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v
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1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
I
n
r
ec
en
t
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s
,
f
i
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5
G)
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NOM
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NOM
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s
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s
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tr
al
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f
icie
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c
y
i
m
p
r
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v
e
m
en
t
[
1
]
-
[
3
]
an
d
h
ig
h
er
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
e
f
f
icien
c
y
[
4
]
,
[
5
]
.
A
s
o
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f
d
if
f
er
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ce
s
w
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f
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e
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n
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llatio
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SI
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[
6
]
-
[
8
]
.
I
n
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A
s
y
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te
m
,
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h
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n
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f
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id
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b
ased
o
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ei
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n
e
l
co
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itio
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s
.
Ho
w
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s
u
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w
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eq
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ir
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o
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w
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.
R
ec
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n
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o
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e
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d
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p
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ativ
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tech
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f
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a
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ce
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f
ar
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s
er
in
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
t
w
o
u
s
er
s
[
9
]
-
[
1
3
]
.
R
ef
er
en
ce
[
9
]
s
tu
d
ied
er
r
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
co
o
p
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ativ
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-
NOM
A
,
an
d
th
e
y
also
p
r
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v
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e
ex
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d
-
to
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n
d
b
it
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b
ab
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.
A
s
u
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u
s
er
r
ela
y
in
g
(
SR
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w
as
s
t
u
d
ied
in
[
1
0
]
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
s
p
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al
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f
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y
o
f
co
o
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ativ
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NO
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te
m
.
I
n
th
e
p
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s
c
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m
e,
s
ig
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s
f
r
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b
ase
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tatio
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icate
d
to
p
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s
s
in
a
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HD)
u
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.
Su
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an
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f
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w
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T
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[
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f
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a
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T
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[
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NOM
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I
n
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m
m
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[
1
2
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ex
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w
it
h
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6930
T
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KOM
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K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
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t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
1
7
9
5
-
180
2
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b
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to
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A
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1
3
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.
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ted
in
th
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v
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s
[
1
1
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[
1
3
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w
h
ich
r
es
u
lts
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n
lo
w
s
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tr
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f
f
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th
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tr
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f
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c
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n
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r
ela
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ab
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to
em
p
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y
f
u
ll
-
d
u
p
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x
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FD)
s
ch
e
m
e
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
.
Ho
w
ev
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r
,
in
ter
-
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s
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in
ter
f
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d
s
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ce
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SI)
at
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y
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t
o
cc
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r
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d
s
u
ch
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it
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s
u
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s
i
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n
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ican
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l
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n
f
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s
y
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o
tak
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ten
n
a
is
o
latio
n
an
d
an
alo
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ca
n
ce
llat
io
n
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
f
o
r
SI
ca
n
ce
llatio
n
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
[
1
6
]
an
d
[
1
7
]
.
M
o
tiv
ated
b
y
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h
is
,
r
ec
en
t
s
t
u
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ies
h
a
v
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ted
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e
co
m
b
in
a
tio
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o
f
NOM
A
an
d
FD
r
ela
y
[
1
8
]
-
[
2
4
]
.
R
ef
er
en
ce
[
2
4
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
FD
-
N
OM
A
s
y
s
te
m
,
i
n
w
h
ich
n
ea
r
NOM
A
u
s
er
is
ab
le
to
co
m
m
u
n
icate
w
i
th
a
b
ase
s
tatio
n
(
B
S)
d
ir
ec
tl
y
.
T
h
e
f
ar
NOM
A
u
s
er
n
ee
d
s
to
r
es
o
r
t
to
a
f
u
l
l
-
d
u
p
lex
(
FD)
r
elay
.
T
h
e
y
ap
p
lied
w
ir
ele
s
s
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
f
er
b
y
allo
w
in
g
th
e
FD
r
ela
y
i
n
t
eg
r
ated
w
it
h
p
o
w
er
s
p
litt
i
n
g
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
b
e
p
o
w
er
ed
w
ir
eless
l
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
a
m
b
ien
t
r
ad
io
s
ig
n
als.
Mo
tiv
ated
b
y
r
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
ie
s
[
2
0
]
-
[2
5
],
w
e
s
t
u
d
y
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
FD
-
NOM
A
u
s
in
g
Nak
a
g
a
m
i
-
m
f
ad
i
n
g
.
2.
SYST
E
M
M
O
DE
L
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
B
S
th
at
in
ten
d
s
to
co
m
m
u
n
icate
w
it
h
f
ar
u
s
er
2
v
ia
th
e
ass
is
ta
n
ce
o
f
n
ea
r
u
s
er
1
.
1
is
r
eg
ar
d
ed
as
u
s
er
r
ela
y
i
n
g
a
n
d
d
ec
o
d
e
an
d
f
o
r
w
ar
d
(
DF)
p
r
o
to
co
l
is
e
m
p
l
o
y
ed
to
d
ec
o
d
e
an
d
f
o
r
w
ar
d
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
to
2
.
1
ca
n
s
w
itc
h
o
p
er
atio
n
b
etw
ee
n
FD
an
d
HD
m
o
d
e.
|
ℎ
1
|
2
,
|
ℎ
2
|
2
,
|
ℎ
0
|
2
,
|
ℎ
|
2
ar
e
ass
u
m
ed
to
b
e
ex
p
o
n
en
tiall
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
r
an
d
o
m
v
ar
ia
b
les
w
it
h
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
,
∈
{
1
,
2
,
0
,
}
.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
k
-
th
ti
m
e
s
lo
t,
T
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
al
at
1
U
is
g
i
v
en
b
y
(
1
)
.
1
[
]
=
ℎ
1
(
√
1
1
[
]
+
√
2
2
[
]
)
+
ℎ
√
3
1
[
−
]
+
1
[
]
.
(
1
)
W
h
er
e
3
0
d
en
o
tes w
o
r
k
i
n
g
in
H
D
m
o
d
e
an
d
3
1
d
en
o
tes
1
U
w
o
r
k
in
g
in
FD
m
o
d
e.
[
−
]
d
en
o
tes
lo
o
p
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
s
i
g
n
al
a
n
d
τ
d
en
o
tes
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
d
ela
y
a
t
1
U
w
it
h
an
in
te
g
er
τ
≥
1
.
W
e
ass
u
m
e
th
at
t
h
e
ti
m
e
k
s
atis
f
ie
s
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
≥
.
P
,
1
,
2
ar
e
th
e
n
o
r
m
al
ized
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
p
o
w
er
s
at
th
e
B
S
an
d
1
,
2
,
1
[
]
is
t
h
e
ad
d
iti
v
e
w
h
ite
Ga
u
s
s
ia
n
n
o
is
e
w
it
h
m
ea
n
ze
r
o
an
d
v
ar
ian
ce
2
.
1
,
2
ar
e
th
e
s
i
g
n
a
ls
f
o
r
1
U
,
2
U
an
d
{
1
2
}
=
{
2
2
}
=
1
.
12
,
ar
e
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
p
o
w
er
allo
ca
tio
n
co
ef
f
icien
ts
,
w
e
as
s
u
m
e
t
h
at
2
>
1
w
it
h
1
+
2
=
1
.
T
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
al
to
in
ter
f
e
r
en
ce
p
lu
s
n
o
is
e
r
atio
(
SIN
R
)
at
1
to
d
etec
t
2
is
g
iv
e
n
b
y
(
2
)
,
2
→
1
FD
=
2
|
ℎ
1
|
2
1
|
ℎ
1
|
2
+
3
1
|
ℎ
|
2
+
1
,
(
2
)
an
d
(
3
)
,
2
→
1
HD
=
2
|
ℎ
1
|
2
1
|
ℎ
1
|
2
+
1
.
(
3
)
w
h
er
e
=
1
=
=
0
is
tr
an
s
m
i
t
s
i
g
n
a
l
-
to
-
n
o
is
e
r
atio
(
SNR
)
.
Af
ter
s
u
cc
es
s
iv
e
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
ca
n
ce
llatio
n
(
SIC)
,
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
SIN
R
at
1
U
to
d
etec
t
1
x
is
g
i
v
en
b
y
(
4
)
,
1
FD
=
1
|
ℎ
1
|
2
3
1
|
ℎ
|
2
+
1
,
(
4
)
an
d
(
5
)
,
1
HD
=
1
|
ℎ
1
|
2
.
(
5
)
T
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
a
l a
t
2
is
w
r
itt
en
as
(
6
)
.
2
[
]
=
ℎ
0
(
√
1
1
[
]
+
√
2
2
[
]
)
+
ℎ
2
√
1
[
−
]
+
2
[
]
.
(
6
)
T
h
e
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
at
2
U
f
o
r
r
elay
in
g
lin
k
i
s
w
r
itten
a
s
(
7
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
g
a
p
o
f tw
o
u
s
ers
in
d
o
w
n
lin
k
fu
ll
-
d
u
p
lex
c
o
o
p
e
r
a
tive
N
OMA
(
Tu
-
Tr
in
h
Th
i Ng
u
ye
n
)
1797
2
″
[
]
=
ℎ
2
√
1
2
[
−
]
+
2
[
]
.
(
7
)
W
h
er
e
2
[
]
is
th
e
ad
d
itiv
e
w
h
ite
G
au
s
s
ian
n
o
is
e
(
A
W
GN)
w
it
h
m
ea
n
ze
r
o
an
d
v
ar
ia
n
ce
2
.
T
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
SIN
R
at
2
to
d
etec
t
2
f
o
r
r
elay
in
g
li
n
k
ar
e
g
iv
e
n
a
s
(
8
)
.
2
=
1
|
ℎ
2
|
2
.
(
8
)
Ass
u
m
in
g
,
all
c
h
an
n
el
g
a
in
u
n
d
er
g
o
in
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
Nak
a
g
a
m
i
-
m
f
ad
i
n
g
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
d
en
s
it
y
f
u
n
ctio
n
(
P
DF)
an
d
cu
m
u
lat
iv
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
(
C
DF)
ar
e
g
iv
e
n
b
y
(
9
)
.
|
|
2
(
)
=
−
1
(
)
−
,
|
|
2
(
)
=
1
−
(
−
)
∑
!
−
1
=
0
,
(
9
)
W
h
er
e
≜
w
it
h
an
d
r
ep
r
esen
t th
e
m
ea
n
a
n
d
in
te
g
er
f
ad
i
n
g
f
ac
to
r
.
BS
U
1
U
2
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
S
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
el
3.
SYST
E
M
P
E
RF
O
RM
ANCE AN
AL
Y
SI
S
3
.
1
.
O
ut
a
g
e
pr
o
ba
bil
it
y
o
f
1
U
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
NOM
A
p
r
o
to
co
l
,
th
e
o
u
tag
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
at
1
U
in
FD
m
o
d
e
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
e
s
as
(
1
0
)
.
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
F
D
F
D
U
,
F
D
U
U
2
U
1
F
D
F
D
U
U
2
U
1
Pr
,
1
Pr
,
P
(
10
)
W
h
er
e
th
e
th
r
e
s
h
o
ld
SN
R
s
ar
e
1
=
2
1
−
1
,
2
=
2
2
−
1
,
1
,
2
ar
e
tar
g
et
r
ate
an
d
3
=
1
.
B
ased
o
n
(
2
)
an
d
(
4
)
,
w
e
h
av
e
(
1
1
)
.
1
11
1
22
1
13
1
22
2
1
1
1
U
,
F
D
2
1
22
2
1
1
3
3
2
2
1
1
3
0
1
1
Pr
,
11
1
Pr
1
1,
f
U
SS
S
U
f
U
f
Uf
h
h
x
hh
P
h
h
h
hh
f
x
f
y
d
x
d
y
(
11
)
W
e
ca
n
co
m
p
u
te
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t in
te
g
r
al
as
(
1
2
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
1
7
9
5
-
180
2
1798
2
1
13
1
1
11
1
13
11
11
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
11
12
11
1
1
1
1
1
31
1
00
2
11
1
e
xp
1
1.
!
U
h
hh
U
h
h
h
x
m
mm
h
x
hh
hh
n
m
n
n
n
mn
h
U
n
hh
nn
hh
f
y
dy
yy
dy
mm
mn
x
n
n
m
n
m
(
12
)
T
h
e
in
n
er
in
te
g
r
al
ca
n
b
e
f
u
r
t
h
er
r
ed
u
ce
d
u
s
in
g
[
2
6
,
E
q
.
(
3
.
3
8
1
.
3
)
]
,
Gam
m
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
u
s
i
n
g
[
2
6
,
E
q
.
(
8
.
3
5
4
.
2
)
]
an
d
1
≜
(
2
2
−
1
2
,
1
1
)
.
R
ep
lacin
g
(
1
2
)
to
(
1
1
)
,
1
U
,
F
D
P
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
as
(
1
3
)
.
22
1
1
13
1
1
1
1
12
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
11
11
1
U
,
F
D
0
1
1
1
00
2
0
1
31
1
11
0
1
1
1e
1
e
!
f
U
h
h
f
h
f
h
f
f
f
h
h
f
h
f
h
f
f
f
h
h
x
x
m
mn
h
m
nn
h
h
x
n
m
n
n
n
nm
U
m
hh
hh
h
h
h
P
f
x
f
y
dx
dy
mn
x
dx
n
m
x
dx
n
m
n
m
m
mn
n
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
11
12
11
2
31
1
00
2
11
1
.
!
h
h
f
f
f
n
n
m
n
n
n
mn
h
h
U
hh
nn
h
h
h
nm
n
m
n
m
m
(
13
)
T
h
e
in
n
er
in
te
g
r
al
ca
n
b
e
f
u
r
t
h
er
r
ed
u
ce
d
u
s
in
g
[
2
6
,
E
q
.
(
3
.
3
8
1
.
4
)
]
.
I
n
HD
m
o
d
e,
th
e
o
u
ta
g
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
o
f
1
U
w
it
h
3
0
is
g
i
v
en
b
y
(
1
4
)
.
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
H
D
H
D
U
,
H
D
U
U
2
,
H
D
U
1
,
H
D
2
2
21
2
,
H
D
1
1
1
,
H
D
2
11
2
1
2
2
1
22
0
1
P
r
,
1
P
r
,
1
1
P
r
1
1
1
e
xp
.
!
h
S
S
S
h
m
n
n
h
n
h
P
h
h
h
hF
n
(
14
)
W
h
er
e
2
≜
{
2
,
HD
2
−
1
2
,
HD
,
1
,
HD
1
}
,
1
,
HD
=
2
2
1
−
1
an
d
2
,
HD
=
2
2
2
−
1
.
3
.
2
.
O
ut
a
g
e
pr
o
ba
bil
it
y
o
f
2
U
I
n
FD
m
o
d
e
,
th
e
f
i
r
s
t
is
th
a
t
1
c
a
n
n
o
t
d
e
t
ec
t
2
.
T
h
e
s
e
c
o
n
d
i
s
t
h
a
t
2
c
an
n
o
t
d
e
t
e
ct
i
ts
o
w
n
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
2
o
n
th
e
c
o
n
d
i
ti
o
n
s
th
at
1
c
a
n
d
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s
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24
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22
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f
U
f
S
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U
S
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hh
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h
(
15
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as
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23
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1
2
22
1
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h
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h
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n
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w
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1
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2
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d
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2
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.
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I
SS
N
:
1
6
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-
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T
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(
22
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n
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hro
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a
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ly
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n
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e
t
h
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u
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p
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t
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,
FD
=
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1
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FD
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1
+
(
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,
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(
24
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(
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1
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)
1
+
(
1
−
2
,
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)
2
.
(
25
)
4.
NUM
E
RICAL
R
E
SU
L
T
S
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
w
e
n
u
m
er
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s
i
m
u
la
te
s
o
m
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t
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r
etica
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lts
f
r
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r
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h
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m
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et
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8
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Fig
u
r
e
2
d
e
m
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n
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ate
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D
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g
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ter
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m
a
n
ce
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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h
e
f
ir
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s
h
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io
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co
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ed
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ith
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n
o
th
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s
er
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ca
s
e
b
r
in
g
s
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p
er
f
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a
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f
o
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t
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ed
s
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m
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D
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e
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h
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co
r
r
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p
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d
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g
th
r
o
u
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h
p
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s
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o
w
n
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Fi
g
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r
e
3
.
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t
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b
e
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ee
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t
h
e
h
ig
h
est
p
er
f
o
r
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u
r
s
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n
th
e
h
ig
h
SN
R
r
eg
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n
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
,
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n
d
er
v
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y
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v
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e
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f
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ates
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u
tag
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f
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m
a
n
ce
ca
n
b
e
c
h
an
g
ed
as Fig
u
r
e
4
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
5.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
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tag
e
p
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b
ab
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y
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s
m
it S
NR
w
i
th
1
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,
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it/s
/Hz,
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Fig
u
r
e
3
.
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te
m
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t p
er
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h
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3
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it/s
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Fig
u
r
e
4
.
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tag
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er
f
o
r
m
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o
f
t
w
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er
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th
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3.
md
Fig
u
r
e
5
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th
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b
it/s
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2
0.5
R
b
it/s
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5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
w
e
h
a
v
e
s
t
u
d
ied
d
o
w
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li
n
k
n
o
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o
r
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o
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al
m
u
ltip
le
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ce
s
s
(
NOM
A
)
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
w
i
t
h
th
e
en
ab
ler
o
f
t
h
e
f
u
ll
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d
u
p
le
x
s
ch
e
m
e.
B
y
e
x
p
lo
itin
g
t
h
e
f
i
x
ed
p
o
w
er
allo
ca
tio
n
s
ch
e
m
e,
w
e
e
x
h
ib
it
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
d
if
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er
e
n
ce
s
f
o
r
t
w
o
u
s
er
s
to
en
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le
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f
o
r
s
u
c
h
d
o
w
n
l
in
k
.
S
u
ch
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A
ca
n
i
m
p
r
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v
e
th
e
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
o
p
p
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tu
n
itie
s
o
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th
e
f
ar
u
s
er
w
h
ile
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
t
h
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
s
elf
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i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
d
u
e
t
o
f
u
l
l
-
d
u
p
lex
(
FD
)
m
o
d
e.
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r
eo
v
er
,
w
e
co
m
p
ar
e
m
an
y
ca
s
es
o
f
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
o
f
FD
an
d
NOM
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,
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
w
e
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
h
o
w
c
h
an
n
e
l
g
ain
s
ca
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
s
y
s
te
m
q
u
al
it
y
,
tar
g
et
r
ates
li
m
it
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
ad
o
p
ted
m
a
th
e
m
atica
l
d
er
iv
atio
n
is
ch
ec
k
ed
in
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
b
y
m
atc
h
in
g
M
o
n
te
-
C
ar
lo
an
d
an
al
y
tical
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ca
n
b
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
t
h
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
t
h
e
ch
an
n
el
an
d
p
o
w
er
allo
ca
tio
n
f
ac
to
r
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
S
.
M
.
R.
Isla
m
,
N.
A
v
a
z
o
v
,
O.
A
.
Do
b
re
,
a
n
d
K.
-
S.
Kw
a
k
,
"
P
o
w
e
r
-
Do
m
a
in
No
n
-
Orth
o
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