T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
, V
ol
.
1
7
,
No.
5
,
O
c
tob
er
201
9
, p
p.
2
418
~
2
426
IS
S
N:
1
69
3
-
6
93
0
,
accr
ed
ited
F
irst
Gr
ad
e b
y K
em
en
r
istekdikti,
Decr
ee
No: 2
1/E/
K
P
T
/20
18
DOI:
10.12928/TE
LK
OM
N
IK
A
.v
1
7
i
5
.
12446
◼
24
18
Rec
ei
v
ed
J
an
u
ary
28
,
20
1
9
; Rev
i
s
ed
A
pr
i
l
19
,
20
1
9
;
A
c
c
ep
ted
M
ay
9
,
20
1
9
A ne
w
Lea
ch
prot
oc
ol b
ased
on
ICH
-
Leach
f
or ad
apt
i
ve im
a
ge t
ra
nsf
err
i
ng
usin
g D
W
T
Ab
d
ela
li
Z
b
a
kh
*
1
,
Moh
am
ed T
aj
B
enn
ani
2
1
Uni
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
V,
F
a
c
u
l
ty
o
f
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
Ra
b
a
t
,
M
o
ro
c
c
o
,
L
a
b
o
r
a
to
r
y
L
a
M
CSc
I,
Av
e
n
u
e
I
b
n
Ba
to
u
ta
,
R
a
b
a
t
,
M
o
ro
c
c
o
2
Uni
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
o
f
Si
d
i
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
B
e
n
Ab
d
e
l
l
a
h
,
F
a
c
u
l
ty
o
f
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
Dh
a
r e
l
M
e
h
ra
z
,
L
a
b
o
ra
to
ry
L
I
M
S,
B.P.
1
7
9
6
F
e
z
-
Atl
a
s
,
3
0
0
0
3
M
o
ro
c
c
o
*C
o
rre
s
p
o
n
d
i
n
g
a
u
th
o
r,
e
-
m
a
i
l
:
z
b
a
k
h
a
b
d
o
u
@
g
m
a
i
l
.
c
o
m
1
,
b
e
n
n
a
n
i
.t
a
j
@
g
m
a
i
l
.
c
o
m
2
Ab
strac
t
Nowa
d
a
y
s
,
th
e
ra
p
i
d
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
th
e
m
i
n
i
a
tu
r
i
z
a
ti
o
n
o
f
CM
O
S
i
m
a
g
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
i
n
t
h
e
l
a
s
t
y
e
a
r
s
a
l
l
o
w
e
d
th
e
c
re
a
ti
o
n
o
f
WM
SN
(W
i
re
l
e
s
s
M
u
l
t
i
m
e
d
i
a
S
e
n
s
o
r
N
e
two
rk
).
T
h
e
re
f
o
re
,
t
ra
n
s
fe
rri
n
g
i
m
a
g
e
s
th
ro
u
g
h
th
e
n
e
two
r
k
b
e
c
o
m
e
s
a
n
i
m
p
o
rt
a
n
t
f
i
e
l
d
o
f
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
.
Th
e
m
a
i
n
g
o
a
l
i
s
t
o
t
ra
n
s
m
i
t
th
e
d
a
t
a
fro
m
a
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
o
d
e
to
a
n
o
th
e
r
to
re
a
c
h
fi
n
a
l
l
y
t
h
e
Si
n
k
n
o
d
e
.
Th
u
s
,
ro
u
t
i
n
g
p
ro
to
c
o
l
s
p
l
a
y
a
n
i
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
t
ro
l
e
i
n
m
a
n
a
g
i
n
g
a
n
d
o
p
ti
m
i
z
i
n
g
t
h
e
n
o
d
e
'
s
re
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
p
a
r
ti
c
u
l
a
rl
y
th
e
e
n
e
rg
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
.
Th
e
re
f
o
re
,
s
o
m
e
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
s
a
r
e
k
n
o
wn
b
y
th
e
i
r
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
t
o
s
a
v
e
e
n
e
rg
y
a
n
d
e
x
te
n
d
t
h
e
l
i
f
e
ti
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
n
e
two
rk
s
u
c
h
a
s
L
e
a
c
h
p
ro
to
c
o
l
a
n
d
d
e
r
i
v
e
d
v
a
ri
a
n
t
s
.
H
o
wev
e
r,
m
u
l
ti
m
e
d
i
a
c
o
n
te
n
t
tr
a
n
s
fe
rri
n
g
was
n
o
t
a
p
ri
o
ri
t
y
fo
r
th
e
s
e
p
ro
to
c
o
l
s
.
In
th
i
s
p
a
p
e
r,
t
h
e
m
a
i
n
i
d
e
a
i
s
t
o
a
d
a
p
t
ICH
-
L
e
a
c
h
,
fo
r
i
m
a
g
e
tr
a
n
s
fe
rri
n
g
.
T
h
i
s
p
ro
t
o
c
o
l
was
te
s
te
d
i
n
a
p
re
v
i
o
u
s
wor
k
a
n
d
h
a
s
g
i
v
e
n
g
o
o
d
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
s
a
g
a
i
n
s
t
L
e
a
c
h
,
b
a
l
a
n
c
e
d
L
e
a
c
h
a
n
d
M
L
D
-
L
e
a
c
h
.
I
n
fa
c
t,
th
e
Haa
r
wav
e
l
e
t
tra
n
s
fo
rm
i
s
u
s
e
d
,
i
n
th
e
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
ti
o
n
l
a
y
e
r,
to
e
x
tr
a
c
t
th
e
re
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
l
e
v
e
l
to
b
e
u
s
e
d
i
n
i
m
a
g
e
tra
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
,
d
e
p
e
n
d
i
n
g
o
n
t
h
e
ra
te
fl
o
w
b
e
tw
e
e
n
th
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
o
d
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
i
n
k
n
o
d
e
.
Th
i
s
p
a
p
e
r
p
ro
v
i
d
e
s
s
ta
ti
s
t
i
c
s
c
o
n
c
e
rn
i
n
g
th
e
l
i
fe
ti
m
e
o
f
th
e
n
e
two
r
k
,
th
e
e
n
e
rg
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
ti
o
n
a
n
d
s
ta
ti
s
ti
c
s
re
l
a
te
d
to
re
c
e
i
v
e
i
m
a
g
e
s
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
p
e
a
k
s
i
g
n
a
l
-
to
-
n
o
i
s
e
ra
t
i
o
(PSNR
).
T
h
e
Ca
s
ta
l
i
a
fr
a
m
e
work
i
s
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
s
i
m
u
l
a
ti
o
n
,
o
b
ta
i
n
e
d
re
s
u
l
t
s
s
h
o
w
th
e
e
f
fi
c
i
e
n
c
y
o
f
th
e
p
ro
p
o
s
e
d
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
b
y
n
e
two
rk
l
i
fe
t
i
m
e
e
x
te
n
d
i
n
g
a
n
d
m
o
re
i
m
a
g
e
s
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
tt
i
n
g
wi
th
b
e
tt
e
r
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
c
o
m
p
a
re
d
t
o
o
th
e
r p
r
o
to
c
o
l
s
.
Key
w
ords
:
DWT
,
ICH
-
L
e
a
c
h
,
L
EACH
p
ro
to
c
o
l
,
M
L
D
-
L
e
a
c
h
,
O
p
e
n
CV
Copy
righ
t
©
2
0
1
9
Uni
v
e
rsi
t
a
s
Ahm
a
d
D
a
hl
a
n.
All
rig
ht
s
r
e
s
e
rve
d
.
1.
Int
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
T
he
r
ap
i
d
de
v
e
l
o
pm
e
nt
i
n
mi
c
r
o
-
e
l
ec
tr
o
m
ec
ha
n
i
c
al
s
y
s
tem
ha
s
a
l
l
o
wed
the
mi
ni
atu
r
i
z
a
ti
o
n
an
d
th
e
l
ow
c
os
t
o
f
s
e
ns
ors
.
T
he
y
c
ap
ture
i
n
forma
ti
o
n
fr
om
th
e
e
nv
i
r
on
me
n
t
(
pres
s
ure,
tem
pe
r
at
ure,
etc
...),
an
d
tr
a
ns
form
t
he
m
i
nt
o
e
l
ec
tr
i
c
al
s
i
g
na
l
i
n
ord
er
t
o
be
tr
ea
t
ed
by
the
pr
oc
es
s
or un
i
t
[
1]
.
A
fte
r
ge
tt
i
ng
th
e i
nfo
r
m
ati
on
,
th
e
s
en
s
ors
ei
t
he
r
s
en
d
i
t t
o o
t
he
r
s
en
s
ors
or
s
tore
i
t.
A
c
t
ua
l
l
y
,
r
es
o
urc
es
of
s
e
ns
ors
mu
s
t
be
o
pti
m
i
z
ed
eff
i
c
i
e
ntl
y
be
c
a
u
s
e
of
mu
l
ti
pl
e
l
i
m
i
ta
ti
o
ns
s
uc
h
as
me
mo
r
y
,
da
ta
proc
es
s
i
ng
,
po
wer
of
c
om
mu
n
i
c
at
i
on
a
nd
m
os
t
i
mp
ort
an
t
l
y
en
ergy
.
I
n
f
ac
t,
e
ne
r
gy
i
s
r
e
s
po
ns
i
b
l
e
for
t
he
l
i
f
eti
me
of
the
s
en
s
ors
.
It's
es
s
en
ti
a
l
t
o
tak
e
c
are
of
thi
s
i
s
s
ue
[2]
.
W
S
N
(
W
i
r
e
l
es
s
s
en
s
or
n
et
wor
k
)
i
s
c
om
po
s
ed
of
s
ev
eral
s
en
s
ors
.
E
ac
h
s
en
s
or
s
en
ds
the
c
a
ptu
r
e
d
da
ta
to
t
he
b
as
e
s
tat
i
on
.
A
c
tua
l
l
y
,
ma
n
y
ap
p
l
i
c
at
i
o
n
f
i
e
l
ds
u
s
e
W
S
N
l
i
k
e
A
i
r
po
r
t
Lo
g
i
s
ti
c
s
[3]
,
S
ec
urit
y
[
4]
,
he
al
t
h
[5
-
9]
,
na
tur
al
d
i
s
a
s
ters
[10
-
12]
etc
.
It
i
s
c
h
arac
teri
z
ed
by
the
fo
l
l
owi
ng
c
on
s
tr
a
i
n
ts
:
hi
gh
ba
n
dwi
dth
de
ma
nd
,
r
es
o
urc
e
c
on
s
tr
ai
nts
an
d
ap
p
l
i
c
at
i
on
-
s
p
ec
i
fi
c
a
ti
o
n
[2
]
.
Howev
er,
r
ou
t
i
ng
protoc
ol
s
i
n
W
S
N
c
o
ns
um
e
a
h
i
gh
po
r
ti
on
of
en
ergy
.
A
s
a
r
es
u
l
t,
i
t
aff
ec
ts
the
l
i
f
eti
me
of
t
he
n
etwo
r
k
.
In
fac
t,
t
he
r
e
are
tw
o
k
i
nd
s
of
r
o
uti
ng
protoc
ol
s
:
P
l
an
ni
ng
protoc
o
l
s
an
d
c
l
us
t
erin
g
pro
toc
ol
s
.
T
he
f
i
r
s
t
k
i
n
d
c
o
ns
i
de
r
s
al
l
the
no
de
s
at
the
s
am
e
l
ev
e
l
.
A
c
tua
l
l
y
,
t
hi
s
c
ate
g
ory
i
nc
l
u
de
s
mu
l
t
i
pl
e
r
ou
t
i
ng
protoc
o
l
s
s
uc
h
as
Mu
l
t
i
p
ath
r
ou
ti
n
g
r
i
ng
[
13
]
,
G
P
S
R
[1
4]
,
mu
l
ti
p
ath
r
o
uti
ng
prot
o
c
ol
[15
]
etc
.
T
h
e
s
ec
on
d
on
e
org
an
i
z
es
no
de
s
i
nt
o
gro
up
s
c
al
l
e
d
c
l
us
ters
.
Ma
ny
r
o
uti
ng
proto
c
ol
s
are
r
a
ng
e
d
i
n
th
i
s
c
at
eg
ory
,
s
uc
h
as
Le
ac
h,
MG
-
L
ea
c
h
[16
]
,
IC
H
-
Le
ac
h
[
1
7]
,
an
d
M
-
Le
ac
h
[1
8
]
,
L
ea
c
h
[19
]
etc
.
T
h
es
e
protoc
o
l
s
c
ou
l
d
b
e
ap
pl
i
ed
to
mu
l
ti
me
d
i
a
da
ta
tr
an
s
ferr
i
ng
,
wi
th
ou
t
ex
p
l
ori
ng
h
i
s
s
pa
ti
al
an
d
s
pe
c
tr
al
c
ha
r
ac
teri
s
ti
c
s
.
T
h
e
F
i
g
ure
1 s
ho
ws
a
W
S
N.
W
M
S
N
i
s
for
me
d
of
s
en
s
or
s
tha
t
c
an
c
ap
t
ure
a
nd
tr
a
n
s
mi
t
m
ul
t
i
me
di
a
c
on
t
en
t,
s
u
c
h
as
au
d
i
o,
v
i
de
o
s
tr
ea
ms
an
d
i
ma
ge
s
.
It
ha
s
m
ul
t
i
p
l
e
arc
h
i
tec
tures
t
ha
t
c
ou
l
d
be
us
e
d.
T
he
f
i
r
s
t
on
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
IS
S
N: 1
69
3
-
6
93
0
◼
A
ne
w Le
ac
h
pro
toc
ol
ba
s
e
d o
n
ICH
-
Le
ac
h f
or
ad
a
pti
v
e
i
m
ag
e
...
(
A
bd
e
l
a
l
i
Zbak
h
)
2419
i
s
th
e
s
i
ng
l
e
-
ti
er
f
l
at
i
n
w
hi
c
h
s
e
ns
ors
are
ho
mo
ge
ne
ou
s
an
d
t
he
proc
es
s
i
n
g
i
s
di
s
tr
i
bu
te
d.
T
he
s
ec
on
d
on
e
i
s
the
s
i
n
gl
e
-
ti
er
c
l
us
tere
d
whi
c
h
ha
s
a
he
terog
en
e
ou
s
no
de
s
an
d
c
on
c
en
tr
ate
d
proc
es
s
i
ng
.
T
he
l
as
t
o
ne
i
s
mu
l
t
i
-
ti
er
w
hi
c
h
ha
s
he
ter
og
e
ne
o
us
no
de
s
a
nd
d
i
s
tr
i
b
ute
d
proc
es
s
i
ng
.
In
order
to
tr
an
s
mi
t
mu
l
ti
me
d
i
a
d
ata
p
erfec
tl
y
,
the
W
M
S
N
ne
ed
s
s
om
e
Q
oS
r
eq
ui
r
e
me
nts
[1
8
]
:
T
he
l
i
mi
ta
ti
o
n
i
n
term
of
r
es
o
urc
es
,
the
l
ac
k
of
h
i
gh
ba
nd
,
the
us
e
of
c
r
os
s
-
l
ay
er
a
nd
t
he
c
o
di
n
g
of
mu
l
ti
me
d
i
a
c
o
nte
n
t.
Ma
ny
c
o
mp
r
es
s
i
o
n
tec
h
ni
q
ue
s
c
an
b
e
ap
p
l
i
e
d t
o i
ma
g
es
i
n o
r
d
er t
o redu
c
e
th
e a
mo
u
nt
o
f d
a
t
a t
o
be
tr
an
s
ferr
ed
.
W
e c
an
ap
p
l
y
DCT
[
8]
(
the
Four
i
er tr
an
s
f
orm)
on
s
pa
ti
al
do
ma
i
n.
F
i
gu
r
e
1.
T
h
e W
i
r
e
l
es
s
s
en
s
or
ne
twork
(
W
S
N)
T
he
F
i
gu
r
e
2
s
ho
ws
an
ex
a
mp
l
e
of
an
i
m
ag
e
r
ec
on
s
t
i
t
uti
o
n
us
i
ng
t
he
DCT
c
o
mp
r
es
s
i
on
tec
hn
i
qu
e
.
A
l
s
o,
we
c
an
u
s
e
di
s
c
r
ete
w
av
el
et
tr
a
ns
fo
r
m
(
DW
T
)
[2
0]
.
A
w
av
el
et
us
es
fun
c
ti
on
s
tha
t
r
ep
r
es
e
nt
a
s
i
gn
al
wi
t
h
be
t
ter
r
es
o
l
ut
i
o
n
i
n
ti
me
a
n
d
fr
e
qu
e
nc
y
.
T
he
Ha
ar
w
av
el
et
tr
a
ns
form
c
an
be
a
pp
l
i
e
d
mu
l
t
i
pl
e
ti
m
es
,
de
pe
nd
i
ng
on
th
e
r
es
ol
uti
o
n
to
b
e
r
ea
c
he
d.
A
t
the
fi
r
s
t
ti
m
e,
we
ap
p
l
y
a
l
ow
p
as
s
fi
l
t
er
on
r
ows
to
ge
t
s
ub
-
ba
nd
s
.
A
ft
er
tha
t,
we
a
pp
l
y
the
hi
gh
pa
s
s
fi
l
ter
on
c
ol
um
ns
to
ob
t
ai
n
fou
r
s
u
b
-
ba
n
ds
LL
1,
L
H1,
H
L1
a
nd
HH1.
T
he
n,
w
e
c
an
a
pp
l
y
th
e
s
am
e
proc
es
s
to
LL
1
s
ub
-
ba
nd
to
ge
t
LL
2,
HL
2,
LH2
a
nd
HH2.
A
ft
er
tha
t,
we
r
ep
ea
t
the
s
a
me
proc
es
s
as
ma
ny
t
i
m
es
a
s
we
wa
nt
to
LL
i
s
u
b
-
ba
nd
d
ep
e
nd
i
ng
on
t
he
r
ate
fl
ow
be
t
wee
n
the
n
od
e
an
d
the
s
i
nk
.
W
i
th
h
i
g
h
r
ate
f
l
o
w
an
i
m
ag
e
wi
t
h
h
i
gh
r
es
o
l
ut
i
o
n
c
an
be
us
e
d.
In
the
F
i
g
ure
3,
th
e
i
m
ag
e
(
a
)
s
ho
ws
the
orig
i
na
l
i
m
ag
e
.
T
he
i
m
ag
e
(
b)
s
ho
ws
th
e
r
es
ul
ts
aft
er
the
2
D Ha
ar wav
e
l
et
tr
a
ns
f
orm wi
th
r
es
o
l
ut
i
on
l
ev
e
l
1
.
(
a)
(
b
)
F
i
gu
r
e
2.
T
h
e
Rec
o
ns
tr
uc
ti
on
of
the
i
m
ag
e
us
i
n
g DCT t
ec
hn
i
qu
e
(
a)
o
r
i
gi
na
l
i
ma
g
e
(
b)
r
ec
on
s
tr
uc
ti
on
o
f i
ma
g
e u
s
i
ng
D
CT
(
a)
(
b)
F
i
gu
r
e
3.
T
h
e 2
D
Haar tr
an
s
formati
on
ap
p
l
i
ed
t
o a
n i
m
ag
e w
i
th
r
es
ol
uti
on
l
ev
el
1
(
a)
o
r
i
gi
na
l
i
ma
g
e
(
b) r
ec
on
s
tr
uc
ti
on
o
f i
ma
g
e
us
i
ng
D
W
T
In
th
i
s
pa
pe
r
,
we
us
ed
T
he
Le
ac
h
protoc
o
l
a
nd
i
ts
de
s
c
en
da
nts
f
or
i
m
ag
e
tr
an
s
f
err
i
ng
.
A
c
tua
l
l
y
,
ma
ny
i
mp
r
ov
e
me
nts
ha
v
e
b
ee
n
ma
de
s
i
nc
e
the
orig
i
n
al
v
ers
i
on
o
f
L
ea
c
h.
In
fac
t,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
◼
IS
S
N:
16
93
-
6
93
0
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
V
ol
.
1
7
,
No
.
5
,
O
c
tob
er
20
19
:
2
41
8
-
2
4
26
2420
thi
s
protoc
o
l
s
av
es
en
er
gy
[19
]
.
O
n
th
e
oth
er
ha
nd
,
us
i
n
g
t
he
m
f
or
i
m
ag
e
tr
a
ns
ferr
i
ng
i
s
a
c
ha
l
l
en
g
e
b
ec
au
s
e
of
t
he
i
r
na
tur
e
of
wor
k
i
n
g
[1
1]
.
In
ou
r
wor
k
,
w
e
i
mp
r
ov
e
d
o
ur
protoc
o
l
by
ad
d
i
ng
t
he
D
W
T
tr
a
ns
form
i
n
a
pp
l
i
c
at
i
on
l
ay
er
t
o
r
ed
uc
e
the
am
o
un
t
of
pa
c
k
et
for
ea
c
h
s
en
t
i
ma
ge
.
A
l
s
o,
we
to
ok
i
n
t
he
ac
c
ou
nt
th
e
s
tat
e
of
th
e
s
tat
e
of
t
he
l
i
nk
b
etw
ee
n
t
he
no
de
who
w
an
t
tr
an
s
mi
t
a
nd
the
S
i
nk
.
S
o,
t
he
r
es
o
l
ut
i
o
n
l
ev
e
l
v
ar
i
es
i
n
fun
c
t
i
on
o
f
t
ha
t
l
i
nk
.
T
he
n,
we
c
o
mp
are
d
i
t w
i
th
ma
ny
v
ers
i
o
ns
of
Le
ac
h.
T
he
r
es
u
l
ts
s
h
owe
d
t
ha
t
o
ur
prot
oc
ol
n
ot
on
l
y
ex
te
nd
s
the
l
i
fet
i
m
e
of
the
n
e
twor
k
,
bu
t
c
an
tr
a
ns
mi
t
m
ore
i
ma
ge
s
c
om
pa
r
e
d
t
o
o
the
r
prot
oc
ol
s
.
In
thi
s
pa
pe
r
,
we
wi
l
l
ex
p
os
e
th
e
r
e
l
at
ed
wor
k
s
fi
r
s
tl
y
. The
n,
w
e w
i
l
l
ex
po
s
e o
ur ICH
-
L
E
A
CH.
A
f
ter tha
t, w
e w
i
l
l
o
utl
i
ne
o
ur
ap
p
l
i
c
at
i
on
an
d
di
s
c
us
s
r
es
ul
ts
ob
tai
ne
d
us
i
ng
ICH
-
L
ea
c
h,
ML
D
-
Leac
h,
M
-
Le
ac
h
an
d L
e
ac
h.
2.
Ma
t
er
ial
and
Me
t
h
o
d
2.1.
L
e
ac
h
P
r
o
t
o
col
In
2
00
0,
W
en
d
i
B
.
He
i
nz
el
ma
n
prop
os
ed
a
pr
oto
c
o
l
c
al
l
ed
LE
A
CH
wh
i
c
h
us
e
a
s
erie
s
of
eq
ua
l
pe
r
i
od
of
ti
me
c
al
l
ed
r
ou
nd
s
.
E
ac
h
r
ou
nd
c
om
pr
i
s
es
of
t
wo
s
t
ep
s
:
c
l
us
ter
s
e
tup
ph
as
e
a
nd
s
tea
dy
pa
c
e.
In
t
he
f
i
r
s
t
on
e,
no
de
s
de
c
i
de
to
be
c
l
u
s
ter
-
he
ad
or
no
t
for
the
c
u
r
r
en
t
r
ou
nd
by
pi
c
k
i
ng
a
r
an
d
om
v
al
ue
be
twee
n
0
an
d
1.
T
he
c
ho
s
e
n
nu
m
be
r
wi
l
l
d
ete
r
m
i
n
e
i
f
the
no
de
i
s
a
c
l
us
ter
-
he
a
d o
r
n
ot
by
c
o
m
pa
r
i
n
g i
t
wi
th
t
he
t
hres
ho
l
d
T
(
n).
(
1)
In
the
(
1
)
,
P
i
s
the
w
an
te
d
pe
r
c
en
tag
e
of
c
l
us
ter
-
he
a
ds
,
r
i
s
the
ac
tua
l
r
ou
nd
a
nd
G
i
s
the
l
i
s
t
of
n
od
es
th
at
ha
v
e
no
t
be
en
el
ec
ted
c
l
us
ter
-
h
ea
d
i
n
t
he
l
as
t
1/
P
r
ou
n
ds
.
W
he
n
a
n
od
e
el
ec
ts
i
ts
e
l
f
as
a
c
l
us
ter
-
h
ea
d,
It
mu
s
t
no
t
be
c
ho
s
en
ag
ai
n
i
n
th
e
ne
x
t
1/
P
r
ou
nd
s
.
E
ac
h
c
l
us
ter
-
he
a
d
of
the
c
urr
en
t
r
ou
nd
ad
v
ert
i
s
es
i
ts
e
l
f
b
y
broadc
as
ti
ng
an
i
nv
i
t
ati
o
n
to
al
l
ot
he
r
no
de
s
.
W
he
n
t
he
no
n
c
l
us
ter
-
he
ad
no
de
s
r
ec
e
i
v
e
th
at
i
nv
i
tat
i
on
,
t
he
y
d
ec
i
de
to
j
oi
n
the
c
l
us
ter
-
he
ad
w
hi
c
h
ha
s
th
e
s
tr
on
ge
s
t
s
i
gn
a
l
i
nte
n
s
i
ty
.
B
y
for
mi
n
g
the
c
l
us
ters
the
s
etu
p
-
ph
as
e
en
ds
.
T
h
en
,
th
e
c
l
us
ter
-
he
ad
w
i
l
l
a
s
s
i
gn
for
ev
ery
me
m
be
r
n
od
e
a
l
i
mi
t
ed
pe
r
i
o
d
of
ti
me
of
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
i
on
c
a
l
l
ed
fr
am
es
.
In
ea
c
h
fr
am
e,
the
no
de
s
wi
l
l
be
a
l
l
owed
to
s
e
nd
the
i
r
da
t
a
to
the
i
r
c
orr
es
po
nd
i
ng
c
l
us
ter
-
he
a
d
us
i
ng
T
DMA
.
In
the
s
tea
dy
ph
as
e
,
the
n
od
es
s
en
d
the
i
r
pa
c
k
ets
to
t
he
c
l
us
ter
-
he
ad
du
r
i
ng
the
i
r
s
pe
c
i
f
i
c
fr
am
e.
T
he
F
i
gu
r
e
4
s
ho
ws
t
hi
s
proc
es
s
.
F
i
gu
r
e
4.
L
E
A
CH pr
oc
es
s
2.2
.
M
-
L
E
ACH
P
r
o
t
o
col
Le
ac
h
ha
s
s
ev
eral
drawb
ac
k
s
ev
en
i
f
i
t
m
ak
es
en
er
gy
c
on
s
um
pt
i
o
n
a
pr
i
orit
y
c
o
m
pa
r
ed
to
p
l
an
e
m
ul
t
i
p
ath
r
ou
t
i
ng
protoc
ol
s
.
F
i
r
s
t,
t
he
c
l
us
ter
-
he
ad
s
c
o
mm
u
ni
c
at
e
d
i
r
ec
tl
y
to
the
s
i
nk
whi
c
h c
a
us
es
c
on
g
es
ti
o
n a
nd
h
i
g
h e
ne
r
gy
c
on
s
u
mp
t
i
o
n o
f
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
on
.
The
n,
t
h
e c
l
us
ter
he
a
ds
tha
t
are
far
fr
om
the
s
i
nk
wi
l
l
no
t
be
c
a
pa
b
l
e
to
r
ea
c
h
t
he
s
i
nk
.
F
or
t
hi
s
r
e
as
on
,
mu
l
ti
pl
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
IS
S
N: 1
69
3
-
6
93
0
◼
A
ne
w Le
ac
h
pro
toc
ol
ba
s
e
d o
n
ICH
-
Le
ac
h f
or
ad
a
pti
v
e
i
m
ag
e
...
(
A
bd
e
l
a
l
i
Zbak
h
)
2421
i
mp
r
ov
e
me
nts
of
l
ea
c
h
wer
e
d
ev
el
op
e
d
t
o
ov
erc
om
e
t
he
s
e
drawb
ac
k
s
.
M
-
l
e
ac
h
i
s
on
e
of
th
es
e
protoc
ol
s
.
It
us
es
mu
l
t
i
pa
t
h
to
tr
an
s
m
i
t
d
ata
by
m
ak
i
ng
c
l
us
ter
-
he
ad
s
i
nte
r
me
d
i
ate
no
de
s
t
o
r
ea
c
h
the
s
i
nk
.
T
h
e
i
nte
r
me
d
i
ate
c
l
us
ter
-
h
ea
ds
ar
e
c
ho
s
en
f
ol
l
ow
i
ng
the
s
h
ortes
t
pa
t
h
to
the
b
as
e s
tat
i
on
.
2.3
.
MLD
-
L
E
ACH
P
r
o
t
o
col
MLD
-
Le
ac
h
i
s
a
protoc
ol
t
ha
t
us
es
th
e
n
oti
on
of
l
ay
ers
tha
t
s
tart
fr
o
m
t
he
s
i
n
k
.
A
fte
r
the
form
ati
on
,
c
l
us
t
er
-
he
ad
s
of
up
pe
r
l
ay
ers
ha
v
e
a
p
e
r
i
od
i
c
u
pd
at
e
of
de
l
ay
s
wi
t
h
c
l
us
ter
-
he
ad
s
of
l
o
wer
l
ay
ers
as
s
ho
wn
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
5.
In
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
on
p
ha
s
e,
t
he
c
l
us
ter
-
h
ea
ds
of
ea
c
h
l
ay
er,
c
ho
os
e
t
he
c
l
us
ter
-
he
ad
o
f
l
o
wer
l
ay
er
whi
c
h
h
as
the
m
i
n
i
m
um
de
l
ay
th
en
the
m
i
n
i
m
um
di
s
ta
nc
e.
F
i
gu
r
e
5.
M
ul
t
i
l
ay
er s
tr
uc
tur
e
3.
ICH
-
L
e
ac
h
P
r
o
t
o
col
ICH
-
Le
ac
h
i
s
an
i
m
prov
ed
Le
ac
h
protoc
o
l
th
at
ex
te
nd
s
the
l
i
fet
i
m
e
of
no
d
es
by
r
ed
uc
i
ng
the
en
ergy
c
on
s
um
pti
on
a
nd
s
en
ds
m
ore
i
ma
g
es
to
the
ba
s
e
s
ta
ti
o
n.
O
ur
pr
oto
c
ol
f
ol
l
ows
the
s
a
me
s
tep
s
of
Le
ac
h
,
a
nd
us
es
th
e
s
a
me
pe
r
c
en
t
a
ge
of
c
l
us
ter
-
he
a
d.
T
o
s
e
nd
mo
r
e
i
ma
ge
s
fr
om
a
c
l
us
ter
-
h
ea
d
to
t
h
e
ba
s
e
s
tat
i
on
i
n
on
e
ho
p,
da
ta
tr
an
s
mi
s
s
i
on
n
ee
d
s
hi
gh
en
ergy
c
on
s
um
pt
i
o
n
[1
6
].
F
urt
he
r
mo
r
e,
i
f
a
c
l
us
ter
-
h
ea
d
c
a
n’
t
r
e
ac
h
th
e
s
i
nk
t
he
da
t
a
i
s
l
os
t.
T
h
us
,
by
us
i
n
g
c
l
us
ter
-
he
ad
as
i
nt
ermed
i
at
e
no
d
e
t
he
c
on
s
u
me
d
en
ergy
i
s
r
ed
uc
ed
an
d
the
n
um
be
r
of
s
en
t
i
m
ag
es
i
s
h
i
gh
ev
e
n
i
f
the
di
s
ta
nc
e
i
s
far
fr
om
the
b
as
e
s
tat
i
on
.
T
h
e
i
nte
r
me
d
i
at
e
c
l
us
ter
-
he
a
d
i
n
th
e
F
i
g
ure
6
i
s
pi
c
k
ed
ba
s
ed
on
the
p
os
i
t
i
on
of
th
e
s
i
n
k
,
po
s
i
ti
on
of
the
c
l
us
t
er
-
he
ad
an
d
the
po
s
i
t
i
on
of
th
e
i
n
terme
di
at
e
c
l
us
ter
-
he
ad
.
T
h
us
,
a
c
l
us
ter
-
he
ad
c
a
n
r
ea
c
h t
he
s
i
nk
n
o m
att
er t
h
e d
i
s
t
an
c
e.
3.1
. Init
i
ali
z
atio
n
P
h
as
e
A
t
f
i
r
s
t,
th
e
b
as
e
s
tat
i
on
a
dv
erti
s
es
i
ts
po
s
i
t
i
o
n
by
di
f
fus
i
ng
a
pa
c
k
et
t
ha
t
c
o
nta
i
ns
i
ts
po
s
i
t
i
on
t
o
the
n
etwo
r
k
us
i
ng
the
ma
x
i
mu
m
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
i
on
of
e
ne
r
gy
.
W
he
n
a
s
en
s
or
r
ec
ei
v
es
the
p
ac
k
ets
,
i
t
s
av
es
th
e
po
s
i
t
i
on
of
t
he
s
i
nk
a
nd
t
h
e
s
i
g
na
l
s
tr
en
gt
h
o
f
th
e
r
e
c
ei
v
ed
pa
c
k
et.
T
he
n,
the
n
od
e
s
tarts
t
he
el
ec
t
i
on
proc
es
s
.
I
f
i
t
el
ec
t
s
i
ts
el
f
as
a
c
l
us
ter
-
he
ad
,
i
t
r
etr
an
s
mi
ts
the
pa
c
k
et
by
ad
d
i
n
g
i
ts
c
o
ordi
n
ate
s
.
T
h
us
,
the
f
ormat
i
on
of
c
l
us
ters
be
g
i
ns
.
T
he
s
tored
po
s
i
ti
o
n
of
th
e s
i
nk
w
i
l
l
h
el
p
th
e
c
l
us
ter
-
he
ad
to
de
c
i
d
e wh
eth
er
or not
t
o s
en
d d
a
ta
di
r
ec
tl
y
or not.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
◼
IS
S
N:
16
93
-
6
93
0
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
V
ol
.
1
7
,
No
.
5
,
O
c
tob
er
20
19
:
2
41
8
-
2
4
26
2422
F
i
gu
r
e
6.
IC
H
-
LE
A
CH
tr
an
s
mi
s
s
i
on
proc
es
s
3.2
. C
lust
er
A
uto
-
o
r
g
aniz
atio
n
T
he
F
i
gu
r
e 7
s
ho
ws
t
he
c
l
u
s
ter format
i
on
of
ou
r
pro
toc
ol
.
F
i
gu
r
e
7.
IC
H
-
LE
A
CH c
l
us
t
er pr
oc
es
s
3.3
. Upd
ate
P
r
o
ce
ss
T
he
up
da
t
e
proc
es
s
i
s
i
n
i
ti
at
ed
by
t
he
S
i
nk
.
B
y
s
e
nd
i
ng
t
he
u
pd
ate
pa
c
k
et
to
a
l
l
ac
c
es
s
i
bl
e
C
l
us
ter
-
he
ad
s
,
who
r
ec
ei
v
e
the
pa
c
k
et
me
as
ure
t
he
thr
ou
g
hp
ut
of
the
l
i
nk
.
T
he
n,
th
ey
bro
ad
c
as
t
the
s
am
e
pa
c
k
et
w
i
th
the
m
ea
s
ured
de
b
i
t.
T
h
i
s
proc
es
s
i
s
r
ep
e
ate
d
u
n
t
i
l
al
l
c
l
us
ter
-
h
ea
ds
ge
t
the
pa
c
k
et.
W
h
en
a
m
em
b
er
no
d
e
r
ec
e
i
v
es
th
i
s
pa
c
k
et,
i
t
ad
a
pts
the
r
es
o
l
ut
i
o
n
l
ev
el
th
at
w
e
wa
nt
t
o
g
et
ac
c
ord
i
n
g
t
o
th
e
t
hr
ou
g
hp
ut
th
at
h
e
go
t
ba
s
ed
on
T
ab
l
e
1.
A
c
tua
l
l
y
,
the
ba
s
e
s
tat
i
o
n,
r
ep
ea
ts
th
i
s
proc
es
s
pe
r
i
od
i
c
a
l
l
y
.
T
ab
l
e
1.
R
es
ol
uti
on
L
ev
el
o
f
F
un
c
ti
on
o
f
D
e
bi
t
d
e
b
it
o
f
t
h
e
li
n
k
in
K
b
p
s
R
e
s
o
lut
ion
lev
e
l
>=
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
>…>
=7
5
2
7
5
>…>
=5
0
3
5
0
>…>
=2
5
4
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
IS
S
N: 1
69
3
-
6
93
0
◼
A
ne
w Le
ac
h
pro
toc
ol
ba
s
e
d o
n
ICH
-
Le
ac
h f
or
ad
a
pti
v
e
i
m
ag
e
...
(
A
bd
e
l
a
l
i
Zbak
h
)
2423
3.4.
T
r
ansmi
ss
ion
p
r
o
ce
s
s
In
th
i
s
p
ha
s
e,
th
e
c
l
us
te
r
-
he
ad
s
tr
a
ns
mi
t
th
ei
r
da
ta
to
th
e
ba
s
e
s
t
ati
on
i
f
i
t
i
s
the
c
l
os
es
t
n
od
e
.
H
owev
e
r
,
i
t
s
e
nd
s
t
he
m
to
th
e
i
nt
ermed
i
at
e
c
l
us
ter
-
he
a
d
i
f
t
he
s
i
nk
i
s
no
t
r
ea
c
ha
b
l
e.
I
f a
c
l
us
ter
-
he
ad
r
ec
ei
v
es
a
p
ac
k
et,
i
t s
av
es
i
t u
nti
l
i
ts
tu
r
n
c
o
me
s
.
4.
R
es
u
lt
s
a
n
d
Dis
cussi
o
n
4.1
. App
li
ca
t
ion
L
a
ye
r
In
o
ur
a
pp
l
i
c
at
i
on
,
a
nu
mb
e
r
of
n
od
es
s
en
d
i
ma
g
es
r
an
do
m
l
y
.
B
efo
r
e
s
en
di
n
g
i
m
a
ge
s
to
the
ne
tw
ork
,
we
ap
pl
y
a
r
es
ol
ut
i
o
n
l
ev
el
b
as
ed
on
T
ab
l
e
1
us
i
ng
the
Ha
ar
w
av
el
et
tr
an
s
f
orm.
T
he
n,
we
s
en
d
th
e
i
ma
ge
an
d
th
e
di
ag
o
na
l
wav
e
l
et
to
ne
tw
ork
wi
th
the
ap
pl
i
ed
l
ev
e
l
.
O
nc
e
the
s
i
nk
r
ec
ei
v
es
t
he
d
ata
,
i
t
r
ec
o
ns
tr
uc
ts
the
i
m
ag
e
by
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
th
e
r
ev
ers
e
H
aa
r
tr
an
s
for
m
ba
s
ed
on
t
he
r
ec
e
i
v
ed
r
es
o
l
ut
i
on
l
ev
e
l
. Th
e F
i
gu
r
e
8 s
ho
ws
th
i
s
proc
es
s
.
F
i
gu
r
e
8.
C
om
pres
s
i
on
an
d
de
c
om
pres
s
i
on
proc
es
s
of
i
ma
ge
s
4.2
.
S
imu
latio
n
P
a
r
amet
er
s
In
th
i
s
p
aragr
ap
h,
we
w
i
l
l
de
t
ai
l
th
e
s
i
mu
l
at
i
on
pa
r
am
et
ers
an
d
th
e
r
es
u
l
ts
t
ha
t
w
e
ob
ta
i
ne
d.
W
e
us
ed
the
fr
a
me
wor
k
C
as
tal
i
a
t
o
m
ak
e
ou
r
s
i
m
ul
ati
on
s
,
a
nd
us
ed
t
he
r
ad
i
o
mo
de
l
CC224
0
[2
1]
to
r
e
pl
ac
e
a
r
ea
l
r
ad
i
o
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
on
.
I
n
fac
t,
the
nu
mb
er
of
r
ou
n
d
s
i
s
too
s
ma
l
l
be
c
au
s
e
o
f
the
r
a
di
o
an
d
the
eff
ec
t
of
r
ou
nd
l
en
gt
h
on
m
ul
t
i
m
ed
i
a
tr
an
s
f
er
[22
]
.
A
l
s
o,
we
c
om
pa
r
e
d
ICH
-
Le
ac
h
wi
th
the
ori
gi
n
a
l
l
ea
c
h,
M
-
l
e
ac
h
an
d
ML
D
-
L
ea
c
h.
In
ou
r
s
i
mu
l
ati
on
we
s
up
po
s
e
t
ha
t
the
s
i
nk
c
an
’
t
r
ea
c
h
al
l
t
he
no
d
es
.
T
he
T
ab
l
e
2
s
h
ows
the
propr
i
et
i
e
s
tha
t
w
e
us
ed
i
n o
ur s
i
m
ul
a
ti
o
n.
T
ab
l
e
2.
S
i
mu
l
at
i
on
pa
r
a
me
ters
P
a
r
a
met
e
r
V
a
lue
Top
o
log
y
s
i
z
e
2
0
0
x
2
0
0
m2
N
u
mbe
r
o
f
n
o
d
e
s
200
c
lus
t
e
r
-
h
e
a
d
s
p
r
o
b
a
b
il
i
t
y
0
.
0
5
N
u
mbe
r
o
f
t
r
ials
40
I
n
it
ial
p
o
w
e
r
40j
B
S
p
o
s
i
t
ion
(
0
,
0
)
S
iz
e
o
f
im
a
g
e
5
1
2
x
5
1
2
N
u
mbe
r
o
f
s
e
n
t
im
a
g
e
s
30
D
e
lay
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
im
a
g
e
s
300s
D
e
lay
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
s
e
n
d
ing
p
a
c
k
e
t
s
0
.
2
s
4.3.
An
aly
s
is
o
f
R
e
sult
s
In
thi
s
p
aragr
a
ph
,
w
e
wi
l
l
ev
al
ua
t
e
ou
r
pro
toc
ol
u
s
i
ng
tw
o
ap
proac
he
s
.
T
h
e
fi
r
s
t
ap
pro
ac
h
i
s
the
d
urati
on
of
th
e
ne
tw
ork
an
d
e
ne
r
g
y
c
on
s
um
pt
i
o
n
p
er
r
ou
nd
s
.
In
fac
t,
th
i
s
pa
r
am
ete
r
s
ho
ws
us
h
ow
a
r
ou
ti
ng
protoc
o
l
i
s
eff
i
c
i
e
nt
i
n
term
of
ex
ten
d
i
n
g
th
e
l
i
f
eti
m
e
o
f
n
od
es
tha
t
for
m
the
ne
tw
ork
an
d
en
ergy
c
on
s
u
mp
t
i
on
.
F
or
m
ul
t
i
me
di
a
tr
an
s
fer
i
ng
,
w
e
ar
e
go
i
ng
t
o
us
e
di
ff
ere
nt
m
etri
c
s
.
T
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
on
e
i
s
me
as
urin
g
t
he
nu
m
be
r
o
f
i
ma
ge
s
pe
r
P
S
NR
[
23
-
25
]
.
A
c
tu
al
l
y
,
tha
t
a
l
l
ows
us
to
me
as
ure
t
he
qu
al
i
ty
of
r
ec
ei
v
e
d
i
ma
g
es
.
T
he
s
ec
on
d
o
ne
i
s
me
a
s
urin
g
th
e
l
os
t
pa
c
k
ets
du
r
i
ng
t
he
tr
a
n
s
mi
s
s
i
on
t
ha
t
s
h
ows
u
s
ho
w
th
e
ne
t
wor
k
r
e
ac
ts
i
n
t
er
m
of
de
l
i
v
er
i
ng
pa
c
k
ets
.
T
he
F
i
gu
r
e
9
s
ho
ws
th
e
en
ergy
tha
t
i
s
c
on
s
um
e
d
by
th
e
e
nti
r
e
n
etw
ork
.
It
s
ho
ws
c
l
ea
r
l
y
tha
t
l
ea
c
h
protoc
ol
ha
s
th
e
hi
gh
es
t
en
ergy
c
on
s
um
pt
i
o
n
am
on
g
t
he
fou
r
.
T
es
ted
protoc
ol
s
.
Nev
erth
el
es
s
, IC
H
-
l
ea
c
h c
o
ns
um
es
l
ow
er e
ne
r
gy
c
om
p
a
r
ed
to
o
the
r
pr
oto
c
ol
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
◼
IS
S
N:
16
93
-
6
93
0
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
V
ol
.
1
7
,
No
.
5
,
O
c
tob
er
20
19
:
2
41
8
-
2
4
26
2424
F
i
gu
r
e
9.
E
ne
r
gy
c
o
ns
um
p
ti
on
p
er r
ou
n
d
T
he
s
e
r
es
ul
ts
c
ou
l
d
be
ex
p
l
ai
ne
d
by
the
f
ac
t
th
at
Le
ac
h
us
es
a
fu
l
l
en
ergy
tr
a
ns
m
i
s
s
i
on
to
r
ea
c
h
the
s
i
nk
.
T
h
us
,
the
en
ergy
c
o
ns
um
p
ti
o
n
p
er
r
o
un
d
i
s
hi
gh
,
c
om
p
ared
t
o
o
t
he
r
prot
oc
ol
s
.
M
-
Le
ac
h
a
nd
ML
D
-
Le
ac
h
us
e
m
ul
t
i
p
l
e
h
op
s
,
whi
c
h
h
el
ps
to
m
i
ni
mi
z
e
e
ne
r
gy
c
o
ns
um
pt
i
o
n
pe
r
r
ou
nd
of
the
n
etwo
r
k
c
o
m
pa
r
ed
to
Le
ac
h.
F
i
na
l
l
y
,
I
CH
-
Le
ac
h
us
es
at
ma
x
i
m
um
t
wo
ho
p
es
ba
s
ed
o
n
the
po
s
i
t
i
on
of
th
e
ba
s
e
s
tat
i
on
an
d
t
he
n
od
e
s
ou
r
c
e.
T
hu
s
,
th
e
en
er
gy
c
on
s
um
ed
by
the
n
etwo
r
k
i
s
r
e
du
c
ed
to
t
he
m
i
n
i
mu
m.
T
he
F
i
gu
r
e
10
s
h
ows
the
nu
m
be
r
of
de
ad
no
d
es
wi
th
r
es
pe
c
t
to
the
fo
ur
d
i
ffe
r
e
nt
protoc
ol
s
.
C
on
c
ern
i
ng
Le
a
c
h,
we
de
no
te
t
ha
t
t
he
f
i
r
s
t
no
de
d
i
es
i
n
Ro
un
d
5
8
an
d
the
l
as
t
no
de
di
es
i
n
Rou
nd
64
.
It
al
s
o
s
ho
ws
th
at
t
he
l
i
fet
i
m
e
of
no
de
s
i
s
s
h
orter
c
om
pa
r
e
d
t
o
oth
er
on
es
.
In
M
-
Le
ac
h
th
e
f
i
r
s
t
s
en
s
or
di
es
ea
r
l
y
i
n
r
ou
nd
90
,
b
ut
t
h
e
l
as
t
n
od
e
d
i
es
aft
er
l
e
ac
h
i
n
r
ou
nd
92
.
In
MLD
-
Le
ac
h,
th
e
fi
r
s
t
no
d
e
di
es
i
n
r
o
un
d
2
0,
an
d
the
l
as
t
no
d
e
di
es
i
n
r
ou
nd
9
8.
Fi
na
l
l
y
,
o
ur
protoc
ol
ha
s
the
b
es
t
pe
r
f
ormanc
e
i
n
term
of
d
urat
i
on
of
l
i
fe
of
t
he
ne
twork
.
In
fac
t
the
fi
r
s
t
s
en
s
or di
es
i
n
Rou
nd
1
00
a
nd
th
e l
as
t n
o
de
di
es
i
n ro
u
nd
1
04
.
In
th
e
or
i
gi
na
l
prot
oc
ol
,
th
e
hi
g
h
e
ne
r
gy
c
o
ns
um
p
ti
o
n
pe
r
r
ou
nd
du
e
to
t
he
ful
l
e
ne
r
gy
tr
an
s
mi
s
s
i
o
n c
au
s
es
the
s
h
ort durat
i
o
n o
f
th
e n
etwo
r
k
c
om
pa
r
i
ng
to
t
he
oth
er
on
e
s
. O
n t
he
ot
he
r
s
i
de
,
M
-
l
ea
c
h
l
e
ad
s
t
o
l
on
ge
r
l
i
fet
i
m
e
c
o
mp
are
d
to
Le
ac
h.
Mu
l
ti
-
h
op
i
n
M
-
l
ea
c
h
us
es
i
nte
r
me
d
i
at
e
c
l
us
ter
-
he
ad
s
to
r
ea
c
h
th
e
s
i
nk
no
de
b
as
ed
on
l
y
on
d
i
s
tan
c
e,
t
hi
s
c
an
c
au
s
es
an
ov
erlo
a
d
os
s
om
e
c
l
us
ter
-
he
ad
s
.
Henc
e
,
i
t
ha
s
a
di
r
ec
t
eff
ec
t
o
n
t
he
s
e
c
l
u
s
ter
-
he
ad
s
by
dropp
i
ng
th
ei
r
en
ergy
fas
ter
tha
n
o
the
r
s
as
de
pi
c
te
d
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
10
,
th
i
s
c
au
s
es
the
de
at
h
of
s
om
e
no
de
s
d
i
e
i
n
the
f
i
r
s
t
r
ou
nd
s
.
T
he
M
LD
-
l
e
ac
h
gi
v
e
s
a
l
on
g
er
ne
tw
ork
l
i
fet
i
m
e
c
om
pa
r
e
d
to
M
-
Le
ac
h,
ev
e
n
i
f
b
oth
of
the
m
us
e
m
ul
t
i
-
ho
p.
T
h
i
s
r
es
ul
t
c
an
be
j
us
t
i
fi
ed
by
the
fac
t
tha
t
the
am
ou
nt
o
f
i
nt
ermed
i
at
e
c
l
us
t
er
-
he
a
ds
d
ep
e
nd
s
on
t
he
nu
mb
er
of
l
ay
ers
fr
om
t
he
s
i
nk
.
F
i
na
l
l
y
,
t
he
I
CH
-
Le
ac
h
pr
ov
es
mo
r
e
c
o
ns
i
s
ten
c
y
a
nd
ex
te
nd
s
t
he
du
r
at
i
on
of
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
c
om
pa
r
e
d
to
ot
he
r
protoc
o
l
s
,
an
d
c
an
s
e
nd
da
ta
to
t
he
s
i
nk
on
o
ne
h
op
e
i
f
i
t
i
s
t
he
ne
ares
t.
O
the
r
wi
s
e,
t
he
c
l
us
ter
-
he
a
d
c
ho
os
es
th
e
ne
ares
t
c
l
us
ter
-
he
ad
A
s
an
i
nt
erme
di
a
t
e
c
l
us
ter
-
he
ad
.
A
l
s
o,
th
e
tr
an
s
mi
s
s
i
on
po
w
er
i
s
ad
j
us
te
d
ac
c
ord
i
ng
t
o
ne
x
t
no
de
.
T
h
i
s
po
l
i
c
y
ha
s
two
be
ne
f
i
ts
.
F
i
r
s
t,
r
ed
uc
i
n
g
ne
tw
ork
c
on
ge
s
t
i
on
,
s
ec
on
d,
ec
o
no
mi
z
i
n
g
en
ergy
,
whi
c
h
i
s
c
on
fi
r
m
ed
by
the
o
bta
i
n
ed
r
es
u
l
ts
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
8
c
on
c
er
ni
n
g
e
ne
r
gy
c
on
s
um
pt
i
o
n
of
al
l
n
etwo
r
k
no
de
s
.
T
he
F
i
gu
r
e
11
s
ho
ws
t
ha
t
mo
s
t
of
th
e
c
on
s
tr
uc
t
ed
i
m
ag
es
h
av
e
a
l
ow
P
S
NR.
T
h
us
the
qu
al
i
ty
of
the
c
on
s
tr
uc
te
d i
s
l
ow
.
In
F
i
gu
r
e
12
,
th
e M
-
L
ea
c
h c
an
tra
ns
mi
t
fe
w
i
ma
g
es
w
i
t
h h
i
gh
P
S
NR
(
10
0
%)
. Th
e
r
es
t o
f
the
r
es
t
of
r
ec
e
i
v
ed
i
m
ag
es
ha
s
a
l
o
w
P
S
NR
.
In
the
F
i
gu
r
e
1
3,
ML
D
-
L
ea
c
h
ha
s
a
hi
g
h
n
um
be
r
s
of
c
om
pl
ete
d
i
ma
g
es
w
i
th
hi
g
h
P
S
NR
.
I
n
F
i
gu
r
e
14
,
t
he
IC
H
-
Le
ac
h
h
as
the
h
i
gh
es
t
nu
mb
er
of
i
ma
ge
s
w
i
th
h
i
g
he
r
P
S
NR.
A
l
s
o,
m
ore
tha
n
95
%
of
r
e
c
ei
v
ed
i
m
ag
es
are
r
ec
ei
v
e
d
w
i
th
a
qu
al
i
ty
10
0%.
T
he
F
i
g
ure
1
5
s
ho
w
s
tha
t
I
CH
-
Le
ac
h
h
as
the
mi
n
i
m
um
nu
m
be
r
of
l
os
t
p
a
c
k
ets
an
d
hi
g
h
nu
mb
er of
hi
gh
q
ua
l
i
ty
i
ma
ge
s
.
W
e
c
an
ex
p
l
a
i
n
th
es
e
r
es
ul
ts
by
ma
ny
r
ea
s
on
s
.
Res
u
l
t
s
ob
tai
ne
d
w
i
th
Le
ac
h
pr
ot
oc
ol
e
c
an
be
ex
p
l
a
i
ne
d
by
the
ne
twork
c
on
ge
s
ti
on
,
c
a
us
ed
b
y
the
s
i
ng
l
e
h
op
fr
o
m
c
l
us
te
r
-
he
ad
s
.
Hi
gh
nu
mb
er
of
l
os
t
pa
c
k
ets
s
ho
wn
by
th
e
M
-
L
ea
c
h
r
es
ul
ts
are
c
au
s
ed
by
t
he
h
i
gh
a
mo
u
nt
of
i
nte
r
me
d
i
at
es
c
l
us
ter
-
he
ad
s
.
F
or
ML
D
-
l
ea
c
h,
r
es
u
l
ts
c
an
be
ex
pl
ai
n
ed
by
the
fi
x
ed
nu
mb
er
of
i
nte
r
me
d
i
at
e
n
od
es
w
i
th
r
e
s
pe
c
t
to
t
he
nu
m
be
r
of
l
ay
ers
an
d
v
ary
i
ng
t
he
ne
x
t
n
od
e
de
p
en
d
i
n
g
on
t
he
ne
t
wor
k
s
tat
(
di
s
ta
nc
e
a
nd
de
l
ay
)
.
T
h
us
,
we
ha
v
e
l
es
s
c
on
ge
s
t
i
on
a
n
d
l
es
s
l
os
s
ed
pa
c
k
ets
. Fi
na
l
l
y
,
r
es
ul
ts
of
I
CH
-
Le
ac
h
c
an
be
ex
p
l
a
i
ne
d b
y
th
e
fa
c
t
th
at
on
e
i
nte
r
me
d
i
ate
n
od
e
i
s
us
ed
at
mo
s
t.
S
o
, l
es
s
c
on
ge
s
ti
o
n a
r
o
un
d
th
e
s
i
nk
a
n
d l
es
s
p
ac
k
ets
i
n t
he
bu
ff
er.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
IS
S
N: 1
69
3
-
6
93
0
◼
A
ne
w Le
ac
h
pro
toc
ol
ba
s
e
d o
n
ICH
-
Le
ac
h f
or
ad
a
pti
v
e
i
m
ag
e
...
(
A
bd
e
l
a
l
i
Zbak
h
)
2425
F
i
gu
r
e
10
.
Dea
d n
o
de
pe
r
p
r
oto
c
ol
F
i
gu
r
e
11
.
Num
be
r
of
i
ma
g
es
pe
r
P
S
NR
us
i
ng
LE
A
CH
protoc
o
l
F
i
gu
r
e
12
.
Num
be
r
of
i
ma
g
es
pe
r
P
S
NR
us
i
n
g
M
-
LE
A
CH
protoc
o
l
F
i
gu
r
e
13
.
Num
be
r
of
i
ma
g
es
pe
r
P
S
NR
us
i
n
g
MLD
-
L
E
A
C
H prot
oc
ol
F
i
gu
r
e
14
.
Num
be
r
of
i
ma
g
es
pe
r
P
S
NR
us
i
ng
ICH
-
Le
ac
h p
r
ot
oc
o
l
F
i
gu
r
e
15
.
Num
be
r
of
l
os
t
p
ac
k
ets
pe
r
prot
oc
ol
5
.
Co
n
clus
ion
Dur
i
n
g
t
hi
s
wor
k
,
w
e
ad
a
pt
ed
t
he
ICH
-
L
ea
c
h
to
i
ma
g
e
tr
a
ns
ferr
i
ng
by
tak
i
ng
th
e
d
eb
i
t
be
twe
en
t
he
no
d
e
a
nd
t
he
s
i
nk
i
n
to
c
o
ns
i
de
r
a
ti
on
.
T
hi
s
pa
r
am
et
er
de
term
i
ne
s
the
r
es
o
l
ut
i
on
l
ev
el
of
t
he
H
aa
r
tr
an
s
for
m
to
be
us
ed
.
A
s
a
r
es
u
l
t,
t
h
e
nu
mb
er
o
f
pa
c
k
ets
d
urin
g
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
on
proc
es
s
i
s
r
ed
uc
ed
.
A
fte
r
c
om
pa
r
i
ng
ou
r
c
us
tom
i
z
ed
protoc
ol
to
Le
ac
h
de
s
c
en
d
an
ts
,
we
fo
un
d
tha
t
IC
H
-
Le
ac
h
i
nc
r
ea
s
es
the
qu
al
i
ty
an
d
th
e
nu
mb
er
of
tr
an
s
ferr
e
d
i
ma
g
es
an
d
r
ed
uc
es
e
ne
r
gy
c
on
s
um
pt
i
o
n.
T
h
us
,
t
he
l
i
fet
i
me
of
th
e
ne
tw
ork
i
s
ex
ten
de
d
.
A
l
s
o,
th
e
hi
g
h
n
um
b
er
of
i
nte
r
me
d
i
at
e
no
d
es
,
w
hi
c
h
i
s
an
i
s
s
ue
r
e
l
ate
d
to
M
-
Le
ac
h
an
d
ML
D
-
prot
oc
ol
s
.
In
fac
t,
th
i
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
◼
IS
S
N:
16
93
-
6
93
0
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
V
ol
.
1
7
,
No
.
5
,
O
c
tob
er
20
19
:
2
41
8
-
2
4
26
2426
probl
em
c
r
ea
tes
a
hi
g
h
wa
i
ti
ng
l
i
s
t
of
pa
c
k
ets
.
T
hu
s
,
t
he
c
om
bi
na
t
i
on
of
o
ur
prot
oc
ol
a
nd
D
W
T
tec
hn
i
qu
e
i
s
m
ore s
ui
tab
l
e
f
or i
m
ag
e
tr
an
s
ferr
i
ng
.
Ref
er
en
ce
s
[1
]
KC
Rah
m
a
n
.
A.
s
u
r
v
e
y
o
n
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
e
two
rk
.
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Com
p
u
te
r
a
n
d
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
.
2
0
1
0
;
1
:
7
6
-
8
7
.
[2
]
W
L
e
.
Ap
p
l
i
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
W
i
re
l
e
s
s
Se
n
s
o
r
Net
wor
k
a
n
d
RF
ID
M
o
n
i
to
r
i
n
g
Sy
s
te
m
i
n
Ai
r
p
o
r
t
L
o
g
i
s
ti
c
s
.
In
te
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
O
n
l
i
n
e
En
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
(i
J
O
E)
.
2
0
1
8
;
1
4
(
0
1
):
8
9
‑
1
0
3
.
[3
]
L
Hun
g
a
ry
.
An
Al
g
o
ri
t
h
m
o
f
Wi
re
l
e
s
s
Se
n
s
o
r
M
o
n
i
to
r
i
n
g
Sy
s
te
m
.
In
te
r
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
O
n
l
i
n
e
En
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
(i
J
O
E)
.
2
0
1
8
;
1
4
(
0
1
):
5
2
-
65.
[4
]
R
Sh
i
,
W
Xi
.
Se
c
u
ri
ty
O
p
ti
m
i
z
a
ti
o
n
o
f
W
i
re
l
e
s
s
Se
n
s
o
r
N
e
two
rk
s
B
a
s
e
d
o
n
Cl
o
u
d
Pl
a
tf
o
rm
.
In
te
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
O
n
l
i
n
e
En
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
(i
J
O
E)
.
2
0
1
8
;
1
4
(
0
2
):
4
8
-
59.
[5
]
T
O
j
h
a
,
S
M
i
s
ra
,
NS
R
a
g
h
u
w
a
n
s
h
i
.
Wi
re
l
e
s
s
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
e
two
r
k
s
fo
r
a
g
r
i
c
u
l
tu
re
:
T
h
e
s
ta
te
-
of
-
th
e
-
a
rt
i
n
p
ra
c
t
i
c
e
a
n
d
f
u
tu
r
e
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
.
Com
p
u
t.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
Ag
r
i
c
.
2
0
1
5
;
1
1
8
:
6
6
-
8
4
.
[6
]
V
Rom
a
n
o
v
,
I
G
a
l
e
l
y
u
k
a
,
Y
S
a
ra
k
h
a
n
.
W
i
re
l
e
s
s
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
e
t
work
s
i
n
a
g
r
i
c
u
l
tu
re
.
2
0
1
5
IEE
E
Se
v
e
n
t
h
In
te
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
In
te
l
l
i
g
e
n
t
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
a
n
d
I
n
fo
r
m
a
ti
o
n
Sy
s
te
m
s
(I
CICIS)
.
2
0
1
5
:
77
-
80.
[7
]
K
G
rg
i
ć
,
D
Za
g
a
r
,
V
Kri
ž
a
n
o
v
i
ć
.
M
e
d
i
c
a
l
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s
o
f
w
i
re
l
e
s
s
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
e
two
r
k
s
-
c
u
rr
e
n
t
s
ta
tu
s
a
n
d
fu
tu
re
d
i
re
c
ti
o
n
s
.
M
e
d
.
G
l
a
s
.
O
ff
.
Pu
b
l
.
M
e
d
.
A
s
s
o
c
.
Z
e
n
i
c
a
-
Do
b
o
j
Ca
n
t.
Bo
s
n
i
a
Her
z
e
g
.
2
0
1
2
;
9
(1
):
23
-
31.
[8
]
SB
O
th
m
a
n
,
AA
Ba
h
a
tt
a
b
,
A
Tra
d
,
H
Yo
u
s
s
e
f
.
Se
c
u
re
D
a
ta
Tra
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
Pro
to
c
o
l
fo
r
M
e
d
i
c
a
l
Wi
re
l
e
s
s
S
e
n
s
o
r
Net
work
s
.
2
0
1
4
IEEE
2
8
th
In
te
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Con
fe
re
n
c
e
o
n
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
I
n
fo
rm
a
t
i
o
n
Net
work
i
n
g
a
n
d
Ap
p
l
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s
.
2014
:
649
-
656.
[9
]
H
S Ah
m
e
d
,
AA Al
i
,
Wi
r
e
l
e
s
s
S
e
n
s
o
r
Ne
two
rk
f
o
r
M
e
d
i
c
a
l
.
2
0
1
5
;
1
1
.
[1
0
]
IF
Ak
y
i
l
d
i
z
,
T
M
e
l
o
d
i
a
,
KR
Ch
o
wdh
u
ry
.
A
s
u
r
v
e
y
o
n
w
i
re
l
e
s
s
m
u
l
ti
m
e
d
i
a
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
e
two
r
k
s
.
Com
p
u
t
.
Net
w
.
2
0
0
7
;
51(
4
):
9
2
1
-
9
6
0
.
[1
1
]
I
Be
n
k
h
e
l
i
fa
,
NN
T
a
b
o
u
d
j
e
m
a
t
,
S
M
o
u
s
s
a
o
u
i
.
Di
s
a
s
te
r
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
Pro
j
e
c
ts
U
s
i
n
g
Wi
r
e
l
e
s
s
Se
n
s
o
r
Net
work
s
:
An
Ov
e
rv
i
e
w
.
2
0
1
4
:
605
-
6
1
0
.
[1
2
]
D
Che
n
,
Z
L
i
u
,
L
Wa
n
g
,
M
Dou
,
J
Ch
e
n
,
H
L
i
.
Nat
u
ra
l
Dis
a
s
te
r
M
o
n
i
to
r
i
n
g
wit
h
Wi
re
l
e
s
s
Se
n
s
o
r
Net
work
s
:
A Ca
s
e
S
tu
d
y
o
f
Da
ta
-
i
n
t
e
n
s
i
v
e
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s
u
p
o
n
L
o
w
-
Cos
t
S
c
a
l
a
b
l
e
Sy
s
te
m
s
.
M
o
b
.
Net
w
Ap
p
l
.
2
0
1
3
;
1
8
(
5
):
6
5
1
-
6
6
3
.
[1
3
]
A
Al
a
n
a
z
i
,
K
El
l
e
i
th
y
.
Rea
l
-
T
i
m
e
Q
o
S
Rou
t
i
n
g
Pro
to
c
o
l
s
i
n
Wi
re
l
e
s
s
M
u
l
ti
m
e
d
i
a
S
e
n
s
o
r
Net
work
s
:
Stu
d
y
a
n
d
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
.
S
e
n
s
o
rs
(
Ba
s
e
l
)
.
2
0
1
5
;
1
5
:
2
2
2
0
9
-
2
2
2
3
3
.
[1
4
]
Y
Su
n
,
J
G
u
o
,
Y
Ya
o
.
Sp
e
e
d
Up
-
G
re
e
d
y
Pe
r
i
m
e
te
r
Sta
t
e
l
e
s
s
Rou
ti
n
g
Pro
to
c
o
l
fo
r
Wi
r
e
l
e
s
s
Se
n
s
o
r
Net
work
s
(SU
-
G
PSR)
.
IEEE
1
8
th
In
te
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fe
re
n
c
e
o
n
Hig
h
Pe
rfo
r
m
a
n
c
e
Swit
c
h
i
n
g
a
n
d
Rou
ti
n
g
(HPSR). 2
0
1
7
:
1
-
6.
[1
5
]
S
Ki
m
,
H
Cho
,
T
Ya
n
g
,
C
Ki
m
,
SH
Ki
m
.
L
o
w
-
Cos
t
M
u
l
ti
p
a
t
h
Rou
ti
n
g
Pro
to
c
o
l
b
y
Ad
a
p
ti
n
g
O
p
p
o
rtu
n
i
s
t
i
c
Rou
ti
n
g
i
n
Wi
r
e
l
e
s
s
Se
n
s
o
r
Ne
two
rk
s
.
IEEE
W
i
re
l
e
s
s
Co
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
Net
work
i
n
g
Con
fe
re
n
c
e
(
WCNC
).
2
0
1
7
:
1
-
6.
[1
6
]
M
BM
Ta
j
,
M
A
Kb
i
r.
ICH
-
L
E
ACH
:
An
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
L
EACH
p
ro
t
o
c
o
l
f
o
r
w
i
re
l
e
s
s
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
e
two
r
k
.
In
te
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
fe
re
c
e
A
d
v
e
n
c
e
d
Com
m
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
Sy
s
s
y
s
t
e
m
a
n
d
I
n
fo
r
m
a
ti
o
n
s
e
c
u
ri
t
y
(ACO
SIS)
.
2016
:
1
-
5.
[1
7
]
S
Don
g
,
C
L
i
.
Th
e
Im
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
L
EACH
Al
g
o
ri
t
h
m
i
n
Wi
re
l
e
s
s
S
e
n
s
o
r
Net
wor
k
s
.
I
n
te
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
O
n
l
i
n
e
En
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
(i
J
O
E)
.
2
0
1
6
;
1
2
(1
1
)
:
4
6
-
51.
[1
8
]
R
K
Ko
d
a
l
i
,
VSKAS
Bh
a
n
d
a
ri
,
L
B
o
p
p
a
n
a
.
E
n
e
rg
y
e
f
fi
c
i
e
n
t
m
-
l
e
v
e
l
L
EACH
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
.
2
0
1
5
In
te
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Con
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
s
i
n
Com
p
u
ti
n
g
,
Co
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
c
s
(ICACC
I)
.
2015
:
973
-
979.
[1
9
]
WR
Hei
n
z
e
l
m
a
n
,
A
C
h
a
n
d
r
a
k
a
s
a
n
,
H
Ba
l
a
k
r
i
s
h
n
a
n
.
En
e
r
g
y
-
e
ff
i
c
i
e
n
t
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
fo
r
wir
e
l
e
s
s
m
i
c
ro
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
e
two
r
k
s
.
Th
e
3
3
rd
A
n
n
u
a
l
Hawa
i
i
In
te
r
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Con
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
Sy
s
te
m
Sc
i
e
n
c
e
s
.
2
0
0
0
;
10.
[2
0
]
EF
O
l
i
v
e
i
ra
,
AG
C
Bi
a
n
c
h
i
,
L
d
e
S
M
a
r
ti
n
s
-
Fi
l
h
o
,
RF
M
a
c
h
a
d
o
.
G
ra
n
u
l
o
m
e
tri
c
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
th
e
e
n
e
rg
y
o
f
Wa
v
e
l
e
t
T
ra
n
s
fo
rm
c
o
e
ff
i
c
i
e
n
ts
.
Rem
:
Rev
i
s
t
a
Es
c
o
l
a
d
e
M
i
n
a
s
.
2
0
1
0
;
63
:
3
4
7
-
354.
[2
1
]
CC
2
2
4
0
a
n
d
re
a
l
ti
m
e
d
a
t
a
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
i
o
n
s
p
e
e
d
.
Bl
u
e
to
o
th
®
fo
ru
m
-
B
l
u
e
t
o
o
th
®
-
TI
E
2
E
Com
m
u
n
i
t
y
.
[En
l
i
g
n
e
]
.
Di
s
p
o
n
i
b
l
e
s
u
r:
h
tt
p
s
:/
/e
2
e
.t
i
.
c
o
m
/s
u
p
p
o
r
t/
wir
e
l
e
s
s
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
/
b
l
u
e
to
o
t
h
/f
/5
3
8
/t
/2
9
3
2
7
1
.
[Co
n
s
u
l
té
l
e
:
1
7
-
j
u
i
n
-
2
0
1
9
]
.
[2
2
]
M
A
Kb
i
r,
M
B
e
n
n
a
n
i
.
R
o
u
n
d
ti
m
e
a
d
a
p
ta
t
i
o
n
fo
r
i
m
a
g
e
tra
n
s
fe
r
i
n
g
o
v
e
r
wir
e
l
e
s
s
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
e
two
r
k
s
l
e
a
c
h
p
ro
to
c
o
l
.
4
th
IEEE
I
n
te
r
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
l
l
o
q
u
i
u
m
o
n
In
fo
r
m
a
ti
o
n
Sc
i
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(Ci
St
)
.
2016
:
896
-
900
.
[2
3
]
Com
p
u
t
e
p
e
a
k
s
i
g
n
a
l
-
to
-
n
o
i
s
e
ra
t
i
o
(PSNR
)
b
e
tw
e
e
n
i
m
a
g
e
s
-
Si
m
u
l
i
n
k
.
[En
l
i
g
n
e
].
Dis
p
o
n
i
b
l
e
s
u
r
:
h
tt
p
s
:/
/www
.m
a
t
h
work
s
.
c
o
m
/h
e
l
p
/
v
i
s
i
o
n
/r
e
f/
p
s
n
r.
h
tm
l
.
[Co
n
s
u
l
té
l
e
:
1
7
-
j
u
i
n
-
2
0
1
9
].
[2
4
]
Ev
a
l
u
a
ti
o
n
d
e
l
a
q
u
a
l
i
t
é
.
[E
n
l
i
g
n
e
].
Di
s
p
o
n
i
b
l
e
s
u
r
:
h
tt
p
:/
/www
.re
n
n
e
s
.s
u
p
e
l
e
c
.
fr/
r
e
n
/
p
e
r
s
o
/
j
wei
s
s
/t
v
/p
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
/
q
u
a
l
i
te
.p
h
p
.
[C
o
n
s
u
l
té
l
e
:
1
7
-
j
u
i
n
-
2
0
1
9
].
[2
5
]
Huy
n
h
-
T
h
u
e
t
M
.
G
h
a
n
b
a
r
i
.
Sc
o
p
e
o
f
v
a
l
i
d
i
ty
o
f
PSNR
i
n
i
m
a
g
e
/v
i
d
e
o
q
u
a
l
i
ty
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
.
El
e
c
tr
o
n
i
c
s
L
e
tt
e
r
s
.
J
u
n
e
2
0
0
8
.
44
(
13
):
8
0
0
-
801.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.