi
e
d
a
nd
be
s
t
r
e
s
ult
is
ob
taine
d
a
t
0
.
8
mm
thi
c
kne
s
s
whic
h
is
low.
M
a
thema
ti
c
a
l
a
na
lys
is
o
f
the
de
s
igned
is
p
r
e
s
e
nted,
the
s
im
ulate
d
r
e
s
ult
o
f
s
11
is
in
good
a
gr
e
e
ment
with
the
mea
s
ur
e
d
r
e
s
ult
.
T
he
a
ntenna
is
be
tt
e
r
th
a
n
many
a
ntenna
s
e
xis
ts
in
s
ize
,
in
number
o
f
ba
nds
a
nd
c
u
r
r
e
nt
dis
tr
ibut
ion
.
RE
F
E
RE
NC
E
S
[1
]
G.
A
.
D
es
ch
amp
s
,
“
Mi
cro
s
t
r
i
p
mi
cr
o
w
a
v
e
an
t
en
n
as
,
”
Pr
o
c.
3
rd
U
SA
F
s
y
mp
o
s
i
u
m
o
n
an
t
e
n
n
a
s
,
1
9
5
3
.
[2
]
R.
E
.
Mu
n
s
o
n
,
“
Si
n
g
l
e
s
l
o
t
ca
v
i
t
y
an
t
en
n
as
a
s
s
em
b
l
y
,
”
U
.
S.
p
at
en
t
n
o
.
3
7
1
3
1
6
2
,
J
an
u
ary
2
3
,
1
9
7
3
.
[3
]
R.
E
.
Mu
n
s
o
n
,
“Co
n
f
o
rmal
mi
cr
o
s
t
ri
p
an
t
e
n
n
a
s
an
d
m
i
cr
o
s
t
r
i
p
p
h
a
s
ed
array
s
,
’’
IE
E
E
Tr
a
n
s
.
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
s
P
r
o
p
a
g
a
t
i
o
n
,
vol.
2
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
74
–
78
,
1
9
7
4
.
[4
]
J.
Q
.
H
o
w
el
l
,
“
Mi
cro
s
t
r
i
p
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
s
,”
IE
E
E
Tr
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
s
a
n
d
P
r
o
p
a
g
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
23,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
90
–
93
,
1
9
7
5
.
[5
]
I.
J
.
Bah
l
,
et
al
.
,
“
Mi
cro
s
t
r
i
p
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
s
,
”
D
ed
h
am,
MA
:
a
rt
ech
h
o
u
s
e,
1
9
8
0
.
[6
]
J
y
o
t
i
ran
j
a
n
et
al
.
,
“
An
F
-
s
h
ap
e
d
p
ri
n
t
e
d
mo
n
o
p
o
l
e
an
t
en
n
a
fo
r
d
u
a
l
-
b
a
n
d
RFID
an
d
W
L
A
N
ap
p
l
i
ca
t
i
o
n
s
,”
M
i
c
r
o
w
a
ve
a
n
d
O
p
t
i
ca
l
Tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
Le
t
t
e
r
s
,
v
o
l
.
53
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
1
4
7
8
-
1
4
8
1
,
2
0
1
1
[7
]
Meh
r
-
e
-
Mu
n
i
r
e
t
al
.
,
“
Mu
l
t
i
b
an
d
mi
cr
o
s
t
ri
p
p
a
t
ch
a
n
t
en
n
a
u
s
i
n
g
D
G
S
fo
r
L
-
Ban
d
,
s
-
b
a
n
d
,
c
-
b
a
n
d
a
n
d
m
o
b
i
l
e
ap
p
l
i
ca
t
i
o
n
s
,”
In
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
r
en
ce
o
n
M
o
d
er
n
P
r
o
b
l
e
m
s
o
f
R
a
d
i
o
E
n
g
i
n
eer
i
n
g
,
Tel
ec
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
t
er
S
c
i
en
ce
(TC
S
E
T)
,
2
0
1
6
.
[8
]
A
mi
t
A
.
D
es
h
mu
k
h
a
e
t
al
.
“
T
ri
p
l
e
b
an
d
E
-
s
h
ap
e
d
Mi
c
ro
s
t
ri
p
A
n
t
e
n
n
a,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
co
n
f
e
r
en
ce
o
n
a
d
va
n
ce
s
in
co
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
&
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
t
i
o
n
s
,
2
0
1
6
.
[9
]
A.
A
.
d
es
h
m
u
k
h
,
K
.
P.
Ray
,
“St
u
b
l
o
a
d
ed
mu
l
t
i
b
a
n
d
s
l
o
t
t
ed
rect
a
n
g
u
l
ar
mi
cro
s
t
r
i
p
an
t
en
n
as
,”
IE
T
m
i
cr
o
w
a
ve
a
n
t
en
n
a
s
a
n
d
p
r
o
p
o
g
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
3
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
5
2
9
-
5
3
5
,
2
0
0
9
.
[1
0
]
G
eh
a
n
s
am
i
,
et
al
.
“T
ri
-
b
an
d
mi
cr
o
s
t
ri
p
an
t
e
n
n
a
d
es
i
g
n
fo
r
w
i
rel
es
s
a
p
p
l
i
ca
t
i
o
n
s
,
”
NR
JA
G
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
A
s
t
r
o
n
o
m
y
and
G
eo
p
h
y
s
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
2
,
p
p
.
39
-
44
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
1
]
Mi
r
h
ame
d
rezv
a
n
i
,
et
a
l
.
“D
es
i
g
n
o
f
mu
l
t
i
-
b
a
n
d
mi
cro
s
t
ri
p
an
t
e
n
n
a
f
o
r
w
i
rel
e
s
s
co
mm
u
n
i
cat
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
IT
U
ap
p
l
i
ca
t
i
o
n
s
,”
Na
t
l
.
A
ca
d
.
S
ci
.
Let
t
.
,
v
o
l
.
4
0
,
p
p
.
3
3
1
–
3
3
4
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
2
]
A
.
R.
J
al
al
i
,
et
al
.
co
mp
act
mu
l
t
i
b
a
n
d
mo
n
o
p
o
l
e
“
an
t
e
n
n
a
fo
r
u
mt
s
,
w
i
max
,
an
d
w
l
a
n
ap
p
l
i
ca
t
i
o
n
s
,
m
i
c
r
o
w
a
ve
a
n
d
o
p
t
i
c
a
l
t
ec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
l
et
t
er
s
,
v
o
l
.
58
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
8
4
4
-
8
4
7
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
3
]
Y.
F.
Cao
et
al
.
“A
mu
l
t
i
b
an
d
s
l
o
t
an
t
e
n
n
a
fo
r
G
PS/
W
i
ma
x
/
W
l
a
n
s
y
s
t
em
,”
IE
E
E
t
r
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
a
n
d
p
r
o
p
o
g
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
6
3
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
9
5
2
-
9
5
8
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
4
]
E
d
w
i
n
L
.
,
et
al
.
”
A
n
ew
t
ri
p
l
e
b
an
d
mi
cro
s
t
r
i
p
fract
a
l
an
t
en
n
a
fo
r
C
-
b
an
d
an
d
S
-
b
an
d
ap
p
l
i
ca
t
i
o
n
s
,”
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
m
i
c
r
o
wa
ves
,
o
p
t
o
el
ec
t
r
o
n
i
cs
a
n
d
e
l
ect
r
o
m
a
g
n
e
t
i
c
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
1
0
-
2
2
4
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
5
]
B.
R.
San
j
eev
a
et
al
.
“Si
ze
mi
n
i
a
t
u
r
i
zat
i
o
n
o
f
s
l
i
t
-
b
as
e
d
ci
rcu
l
ar
p
at
ch
an
t
en
n
a
w
i
t
h
d
efec
t
ed
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
t
ru
c
t
u
r
e
,”
M
i
c
r
o
w
a
ve
a
n
d
O
p
t
i
ca
l
Tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
Le
t
t
e
r
,
v
o
l
.
5
7
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
2
4
1
0
-
2
4
1
3
,
2
0
1
5
[1
6
]
A
k
a
n
k
s
h
a
g
u
p
t
a,
et
al
.
“
T
h
eo
re
t
i
ca
l
an
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
g
ap
c
o
u
p
l
e
d
mi
cro
s
t
r
i
p
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
,”
In
d
o
n
es
i
a
n
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
l
ect
r
i
ca
l
E
n
g
i
n
eer
i
n
g
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
t
e
r
S
ci
e
n
ce
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
5
6
7
-
5
7
6
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
7
]
T
ay
f
u
n
g
u
n
e
l
,
“Mo
d
i
f
i
ed
res
o
n
a
n
t
fre
q
u
e
n
cy
ca
l
cu
l
at
i
o
n
fo
r
e
-
s
h
a
p
ed
a
n
d
h
s
h
a
p
ed
m
i
cro
s
t
r
i
p
p
at
c
h
an
t
e
n
n
as
,
”
m
i
c
r
o
wa
ve
a
n
d
o
p
t
i
ca
l
t
ech
n
o
l
o
g
y
l
e
t
t
e
r
s
,
v
o
l
.
5
3
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
2
3
4
8
-
2
3
5
1
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
8
]
V
i
v
ek
S
i
n
g
h
“
A
n
c
h
o
r
s
h
a
p
e
g
a
p
co
u
p
l
ed
p
at
c
h
an
t
en
n
a
fo
r
W
i
MA
X
an
d
W
L
A
N
ap
p
l
i
cat
i
o
n
s
,”
T
h
e
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
j
o
u
r
n
a
l
f
o
r
c
o
m
p
u
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
s
i
n
el
e
ct
r
i
ca
l
a
n
d
e
l
ect
r
o
n
i
c
en
g
i
n
eer
i
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
38
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
6
3
-
2
8
6
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
9
]
X
i
n
g
l
o
n
g
G
u
o
,
et
al
.
“
D
e
s
i
g
n
an
d
fab
ri
ca
t
i
o
n
o
f
mi
n
i
at
u
ri
ze
d
l
o
o
p
d
u
al
-
b
an
d
fract
a
l
an
t
e
n
n
a
b
a
s
ed
o
n
t
h
e
s
i
l
i
co
n
s
u
b
s
t
r
at
e
,”
M
i
cr
o
wa
ve
a
n
d
O
p
t
i
c
a
l
Tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
Let
t
er
s
,
v
o
l
.
50
,
n
o
.
2,
p
p
.
3
6
3
-
3
6
5
,
2
0
0
8
.
[2
0
]
A
n
g
Iren
e
,
et
al
.
“A
n
u
l
t
ra
-
w
i
d
e
b
an
d
s
t
ack
e
d
mi
cro
s
t
ri
p
p
at
ch
an
t
en
n
a
,
”
M
i
cr
o
wa
ve
a
n
d
O
p
t
i
c
a
l
Tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
Let
t
e
r
s
,
v
o
l
.
49
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
1
6
5
9
-
1
6
6
5
,
2
0
0
7
.
[2
1
]
K
.
P.
Ray
,
et
al
.
“G
ap
co
u
p
l
e
d
rect
an
g
u
l
ar
mi
cr
o
s
t
ri
p
an
t
en
n
as
fo
r
d
u
a
l
an
d
t
ri
p
l
e
fre
q
u
e
n
cy
o
p
era
t
i
o
n
,
”
M
i
cr
o
w
a
ve
a
n
d
O
p
t
i
c
a
l
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
Let
t
er
s
,
v
o
l
.
49
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
4
8
0
-
1
4
8
6
,
2
0
0
7
.
[2
2
]
N.
T
.
Ch
an
g
et
al
.
“E
n
h
a
n
ce
g
ai
n
an
d
b
an
d
w
i
d
t
h
o
f
ci
rc
u
l
arl
y
p
o
l
ari
ze
d
mi
cro
s
t
r
i
p
p
a
t
ch
an
t
en
n
a
u
s
i
n
g
g
ap
-
c
o
u
p
l
ed
met
h
o
d
,
”
P
r
o
g
r
e
s
s
in
E
l
ect
r
o
m
a
g
n
e
t
i
c
s
R
es
e
a
r
c
h
,
P
IE
R
96,
p
p
.
1
2
8
-
1
3
9
,
2
0
0
9
.
[2
3
]
Bi
n
o
d
K
u
mar
K
a
n
au
j
i
a
,
et
al
.
“A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
an
d
d
es
i
g
n
o
f
g
ap
co
u
p
l
ed
an
n
u
l
a
r
ri
n
g
mi
cr
o
s
t
ri
p
an
t
e
n
n
a
,
”
In
t
er
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J.
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
a
n
d
p
r
o
p
o
g
a
t
i
o
n
H
i
n
d
a
w
i
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
4
]
J
.
A
.
A
n
s
ar
i
et
al
.
,
“A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
s
h
o
rt
i
n
g
p
i
n
l
o
ad
e
d
h
al
f
d
i
s
k
mi
cro
s
t
r
i
p
an
t
en
n
a
fo
r
w
i
d
e
b
an
d
o
p
era
t
i
o
n
”,
P
r
o
g
r
es
s
in
E
l
ect
r
o
m
a
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