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T
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18
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5
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2
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2
0
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3
7
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2747
2738
T
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3
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f
d
ata
a
r
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
s
atelli
te
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
li
k
e
L
a
n
d
s
at,
I
KONO
S,
SP
OT
-
5
,
W
o
r
d
Vie
w
-
2
,
Q
u
ic
k
B
ir
d
,
Geo
E
y
e,
a
n
d
Or
b
v
ie
w
.
I
n
g
eo
lo
g
ical
ap
p
licatio
n
,
R
S
s
a
t
ellite
i
m
a
g
es
a
s
s
i
s
t
i
n
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
co
s
t
-
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
g
eo
th
er
m
al
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
a
n
d
in
id
en
ti
f
y
i
n
g
th
e
g
eo
th
er
m
al
p
o
ten
tial
b
y
a
s
ce
r
tain
i
n
g
th
e
la
n
d
s
u
r
f
ac
e
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
(
L
ST
)
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
er
m
a
l
in
f
r
ar
ed
r
em
o
te
s
en
s
in
g
(
T
I
R
)
.
No
w
th
at
m
o
r
e
e
m
p
h
asi
s
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
d
ir
ec
ted
to
w
ar
d
s
t
h
e
s
ea
r
c
h
f
o
r
r
en
e
w
ab
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
T
I
R
is
r
eg
ar
d
ed
as v
ital
w
h
e
n
e
x
p
lo
r
in
g
g
eo
t
h
er
m
a
l
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
[
5
]
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
s
atellite
s
en
s
o
r
s
th
at
T
I
R
im
a
g
es c
a
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
is
L
an
d
s
at
`
s
T
h
er
m
al
I
n
f
r
ar
ed
Sen
s
o
r
(
T
I
R
S),
w
h
ic
h
co
n
tai
n
s
a
w
ea
lt
h
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
b
o
u
t
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
ti
cs
o
f
th
e
ea
r
th
o
v
er
th
e
p
ast
4
0
y
ea
r
s
.
I
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
th
e
t
h
er
m
a
l
e
m
i
s
s
io
n
i
n
b
an
d
n
u
m
b
er
te
n
o
n
t
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
(
1
0
.
6
0
–
1
1
.
1
9
μ
m
)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
c
h
an
g
es
i
n
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies.
T
h
e
i
m
ag
es
h
elp
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
t
h
er
m
al
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
o
f
an
ar
ea
an
d
to
d
etec
t
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
an
o
m
alie
s
.
T
h
e
an
o
m
alies
th
at
i
n
d
icate
a
h
ig
h
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
g
eo
t
h
er
m
a
l
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
th
e
ar
ea
s
w
it
h
a
h
ig
h
L
ST
.
T
I
R
is
ac
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
d
as
an
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
o
b
tain
i
n
g
q
u
an
titati
v
e
an
d
q
u
alitati
v
e
L
ST
d
ata
o
n
r
e
g
io
n
al
a
n
d
g
lo
b
al
s
ca
les
[
5
,
6
]
,
an
d
L
ST
is
r
eg
ar
d
ed
as
a
k
e
y
f
ac
to
r
in
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
o
f
g
eo
lo
g
ical
s
u
r
f
ac
e
ac
tiv
it
y
[
7
].
L
an
d
s
at
T
I
R
d
ata
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
s
p
atial
d
ec
is
io
n
m
ak
i
n
g
an
d
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
w
ater
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
Als
o
,
it
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
ati
n
g
u
r
b
an
m
icr
o
cli
m
ates,
m
ap
p
in
g
s
en
s
i
b
le
h
ea
t
f
l
u
x
,
m
o
n
i
to
r
i
n
g
v
o
lc
an
o
es,
an
d
o
b
s
er
v
i
n
g
f
ir
e
d
ep
leted
f
lo
r
a
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
b
u
r
n
t
ar
ea
m
ap
p
in
g
.
Ob
s
er
v
i
n
g
L
ST
p
r
o
v
id
es
v
ital
d
ata
o
n
th
e
cli
m
ate
a
n
d
p
h
y
s
ical
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
o
f
th
e
p
lan
et
`
s
s
u
r
f
ac
e.
T
h
is
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
u
s
ed
in
s
tu
d
ie
s
o
n
g
lo
b
al
w
ar
m
in
g
,
ev
ap
o
tr
an
s
p
i
r
atio
n
,
h
y
d
r
o
lo
g
ical
c
y
cles,
v
e
g
etatio
n
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
u
r
b
an
cli
m
a
tic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
an
d
th
e
u
r
b
an
h
ea
t
is
lan
d
ef
f
ec
t
[
8
]
.
L
ST
is
b
ec
o
m
in
g
m
o
r
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
in
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
s
tu
d
ie
s
an
d
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
ar
e
b
ein
g
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
to
o
b
s
er
v
e
L
ST
f
r
o
m
s
p
ac
e
[
9
]
.
L
ST
is
al
s
o
m
en
t
io
n
ed
in
a
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
ec
o
lo
g
y
,
h
y
d
r
o
lo
g
y
,
an
d
g
lo
b
al
ch
an
g
e
[
1
0
,
1
1
]
.
L
ST
s
p
ec
if
icall
y
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
t
e
m
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
th
e
E
ar
th
`
s
s
u
r
f
ac
e,
an
d
it
is
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
eit
h
er
s
atellite
i
m
a
g
er
y
o
r
b
y
tak
i
n
g
d
ir
ec
t
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
.
Satel
lite
i
m
a
g
er
y
h
elp
s
to
m
o
n
ito
r
t
h
e
v
ar
i
atio
n
i
n
t
h
e
ea
r
t
h
`
s
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
an
d
to
o
b
s
er
v
e
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
o
f
s
u
r
f
ac
e
en
er
g
y
an
d
w
ater
b
alan
ce
at
a
lo
c
al
an
d
g
lo
b
al
s
ca
le.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
f
o
r
esti
m
ati
n
g
L
ST
f
r
o
m
s
a
telli
te
T
I
R
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
ts
w
h
ic
h
a
r
e
b
ased
o
n
v
ar
y
i
n
g
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
[
1
2
,
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
in
g
L
ST
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
s
ar
e
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
ev
ap
o
r
atio
n
m
o
d
ell
in
g
,
cli
m
ate
m
o
d
ell
in
g
,
an
d
r
ad
iativ
e
tr
a
n
s
f
er
m
o
d
elli
n
g
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
an
al
y
s
e
s
t
h
e
lan
d
s
u
r
f
ac
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
to
id
en
t
if
y
p
o
ten
tial
g
eo
th
er
m
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
b
ased
o
n
r
e
m
o
te
s
e
n
s
in
g
u
s
i
n
g
L
an
d
s
at
8
T
I
R
S
i
m
a
g
er
y
f
r
o
m
s
ate
llit
e
d
ata
.
Si
n
ce
it
w
a
s
p
r
o
v
id
ed
th
er
m
al
i
n
f
r
ar
ed
b
an
d
s
(
B
an
d
1
0
an
d
1
1
)
fo
r
esti
m
ati
n
g
b
r
ig
h
t
n
es
s
s
u
r
f
ac
e.
S
in
g
le
c
h
an
n
el/Mo
n
o
-
w
i
n
d
o
w
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
w
er
e
u
s
ed
to
g
en
er
ate
t
h
e
L
ST
m
ap
s
.
An
d
d
ata
s
et
w
a
s
co
m
b
i
n
ed
w
i
th
a
d
ig
ital
ele
v
atio
n
m
o
d
el
(
DE
M)
to
id
en
tify
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
g
eo
th
er
m
al
e
n
e
r
g
y
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
v
ar
iatio
n
i
n
s
u
r
f
ac
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
.
T
I
R
r
e
m
o
te
s
en
s
i
n
g
i
s
an
e
x
ce
llen
t
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
o
b
tain
in
g
L
ST
d
ata
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
d
etec
ts
m
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
e
n
er
g
y
th
at
e
m
its
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
t
h
e
la
n
d
[
1
5
,
16
]
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
ar
ea
in
th
is
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
i
s
lo
ca
ted
W
est
Su
m
atr
a
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia
w
i
th
t
h
e
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ic
co
o
r
d
in
ates
o
f
1
°0
0
′S
1
0
0
°3
0
′E.
T
h
e
m
aj
o
r
it
y
o
f
W
es
t
S
u
m
atr
a
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
th
e
h
i
g
h
lan
d
s
o
f
th
e
B
u
k
i
t
B
ar
is
an
m
o
u
n
tai
n
r
a
n
g
e
w
h
ich
r
u
n
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
ce
n
tr
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
v
in
ce
f
r
o
m
n
o
r
t
h
to
s
o
u
t
h
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
lo
w
lan
d
ar
ea
s
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
t
h
e
m
o
u
n
ta
in
s
an
d
th
e
w
e
s
t
co
ast
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
v
i
n
ce
f
ac
es
t
h
e
I
n
d
ia
n
Oce
an
.
W
est
S
u
m
atr
a
b
o
r
d
er
s
th
e
p
r
o
v
in
ce
s
o
f
No
r
th
Su
m
atr
a
an
d
R
iau
i
n
th
e
n
o
r
t
h
,
as
w
ell
as
J
am
b
i
an
d
B
en
g
k
u
l
u
to
th
e
s
o
u
t
h
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
in
5
d
i
s
tr
icts
o
f
W
est
Su
m
atr
a,
th
e
y
a
r
e
P
asa
m
an
,
A
g
a
m
,
So
lo
k
,
T
an
ah
Data
r
,
an
d
L
i
m
a
P
u
lu
h
Ko
ta
as s
h
o
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1.
L
a
n
d
s
at
8
ca
r
r
ies t
w
o
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
: t
h
e
f
ir
s
t is T
I
R
S (
th
er
m
al
in
f
r
ar
ed
s
en
s
o
r
)
w
h
ich
i
n
cl
u
d
es b
an
d
1
0
an
d
1
1
an
d
OL
I
(
o
p
er
atio
n
al
l
an
d
i
m
a
g
i
n
er
)
s
en
s
o
r
B
an
d
(
1
-
9
)
,
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
s
co
llect
i
m
a
g
e
d
ata
f
r
o
m
n
i
n
e
s
h
o
r
t
wav
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
b
an
d
s
(
O
L
I
1
~
O
L
I
9
)
o
v
er
a
1
8
5
k
m
s
w
a
th
with
a
3
0
m
s
p
atial
r
eso
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
all
b
an
d
s
e
x
ce
p
t
f
o
r
th
e
1
5
m
p
a
n
ch
r
o
m
atic
b
an
d
(
OL
I
8
)
;
T
I
R
S
p
r
o
v
id
es
im
ag
e
d
ata
f
o
r
b
o
th
th
er
m
a
l
b
an
d
s
(
T
I
R
S1
0
,
T
I
R
S1
1
)
w
i
th
a
r
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
1
0
0
m
.
T
h
e
d
ata
f
o
r
th
is
s
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2
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6
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2
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h
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lc
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1
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2
.
5
.
T
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T
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n
u
m
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s
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DNs)
o
f
b
a
n
d
s
1
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9
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to
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d
t
h
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s
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ce
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w
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s
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lcu
la
ted
b
y
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lt
ip
l
y
i
n
g
m
u
ltip
lica
tiv
e
r
ad
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m
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ic
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g
f
ac
to
r
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th
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T
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s
w
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et
o
f
b
i
as
an
d
g
a
in
s
(
r
ad
io
m
etr
ic
ca
lib
r
atio
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
ts
)
f
o
r
th
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
p
ec
tr
al
b
an
d
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
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o
m
p
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t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
A
s
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men
t o
f La
n
d
s
a
t 8
TIR
S
d
a
ta
c
a
p
a
b
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fo
r
th
e
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elimin
a
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y
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… (
Yu
h
en
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r
a
)
2741
A
Q
M
L
L
c
a
l
L
x
(
1
)
w
h
er
e
L
is
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
r
ad
ia
n
ce
in
w
att
s
/(
m
−2
s
r
ad
−1
μ
m
−1
)
;
M
L
th
e
b
an
d
-
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
m
u
l
tip
licativ
e
r
escali
n
g
f
ac
to
r
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
eta
d
ata
(
0
.
0
0
0
3
4
2
)
;
is
th
e
b
an
d
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
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d
itiv
e
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escalin
g
f
ac
t
o
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f
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o
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th
e
m
e
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.
1
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is
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DN
v
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f
o
r
th
e
q
u
a
n
tized
an
d
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lib
r
ated
s
tan
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ar
d
p
r
o
d
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ct
p
ix
el
o
f
b
an
d
1
0
.
2
.
6
.
B
rig
htness
t
e
m
pera
t
ure
(
B
T
)
B
T
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
et
ic
r
ad
iatio
n
th
at
tr
av
el
s
u
p
w
ar
d
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
to
p
o
f
th
e
at
m
o
s
p
h
er
e
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
er
m
al
ca
lib
r
atio
n
in
v
o
l
v
es
co
n
v
er
ti
n
g
t
h
e
t
h
er
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a
l
DN
v
al
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es
o
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th
e
r
a
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er
m
al
b
a
n
d
s
f
r
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m
t
h
e
T
I
R
s
en
s
o
r
in
to
T
OA
s
p
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tr
al
r
ad
ian
ce
,
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
th
e
B
T
eq
u
atio
n
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
(
2
)
,
=
2
(
1
∗
+
1
)
−
273
(
2
)
w
h
er
e
:
L
a
n
d
s
a
t
T
E
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
te
m
p
er
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r
e
(
C
elsi
u
s
)
,
L
Sp
ec
tr
al
r
ad
ian
c
e
w
att
/(
m
2
*
s
r
ad
*
µ
m
)
,
K1
,
K2
C
alib
r
atio
n
co
n
s
ta
n
ts
,
ε
e
m
is
s
iv
i
t
y
v
al
u
e
g
iv
en
w
h
e
n
NDVI
p
r
o
ce
s
s
y
et.
2
.
7
.
E
s
t
i
m
a
t
io
n o
f
e
m
i
s
s
iv
it
y
E
m
is
s
i
v
it
y
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
r
ad
i
o
ac
tiv
e
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
an
o
b
j
ec
t
an
d
s
u
m
m
ar
i
s
es
i
ts
ab
ili
t
y
to
e
m
it
r
ad
iatio
n
[
20
,
2
1
]
.
T
o
o
b
tain
th
e
L
ST
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
m
e
asu
r
e
lan
d
s
u
r
f
ac
e
e
m
i
s
s
i
v
it
y
.
Fo
r
th
is
r
esear
ch
,
th
e
e
m
is
s
iv
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t
y
o
f
t
h
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n
d
s
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e
w
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o
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ed
u
s
i
n
g
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DVI
as
s
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g
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e
s
ted
b
y
Z
h
a
n
g
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
lan
d
e
m
i
s
s
i
v
it
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v
a
lu
e
s
as s
h
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n
in
T
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le
2
w
er
e
th
e
n
ca
lc
u
l
ated
f
r
o
m
th
e
ND
VI
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lt
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
(3
).
T
ab
le
2
.
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s
tim
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tio
n
o
f
la
n
d
s
u
r
f
ac
e
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
f
r
o
m
NDVI
[
2
2
]
N
D
V
I
L
a
n
d
su
r
f
a
c
e
e
mi
ss
i
v
i
t
y
(
Ɛ
i
)
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D
V
I
<
-
0
.
1
8
5
0
.
9
9
5
-
0
.
1
8
5
≤
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V
I
<
0
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1
5
7
0
.
9
7
0
0
.
1
5
7
≤
N
D
V
I
≤
0
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7
2
7
1
.
0
0
9
4
+
0
.
0
0
4
7
*
L
n
(
N
D
V
I
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N
D
V
I
>
0
.
7
2
7
0
.
9
9
0
T
h
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
e
m
is
s
i
v
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e
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n
w
h
e
n
NDVI
p
r
o
ce
s
s
y
et
:
=
0
.
0
0
4
V
P
+
0
.
9
8
6
(
3
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2
m
i
n
m
a
x
m
i
n
N
D
V
I
N
D
V
I
N
D
V
I
N
D
V
I
P
V
(
4
)
2
.
8
.
Ca
lcula
t
i
o
n ND
VI
NDVI
is
a
s
tr
aig
h
t
f
o
r
w
ar
d
g
r
ap
h
ical
in
d
icato
r
th
at
an
al
y
s
es
r
e
m
o
te
s
en
s
in
g
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
ts
an
d
ass
es
s
es
w
h
et
h
er
o
r
n
o
t
a
n
ar
ea
co
n
tain
s
g
r
ee
n
v
e
g
etati
o
n
.
St
u
d
ies
s
h
o
w
t
h
at
NDV
I
p
r
o
v
id
es
ac
cu
r
ate
esti
m
atio
n
s
o
f
s
u
r
f
ac
e
r
ad
ian
t
t
e
m
p
er
atu
r
es
[
2
3
-
2
6
]
.
NDVI
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
s
th
at
w
a
s
en
t
er
ed
in
to
th
e
m
o
d
el
to
r
etr
iev
e
L
ST
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
(5
):
R
NI
R
R
NI
R
ND
V
I
(
5
)
w
h
er
e
NI
R
is
Nea
r
I
n
f
r
a
-
r
ed
b
an
d
an
d
R
is
t
h
e
r
ed
b
an
d
.
2
.
9
.
L
a
nd
s
urf
a
ce
t
e
m
pera
t
ure
(
L
ST
)
L
ST
m
u
s
t
b
e
k
n
o
w
n
i
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
esti
m
ate
L
ST
,
s
in
ce
it’s
a
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
alit
y
f
ac
to
r
th
at
s
ca
le
s
b
lack
b
o
d
y
r
ad
ian
ce
P
lan
ck
’
s
la
w
(
)
to
p
r
ed
ict
em
itted
r
ad
ian
ce
,
an
d
it
is
th
e
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
tr
an
s
m
itti
n
g
th
er
m
al
en
e
r
g
y
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
i
n
to
t
h
e
at
m
o
s
p
h
er
e
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
last
s
tep
o
f
r
etr
iev
i
n
g
th
e
L
ST
o
r
th
e
e
m
i
s
s
iv
it
y
co
r
r
ec
ted
lan
d
s
u
r
f
ac
e
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
(
c
e
l
s
ius
)
d
escr
ib
ed
co
m
p
u
ted
as
f
o
llo
w
s
[
2
7
]
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
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t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
18
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
2
0
2
0
:
2
7
3
7
-
2747
2742
15
.
2
7
2
)
(
)
(
K
e
l
v
i
n
C
e
l
c
i
u
s
T
T
(
6
)
=
(
1
+
∗
(
)
∗
ln
(
)
)
(
7
)
w
h
er
e
,
w
=
w
a
v
ele
n
g
th
,
=
1
.
4
3
8
*
1
0
-
2
mK
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
3
.
1
.
C
o
lo
ur
ba
la
ncing
T
h
e
L
an
d
s
at
8
i
m
a
g
e
s
a
tellite
i
m
ag
e
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
in
t
o
r
ed
(
R
)
,
g
r
ee
n
(
G)
,
an
d
b
lu
e
(
B
)
co
lo
u
r
co
m
p
o
s
i
tes
(
b
alan
ci
n
g
)
w
it
h
a
s
p
atial
r
eso
lu
tio
n
o
f
1
5
m
.
A
co
lo
r
c
o
m
p
o
s
ite
o
f
R
GB
w
er
e
u
s
ed
as
b
asis
o
f
v
is
u
al
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
(
a
)
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
co
lo
u
r
co
m
b
in
at
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
R
GB
4
3
2
b
an
d
(
n
atu
r
al
co
lo
u
r
)
d
en
o
tes
n
atu
r
al
o
b
j
ec
t
lik
e
v
eg
e
ta
tio
n
s
in
ce
t
h
e
co
lo
u
r
is
g
r
ee
n
,
w
h
ile
R
GB
5
,
6
,
7
s
h
o
w
ed
f
alse
co
lo
r
.
B
o
th
co
m
p
o
s
ite
s
w
er
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
v
o
lcan
ic
p
r
o
d
u
c
ts
an
d
lin
ea
m
e
n
t a
n
a
l
y
s
es
.
A
n
d
also
,
t
o
estab
lis
h
th
e
d
en
s
it
y
lev
el
o
f
v
eg
etat
io
n
,
th
e
r
ed
i
m
ag
e
i
s
u
s
e
f
u
l
to
g
at
h
er
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
f
o
r
est
a
n
d
th
e
m
atu
r
it
y
o
f
th
e
v
e
g
etatio
n
a
s
s
h
o
w
i
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
3
(
b
)
co
v
er
s
f
o
r
esti
m
at
in
g
t
h
e
lea
f
co
n
d
itio
n
r
elate
d
to
g
eo
th
er
m
al
s
y
s
te
m
b
en
ea
th
t
h
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
W
est Su
m
atr
a
ar
ea
im
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
w
it
h
co
lo
u
r
b
alan
ci
n
g
;
(
a)
R
GB
b
an
d
4
3
2
,
(
b
)
R
GB
b
an
d
5
6
7
3
.
2
.
SRT
M
DE
M
a
nd
c
o
un
t
o
ur
Var
io
u
s
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
d
ata
l
ik
e
s
h
u
ttle
r
ad
ar
to
p
o
g
r
ap
h
y
m
is
s
io
n
(
SR
T
M)
d
ata
an
d
d
ig
ital
ele
v
at
io
n
m
o
d
el
(
DE
M)
d
ata
w
er
e
u
s
ed
to
p
r
ep
ar
e
L
ST
m
ap
s
o
f
th
e
ar
ea
.
T
h
e
DE
M
w
a
s
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
to
p
o
g
r
ap
h
ical
m
ap
s
,
an
d
th
e
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ical
co
o
r
d
in
ate
s
y
s
te
m
an
d
W
G
S
8
4
d
atu
m
w
er
e
u
s
ed
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
in
g
le
m
ap
r
ec
ti
f
icatio
n
.
T
h
e
g
eo
-
r
ef
er
en
ce
d
to
p
o
g
r
ap
h
ical
m
ap
s
o
f
th
e
ar
ea
w
er
e
m
o
s
aic.
T
h
e
o
r
ig
in
al
SR
T
M
DE
M
w
as
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
co
n
to
u
r
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e.
SR
T
M
d
ata
r
eq
u
ir
es
a
lo
t
o
f
p
r
e
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
to
m
a
k
e
s
u
r
e
th
e
r
e
ar
e
n
o
s
p
u
r
io
u
s
ar
tef
ac
ts
w
h
ic
h
co
u
ld
b
ec
o
m
e
p
r
o
b
lem
atic
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
,
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
p
its
,
s
p
i
k
es,
a
n
d
p
atch
es
o
f
n
o
d
ata.
T
h
e
f
in
al
m
ap
r
ep
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T
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5
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
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6
9
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6930
T
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K
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18
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5
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2
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3
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2746
4.
CO
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s
u
g
g
esti
o
n
s
w
h
ic
h
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
th
e
clar
it
y
a
n
d
q
u
alit
y
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
S
in
g
h
H.
K.,
“
G
e
o
th
e
rm
a
l
e
n
e
rg
y
p
o
te
n
ti
a
l
o
f
In
d
ian
o
il
f
ield
s,”
Ge
o
me
c
h
.
Ge
o
p
h
y
s.
Ge
o
-
e
n
e
rg
.
Ge
o
-
re
so
u
r
.,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
1
9
,
p
p
.
1
-
9
,
2
0
2
0
.
[2
]
Ra
m
a
c
h
a
n
d
ra
T
.
V
.
,
“
S
o
lar
e
n
e
rg
y
p
o
ten
ti
a
l
a
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
u
sin
g
G
I
S
,
”
En
e
rg
y
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l.
1
8
,
n
o
.
2,
p
p
.
1
0
1
-
1
1
4
,
2
0
0
7
.
[3
]
Yu
h
e
n
d
ra
,
Jo
sh
a
p
a
t
T
.
S
.
,
“
A
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
o
f
m
u
lt
i
te
m
p
o
ra
l
im
a
g
e
f
u
si
o
n
f
o
r
re
m
o
te
se
n
sin
g
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
n
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
sc
ien
c
e
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
7
7
8
-
7
8
4
,
2
0
1
7
.
[4
]
Yu
h
e
n
d
ra
,
Jo
s
h
a
p
a
t
T
.
S
.
,
“
A
Qu
a
li
ty
o
f
im
a
g
e
s
f
u
sio
n
f
o
r
re
m
o
te
se
n
sin
g
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
”
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
Co
m
p
u
t
in
g
,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
C
o
n
tro
l
,
vol
.
14,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
7
8
-
3
8
6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[5
]
Qin
Q.,
Z
h
a
n
g
N.,
Na
n
P
.
,
Ch
a
i
L
.
,
“
G
e
o
th
e
rm
a
l
a
re
a
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
u
sin
g
L
a
n
d
sa
t
ET
M
+
th
e
rm
a
l
in
f
ra
re
d
d
a
ta
a
n
d
it
s
m
e
c
h
a
n
isti
c
a
n
a
ly
sis
-
A
c
a
se
stu
d
y
in
T
e
n
g
c
h
o
n
g
,
Ch
in
a
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ap
p
li
e
d
Ea
rt
h
O
b
se
rv
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Ge
o
-
in
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
,
p
p
.
5
5
2
-
5
5
9
,
2
0
1
1
.
[6
]
Zh
a
n
g
Z.
,
He
G
.
,
W
a
n
g
M
.
,
L
o
n
g
T
.
,
W
a
n
g
G
.
,
Zh
a
n
g
X
.
,
Jia
o
W
.
,
“
T
o
w
a
rd
s a
n
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
a
l
m
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
lan
d
su
rf
a
c
e
tem
p
e
r
a
tu
re
re
tri
e
v
a
l
f
ro
m
L
a
n
d
sa
t
8
d
a
ta
,
”
Rem
o
te S
e
n
si
n
g
L
e
tt
e
r
,
v
o
l.
7,
n
o
.
3,
p
p
.
2
7
9
-
2
8
8
,
2
0
1
6
.
[7
]
M
u
jab
a
r
S
.
,
Ra
o
V
.
,
“
Esti
m
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
lan
d
su
rf
a
c
e
te
m
p
e
ra
tu
re
o
f
Ju
b
a
i
l
In
d
u
str
ial
Cit
y
,
S
a
u
d
i
A
ra
b
ia,
b
y
u
sin
g
re
m
o
te se
n
sin
g
a
n
d
G
IS
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
,
”
Ara
b
J
Ge
o
sc
i
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
,
n
o
.
7
4
2
,
p
p
.
1
-
13,
2
0
1
8
.
[8
]
S
a
h
a
n
a
M
.
,
A
h
m
e
d
R.
&
S
a
jj
a
d
H.,
“
A
n
a
l
y
z
in
g
lan
d
su
rf
a
c
e
te
m
p
e
ra
tu
re
d
istri
b
u
t
io
n
in
re
sp
o
n
se
to
lan
d
u
se
/l
a
n
d
c
o
v
e
r
c
h
a
n
g
e
u
sin
g
sp
li
t
w
in
d
o
w
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
a
n
d
sp
e
c
tral
ra
d
ian
c
e
m
o
d
e
l
in
S
u
n
d
a
r
b
a
n
Bi
o
sp
h
e
re
R
e
se
rv
e
,
In
d
ia
,
”
M
o
d
e
l.
E
a
rth
S
y
st.
E
n
v
iro
n
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
8
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
1
,
2
0
1
6
.
[9
]
L
i
Z
.
L
.
,
T
a
n
g
B
.
H
.
,
W
u
H
.
,
Re
n
H
.
,
Ya
n
G
.
,
W
a
n
Z
.
,
T
rig
o
I
.
F
.
,
S
o
b
rin
o
J
.
A.
,
“
S
a
telli
te
-
d
e
riv
e
d
lan
d
su
rf
a
c
e
tem
p
e
r
a
tu
re
:cu
rre
n
t
sta
tu
s a
n
d
p
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
s
,
”
Rem
o
te S
e
n
sin
g
En
v
ir
o
n
me
n
t,
v
o
l.
1
3
1
,
p
p
.
14
-
3
7
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
0
]
Yu
X.,
G
u
o
X
.
,
W
u
Z
.
,
“
L
a
n
d
su
rf
a
c
e
te
m
p
e
ra
tu
re
re
tri
e
v
e
l
f
ro
m
L
a
n
d
sa
t
8
T
IRS
c
o
m
p
a
riso
n
b
e
tw
e
e
n
ra
d
iativ
e
tran
sf
e
r
e
q
u
a
ti
o
n
b
a
se
d
m
e
th
o
d
,
sp
li
t
w
in
d
o
w
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
a
n
d
si
n
g
le
c
h
a
n
e
l
m
e
th
o
d
,”
Rem
o
te
S
e
n
sin
g
,
v
o
l.
6,
p
p
.
9
8
2
9
-
9
8
5
2
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
1
]
L
ian
g
S
.
,
L
i
X
.
,
W
a
n
g
J
.,
“
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
re
m
o
te
se
n
sin
g
:
T
e
rre
strial
in
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
e
x
trac
ti
o
n
a
n
d
a
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
”
Aca
d
e
mic
Pre
ss
r
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
2
]
Zh
a
n
g
Z.
,
He
G
.
,
“
Ge
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
L
a
n
d
sa
t
su
rf
a
c
e
te
m
p
e
ra
tu
re
p
ro
d
u
c
t
f
o
r
Ch
i
n
a
,
2
0
0
0
–
2
0
1
0
,
”
In
t
.
J
.
Rem
o
te
S
e
n
s
.
,
v
o
l.
3
4
,
p
p
.
7
3
6
9
-
7
3
7
5
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
3
]
L
i
Z.
,
T
a
n
g
B.
,
W
u
H.,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
a
telli
te
-
d
e
riv
e
d
lan
d
su
rf
a
c
e
te
m
p
e
ra
tu
re
:
Cu
rre
n
t
sta
tu
s
a
n
d
p
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
s
,
”
Rem
o
te
S
e
n
sin
g
o
f
E
n
v
iro
n
me
n
t
,
v
o
l.
1
3
1
,
p
p
.
1
4
-
3
7
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
4
]
X
iao
lei
Yu
,
X
u
l
in
G
u
o
,
a
n
d
Z
h
a
o
c
o
n
g
W
u
,
“
L
a
n
d
s
u
rf
a
c
e
te
m
p
e
r
a
tu
re
re
tri
e
v
a
l
f
ro
m
lan
d
sa
t
8
T
IR
S
—
c
o
m
p
a
riso
n
b
e
tw
e
e
n
ra
d
iativ
e
tran
s
f
e
r
e
q
u
a
ti
o
n
-
b
a
se
d
m
e
th
o
d
,
sp
li
t
w
in
d
o
w
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
a
n
d
sin
g
le
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
m
e
th
o
d
,
”
Rem
o
te
S
e
n
s
in
g
,
v
o
l
.
6
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
9
8
2
9
-
9
8
5
2
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
5
]
Du
C.
,
Re
n
H.
,
Qi
n
Q.,
M
e
n
g
J
.
,
a
n
d
Zh
a
o
S
.
,
“
A
p
ra
c
ti
c
a
l
sp
li
t
-
w
in
d
o
w
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
e
sti
m
a
ti
n
g
lan
d
s
u
rf
a
c
e
tem
p
e
r
a
tu
re
f
ro
m
Lan
d
sa
t
8
d
a
ta
,
”
Rem
o
te S
e
n
sin
g
,
v
o
l.
7,
n
o
.
1,
p
p
.
6
4
7
-
6
6
5
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
6
]
Jin
M
.
,
L
i
J.,
W
a
n
g
C.
,
a
n
d
S
h
a
n
g
R.
,
“
A
P
ra
c
ti
c
a
l
S
p
li
t
w
in
d
o
w
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
re
tri
e
v
in
g
lan
d
su
rf
a
c
e
te
m
p
e
ra
tu
re
f
ro
m
lan
d
sa
t
-
8
Da
ta an
d
a
c
a
se
stu
d
y
o
f
a
n
u
rb
a
n
a
re
a
in
Ch
i
n
a
,
”
R
e
mo
te S
e
n
sin
g
,
v
o
l
.
7,
n
o
.
4,
p
p
.
6
4
7
-
65
,
2
0
1
5
.
[
1
7
]
W
a
n
g
F
.
,
Q
i
n
Z
.
,
S
o
n
g
C
.
,
T
u
L
.
,
K
a
r
n
i
e
l
i
A
.
,
Z
h
a
o
S
.
,
“
A
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
m
o
n
o
-
w
i
n
d
o
w
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
f
o
r
l
a
n
d
s
u
r
f
a
c
e
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
r
e
t
r
i
e
v
a
l
f
r
o
m
l
a
n
d
s
a
t
8
t
h
e
r
m
a
l
i
n
f
r
a
r
e
d
s
e
n
s
o
r
d
a
t
a
,
”
R
e
m
o
t
e
S
e
n
s
i
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
7,
n
o
.
4,
p
p
.
4
2
6
8
-
4
2
8
9
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
8
]
W
a
n
g
S
.
,
He
L
.
,
a
n
d
Hu
W
.
,
“
A
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
a
n
d
e
m
issi
v
it
y
se
p
a
ra
ti
o
n
a
lg
o
ri
th
m
f
o
r
lan
d
sa
t
-
8
th
e
rm
a
l
in
f
ra
re
d
se
n
so
r
d
a
ta
,
”
Rem
o
te S
e
n
si
n
g
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
8,
p
p
.
9
9
0
4
-
9
9
2
7
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
9
]
M
a
im
a
it
i
y
i
m
in
g
M
.
,
G
h
u
lm
A
.
,
T
iy
ip
T
.
,
P
la
F
.
,
Ca
rm
o
n
a
P
.
L
.
,
H
a
li
k
U
.
,
S
a
w
u
t
M
.
,
Ca
e
tan
o
M
.
,
“
Eff
e
c
t
o
f
g
re
e
n
sp
a
c
e
sp
a
ti
a
l
p
a
tt
e
rn
o
n
t
h
e
lan
d
s
u
rf
a
c
e
te
m
p
e
r
a
tu
re
:
Im
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
fo
r
su
sta
in
a
b
le
u
r
b
a
n
p
lan
n
in
g
a
n
d
c
li
m
a
te
c
h
a
n
g
e
a
d
a
p
tatio
n
,
”
IS
PR
S
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
h
o
to
g
ra
mm
e
try
a
n
d
Rem
o
te
S
e
n
si
n
g
,
v
o
l.
8
9
,
p
p
.
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