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a
n
Qu
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Po
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tem
Op
tim
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R
esear
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g
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U
n
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s
ity
No
.
19
Ng
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en
Hu
u
T
h
o
Stre
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t,
T
an
Ph
o
n
g
W
ar
d
,
Dis
tr
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7,
Ho
C
h
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Min
h
C
ity
,
Vietn
am
E
m
ail:
n
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y
e
n
d
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n
q
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o
ca
n
h
@
td
tu
.
ed
u
.
v
n
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
L
ig
h
tin
g
d
ev
ices
th
at
em
it
wh
i
te
lig
h
t
by
c
o
n
v
e
r
tin
g
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
m
ater
ials
(
p
c
-
L
E
Ds)
is
an
o
u
ts
tan
d
in
g
lig
h
tin
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
with
f
o
r
m
id
ab
le
p
er
f
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r
m
a
n
ce
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ter
m
s
of
life
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x
p
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tan
c
y
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m
an
u
f
ac
t
u
r
in
g
c
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s
t,
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icien
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,
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n
d
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r
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s
t
im
p
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ts
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an
d
s
p
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-
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t
h
u
s
,
r
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g
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o
win
g
atten
ti
o
n
in
t
h
e
lig
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tin
g
in
d
u
s
tr
y
[1
-
3
]
.
T
h
e
wh
ite
L
E
D
is
ex
p
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ted
to
r
ep
lace
c
o
n
v
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n
al
lig
h
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g
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
alth
o
u
g
h
as
th
e
lig
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g
d
em
an
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s
ev
o
lv
e,
t
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e
wh
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lig
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t
em
itti
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g
d
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o
d
e
(
W
L
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n
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h
an
ce
th
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v
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tag
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s
wh
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
Th
e
imp
a
cts o
f red
-
emittin
g
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:
Mn
4+
o
n
th
e
co
lo
r
…
(
My
Ha
n
h
N
g
u
y
en
Th
i
)
951
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
wea
k
n
ess
[4
-
6
]
.
T
h
e
ev
i
d
en
ce
is
th
at
with
th
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r
ec
o
g
n
itio
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at
W
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h
as
ac
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ir
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not
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r
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ar
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a
n
d
o
th
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a
u
to
m
atic
tech
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ies
[7
-
9
]
.
To
k
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p
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W
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m
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t
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f
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r
th
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im
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ts
,
esp
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c
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r
i
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g
in
d
ex
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R
I
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,
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asp
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th
at
W
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s
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ally
s
tr
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g
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le
with
[
1
0
-
1
2
]
.
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h
e
co
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en
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in
d
e
x
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R
I
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wh
ich
is
th
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y
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ad
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m
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m
m
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ly
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ar
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th
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f
r
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an
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h
e
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h
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s
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ce
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ad
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an
d
h
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ter
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g
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,
wh
ich
r
ef
lects
in
th
e
c
o
lo
r
q
u
ality
[
1
3
,
1
4
]
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
e
v
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al
m
eth
o
d
th
at
h
av
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b
ee
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p
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p
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n
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h
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s
p
h
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r
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g
e
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e
m
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s
t
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m
m
o
n
ly
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ch
ea
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co
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t
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d
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t
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m
ass
p
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n
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Ho
wev
e
r
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p
r
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b
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eth
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d
is
th
e
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io
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s
p
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so
th
a
t
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W
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cr
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ted
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t
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lly
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lo
it
th
e
lig
h
t
at
h
ig
h
er
wav
elen
g
t
h
r
esu
ltin
g
in
p
o
o
r
CRI
an
d
l
o
w
lig
h
t
q
u
ality
.
T
h
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
of
ad
d
in
g
o
n
e
m
o
r
e
c
h
ip
alo
n
g
s
id
e
th
e
b
lu
e
one
an
d
th
e
y
el
lo
w
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
was
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
th
is
is
s
u
es
th
at
t
h
er
e
ar
e
m
an
y
r
esu
lts
f
r
o
m
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
ep
o
r
ts
h
av
e
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
of
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
in
en
h
an
cin
g
L
E
Ds
em
is
s
io
n
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
lead
in
g
to
h
ig
h
c
o
lo
r
q
u
ality
co
l
o
r
an
d
CRI
[
1
5
-
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
LED
p
ar
am
eter
s
alo
n
g
w
ith
th
e
em
is
s
io
n
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
of
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
ar
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
an
d
ex
ten
s
iv
ely
s
tu
d
ied
u
s
in
g
em
p
ir
ical
an
d
m
ath
em
atica
l
m
o
d
els,
an
d
th
e
r
esu
lts
p
r
o
v
id
e
u
s
ef
u
l
k
n
o
wled
g
e
in
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
of
lig
h
t
c
o
lo
r
a
n
d
C
R
I
.
Ho
wev
er
,
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
m
eth
o
d
to
cr
ea
te
a
pc
-
L
E
Ds
with
tu
n
ab
le
c
o
lo
r
tem
p
er
atu
r
e,
g
o
o
d
lu
m
en
o
u
tp
u
t,
an
d
ch
r
o
m
atic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
is
y
et
to
be
f
o
u
n
d
.
So
lu
tio
n
s
wer
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
is
g
o
al
an
d
two
m
et
h
o
d
s
wer
e
ab
le
to
y
ield
n
o
tab
l
e
r
esu
lts
d
esp
ite
s
til
l
h
av
in
g
d
r
awb
ac
k
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
one
is
u
s
in
g
a
d
u
al
-
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
LED
to
o
b
tain
h
ig
h
C
R
I
,
h
o
w
ev
er
,
th
e
lig
h
tin
g
ef
f
icac
y
f
r
o
m
th
is
s
o
lu
tio
n
is
not
v
er
y
r
em
a
r
k
ab
le
d
u
e
to
Sto
k
es
Sh
if
ts
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
a
p
p
lies
an
d
u
al
-
ch
i
p
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
at
io
n
with
in
d
iv
id
u
al
r
ed
an
d
b
l
u
e
ch
i
p
s
with
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
m
ater
ial
th
at
ex
h
ib
its
ex
ce
llen
t
r
esu
lts
in
co
lo
r
q
u
ality
an
d
lig
h
t
o
u
tp
u
t
alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
c
o
lo
r
u
n
ch
a
n
g
ea
b
le
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
co
m
b
in
in
g
th
ese
two
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
an
d
u
s
in
g
a
LED
p
ac
k
ag
e
with
two
ch
ip
s
an
d
t
wo
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
is
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
id
ea
to
o
b
tain
all
th
r
ee
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
of
h
i
g
h
C
R
I
,
lu
m
in
o
u
s
ef
f
icac
y
an
d
tu
n
ab
l
e
co
lo
r
.
Usi
n
g
B
ee
r
’
s
law
[
1
9
-
22]
a
n
d
lin
ea
r
c
o
n
v
er
s
io
n
in
th
e
lig
h
tin
g
d
e
v
ice
s
im
u
latio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
we
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
a
c
o
lo
r
d
esig
n
m
o
d
el
t
h
at
can
s
lig
h
tly
a
d
ju
s
t
th
e
c
h
r
o
m
atic
in
d
icatio
n
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
lated
W
L
E
D
m
o
d
el
co
n
s
is
ts
of
th
e
y
ello
w
-
em
itti
n
g
YAG:Ce
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
an
d
h
ig
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ch
r
o
m
atic
LED
ch
ip
s
.
B
ein
g
a
m
ater
ial
th
at
is
f
air
ly
ea
s
y
to
cr
ea
te,
th
e
Mg
Sr
3
Si
2
O
8
:Eu
2+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
m
i
n
im
izes
th
e
co
s
t
on
th
e
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
not
to
m
en
tio
n
th
e
g
r
ea
t
an
d
co
n
s
is
ten
t
lig
h
tin
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
at
h
ig
h
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
wh
ich
r
e
n
d
e
r
ed
Mg
Sr
3
Si
2
O
8
:Eu
2+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
as
an
ex
ce
llen
t
m
ater
ial
f
o
r
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
of
h
ea
v
y
d
u
t
y
an
d
h
i
g
h
d
u
r
ab
ilit
y
lig
h
tin
g
d
ev
ices.
T
h
e
n
itrid
e
-
b
ased
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
we
h
av
e
ch
o
s
en
to
in
clu
d
e
in
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
ts
is
th
e
Mg
Sr
3
Si
2
O
8
:Eu
2+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
th
at
em
its
d
ee
p
r
e
d
lig
h
t
at
6
8
1
nm
wa
v
elen
g
th
.
T
h
e
wh
ite
L
E
Ds
u
s
ed
in
th
e
ex
p
er
im
e
n
ts
h
av
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
s
an
d
d
en
s
ities
an
d
two
ty
p
es
of
r
ed
L
E
Ds
to
en
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
as
well
as
d
iv
er
s
ity
of
th
e
r
esear
ch
r
e
s
u
lt.
T
h
e
s
u
itab
ilit
y
an
d
s
im
p
l
icity
in
ap
p
licatio
n
of
th
e
co
l
o
r
d
esig
n
m
o
d
el
a
r
e
p
r
o
v
e
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
2.
E
XP
E
R
I
M
E
N
T
2
.
1
.
P
re
pa
r
a
t
io
n
T
h
e
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
u
s
ed
in
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
ts
is
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:
Mn
4+
,
a
ty
p
e
of
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
th
at
h
as
a
d
ee
p
r
ed
lig
h
t
em
is
s
io
n
an
d
r
ea
c
h
1
.
8
8
eV
em
is
s
io
n
p
o
we
r
at
p
ea
k
.
T
h
e
r
ed
-
lig
h
t
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
ad
d
ed
f
r
o
m
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
will
s
tr
en
g
th
en
th
e
ch
r
o
m
atic
q
u
ality
an
d
allo
w
th
e
co
lo
r
of
wh
ite
lig
h
t
to
be
ad
ju
s
ted
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
of
m
ak
i
n
g
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
co
n
s
is
ts
of
3
m
ain
s
tep
s
:
m
ix
in
g
,
f
i
r
in
g
a
n
d
re
-
f
ir
in
g
.
First,
m
ix
th
e
in
g
r
ed
ie
n
ts
f
o
r
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
by
b
all
-
m
illi
n
g
.
Af
ter
th
at,
p
lace
th
e
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
in
c
ap
p
ed
q
u
ar
tz
tu
b
es
f
illed
an
d
b
u
r
n
ed
at
1
2
0
0
°C
f
o
r
2
h
o
u
r
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
ir
s
t
f
ir
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
a
s
o
lid
lu
m
p
th
at
to
be
b
all
-
m
illi
n
g
in
to
p
o
wd
er
b
ef
o
r
e
s
tar
tin
g
th
e
n
ex
t
f
ir
in
g
p
r
o
c
ess
.
In
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
f
ir
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
u
s
e
o
p
en
q
u
ar
tz
tu
b
es
f
illed
with
air
to
co
n
tai
n
th
e
p
o
wd
er
,
th
en
p
u
t
it
th
e
f
u
r
n
ac
e
at
1
2
0
0
°C
f
o
r
ab
o
u
t
16
h
o
u
r
s
(
o
v
e
r
n
ig
h
t
)
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ci
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
of
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
n
ee
d
to
be
f
o
llo
wed
s
tr
ictly
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
e
q
u
ality
of
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
o
u
tco
m
e,
th
e
f
in
al
p
r
o
d
u
ct
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
s
to
r
e
in
a
s
ea
led
co
n
tain
e
r
to
av
o
i
d
co
n
tam
in
atio
n
.
2
.
2
.
Sim
ula
t
i
o
n
T
h
e
L
ig
h
tT
o
o
ls
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
an
d
Mie
-
th
eo
r
y
ar
e
th
e
p
r
im
a
r
y
t
o
o
ls
to
cr
ea
te
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
of
d
u
al
-
lay
e
r
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
W
L
E
Ds
,
s
ee
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
a)
.
T
h
e
W
L
E
D
s
im
u
latio
n
is
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
of
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
ca
tter
in
g
p
r
o
p
er
ties
an
d
th
e
r
esu
lts
f
r
o
m
wh
ich
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
of
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
on
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
of
th
e
W
L
E
Ds
at
5600
K
C
C
T
.
T
h
e
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
an
d
y
ello
w
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
YAG:Ce
3+
a
r
e
co
m
b
in
ed
an
d
p
lace
d
in
th
e
in
-
cu
p
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
as
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
a
n
d
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
c
)
.
T
h
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
er
s
of
W
L
E
Ds
ar
e
f
o
r
m
e
d
by
m
er
g
in
g
th
e
r
e
d
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
1
:
9
50
-
95
6
952
y
ello
w
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
,
a
n
d
th
e
s
ilico
n
e
r
esin
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
d
)
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
e
p
ac
k
ag
in
g
o
r
d
er
of
W
L
E
D
wh
ich
s
h
o
w
9
b
lu
e
ch
ip
s
at
th
e
b
o
tto
m
co
v
er
ed
by
r
ef
lecto
r
cu
p
s
,
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
er
s
a
n
d
a
s
ilico
n
e
lay
er
.
T
h
e
r
ef
lecto
r
s
u
s
ed
in
th
e
s
im
u
lato
r
ar
e
2
.
0
7
x
8
x
9
.
8
5
mm
in
h
eig
h
t
,
b
ase
an
d
s
u
m
m
it
ar
e
.
E
ac
h
ch
ip
co
n
tain
ed
in
th
e
r
ef
lecto
r
em
its
an
1
.
1
6
W
at
th
e
h
ig
h
est
lig
h
tin
g
in
te
n
s
ity
of
4
5
3
nm,
an
d
th
e
r
ef
r
ac
tiv
e
in
d
ex
of
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
is
1
.
8
5
an
d
y
ello
w
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
YAG:Ce
3+
1
.
8
3
.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
of
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
an
d
YAG:Ce
3+
ar
e
co
n
s
tan
tly
b
alan
ce
ag
ain
s
t
each
o
th
er
to
s
tab
ilize
th
e
AC
C
T
s
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
(
a
)
3
D
m
o
d
ellin
g
,
(
b
)
B
o
n
d
in
g
d
iag
r
am
,
(
c)
W
L
E
Ds p
ac
k
ag
in
g
o
r
d
er
,
an
d
(
d
)
L
ig
h
tTo
o
ls
s
im
u
lated
W
L
E
Ds m
o
d
el
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
b
alan
ci
n
g
b
etwe
en
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
an
d
YAG:Ce
3+
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
to
m
a
in
tain
th
e
av
er
ag
e
CCT
3.
CO
M
P
UT
AT
I
O
N
AND
DI
S
CUSS
I
O
N
Fig
u
r
e
2
illu
s
tr
ate
th
e
b
ala
n
cin
g
of
r
e
d
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
an
d
y
ello
w
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
YAG:Ce
3+
to
m
ain
tain
th
e
AC
C
T
.
T
h
e
g
r
ap
h
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
of
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
an
d
YAG:Ce
3+
ar
e
d
is
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
a
l,
wh
ich
m
ea
n
s
as
th
e
c
o
n
c
en
tr
atio
n
of
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
in
cr
ea
s
es
f
r
o
m
2
-
26%
wt.
,
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
of
YAG:Ce
3+
m
u
s
t
be
d
ec
r
e
ased
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
ly
.
T
h
e
ad
ju
s
t
m
en
t
of
YAG:Ce
3+
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
in
th
e
o
p
p
o
s
ite
d
ir
ec
tio
n
of
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
can
k
ee
p
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
C
C
T
s
an
d
can
also
m
o
d
if
y
th
e
em
is
s
io
n
an
d
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
p
r
o
p
er
ties
of
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
er
s
t
h
at
af
f
e
ct
th
e
W
L
E
Ds
co
lo
r
q
u
ality
a
n
d
lig
h
t
o
u
tp
u
t.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
of
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
on
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
of
W
L
E
Ds
at
5600
K
c
o
lo
r
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
.
T
h
e
im
p
ac
t
of
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
on
th
e
em
is
s
io
n
s
p
ec
tr
a
of
W
L
E
Ds
ar
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
3.
In
5
6
0
0
K
W
L
E
D,
th
e
wh
ite
lig
h
t
is
y
ield
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
p
ec
ial
r
eg
io
n
s
s
h
o
wn
in
t
h
is
g
r
ap
h
.
T
h
e
r
ed
lin
e,
wh
ich
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
at
2
0
%,
in
d
icate
s
a
lig
h
t
em
is
s
io
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
wav
ele
n
g
th
b
an
d
f
r
o
m
6
4
8
–
738
nm,
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
to
th
e
i
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ch
an
g
es
wh
e
n
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
is
at
2
%.
T
h
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
th
at
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
b
r
in
g
to
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
in
W
L
E
Ds
is
o
u
t
s
t
a
n
d
i
n
g
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
i
n
g
how
th
e
l
i
g
h
t
i
n
g
i
n
t
e
n
s
it
y
at
420
-
480
nm
w
a
v
e
l
e
n
g
t
h
a
n
d
500
-
640
nm
w
a
v
e
l
e
n
g
t
h
b
o
t
h
r
i
s
e
wi
t
h
t
h
e
p
r
es
e
n
c
e
of
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:M
n
4+
d
is
r
e
g
a
r
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
.
T
h
e
s
p
e
c
t
r
al
i
n
c
r
e
as
es
at
420
-
480
nm
a
n
d
500
-
640
nm
a
l
s
o
k
n
o
wn
to
e
x
cite
th
e
s
ca
tter
in
g
p
r
o
p
er
ties
of
b
lu
e
lig
h
t.
An
o
th
er
elem
e
n
t
th
at
also
af
f
ec
t
th
e
em
is
s
io
n
s
p
ec
tr
a
of
W
L
E
D
is
th
e
co
lo
r
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e,
wh
ich
b
o
o
s
t
th
e
em
is
s
io
n
s
p
ec
tr
a
as
it
g
ets
h
ig
h
e
r
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
is
p
r
o
v
en
to
not
o
n
ly
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
en
h
an
ci
n
g
em
is
s
io
n
s
p
ec
tr
a
of
W
L
E
Ds
with
lo
w
co
lo
r
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
s
u
ch
as
5600
K
but
also
W
L
E
D
with
h
ig
h
co
lo
r
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
up
to
7
7
0
0
K.
T
h
is
is
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
p
o
i
n
t
in
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
an
d
m
a
n
ag
in
g
th
e
lig
h
t
q
u
ality
of
W
L
E
Ds.
Ho
wev
er
,
h
ig
h
co
lo
r
q
u
ality
W
L
E
Ds
m
ay
ex
p
er
ien
ce
a
s
m
all
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
lu
m
in
o
u
s
f
lu
x
.
W
ith
th
at
b
ein
g
s
aid
,
th
e
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
er
s
h
av
e
to
ch
o
o
s
e
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
lev
el
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
of
W
L
E
Ds
th
at
s
ati
s
f
y
th
eir
d
em
an
d
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
Th
e
imp
a
cts o
f red
-
emittin
g
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:
Mn
4+
o
n
th
e
co
lo
r
…
(
My
Ha
n
h
N
g
u
y
en
Th
i
)
953
Fig
u
r
e
3.
T
h
e
em
is
s
io
n
s
p
ec
tr
a
ch
an
g
es
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
in
5600
K
W
L
E
Ds
Fig
u
r
e
4
illu
s
tr
ates
how
co
lo
r
r
en
d
e
r
in
g
in
d
ex
(
C
R
I
)
ch
a
n
g
es
wh
en
th
er
e
is
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
in
W
L
E
D
p
ac
k
ag
e
.
As
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
u
g
g
ests
,
th
e
CRI
r
is
e
with
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
at
all
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
lev
els
f
r
o
m
2
-
2
0
%,
wh
ich
is
th
e
r
esu
lt
of
th
e
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
p
r
o
p
er
ties
.
Af
te
r
ab
s
o
r
b
in
g
th
e
lig
h
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
b
lu
e
ch
ip
,
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
p
ar
ti
cles
f
r
o
m
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
th
e
b
l
u
e
lig
h
t
in
to
r
ed
lig
h
t.
Alth
o
u
g
h
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
also
ab
s
o
r
b
y
ello
w
lig
h
t
alo
n
g
with
th
e
b
lu
e
lig
h
t
f
r
o
m
LED
ch
ip
,
h
o
we
v
er
,
r
e
d
lig
h
t
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
is
s
till
d
o
m
in
an
t
as
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
ab
s
o
r
b
more
b
lu
e
lig
h
t
due
to
t
h
e
n
atu
r
e
of
th
e
m
ater
ial.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
t
h
e
co
l
o
r
r
en
d
er
i
n
g
i
n
d
ex
(
C
R
I
)
is
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
wh
e
n
th
e
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
is
av
ailab
le
b
ec
au
s
e
of
t
h
e
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
r
e
d
-
lig
h
t
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t.
Hig
h
CRI
in
W
L
E
D
m
ea
n
s
t
h
e
ch
r
o
m
atic
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
is
g
o
o
d
an
d
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
m
ar
k
et
v
alu
e
of
th
e
W
L
E
D,
h
o
we
v
er
,
it
also
m
ea
n
s
th
e
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
in
g
c
o
s
t
will
be
h
i
g
h
er
.
T
h
is
is
wh
en
th
e
c
o
s
t
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
of
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
b
ec
o
m
e
u
s
ef
u
l
b
ec
au
s
e
it
lo
wer
s
th
e
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
in
g
co
s
t
of
W
L
E
Ds
an
d
m
ak
e
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
m
ass
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
.
CRI
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
q
u
a
lity
in
d
icato
r
,
y
et
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
s
co
p
e
of
CRI
is
f
air
ly
lim
ited
,
so
to
s
ay
th
e
q
u
ality
of
a
W
L
E
D
is
good.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
s
o
lely
r
ely
on
th
e
CRI
to
ev
alu
ate
m
ay
not
be
s
u
f
f
icien
t.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
co
lo
r
q
u
ality
s
ca
le
(
C
QS
)
a
q
u
ality
in
d
icato
r
th
at
i
n
clu
d
es
th
e
co
lo
r
r
en
d
er
in
g
in
d
e
x
,
th
e
p
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
of
th
e
v
iewe
r
,
an
d
th
e
co
lo
r
c
o
o
r
d
in
ates,
is
b
etter
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
e
r
ass
es
s
m
en
t
of
W
L
E
Ds
q
u
ality
an
d
m
o
r
e
r
eliab
le.
Fig
u
r
e
5
p
r
esen
te
d
th
e
ca
lcu
lat
ed
C
QS
in
d
u
al
-
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
W
L
E
D
with
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
.
T
h
e
C
QS
r
is
es
by
a
h
u
g
e
m
ar
g
in
wh
en
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
in
c
r
ea
s
es.
T
h
e
en
h
an
ce
d
C
QS
is
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
an
d
c
o
n
f
ir
m
s
th
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
of
r
e
d
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
in
co
lo
r
q
u
ality
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
of
d
u
al
-
lay
e
r
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e.
T
h
is
is
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
in
d
i
n
g
r
eg
ar
d
i
n
g
h
o
w
im
p
ac
tf
u
l
it
is
to
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
of
co
lo
r
q
u
ality
,
h
o
wev
er
,
ap
p
ly
in
g
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
can
d
am
ag
e
th
e
lu
m
in
o
u
s
f
lu
x
wh
ic
h
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
6.
T
h
e
m
at
h
em
atica
l
m
o
d
el
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
in
t
h
e
n
ex
t
p
a
r
t
is
th
e
to
o
ls
to
s
tu
d
y
th
e
ca
u
s
e
b
e
h
in
d
th
is
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
n
.
T
h
e
ca
lcu
la
tio
n
of
b
lu
e
r
ad
iatio
n
an
d
y
ell
o
w
lig
h
t
co
n
v
e
r
s
io
n
in
th
e
d
o
u
b
le
-
lay
er
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
.
T
h
ese
ar
e
th
e
two
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
f
ea
t
u
r
es
th
at
can
d
ir
ec
tly
af
f
ec
t
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
of
L
E
Ds.
T
h
e
u
n
ev
en
lig
h
tin
g
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
of
s
in
g
le
LED
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
is
u
s
u
ally
c
o
m
p
u
ted
by
Gau
s
s
ian
f
u
n
ctio
n
[
2
3
-
2
6
]
:
=
1
√
2
[
−
0
.
5
∗
(
−
)
2
2
]
(
1
)
In
wh
ich
,
σ
is
d
ep
en
d
en
t
on
h
i
g
h
est
wav
elen
g
th
λ
peak
,
wh
ile
FW
HM
Δλ
is
y
ield
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
(
2
)
.
=
2
2
ℎ
√
2
2
=
2
(
ℎ
1
−
ℎ
2
)
2
ℎ
√
2
2
=
2
(
ℎ
1
2
)
2
ℎ
√
2
2
(
2
)
T
h
e
lig
h
tin
g
en
e
r
g
y
o
f
lig
h
ti
n
g
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
u
tili
zin
g
y
el
lo
w
YAG
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
an
d
b
lu
e
L
E
D
ch
ip
ca
n
h
y
p
o
t
h
etica
lly
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
th
e
co
m
m
o
n
em
is
s
io
n
wav
elen
g
th
r
an
g
e
b
etwe
en
th
e
two
ch
r
o
m
atic
lig
h
t
s
p
ec
tr
a.
Pra
ctica
lly
s
p
ea
k
in
g
,
y
ello
w
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
em
its
en
e
r
g
y
in
y
ello
w
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
a
n
d
p
ar
t
o
f
g
r
ee
n
lig
h
t.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
ca
lcu
latin
g
th
e
em
itted
en
er
g
y
o
f
g
r
ee
n
em
is
s
io
n
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
an
d
co
m
p
a
r
es
it
to
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
a
l
SP
D
w
ith
b
lu
e
an
d
y
ello
w
s
p
ec
tr
a
ca
n
p
o
in
t
o
u
t
th
e
ch
a
n
g
es
th
at
d
u
al
-
lay
er
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
b
r
in
g
to
lig
h
t
qua
lity
.
I
n
th
is
m
an
n
er
,
th
e
g
r
ee
n
wav
elen
g
th
r
an
g
e
is
ad
d
ed
to
th
e
d
u
al
-
lay
er
m
o
d
el
an
d
f
o
r
m
tr
ip
le
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
m
o
d
el
(
B
-
G
-
Y)
,
wh
ic
h
r
esu
lts
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
in
(
3
)
an
d
co
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
r
e
p
lace
d
b
y
(
4
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
1
:
9
50
-
95
6
954
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
co
lo
r
r
en
d
er
in
g
in
d
e
x
an
d
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
in
5
6
0
0
K
W
L
E
Ds
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ce
b
etwe
en
co
lo
r
q
u
ality
s
ca
le
an
d
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
in
5
6
0
0
K
W
L
E
Ds
In
wh
ich
,
Pλ
is
s
p
ec
tr
al
p
o
wer
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
(
SP
D)
(
m
W
/n
m
)
.
h
is
Plan
ck
’
s
co
n
s
tan
t
(
J
.
s
)
.
Sp
ee
d
of
lig
h
t
is
p
r
esen
ted
by
c
(
m
·
s
−1
)
.
λ
is
th
e
wav
elen
g
t
h
in
n
m
.
Op
tical
p
o
wer
of
th
e
lig
h
t
s
o
u
r
ce
is
Po
p
t
(
W
)
.
λ
p
ea
k
is
p
ea
k
wav
elen
g
t
h
wh
er
e
lig
h
t
r
ea
c
h
th
e
h
ig
h
est
in
ten
s
ity
(
n
m
)
.
Δλ
Fu
ll
-
wid
th
at
h
alf
-
m
a
x
im
u
m
(
FW
HM
)
(
n
m
)
.
T
h
e
r
atio
s
of
b
lu
e
-
g
r
ee
n
-
y
ello
w
(B
-
G
-
Y)
s
p
ec
tr
a
to
wh
ite
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
,
wh
ic
h
ar
e
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
less
,
ar
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
as
,
an
d
.
_
,
_
,
_
an
d
_
is
th
e
o
p
tical
p
o
wer
(
W
)
of
each
in
d
iv
id
u
al
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
of
b
lu
e,
g
r
ee
n
,
y
ello
w
an
d
wh
ite.
_
,
_
an
d
_
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
p
ea
k
wav
elen
g
th
s
(
n
m
)
of
t
h
e
b
lu
e
,
g
r
ee
n
,
y
ello
w
s
p
ec
tr
a
wh
ile
λ
1
,
λ2
W
av
elen
g
th
s
at
h
alf
of
th
e
p
ea
k
in
ten
s
ity
.
=
_
1
√
2
[
−
0
.
5
∗
(
−
_
)
2
2
]
+
_
1
√
2
[
−
0
.
5
∗
(
−
_
)
2
2
]
+
_
1
√
2
[
−
0
.
5
∗
(
−
_
)
2
2
]
(
3
)
=
_
1
√
2
[
−
0
.
5
∗
(
−
_
)
2
2
]
+
_
1
√
2
[
−
0
.
5
∗
(
−
_
)
2
2
]
+
_
1
√
2
[
−
0
.
5
∗
(
−
_
)
2
2
]
(
4
)
,
an
d
in
tu
r
n
ar
e
th
e
FW
HM
-
r
elate
d
co
ef
f
icien
ts
(
n
m
)
f
o
r
th
e
b
lu
e,
g
r
ee
n
,
an
d
y
ello
w
s
p
ec
tr
a.
T
h
is
m
ath
em
atica
l
m
o
d
els
f
o
r
SPC
in
W
L
E
Ds
wit
h
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
er
can
be
p
er
c
eiv
ed
as
a
tr
ic
o
lo
r
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
an
d
an
ex
te
n
d
ed
G
au
s
s
ian
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
s
ca
tter
in
g
of
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
p
ar
ticle
was
an
aly
ze
d
by
u
s
in
g
th
e
Mie
-
th
eo
r
y
.
In
a
d
d
itio
n
,
th
e
s
ca
tter
in
g
cr
o
s
s
s
ec
tio
n
C
s
ca
f
o
r
s
p
h
er
ical
p
ar
ticles
can
be
co
m
p
u
ted
by
th
e
f
o
ll
o
win
g
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
ap
p
l
y
in
g
th
e
Mie
th
eo
r
y
.
T
h
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
of
to
tal
em
itted
lig
h
t
can
b
ase
on
L
am
b
er
t
-
B
ee
r
law
:
=
0
(
−
µ
)
(
5
)
T
h
e
in
cid
en
t
lig
h
t
p
o
wer
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
I
0
in
th
is
f
o
r
m
u
la.
L
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
th
ick
n
ess
of
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
er
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
in
mm.
T
h
e
ex
ti
n
ctio
n
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
is
µ
ext
a
n
d
can
be
d
eter
m
in
e
d
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
eq
u
atio
n
of
µ
ext
=
N
r
.C
ext
,
with
N
r
b
ein
g
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
d
e
n
s
ity
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
of
p
ar
ticles
(mm
-
3
)
an
d
e
x
tin
ctio
n
c
r
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
of
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
m
o
lecu
le
is
C
ext
(
m
m
2
).
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
of
lu
m
in
o
u
s
f
lu
x
a
n
aly
s
is
in
d
u
al
-
lay
er
r
em
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
c
o
m
p
u
te
d
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
(
5
)
s
h
o
ws
s
u
p
er
io
r
ity
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
to
th
e
lu
m
in
o
u
s
f
lu
x
of
s
in
g
le
-
lay
er
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
It
ca
n
be
co
n
clu
d
e
d
th
at
th
e
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
d
u
al
-
lay
er
r
em
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
h
as
on
th
e
lig
h
tin
g
p
r
o
p
er
ties
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
co
m
es
f
r
o
m
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
of
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
,
th
er
ef
o
r
e,
m
an
a
g
in
g
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
of
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
is
an
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
Th
e
imp
a
cts o
f red
-
emittin
g
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:
Mn
4+
o
n
th
e
co
lo
r
…
(
My
Ha
n
h
N
g
u
y
en
Th
i
)
955
ess
en
tial
ta
s
k
.
E
v
en
th
o
u
g
h
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
of
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
an
d
th
e
ex
tin
ctio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
µ
ext
in
cr
ea
s
e
to
g
eth
er
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
L
am
b
e
r
t
-
B
ee
r
law,
wh
i
ch
im
p
r
o
v
es
th
e
lig
h
t
a
b
s
o
r
p
t
io
n
,
th
e
in
c
r
ea
s
e
in
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
is
u
n
f
a
v
o
r
a
b
le
f
o
r
th
e
lig
h
t
en
er
g
y
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
In
p
ar
tic
u
lar
,
th
e
lu
m
in
o
u
s
f
lu
x
d
ec
lin
es
if
th
e
alter
atio
n
of
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
er
th
ick
n
ess
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
of
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
.
T
h
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
lu
m
in
o
u
s
f
lu
x
at
all
C
C
T
s
r
is
e
s
wh
en
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
in
cr
ea
s
e,
an
d
esp
ec
ially
n
o
ticea
b
le
at
1
6
%
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4
+
.
C
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
an
d
th
e
g
r
ap
h
ex
h
ib
ited
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
is
th
e
p
r
ac
tical
ex
am
p
le
of
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tat
em
en
t.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
l
u
m
in
o
u
s
f
lu
x
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
wh
e
n
th
e
r
e
is
a
p
r
esen
ce
of
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
,
u
s
in
g
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
in
d
u
al
-
lay
er
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
is
s
till
a
s
u
itab
le
ch
o
ice
with
th
e
b
etter
o
v
er
all
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
co
n
s
id
er
i
n
g
th
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
ts
it
b
r
in
g
s
in
th
e
s
am
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
r
an
g
e
to
CRI
f
r
o
m
68
r
is
es
to
78,
C
QS
f
r
o
m
65
r
is
es
to
7
1
,
an
d
th
e
h
i
g
h
er
lu
m
i
n
o
u
s
f
l
u
x
co
m
p
a
r
es
to
th
e
s
in
g
le
-
lay
er
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
s
lig
h
t
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
in
lu
m
in
o
u
s
is
s
till
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
as
lo
n
g
as
t
h
e
o
v
er
all
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
b
etter
.
By
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
g
ain
in
C
R
I
,
C
QS
an
d
lo
s
s
in
lu
m
in
o
u
s
f
lu
x
wit
h
th
e
r
esu
lts
in
th
is
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
t,
th
e
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
er
s
can
now
ch
o
o
s
e
an
o
p
tim
al
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
of
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
of
W
L
E
Ds
in
each
u
n
iq
u
e
ca
s
e
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
p
r
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
p
r
o
p
er
tie
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
6.
T
h
e
lu
m
in
o
u
s
o
u
t
p
u
t
(
L
O)
r
esp
o
n
s
es
to
th
e
p
r
esen
c
e
of
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
in
5600
K
W
L
E
Ds
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
ex
p
e
r
im
e
n
ts
th
at
in
v
o
lv
es
co
n
s
tan
t
ad
ju
s
tm
en
ts
of
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
em
is
s
io
n
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
,
th
is
r
esear
ch
h
as
v
er
if
ied
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
of
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
an
d
th
er
ef
o
r
e,
s
u
g
g
ests
it
to
be
u
s
ed
d
u
al
-
lay
e
r
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
f
o
r
li
g
h
tin
g
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
ts
.
Sp
ec
if
ic
ally
,
W
L
E
Ds
with
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
in
th
eir
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
e
r
will
h
av
e
h
ig
h
CRI
an
d
C
QS
as
well
as
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
ad
ju
s
t
th
e
co
lo
r
of
wh
ite
lig
h
t.
T
h
e
o
n
ly
p
r
o
b
lem
is
th
e
d
eter
io
r
atin
g
lu
m
in
o
u
s
o
u
tp
u
t
in
W
L
E
D
p
ac
k
ag
e
wh
en
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
e,
th
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
er
s
m
u
s
t
co
n
s
id
er
a
s
u
itab
le
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
f
o
r
th
is
tr
ad
e
o
f
f
b
etwe
en
C
R
I
,
C
QS
an
d
lu
m
in
o
u
s
f
lu
x
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
of
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
m
ay
r
esu
lts
in
a
d
ec
lin
e
in
lu
m
in
o
u
s
f
l
u
x
,
th
e
lig
h
t
o
u
tp
u
t
v
alu
e
in
d
u
al
-
lay
er
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
p
ac
k
ag
e
is
s
till
ac
ce
p
tab
le
b
ec
au
s
e
it
is
f
ar
more
s
u
p
er
io
r
to
th
at
of
th
e
s
in
g
le
-
lay
er
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
p
ac
k
a
g
e.
To
s
er
v
e
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
of
f
ab
r
icatin
g
W
L
E
Ds
with
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
h
ad
es
of
wh
ite
lig
h
ts
,
a
q
u
ality
en
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
was
cr
ea
ted
f
r
o
m
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
ap
p
licatio
n
of
B
ee
r
’
s
law
an
d
lin
ea
r
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
f
r
o
m
W
L
E
D
at
5
6
0
0
K
C
C
T
,
th
e
lar
g
est
p
o
s
s
ib
le
d
is
cr
ep
an
cy
b
etwe
en
m
o
d
els
is
ar
o
u
n
d
0
.
0
0
6
3
,
wh
ich
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
an
d
s
im
u
lated
C
I
E
1931
ar
e
n
o
t
to
o
d
is
s
im
ilar
to
ca
u
s
e
d
iv
e
r
s
io
n
to
th
e
r
esu
lts
,
th
u
s
,
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
of
th
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
co
n
d
u
cted
in
th
is
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
t.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
ws
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
esu
lts
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
of
th
e
n
ew
lig
h
tin
g
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
in
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
lig
h
tin
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
is
f
u
n
d
ed
by
Fo
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
Scien
ce
a
n
d
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Dev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
of
T
o
n
Du
c
T
h
an
g
Un
iv
er
s
ity
(
FOSTE
C
T
)
,
web
s
ite:
h
ttp
://fo
s
tect.
td
tu
.
ed
u
.
v
n
,
u
n
d
er
Gr
a
n
t
FOSTE
C
T
.
2
0
1
7
.
B
R
.
0
6
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Z.
Zh
u
a
n
g
et
a
l
.
,
"
O
p
ti
m
a
l
ITO
tran
sp
a
re
n
t
c
o
n
d
u
c
ti
v
e
lay
e
rs
f
o
r
In
G
a
N
-
b
a
se
d
a
m
b
e
r/red
li
g
h
t
-
e
m
it
ti
n
g
d
i
o
d
e
s,"
Op
t.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
2
8
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
1
2
3
1
1
-
1
2
3
2
1
,
2
0
2
0
.
[2
]
N.
Q.
Li
et
a
l.
,
"
Hig
h
-
e
fficie
n
c
y
so
lu
ti
o
n
-
p
ro
c
e
ss
e
d
WOL
EDs
with
v
e
ry
h
ig
h
c
o
lo
r
re
n
d
e
rin
g
in
d
e
x
b
a
se
d
on
a
m
a
c
ro
sp
iro
c
y
c
li
c
o
l
ig
o
m
e
r
m
a
tri
x
h
o
st,
"
Op
ti
c
a
l
M
a
ter
ia
ls E
x
p
re
ss
,
v
o
l
.
8,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
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2
0
8
-
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2
1
9
,
2
0
1
8
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
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1
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T
E
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KOM
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KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
1
:
9
50
-
95
6
956
[3
]
J.
Jia
et
a
l.
,
"
Th
re
e
-
wa
v
e
len
g
t
h
p
a
ss
iv
e
d
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
f
o
r
th
e
in
terr
o
g
a
ti
o
n
of
EF
P
I
se
n
so
r
s
with
a
rb
it
ra
ry
c
a
v
it
y
len
g
t
h
,
"
O
p
t.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
27,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
8
8
9
0
-
8
8
9
9
,
2
0
1
9
.
[4
]
N.
D.
Q.
An
h
,
et
a
l.
,
"
S
e
lec
ti
o
n
of
a
Re
m
o
te
P
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
Co
n
fig
u
ra
ti
o
n
to
En
h
a
n
c
e
th
e
C
o
lo
r
Q
u
a
li
ty
of
Wh
it
e
LE
Ds
,
"
Cu
rr
.
O
p
t.
Ph
o
to
n
,
v
o
l
.
3,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
78
-
85,
2
0
1
9
.
[5
]
X.
S
u
n
et
a
l
.
,
"
Ru
n
-
ti
m
e
re
c
o
n
fi
g
u
ra
b
le
a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
LDP
C
c
o
d
i
n
g
fo
r
o
p
ti
c
a
l
c
h
a
n
n
e
ls,
"
Op
t.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
26,
n
o
.
2
,
pp.
2
9
3
1
9
-
2
9
3
2
9
,
2
0
1
8
.
[6
]
H.
Kim
et
a
l.
,
"
Tran
s
p
a
re
n
t
e
ffe
c
t
on
th
e
g
ra
y
sc
a
le
p
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
of
a
tran
s
p
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re
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t
OLED
d
is
p
lay
,
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t.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
2
6
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
4
0
7
5
-
4
0
8
4
,
2
0
1
8
.
[7
]
C.
Hu
a
n
g
et
a
l.
,
"
Ba
n
d
wi
d
t
h
c
o
r
re
c
ti
o
n
of
sp
e
c
tral
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
b
a
se
d
on
Lev
e
n
b
e
rg
-
M
a
r
q
u
a
rd
t
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
with
imp
ro
v
e
d
Ti
k
h
o
n
o
v
re
g
u
lariz
a
ti
o
n
,
"
Ap
p
l.
O
p
t,
v
o
l
.
5
8
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
2
1
6
6
-
2
1
7
3
,
2
0
1
9
.
[8
]
S.
M
a
tsu
m
o
to
et
a
l.
,
"
C
h
e
m
ica
l
v
a
p
o
r
d
e
p
o
si
ti
o
n
r
o
u
te
to
tran
sp
a
re
n
t
t
h
ick
fil
m
s
of
Eu
3+
-
d
o
p
e
d
HfO
2
a
n
d
Lu
2
O
3
fo
r
lu
m
in
e
sc
e
n
t
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
rs,"
O
p
t.
M
a
ter
.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
8
9
9
-
9
0
6
,
2
0
2
0
.
[9
]
Y.
Hu
et
a
l.
,
"
G
re
a
tl
y
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
p
e
rsiste
n
t
lu
m
in
e
sc
e
n
c
e
of
YPO
4
:S
m
3+
p
h
o
sp
h
o
rs
v
ia
Tb
3+
i
n
c
o
rp
o
ra
ti
o
n
f
o
r
in
v
i
v
o
ima
g
in
g
,
"
Op
t.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
2
8
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
6
4
9
-
2
6
6
0
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
0
]
L.
Qin
et
a
l.
,
"
Lu
m
i
n
a
n
c
e
c
a
lcu
latio
n
m
e
th
o
d
a
c
c
o
u
n
ti
n
g
fo
r
m
e
so
p
ic
v
isio
n
a
n
d
f
o
g
p
e
n
e
tratio
n
a
b
i
li
ty
,
"
Ap
p
l.
Op
t
,
v
o
l.
5
9
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
6
8
3
-
6
8
6
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
1
]
A.
F
e
rre
ro
et
a
l.
,
"
I
n
d
e
x
fo
r
t
h
e
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
of
t
h
e
g
e
n
e
ra
l
p
h
o
t
o
m
e
tri
c
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
of
p
h
o
t
o
m
e
ters
,
"
Op
t
.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
2
6
,
n
o
.
1
4
,
pp.
1
8
6
3
3
-
1
8
6
4
3
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
2
]
A.
K.
Du
b
e
y
et
a
l.
,
"
Las
e
r
-
li
n
e
-
d
riv
e
n
p
h
o
sp
h
o
r
-
c
o
n
v
e
rted
e
x
ten
d
e
d
wh
it
e
li
g
h
t
so
u
rc
e
with
u
n
if
o
r
m
il
lu
m
in
a
ti
o
n
,
"
Ap
p
l
.
Op
t
,
v
o
l.
5
8
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
2
4
0
2
-
2
4
0
7
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
3
]
N.
T.
Ca
n
h
et
a
l.
,
"
El
e
c
tro
h
y
d
ro
d
y
n
a
m
ic
jet
-
sp
ra
y
e
d
q
u
a
n
t
u
m
d
o
ts
fo
r
so
lu
ti
o
n
-
p
ro
c
e
ss
e
d
li
g
h
t
-
e
m
it
ti
n
g
-
d
io
d
e
s,
"
Op
t.
M
a
ter
.
Ex
p
re
ss
,
v
o
l
.
8,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
3
7
3
8
-
3
7
4
7
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
4
]
B.
Li
et
a
l
.
,
"
Hig
h
-
e
fficie
n
c
y
c
u
b
ic
-
p
h
a
se
d
b
l
u
e
-
e
m
it
ti
n
g
Ba
3
L
u
2
B6
O1
5
:Ce3
+
p
h
o
sp
h
o
rs
f
o
r
u
lt
ra
v
io
let
-
e
x
c
it
e
d
wh
it
e
-
li
g
h
t
-
e
m
it
ti
n
g
d
io
d
e
s,"
O
p
t.
L
e
tt
,
v
o
l.
4
3
,
n
o
.
2
0
,
pp.
5
1
3
8
-
5
1
4
1
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
5
]
J.
Wan
g
et
a
l.
,
"
Ra
p
id
3D
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
fo
r
c
o
l
o
rfu
l
o
b
jec
ts
e
m
p
lo
y
in
g
RG
B
c
o
lo
r
li
g
h
t
p
ro
jec
ti
o
n
,
"
Ap
p
l
.
Op
t
,
v
o
l.
5
9
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
1
9
0
7
-
1
9
1
5
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
6
]
Y.
Li
et
a
l.
,
"
Be
a
d
-
on
-
stri
n
g
fib
e
rs
e
lec
tro
sp
u
n
fr
o
m
terb
i
u
m
a
c
e
ty
lac
e
to
n
a
te
h
y
d
ra
te
d
o
p
e
d
p
o
ly
m
e
th
y
l
m
e
th
a
c
ry
late
,
"
Op
t.
M
a
ter
.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l
.
8,
n
o
.
2
,
pp.
2
7
6
-
2
8
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
7
]
P.
Zh
u
et
a
l.
,
"
De
sig
n
ru
les
f
o
r
wh
it
e
li
g
h
t
e
m
it
ters
wit
h
h
i
g
h
li
g
h
t
e
x
trac
ti
o
n
e
fficie
n
c
y
,
"
Op
t
.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
2
7
,
n
o
.
1
6
,
p
p
.
A
1
2
9
7
-
A
1
3
0
7
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
8
]
Z.
Liu
et
a
l.
,
"
Eff
e
c
t
of
th
e
re
p
lac
e
m
e
n
t
of
Zn
2+
with
Mg
2+
in
Ca
14
Zn
6
Ga
10
O
35
:M
n
4+
,"
Op
t.
M
a
ter
.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
8,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
2
5
3
2
-
2
5
4
1
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
9
]
N.
An
o
u
s
et
a
l.
,
"
Im
p
a
c
t
of
b
l
u
e
fil
terin
g
on
e
ffe
c
ti
v
e
m
o
d
u
lati
o
n
b
a
n
d
wid
t
h
a
n
d
wid
e
-
a
n
g
le
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
in
wh
it
e
LED
-
b
a
se
d
VLC
sy
ste
m
s,"
O
S
A
Co
n
ti
n
u
u
m,
v
o
l
.
1,
n
o
.
3
,
pp.
9
1
0
-
9
2
9
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
0
]
A.
Kh
o
et
a
l.
,
"
C
o
m
p
e
n
sa
ti
n
g
s
p
a
ti
a
ll
y
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
d
isp
e
rsio
n
in
v
isib
le
li
g
h
t
OCT,
"
O
p
t.
L
e
tt
,
v
o
l.
4
4
,
n
o
.
4
,
pp.
7
7
5
-
7
7
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
1
]
R.
Hira
y
a
m
a
et
a
l.
,
"
P
ro
jec
ti
o
n
of
m
u
lt
i
p
le
d
irec
ti
o
n
a
l
ima
g
e
s
on
a
v
o
l
u
m
e
stru
c
tu
re
with
re
fra
c
ti
v
e
s
u
rfa
c
e
s,"
Op
t.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
2
7
,
n
o
.
2
0
,
pp.
2
7
6
3
7
-
2
7
6
4
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
2
]
T.
R.
Da
stid
a
r
et
a
l.
,
"
Wh
o
le
sli
d
e
ima
g
in
g
s
y
ste
m
u
sin
g
d
e
e
p
le
a
rn
in
g
-
b
a
se
d
a
u
to
m
a
ted
f
o
c
u
sin
g
,
"
Bi
o
me
d
.
Op
t.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
4
8
0
-
4
9
1
,
2
0
2
0
.
[2
3
]
F.
Jia
n
g
et
a
l
.
,
"
Eff
icie
n
t
In
G
a
N
-
b
a
se
d
y
e
ll
o
w
-
li
g
h
t
-
e
m
it
ti
n
g
d
i
o
d
e
s
,
"
P
h
o
t
o
n
.
Res
,
v
o
l.
7,
n
o
.
2
,
pp.
1
4
4
-
1
4
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
4
]
Y.
P.
C
h
a
n
g
et
a
l.
,
"
Ne
w
sc
h
e
m
e
of
Li
DA
R
-
e
m
b
e
d
d
e
d
sm
a
rt
las
e
r
h
e
a
d
li
g
h
t
f
o
r
a
u
t
o
n
o
m
o
u
s
v
e
h
icle
s,"
O
p
t
.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
2
7
,
n
o
.
2
0
,
pp.
A1
4
8
1
-
A1
4
8
9
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
5
]
Y.
J.
P
a
rk
et
a
l.
,
"
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
of
h
ig
h
lu
m
in
o
u
s
e
ffica
c
y
re
d
-
e
m
it
ti
n
g
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
-
in
-
g
las
s
f
o
r
h
ig
h
-
p
o
we
r
LED
li
g
h
t
in
g
sy
ste
m
s
u
si
n
g
our
o
ri
g
in
a
l
lo
w
Tg
a
n
d
Ts
g
las
s,"
Op
t.
L
e
tt
,
v
o
l.
4
4
,
n
o
.
2
4
,
pp.
6
0
5
7
-
6
0
6
0
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
6
]
X.
Hu
a
n
g
et
a
l.
,
"
Hig
h
-
e
fficie
n
c
y
a
n
d
t
h
e
rm
a
ll
y
sta
b
le
fa
r
-
re
d
-
e
m
it
ti
n
g
Na
LaMg
WO6
:M
n
4
+
p
h
o
sp
h
o
rsf
o
r
in
d
o
o
r
p
lan
t
g
ro
wt
h
li
g
h
t
-
e
m
it
ti
n
g
d
i
o
d
e
s,"
Op
t.
L
e
tt
,
v
o
l.
43,
n
o
.
1
4
,
p
p
.
3
3
0
5
-
3
3
0
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
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