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–
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[7
–
11]
.
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1
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in
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c
a
lg
o
r
i
th
m
s
[
2
0
]
ar
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
f
o
r
c
el
lu
l
a
r
an
d
w
ir
e
l
e
s
s
n
etw
o
r
k
s
[
2
1
]
t
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
,
in
c
r
e
a
s
e
th
e
s
p
e
c
t
r
al
ef
f
i
c
ie
n
cy
,
a
n
d
r
e
d
u
c
e
th
e
c
o
m
p
le
x
i
ty
an
d
in
t
er
f
e
r
en
c
e
[
2
2
]
.
O
th
e
r
s
ch
e
d
u
l
in
g
s
ch
em
es
h
av
e
al
s
o
b
e
e
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
in
li
t
e
r
at
u
r
e
t
o
o
b
t
a
i
n
th
e
b
es
t
u
s
e
r
p
ai
r
s
u
c
h
a
s
r
o
u
n
d
r
o
b
i
n
(
R
R
)
S
ch
e
d
u
l
in
g
b
u
t
i
t
h
as
h
ig
h
c
o
m
p
u
t
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
m
p
l
ex
ity
[
1
8
]
.
H
e
n
ce
,
m
o
d
el
s
w
i
th
r
el
a
t
iv
ely
l
o
w
e
r
c
o
m
p
u
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
o
a
d
r
e
q
u
i
r
em
e
n
t
s
s
u
ch
as
h
eu
r
i
s
t
ic
a
r
ti
f
i
c
i
al
in
te
l
li
g
e
n
c
e
m
o
d
e
l
s
a
r
e
u
s
ef
u
l
t
o
b
e
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
ed
a
n
d
s
tu
d
i
e
d
i
n
th
is
p
a
p
e
r
i
n
o
r
d
e
r
t
o
d
e
t
e
r
m
in
e
th
e
u
s
e
r
g
r
o
u
p
s
w
h
i
l
e
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
t
h
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
an
d
s
p
e
c
t
r
a
l
ef
f
i
ci
en
cy
as
w
e
ll
a
s
r
e
d
u
c
in
g
th
e
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
c
o
m
p
u
t
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
m
p
le
x
i
ty
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e
th
e
m
a
in
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
ti
o
n
s
o
f
th
is
p
a
p
e
r
a
r
e
f
i
r
s
t
ly
t
o
c
a
r
r
y
o
u
t
a
c
o
n
c
is
e
s
tu
d
y
o
n
th
e
ex
i
s
t
in
g
u
s
e
r
s
c
h
e
d
u
lin
g
s
c
h
em
e
s
f
o
r
N
O
MA
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
A
C
O
a
n
d
o
th
e
r
h
eu
r
is
ti
c
m
o
d
e
ls
a
n
d
s
ec
o
n
d
ly
t
o
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
an
A
C
O
-
b
as
e
d
s
ch
em
e
w
h
i
ch
is
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
a
t
e
d
t
o
b
e
a
s
u
i
t
a
b
l
e
ca
n
d
i
d
a
t
e
f
o
r
NO
MA
s
y
s
tem
s
in
ac
h
i
ev
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
an
d
s
p
e
c
t
r
a
l
ef
f
i
c
i
en
cy
w
i
th
r
e
d
u
c
ti
o
n
i
n
c
o
m
p
l
ex
i
ty
.
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
R
E
VI
E
W
N
O
MA
is
a
t
e
ch
n
i
q
u
e
w
h
i
ch
u
t
i
li
z
es
th
e
r
a
d
i
o
ac
c
es
s
n
e
tw
o
r
k
(
R
A
N
)
i
n
o
r
d
e
r
t
o
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
r
a
d
i
o
c
o
n
n
e
c
ti
o
n
b
e
tw
ee
n
th
e
m
o
b
ile
t
e
r
m
in
a
ls
a
n
d
th
e
r
a
d
i
o
n
e
tw
o
r
k
.
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
t
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
ca
p
a
c
i
ty
an
d
r
e
d
u
c
e
t
h
e
l
a
t
en
cy
,
a
s
u
i
t
a
b
l
e
ch
an
n
e
l
a
c
c
e
s
s
m
eth
o
d
m
u
s
t
b
e
d
e
s
i
g
n
e
d
w
ith
th
e
g
iv
en
av
a
il
a
b
l
e
r
a
d
i
o
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
es
.
A
s
t
h
e
d
em
an
d
f
o
r
th
e
c
a
p
a
c
ity
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
w
ith
l
a
t
en
cy
r
e
d
u
c
tio
n
k
e
e
p
s
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
,
NO
MA
s
y
s
t
em
s
w
h
i
ch
is
a
ls
o
o
f
f
e
r
in
g
h
ig
h
e
r
b
an
d
w
i
d
th
ef
f
ic
i
e
n
cy
i
s
a
g
o
o
d
c
a
n
d
i
d
a
t
e
f
o
r
a
c
h
ie
v
in
g
th
e
t
a
r
g
et
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
.
V
a
r
i
o
u
s
s
tu
d
ie
s
s
h
o
w
th
a
t
N
O
MA
c
an
b
e
a
g
o
o
d
c
h
o
i
c
e
f
o
r
ch
an
n
e
l
a
cc
e
s
s
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
a
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
d
e
s
i
r
a
b
l
e
b
en
ef
i
ts
f
r
o
m
N
OM
A
im
p
l
em
en
t
at
i
o
n
in
c
lu
d
in
g
g
r
e
a
te
r
s
p
e
ct
r
u
m
ef
f
i
ci
e
n
cy
a
n
d
s
u
m
c
a
p
a
ci
ty
[
2
3
]
.
N
O
MA
i
s
g
en
e
r
al
ly
im
p
lem
en
t
e
d
e
i
th
e
r
as
a
p
o
w
e
r
-
d
o
m
a
in
s
y
s
t
em
o
r
c
o
d
e
-
d
o
m
a
in
s
y
s
t
em
.
I
n
t
h
e
p
o
w
e
r
-
d
o
m
a
in
s
y
s
t
em
,
th
e
s
ig
n
a
ls
w
h
ic
h
c
o
m
e
f
r
o
m
m
u
lt
i
p
l
e
u
s
e
r
s
a
r
e
s
u
p
e
r
p
o
s
e
d
t
o
r
e
n
d
e
r
a
s
in
g
l
e
r
e
s
u
lt
an
t
s
ig
n
a
l
.
T
h
i
s
r
e
s
u
l
t
an
t
s
ig
n
a
l
is
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
tt
e
d
o
v
e
r
th
e
s
am
e
ch
an
n
e
l
.
A
t
th
e
r
e
c
eiv
e
r
s
i
d
e
,
th
e
s
ig
n
a
ls
a
r
e
d
e
-
m
u
l
t
i
p
le
x
e
d
an
d
d
e
te
c
t
e
d
w
ith
th
e
h
el
p
o
f
m
u
l
t
iu
s
e
r
d
e
t
ec
t
i
o
n
(
M
UD
)
a
l
g
o
r
ith
m
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
S
I
C
[
2
4
]
.
W
i
r
e
l
e
s
s
t
r
an
s
m
is
s
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
em
s
m
u
s
t
a
c
c
o
m
m
o
d
a
t
e
an
u
l
t
r
a
-
d
en
s
e
n
e
tw
o
r
k
w
ith
h
i
g
h
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
u
s
e
r
s
a
s
it
n
e
e
d
s
a
r
e
l
i
a
b
l
e
an
d
f
a
s
t
c
h
an
n
el
a
c
c
es
s
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
.
On
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
a
jo
r
c
h
a
ll
en
g
e
s
th
a
t
w
il
l
b
e
f
a
c
e
d
b
y
th
e
s
y
s
t
em
is
t
h
e
e
f
f
i
ci
en
cy
i
n
t
e
r
m
s
o
f
s
p
e
c
t
r
u
m
a
n
d
e
n
e
r
g
y
.
Du
e
t
o
t
h
e
l
a
r
g
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
s
i
g
n
al
t
r
an
s
m
is
s
i
o
n
s
o
c
c
u
r
r
i
n
g
at
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e
,
th
ey
t
en
d
t
o
ex
p
e
r
i
en
c
e
d
i
f
f
e
r
en
t
ch
a
n
n
el
c
o
n
d
i
ti
o
n
s
an
d
t
r
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
r
eq
u
i
r
em
en
ts
.
N
O
MA
o
v
e
r
c
o
m
e
s
th
is
p
r
o
b
l
em
b
y
a
l
l
o
c
at
in
g
t
h
e
r
es
o
u
r
ce
s
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
th
e
q
u
a
l
ity
o
f
th
e
u
s
e
r
’
s
s
ig
n
a
l
,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
ty
p
i
c
a
lly
m
e
as
u
r
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
s
ig
n
a
l
-
to
-
n
o
is
e
r
at
i
o
.
I
n
o
th
e
r
w
o
r
d
s
,
N
OM
A
m
ak
es
u
s
e
i
ts
f
e
at
u
r
e
s
t
o
e
x
p
an
d
a
n
d
c
o
n
t
r
a
c
t
th
e
c
o
v
e
r
ag
e
o
f
s
er
v
i
c
es
b
as
e
d
o
n
th
e
c
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
an
d
d
em
an
d
s
f
r
o
m
u
s
e
r
s
a
l
l
th
e
tim
e
b
y
o
p
e
r
a
ti
n
g
at
t
h
e
r
ig
h
t
p
o
in
t
w
h
ich
b
a
l
an
ce
s
t
h
e
s
p
ec
t
r
u
m
an
d
en
e
r
g
y
ef
f
i
c
ie
n
cy
[
2
5
]
.
A
l
th
o
u
g
h
NO
MA
h
a
s
g
r
e
at
e
r
s
p
e
c
t
r
u
m
e
f
f
i
ci
en
cy
,
th
e
s
y
s
t
em
is
ex
p
o
s
e
d
t
o
in
t
e
r
f
e
r
en
c
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
h
a
r
in
g
u
s
e
r
s
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e
,
u
s
e
r
s
c
h
e
d
u
l
in
g
is
e
s
s
e
n
t
i
a
l
f
o
r
r
e
d
u
c
in
g
t
h
e
in
te
r
f
e
r
en
c
e
an
d
en
h
an
c
in
g
th
e
b
a
n
d
w
i
d
th
ef
f
i
ci
en
cy
a
l
o
n
g
w
ith
t
h
e
s
u
c
c
es
s
iv
e
i
n
te
r
f
e
r
en
c
e
c
an
ce
l
l
at
i
o
n
,
w
h
i
c
h
w
il
l
al
s
o
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
in
e
l
im
in
at
in
g
th
e
c
o
m
p
u
t
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
m
p
l
ex
i
ty
o
f
t
h
e
a
lg
o
r
i
th
m
s
[
2
7
]
.
Se
v
e
r
a
l
m
e
t
h
o
d
s
a
r
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
f
o
r
th
e
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
o
f
u
s
e
r
p
a
i
r
s
s
u
ch
a
s
r
o
u
n
d
r
o
b
in
[
2
8
]
.
A
s
t
h
es
e
a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
es
t
en
d
t
o
r
e
q
u
ir
e
s
ig
n
if
i
ca
n
t
ly
h
ig
h
e
r
c
o
m
p
u
ta
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
o
a
d
s
w
h
en
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
u
s
e
r
s
in
c
r
e
as
es
,
n
ew
c
o
m
p
u
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
lly
l
o
w
e
r
s
c
h
em
es
h
av
e
b
e
en
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
i
n
l
i
t
e
r
a
tu
r
e
t
o
d
et
e
r
m
in
e
t
h
e
u
s
e
r
p
a
i
r
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
t
h
e
h
eu
r
is
t
i
c
m
o
d
e
ls
w
h
i
ch
a
r
e
i
n
s
p
i
r
e
d
b
y
a
r
t
if
ic
i
a
l
in
t
e
l
li
g
e
n
c
e
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s
[
2
9
–
34]
w
h
i
ch
in
c
lu
d
e
d
r
o
s
o
p
h
il
a
o
p
t
im
i
z
a
ti
o
n
a
lg
o
r
i
th
m
[
3
5
]
,
p
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
w
a
r
m
o
p
tim
i
z
a
ti
o
n
a
lg
o
r
i
t
h
m
[
3
6
–
38]
,
f
i
r
ef
ly
o
p
tim
i
z
at
i
o
n
a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
[
3
9
]
,
d
o
l
p
h
in
e
ch
o
l
o
c
at
i
o
n
a
lg
o
r
i
th
m
[
4
0
]
,
g
en
et
i
c
al
g
o
r
i
th
m
[
2
0
,
4
1
]
a
n
d
a
n
t
-
c
o
l
o
n
y
o
p
tim
i
z
at
i
o
n
a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
[
1
9
,
4
2
]
.
T
h
e
s
e
m
o
d
el
s
h
av
e
t
h
e
a
b
i
l
i
ty
to
s
o
l
v
e
p
r
o
b
l
em
s
in
v
a
r
y
i
n
g
f
i
el
d
s
s
u
ch
a
s
,
b
u
t
n
o
t
l
im
it
e
d
t
o
,
tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
,
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
in
g
,
im
ag
e
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
in
g
a
n
d
b
i
o
m
e
d
i
c
al
en
g
in
e
e
r
in
g
.
T
h
i
s
p
a
p
e
r
is
p
r
e
s
en
t
e
d
f
o
c
u
s
in
g
o
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th
e
h
eu
r
i
s
t
i
c
m
o
d
e
ls
w
h
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ch
a
r
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s
p
i
r
e
d
b
y
n
a
t
u
r
al
p
h
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n
o
m
en
a
.
3.
NO
M
A
SYST
E
M
M
O
DE
L
I
n
th
is
p
a
p
e
r
,
t
h
e
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
e
d
s
y
s
t
em
m
o
d
e
l
c
o
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
n
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w
o
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k
h
a
v
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s
s
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s
,
e
a
ch
o
f
w
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ch
p
o
s
s
es
s
e
s
a
s
in
g
l
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ce
l
l
t
h
a
t
c
o
n
t
ai
n
s
th
r
e
e
s
e
ct
o
r
s
,
w
h
e
r
e
e
a
ch
o
f
th
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s
e
c
t
o
r
s
is
r
e
p
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s
en
te
d
a
s
,
f
o
r
∈
[
1
,
s
]
a
n
d
∈
[
1
,
3
]
.
A
s
s
u
m
in
g
th
at
t
h
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f
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r
s
t
c
e
l
l
is
lo
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d
i
n
th
e
m
i
d
d
l
e
o
f
th
e
n
e
tw
o
r
k
,
th
e
a
n
aly
s
i
s
w
il
l
b
e
f
o
cu
s
e
d
a
t
t
h
i
s
f
i
r
s
t
c
el
l
w
ith
o
u
t
l
o
s
s
o
f
g
en
e
r
al
i
ty
.
I
t
is
a
ls
o
a
s
s
u
m
e
d
th
a
t
a
l
l
s
e
c
t
o
r
s
in
a
l
l
s
it
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s
o
f
th
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n
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k
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a
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f
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ly
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d
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an
s
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av
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ly
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b
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s
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r
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in
t
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s
ec
t
o
r
s
.
T
h
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r
ef
o
r
e
,
th
e
f
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c
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s
o
f
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u
r
an
aly
s
is
w
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ll
b
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th
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f
i
r
s
t
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r
,
d
en
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d
a
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1
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1
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o
f
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f
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it
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d
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t
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c
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p
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b
l
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c
k
s
(
R
B
)
in
t
h
e
n
etw
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r
k
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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f
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s
[
2
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,
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PL
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,
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A
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w
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e
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e
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it p
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tal
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T
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n
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m
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s
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PL
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,
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d
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ar
e
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p
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g
ai
n
an
d
s
h
ad
o
w
f
ad
in
g
b
et
w
ee
n
ce
ll
o
r
s
ite
an
d
u
s
er
,
ass
u
m
in
g
t
h
at
th
e
s
h
ad
o
w
i
n
g
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f
ec
t
s
ex
p
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ce
d
b
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t
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e
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
ite
s
ar
e
f
u
ll
y
co
r
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el
ated
.
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h
e
an
ten
n
a
g
ain
b
et
w
ee
n
s
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to
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an
d
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s
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is
ex
p
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ess
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as
A
(
,
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an
d
th
e
s
m
all
s
ca
le
f
ast
f
ad
in
g
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te
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,
o
v
er
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b
et
w
ee
n
s
ec
to
r
,
an
d
u
s
er
.
I
n
a
NOM
A
s
y
s
te
m
g
e
n
er
all
y
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
f
o
r
u
s
er
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air
in
g
,
t
w
o
u
s
er
s
ar
e
co
n
f
i
g
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r
ed
to
s
h
ar
e
th
e
s
a
m
e
R
B
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
SIC,
th
e
s
i
g
n
al
to
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
p
l
u
s
n
o
is
e
r
atio
(
SIN
R
)
o
f
b
o
th
u
s
er
s
,
u
s
er
1
an
d
u
s
er
2
ar
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m
ea
s
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f
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r
th
e
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f
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s
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ar
in
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h
is
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e
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m
u
ltip
le
ac
ce
s
s
(
OM
A
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o
d
el,
w
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e
th
e
SI
NR
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1
,
1
(
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f
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w
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ic
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ap
p
licab
le
f
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r
b
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2
)
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s
ec
to
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1
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f
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ite
1
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r
i
tten
a
s
f
o
llo
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,
1
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1
(
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,
,
3
=
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s
=
1
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1
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1
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T
h
e
n
o
is
e
ex
p
r
ess
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n
ca
n
b
e
ex
clu
d
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i
n
th
e
ab
o
v
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eq
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at
io
n
as
t
h
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co
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s
id
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s
y
s
te
m
m
o
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el
is
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ter
f
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e
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ce
li
m
ited
.
I
f
t
h
e
SI
NR
o
f
u
s
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1
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lar
g
er
t
h
an
t
h
e
SIN
R
o
f
u
s
er
2
ie.
1
,
1
,
1
(
1
)
>
2
,
1
,
1
(
2
)
b
ased
on
(
1)
,
th
en
th
e
av
er
ag
e
p
o
w
er
allo
ca
tio
n
f
o
r
b
o
th
u
s
er
1
an
d
u
s
er
2
in
NOM
A
is
1
T
an
d
2
T
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
as
b
o
th
u
s
er
s
s
h
ar
e
th
e
s
a
m
e
R
B
,
w
h
er
e
1
<
0
.
5
an
d
1
+
2
=
1
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
SIN
R
2
,
1
,
1
(
1
,
2
)
f
o
r
u
s
er
2
in
s
ec
to
r
1
o
f
s
ite
1
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as f
o
llo
w
s
2
,
1
,
1
(
1
,
2
)
=
1
,
1
,
2
,
∑
∑
,
,
2
,
3
=
1
s
=
1
−
1
,
1
,
2
,
+
1
,
1
,
1
,
,
(
2
)
T
h
e
SIN
R
o
f
u
s
er
2
in
(
2)
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
d
ir
ec
tl
y
w
it
h
o
u
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
th
e
SI
C
.
I
n
o
th
er
w
o
r
d
s
,
d
ec
o
d
in
g
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
i
g
n
a
l
f
o
r
u
s
er
2
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
d
ir
ec
tl
y
w
it
h
o
u
t a
n
y
p
r
io
r
SIC
o
p
er
ati
o
n
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
u
s
er
1
m
u
s
t
b
e
in
c
lu
d
ed
in
t
h
e
ca
lc
u
l
atio
n
o
f
SIN
R
o
f
u
s
er
2
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
SIN
R
o
f
u
s
er
1
h
e
n
ce
d
ec
o
d
in
g
th
e
s
i
g
n
al
r
ec
eiv
ed
f
o
r
u
s
e
r
1
,
th
e
SIC
o
p
er
atio
n
i
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
in
o
r
d
er
to
r
e
m
o
v
e
th
e
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
ca
u
s
e
d
b
y
u
s
er
2
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
n
o
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
u
s
er
2
w
ill
b
e
in
clu
d
ed
in
th
e
ex
p
r
es
s
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
SIN
R
1
,
1
,
1
(
1
,
2
)
o
f
u
s
er
1
,
as
w
r
itte
n
b
elo
w
1
,
1
,
1
(
1
,
2
)
=
1
,
1
,
1
,
∑
∑
,
,
1
,
3
=
1
s
=
1
−
1
,
1
,
1
,
,
(
3
)
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
is
to
m
ax
i
m
ize
th
e
ac
h
ie
v
ab
le
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t p
er
g
r
o
u
p
,
,
f
o
r
ea
ch
ce
ll a
n
d
s
ite.
Fo
r
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
ce
ll
an
d
s
ite
,
th
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t p
er
g
r
o
u
p
,
,
to
b
e
m
a
x
i
m
ized
is
,
,
=
∑
,
,
(
1
,
⋯
,
)
=
1
,
(
4
)
w
h
er
e
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
u
s
er
s
p
er
g
r
o
u
p
is
.
I
n
th
e
n
ex
t sectio
n
,
th
e
n
at
u
r
e
-
in
s
p
ir
ed
h
eu
r
i
s
tic
m
o
d
els f
o
r
NOM
A
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
i
ll b
e
s
t
u
d
ied
an
d
co
m
p
ar
ed
ag
ai
n
s
t t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
A
C
O
s
c
h
e
m
e.
4.
NATUR
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2
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ie
s
[
3
6
]
.
T
h
e
f
l
a
s
h
i
n
g
b
e
h
av
i
o
u
r
o
f
f
i
r
ef
l
i
es
is
th
e
u
n
d
e
r
ly
i
n
g
p
r
in
c
i
p
l
e
o
f
t
h
i
s
m
et
h
o
d
.
I
t
c
o
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
tw
o
p
a
r
am
et
e
r
s
w
h
i
ch
e
v
a
lu
a
t
e
an
d
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
th
e
a
c
cu
r
a
cy
o
f
th
e
s
o
l
u
ti
o
n
.
T
h
e
t
w
o
in
d
i
c
at
o
r
s
a
r
e
f
l
u
o
r
es
c
en
c
e
v
a
lu
e
a
n
d
r
a
d
iu
s
o
f
p
e
r
ce
p
t
i
o
n
.
T
h
e
f
l
u
o
r
es
c
en
c
e
v
a
lu
e
i
s
u
s
e
d
t
o
d
e
t
e
r
m
in
e
th
e
q
u
a
li
ty
o
f
p
o
s
it
i
o
n
f
o
r
in
d
iv
i
d
u
a
l
.
O
n
t
h
e
o
th
e
r
h
a
n
d
,
th
e
in
d
iv
i
d
u
a
l
s
e
a
r
ch
i
s
m
e
asu
r
e
d
b
y
th
e
s
i
ze
o
f
r
a
d
i
u
s
o
f
p
e
r
c
e
p
t
i
o
n
.
I
n
i
t
ia
l
ly
,
t
h
e
i
n
d
iv
i
d
u
al
(
f
i
r
ef
ly
)
m
o
v
e
s
t
o
t
h
e
l
o
c
at
io
n
o
f
o
u
ts
t
an
d
in
g
in
d
iv
i
d
u
a
l
w
h
i
ch
i
s
l
o
c
at
e
d
w
ith
in
i
ts
a
r
e
a
o
f
s
e
a
r
ch
.
T
h
e
a
t
t
r
a
ct
iv
en
es
s
o
f
th
e
b
r
i
g
h
t
n
ess
o
f
f
i
r
ef
ly
(
d
u
e
t
o
f
lu
o
r
e
s
c
e
n
c
e
in
t
en
s
ity
)
is
es
s
en
t
i
a
l
t
o
in
d
i
c
a
t
e
th
e
t
a
r
g
e
t
.
T
h
e
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
a
r
g
e
t
c
an
b
e
e
a
s
ily
d
et
e
c
t
e
d
w
ith
b
e
t
te
r
b
r
i
g
h
tn
es
s
.
T
h
e
a
tt
r
a
c
ti
v
e
n
e
s
s
w
i
ll
b
e
h
ig
h
e
r
a
s
t
h
e
b
r
ig
h
tn
ess
i
s
o
b
v
i
o
u
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
t
a
r
g
e
t
is
c
le
a
r
ly
i
llu
s
t
r
a
t
e
d
.
F
a
c
t
o
r
s
s
u
ch
a
s
f
lu
o
r
es
c
en
c
e
in
t
e
n
s
ity
an
d
r
e
l
at
iv
e
a
t
t
r
a
c
t
iv
en
es
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
e
d
w
el
l
w
h
en
a
p
p
ly
in
g
t
h
is
t
ec
h
n
i
q
u
e
t
o
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
a
lg
o
r
i
th
m
.
T
h
e
d
i
s
t
an
c
e
is
in
v
e
r
s
ely
p
r
o
p
o
r
t
i
o
n
a
l
t
o
b
o
th
t
h
e
b
r
i
g
h
t
n
ess
an
d
a
tt
r
a
c
t
iv
en
es
s
.
F
i
r
ef
ly
O
p
t
im
iz
a
ti
o
n
i
s
e
a
s
y
t
o
o
p
e
r
a
te
an
d
i
t
m
ak
e
s
u
s
e
o
f
a
s
m
a
ll
s
i
z
e
o
f
p
a
r
am
et
e
r
s
.
T
h
e
n
eg
a
ti
v
e
p
o
in
t
o
f
th
i
s
m
e
th
o
d
ta
k
e
s
a
l
o
n
g
tim
e
f
o
r
c
o
n
v
e
r
g
in
g
a
n
d
h
a
s
a
l
o
w
p
r
o
b
a
b
i
l
i
ty
o
f
p
e
ak
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
[
3
6
]
.
F
i
r
ef
ly
h
a
s
al
s
o
b
e
e
n
em
p
l
o
y
e
d
i
n
t
e
l
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
at
i
o
n
s
,
as
s
t
u
d
i
e
d
in
[
3
9
]
f
o
r
i
n
s
t
an
c
e
.
A
l
th
o
u
g
h
f
i
r
ef
ly
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
h
as
b
e
e
n
im
p
l
em
e
n
t
e
d
f
o
r
c
lu
s
t
e
r
in
g
s
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
e
s
o
r
u
s
e
r
s
in
w
i
r
e
le
s
s
s
en
s
o
r
n
e
tw
o
r
k
s
[
4
7
]
,
t
h
e
u
s
e
r
g
r
o
u
p
in
g
is
s
u
e
in
N
OM
A
h
a
s
n
o
t
b
e
en
a
d
d
r
es
s
e
d
.
4
.
4
.
Do
lph
in ec
ho
lo
ca
t
io
n
m
o
del
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
s
aid
to
b
e
s
im
ilar
to
th
e
r
est
o
f
th
e
o
p
ti
m
i
za
tio
n
to
o
ls
in
as
it
s
h
ar
es
s
o
m
e
co
m
m
o
n
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
d
o
lp
h
in
ec
h
o
lo
ca
tio
n
(
DE
)
c
an
b
e
ap
p
lied
to
f
in
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
f
o
r
o
p
tim
izatio
n
is
s
u
es.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
DE
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
b
eh
a
v
io
u
r
o
f
a
d
o
l
p
h
in
w
h
e
n
f
o
r
ag
i
n
g
f
o
r
p
r
e
y
.
I
n
itiall
y
,
t
h
e
d
o
lp
h
in
lo
o
k
s
f
o
r
f
o
o
d
w
it
h
i
n
its
s
ea
r
ch
r
eg
io
n
an
d
th
e
n
f
o
cu
s
e
s
o
n
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
lo
ca
tio
n
o
n
ce
th
e
ta
r
g
et
(
p
r
ey
)
is
f
o
u
n
d
.
I
t
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
it
s
s
ea
r
ch
ar
ea
as
it
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
th
e
p
r
ey
.
I
n
o
t
h
er
w
o
r
d
s
,
th
e
ec
h
o
lo
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
th
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
f
r
o
m
th
e
tar
g
et.
DE
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
t
w
o
p
h
ases
in
its
al
g
o
r
ith
m
.
Firstl
y
,
th
e
d
o
lp
h
i
n
in
itiate
s
a
g
lo
b
al
s
ea
r
c
h
wh
er
e
it
s
ea
r
ch
e
s
t
h
e
u
n
e
x
p
l
o
r
ed
ar
ea
s
b
y
c
h
o
o
s
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g
r
an
d
o
m
p
at
h
s
w
it
h
i
n
th
e
s
ea
r
c
h
/lo
o
k
-
f
o
r
r
eg
io
n
an
d
o
b
tain
s
s
o
m
e
i
n
itia
l
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
.
I
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
h
ase,
t
h
e
s
ea
r
ch
r
an
g
e
i
s
li
m
i
ted
o
r
r
estricte
d
to
a
s
m
al
ler
ar
ea
an
d
f
o
c
u
s
e
s
o
n
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
o
ca
tio
n
in
a
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
d
ir
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
is
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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1
6
9
3
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6
9
3
0
T
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m
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p
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tr
o
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,
Vo
l.
1
8
,
No
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4
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0
2
0
:
1
7
5
4
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7
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lo
o
k
-
f
o
r
r
eg
io
n
is
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
p
h
ase.
Mo
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
izati
o
n
to
o
ls
ap
p
l
y
th
e
s
e
t
w
o
p
h
a
s
es
in
d
eter
m
i
n
in
g
t
h
e
o
p
tim
a
l
s
o
l
u
tio
n
f
o
r
a
p
r
o
b
le
m
.
T
h
e
d
o
lp
h
in
ec
h
o
lo
ca
tio
n
h
as
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
ad
ap
t
its
alg
o
r
it
h
m
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
is
s
u
es
i
n
w
h
ic
h
th
e
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
is
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
.
Hen
ce
,
it
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
s
o
lv
in
g
v
ar
io
u
s
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
th
er
e
is
a
h
i
g
h
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
lea
k
ag
e
o
cc
u
r
r
e
n
ce
in
DE
.
I
n
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
f
f
ec
ts
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
an
d
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
s
o
l
u
tio
n
.
T
h
is
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
ess
en
tial
d
ata
in
d
eter
m
in
i
n
g
an
d
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
th
e
o
p
tim
al
s
o
l
u
tio
n
.
B
esid
es
th
a
t,
ec
h
o
lo
ca
tio
n
is
o
n
l
y
ap
p
licab
le
w
ith
in
a
li
m
ited
r
an
g
e.
T
h
u
s
,
it
h
as
to
b
e
i
m
p
l
e
m
en
ted
m
u
ltip
le
t
i
m
e
s
i
n
d
if
f
er
en
t
lo
ca
tio
n
s
in
o
r
d
er
to
h
a
v
e
a
w
id
er
r
an
g
e
o
f
s
ea
r
ch
s
p
ac
e
[
4
0
,
4
8
,
4
9
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
DE
in
a
u
s
er
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
p
r
o
b
le
m
w
it
h
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
w
id
er
s
ea
r
ch
s
p
ac
e
s
u
ch
a
s
NOM
A
w
it
h
a
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
a
n
ten
n
as is
p
r
o
h
ib
itiv
e.
4
.
5
.
Ant
-
co
l
o
ny
o
pti
m
iza
t
io
n
m
o
del
An
t
-
C
o
lo
n
y
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
i
s
an
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
to
o
l
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
b
e
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
f
in
d
i
n
g
o
p
ti
m
al
o
r
s
h
o
r
test
p
ath
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
an
ts
’
b
eh
a
v
io
u
r
in
s
ea
r
ch
i
n
g
f
o
r
th
eir
f
o
o
d
.
A
n
an
t
g
en
er
all
y
m
o
v
es
i
n
a
r
an
d
o
m
f
a
s
h
io
n
p
r
io
r
f
in
d
in
g
t
h
e
f
o
o
d
.
W
h
en
th
e
f
o
o
d
is
f
o
u
n
d
,
th
e
an
t
w
il
l
r
etu
r
n
to
its
co
lo
n
y
lea
v
in
g
m
ar
k
er
s
,
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
p
h
er
o
m
o
n
es,
t
h
at
in
s
ti
g
ate
o
t
h
er
an
t
s
to
ta
k
e
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
p
at
h
f
o
r
f
i
n
d
in
g
t
h
e
f
o
o
d
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
p
h
er
o
m
o
n
e
in
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
(
o
p
t
i
m
al)
p
ath
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
an
ts
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
p
ar
t
icu
lar
p
ath
to
r
ea
ch
th
e
f
o
o
d
lo
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
e
v
ap
o
r
atio
n
r
ate
o
f
th
e
p
h
er
o
m
o
n
e
w
ill
b
e
lo
w
w
h
ich
in
t
u
r
n
a
ttra
cts
m
o
r
e
an
ts
to
u
s
e
th
e
p
ath
.
I
n
o
t
h
e
r
w
o
r
d
s
,
A
C
O
is
a
p
o
p
u
latio
n
-
b
ased
m
eta
-
h
e
u
r
is
tic
m
et
h
o
d
th
at
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
f
i
n
d
an
ap
p
r
o
x
im
a
te
s
o
l
u
tio
n
to
d
if
f
ic
u
lt o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
.
T
h
e
ar
tif
icia
l a
n
ts
lo
o
k
f
o
r
a
g
o
o
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
a
g
i
v
en
o
p
tim
izatio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
.
AC
O
is
a
s
tr
o
n
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
w
h
ich
ca
n
b
e
in
teg
r
ated
w
it
h
o
th
er
h
e
u
r
is
tic
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
it
s
o
w
n
a
n
d
o
th
er
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
.
B
esid
es
th
at,
AC
O
h
as
t
h
e
ab
ilit
y
to
f
i
n
d
a
b
etter
s
o
lu
tio
n
in
s
o
lv
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
A
C
O
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
[
5
0
]
f
o
r
NOM
A
is
as
f
o
llo
w
s
I
n
p
u
t
:
T
h
e
SIN
R
o
f
ea
ch
u
s
er
b
ef
o
r
e
s
h
ar
i
n
g
t
h
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
an
t
s
,
,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
u
s
er
s
,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
u
s
er
s
p
er
g
r
o
u
p
,
th
e
in
it
ial
p
h
er
o
m
o
n
e
v
al
u
e,
t
h
e
p
h
er
o
m
o
n
e
v
al
u
e,
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
ch
o
o
s
i
n
g
a
u
s
er
.
Ou
tp
u
t
:
T
h
e
u
s
er
s
in
ea
c
h
g
r
o
u
p
a
n
d
th
e
SIN
R
o
f
ea
ch
u
s
er
a
f
ter
s
h
ar
in
g
t
h
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
(
NOM
A
)
Step
s
:
(
i)
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
o
d
es
o
f
t
h
e
an
t
co
lo
n
y
o
p
ti
m
iz
atio
n
is
s
et
to
an
d
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
ta
g
e
s
is
also
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
ed
to
.
(
ii)
E
v
er
y
an
t
w
ill
ch
o
o
s
e
t
h
e
n
ex
t
n
o
d
e,
w
h
ic
h
is
n
o
t
y
et
ch
o
s
e
n
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
b
ased
o
n
th
e
in
it
ialized
h
eu
r
i
s
tic
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
th
e
p
h
er
o
m
o
n
e
v
alu
e
an
d
its
ev
ap
o
r
ati
o
n
r
ate
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
a
s
d
escr
ib
ed
in
[
5
0
]
.
(
iii)
T
h
e
p
ath
w
it
h
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
p
er
g
r
o
u
p
,
,
,
as
g
iv
e
n
i
n
(
4
)
,
w
h
ic
h
s
er
v
es
as
th
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
w
ill b
e
u
p
d
ated
as
w
ell
as th
e
p
h
er
o
m
o
n
e
v
al
u
e,
th
e
ev
ap
o
r
atio
n
r
ate
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
n
e
x
t iter
atio
n
is
r
u
n
.
(
iv
)
T
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
ter
m
i
n
ated
w
h
e
n
th
e
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
cr
iter
i
o
n
is
f
u
l
f
i
lled
o
r
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
iter
atio
n
s
i
s
r
ea
ch
ed
.
T
ab
le
1
s
u
m
m
ar
izes
t
h
e
p
r
o
s
an
d
co
n
s
f
o
r
all
h
e
u
r
is
tic
s
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
in
th
is
p
ap
e
r
.
T
h
e
b
est
tech
n
iq
u
e
ca
n
b
e
ch
o
s
en
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
s
s
et
b
y
t
h
e
u
s
er
s
.
Si
n
ce
ea
ch
o
f
t
h
e
h
e
u
r
is
tic
m
o
d
els
h
as
p
lu
s
p
o
in
ts
in
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
a
s
p
ec
ts
,
th
e
b
est
alg
o
r
ith
m
w
i
ll
b
e
th
e
o
n
e
th
at
s
u
i
ts
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
s
c
o
p
e
an
d
p
r
o
b
lem
s
ad
d
r
ess
ed
.
Fo
r
g
r
o
u
p
in
g
a
n
d
s
ch
ed
u
li
n
g
th
e
u
s
er
s
in
N
OM
A
,
th
e
b
est
h
e
u
r
is
tic
alg
o
r
it
h
m
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
liter
at
u
r
e
s
o
f
ar
is
A
C
O.
I
t
h
a
s
b
ee
n
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
to
b
e
ab
le
to
g
r
o
u
p
t
h
e
u
s
er
s
i
n
ce
l
lu
lar
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
[
1
9
]
.
Oth
er
h
eu
r
i
s
tic
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
o
th
er
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
P
SO
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ap
p
lied
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
p
o
w
er
allo
ca
tio
n
in
NOM
A
,
as
p
r
esen
ted
in
[
4
4
-
4
6
]
.
A
p
ar
t
f
r
o
m
i
m
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
p
o
w
er
allo
ca
tio
n
,
P
SO
is
also
s
u
i
tab
le
f
o
r
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
ac
ce
s
s
d
ela
y
s
i
n
NOM
A
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
g
en
er
al
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
P
SO
is
n
o
t
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
g
r
o
u
p
in
g
th
e
u
s
er
s
i
n
NOM
A
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Sh
o
w
s
t
h
e
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
s
an
d
d
is
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
s
o
f
ea
c
h
h
eu
r
is
tic
al
g
o
r
ith
m
N
a
t
u
r
e
-
I
n
sp
i
r
e
d
A
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
ms
A
d
v
a
n
t
a
g
e
D
i
sad
v
a
n
t
a
g
e
A
n
t
-
C
o
l
o
n
y
O
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
[
1
9
]
Ea
sy
t
o
b
e
i
m
p
l
e
me
n
t
e
d
A
b
i
l
i
t
y
t
o
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
w
i
t
h
a
n
o
t
h
e
r
h
e
u
r
i
s
t
i
c
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
R
e
q
u
i
r
e
s l
o
n
g
e
r
se
a
r
c
h
t
i
m
e
D
r
o
so
p
h
i
l
a
O
p
t
i
mi
z
a
t
i
o
n
[
3
5
]
D
e
a
l
s
w
i
t
h
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
a
l
p
r
o
b
l
e
ms
H
i
g
h
p
r
e
c
i
si
o
n
U
n
a
b
l
e
t
o
u
se
f
o
r
n
o
n
-
p
o
si
t
i
v
e
i
ss
u
e
P
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
S
w
a
r
m
I
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
c
e
[
3
6
]
Ea
sy
t
o
i
mp
l
e
me
n
t
C
o
n
si
s
t
s o
f
l
e
ss v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
L
i
mi
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
n
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
F
i
r
e
f
l
y
O
p
t
i
mi
z
a
t
i
o
n
[
3
9
]
Ea
sy
t
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
e
L
e
ss p
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s i
n
v
o
l
v
e
d
L
o
w
c
o
n
v
e
r
g
e
n
c
e
r
a
t
e
L
o
w
p
e
a
k
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
D
o
l
p
h
i
n
Ec
h
o
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
[
4
0
]
A
d
a
p
t
a
t
i
o
n
t
o
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
p
r
o
b
l
e
ms
I
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
l
e
a
k
a
g
e
L
i
mi
t
e
d
r
a
n
g
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
1759
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
A
n
t
-
co
lo
n
y
a
n
d
n
a
t
u
r
e
-
in
s
p
ir
ed
h
eu
r
is
tic
mo
d
els fo
r
N
OMA
s
ystem
s
:
a
r
ev
iew
(
La
w
P
o
h
Liyn
)
5.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
NOM
A
s
y
s
te
m
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
ad
io
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
f
o
r
u
s
er
s
b
y
g
r
o
u
p
i
n
g
t
h
ese
u
s
er
s
in
p
air
s
w
it
h
o
n
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
b
lo
ck
a
llo
ca
ted
p
er
p
air
o
r
g
r
o
u
p
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
av
a
ilab
le
r
eso
u
r
ce
b
lo
ck
s
is
v
ar
ied
f
r
o
m
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
to
5
r
eso
u
r
ce
b
lo
ck
s
w
it
h
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
av
ailab
le
u
s
er
s
v
ar
ied
as
2
,
4
,
6
,
8
an
d
1
0
ac
co
r
d
in
g
l
y
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
test
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
A
C
O
u
s
er
g
r
o
u
p
i
n
g
s
ch
e
m
e,
t
w
o
o
t
h
er
s
c
h
e
m
e
s
a
r
e
also
ex
ec
u
ted
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
f
ai
r
n
ess
f
ix
ed
allo
ca
tio
n
(
P
FF
P
)
[
2
7
]
an
d
th
e
ex
h
a
u
s
t
i
v
e
s
ea
r
c
h
(
E
S)
m
eth
o
d
th
at
s
er
v
es
as
t
h
e
u
p
p
er
b
o
u
n
d
s
in
ce
it
f
in
d
s
th
e
g
lo
b
al
o
p
tim
u
m
g
r
o
u
p
i
n
g
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
m
ea
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
o
b
tain
ed
w
h
en
t
h
ese
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
in
t
h
e
NOM
A
s
y
s
te
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
m
ea
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t in
Mb
p
s
v
s
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
es
o
u
r
ce
b
lo
ck
s
On
t
h
e
w
h
o
le,
t
h
e
m
ea
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
ts
ac
h
ie
v
ed
b
y
a
ll
t
h
r
ee
s
ch
e
m
e
s
u
n
d
er
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
a
s
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
b
lo
c
k
s
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
.
W
h
e
n
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
b
lo
ck
s
i
s
b
et
w
ee
n
o
n
e
an
d
t
w
o
,
th
e
m
ea
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
s
lo
w
l
y
a
n
d
g
r
ad
u
a
ll
y
.
A
m
o
r
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
th
e
m
ea
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
w
h
e
n
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
b
lo
ck
s
is
b
etw
ee
n
t
w
o
an
d
f
o
u
r
.
T
h
e
g
r
ad
i
en
t
o
f
th
e
g
r
ap
h
is
th
e
s
teep
est
w
h
e
n
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
f
a
lls
i
n
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
f
o
u
r
to
f
i
v
e.
I
t c
an
b
e
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
is
f
i
g
u
r
e
t
h
at
th
e
ac
h
ie
v
ab
le
m
ea
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
b
y
A
C
O
i
s
h
i
g
h
er
t
h
an
t
h
at
o
f
th
e
P
FF
P
.
T
h
e
g
ap
b
etw
ee
n
th
e
s
e
t
w
o
m
ea
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
ts
g
r
o
w
s
lar
g
er
as
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
b
lo
ck
in
cr
ea
s
es.
T
h
e
m
ea
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
f
o
r
A
C
O
is
v
er
y
clo
s
e
to
t
h
e
u
p
p
er
b
o
u
n
d
w
h
ich
is
o
b
tai
n
ed
v
ia
t
h
e
e
x
h
a
u
s
tiv
e
s
ea
r
c
h
(
E
S)
m
eth
o
d
,
w
h
er
e
all
p
o
s
s
ib
le
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
s
o
f
u
s
er
p
air
in
g
s
ar
e
test
ed
to
f
in
d
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
m
ea
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t.
On
t
h
e
o
t
h
er
h
a
n
d
,
th
e
P
FF
P
m
et
h
o
d
w
h
ich
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
2
7
]
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
co
m
p
u
ta
tio
n
al
ti
m
e
an
d
lo
ad
,
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
t
o
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
e
lo
w
est
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
t
h
e
ac
h
iev
ab
le
m
ea
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t.
A
s
a
co
n
clu
s
io
n
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
A
C
O
s
ch
e
m
e
h
a
s
b
ee
n
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
b
est
u
s
er
-
p
air
s
w
h
ic
h
m
a
x
i
m
izes
t
h
e
m
ea
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t,
h
en
ce
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
clo
s
e
to
th
e
u
p
p
er
b
o
u
n
d
.
6.
F
UT
UR
E
WO
RK
T
h
is
p
ap
er
r
ev
ie
w
s
s
o
m
e
h
e
u
r
i
s
tic
m
o
d
els
w
h
ich
ar
e
p
o
ten
tia
l to
b
e
r
eg
ar
d
ed
as c
an
d
id
ate
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
s
in
NOM
A
f
o
r
d
eter
m
i
n
i
n
g
th
e
b
est
u
s
er
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
o
b
jectiv
es
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
th
is
h
e
u
r
is
tic
m
o
d
el
ar
e
to
r
e
d
u
ce
th
e
co
m
p
u
tat
io
n
al
lo
ad
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
o
f
NOM
A
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
B
ased
o
n
o
u
r
co
n
cise
r
ev
i
e
w
,
A
C
O
is
a
p
o
ten
tial
s
c
h
e
m
e
to
b
e
co
n
s
i
d
er
ed
f
o
r
NOM
A
u
s
er
s
c
h
ed
u
l
in
g
as
i
t
h
a
s
b
ee
n
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
d
to
b
e
s
u
cc
es
s
f
u
ll
y
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
f
o
r
u
s
er
g
r
o
u
p
in
g
i
n
ce
llu
lar
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
f
o
r
th
e
g
i
v
en
r
ad
io
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
.
Do
lp
h
i
n
e
ch
o
lo
ca
tio
n
is
n
o
t
s
u
itab
le
a
s
it
is
o
n
l
y
ap
p
lica
b
l
e
o
v
er
a
li
m
ited
r
an
g
e
o
f
in
p
u
t
s
p
ac
e.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
A
C
O
h
a
s
n
o
li
m
i
tatio
n
o
n
h
o
w
m
an
y
v
ar
iab
les
it
h
as
to
w
o
r
k
w
it
h
.
Fire
f
l
y
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
a
n
d
p
ar
ticle
s
w
ar
m
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
r
eq
u
ir
e
a
s
m
aller
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
b
u
t
s
o
f
ar
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
w
it
h
a
s
m
all
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
u
s
er
s
p
er
s
u
b
c
h
a
n
n
el.
T
h
e
p
r
ac
tical
s
o
lu
tio
n
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
AC
O
[
1
9
,
4
2
,
5
1
]
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
NOM
A
is
u
s
e
f
u
l
as
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
m
o
b
ile
u
s
er
s
u
s
in
g
th
e
ce
ll
u
lar
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
er
v
ices
k
ee
p
s
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
i
n
t
h
is
ag
e.
I
t
is
a
m
et
h
o
d
w
o
r
t
h
to
b
e
i
m
p
l
e
m
en
ted
an
d
f
u
r
th
er
d
ev
elo
p
ed
an
d
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
e
r
esear
ch
an
d
ac
ad
e
m
ic
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
y
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
a
f
u
r
t
h
er
s
t
u
d
y
o
n
A
C
O
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
w
it
h
NOM
A
is
th
e
w
a
y
f
o
r
w
ar
d
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
p
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f
o
r
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a
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ce
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f
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s
er
g
r
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p
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g
alo
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g
w
it
h
o
th
er
p
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ten
tiall
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e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
ts
i
n
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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1
6
9
3
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6
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T
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4
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7.
CO
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SI
O
N
C
o
m
p
u
tatio
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al
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
in
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
t
h
e
b
est
u
s
er
p
air
s
o
r
g
r
o
u
p
s
b
ec
o
m
es
a
b
ar
r
ier
o
r
ch
allen
g
e
to
ac
h
iev
e
h
i
g
h
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
i
n
NOM
A
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
an
t
-
co
lo
n
y
o
p
ti
m
iza
tio
n
(
AC
O)
is
co
n
s
i
d
er
ed
to
b
e
ap
p
lie
d
in
NOM
A
f
o
r
s
o
lv
in
g
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
.
T
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
u
s
er
s
,
wh
ich
w
i
ll
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
co
m
p
u
ta
tio
n
al
lo
ad
w
i
th
o
u
t
a
g
o
o
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
u
ch
as
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
A
C
O
-
b
a
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
is
an
in
ev
itab
le
tr
en
d
i
n
t
h
is
c
u
r
r
en
t
ag
e.
A
s
t
h
i
s
A
C
O
-
b
ased
u
s
er
g
r
o
u
p
in
g
s
c
h
e
m
e
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
w
ell
f
o
r
th
e
u
s
er
s
s
h
ar
in
g
th
e
s
a
m
e
b
an
d
w
id
th
in
S
C
-
FDM
A
an
d
OFDM
A
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
,
th
i
s
s
c
h
e
m
e
i
s
p
o
ten
tiall
y
v
iab
le
to
b
e
f
u
r
th
er
d
ev
elo
p
ed
f
o
r
th
e
f
u
t
u
r
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
s
u
c
h
as
NOM
A
in
5
G
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
an
d
b
ey
o
n
d
.
A
l
th
o
u
g
h
th
e
d
is
c
u
s
s
io
n
a
n
d
r
esu
lt i
n
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
is
li
m
ited
to
t
w
o
u
s
er
s
p
er
g
r
o
u
p
f
o
r
NOM
A
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
f
u
r
t
h
er
a
n
d
f
u
t
u
r
e
r
esear
ch
ca
n
b
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
w
h
en
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
u
s
er
s
i
s
m
o
r
e
th
an
t
w
o
p
er
g
r
o
u
p
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
e
m
p
lo
y
in
g
AC
O
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
u
s
er
g
r
o
u
p
i
n
g
f
o
r
NOM
A
w
ill ce
r
tai
n
l
y
b
e
u
s
e
f
u
l f
o
r
5
G
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
a
n
d
b
e
y
o
n
d
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
ac
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
a
n
d
th
an
k
all
th
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
Mi
n
is
tr
y
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
M
ala
y
s
ia
f
o
r
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
t
h
is
r
esear
c
h
u
n
d
er
th
e
FR
GS
f
u
n
d
,
w
ith
t
h
e
g
r
a
n
t
co
d
e
o
f
FR
GS/1
/2
0
1
9
/
T
K0
4
/
MM
U/0
2
/2
.
No
t
t
o
f
o
r
g
et
th
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
r
o
m
Facu
l
t
y
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
an
d
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Mu
lti
m
ed
ia
Un
i
v
er
s
it
y
,
as
w
el
l
as
all
o
th
er
in
d
iv
id
u
als
w
h
o
ar
e
d
ir
ec
tl
y
o
r
in
d
ir
ec
tl
y
i
n
v
o
lv
ed
in
p
r
ep
ar
in
g
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Ra
z
a
v
i
R.
,
Dia
n
a
ti
M
.
,
Im
ra
n
M
.
A
.
,
"
No
n
-
Orth
o
g
o
n
a
l
M
u
l
ti
p
le
A
c
c
e
ss
(
NO
M
A
)
f
o
r
f
u
tu
re
ra
d
io
a
c
c
e
ss
,
"
2
0
1
3
IEE
E
7
7
t
h
Veh
ic
u
la
r
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Co
n
fe
re
n
c
e
(
VT
C
S
p
rin
g
)
,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
]
L
in
H.,
S
h
i
n
W
.
Y.,
T
im
o
th
e
o
u
S
.
,
Krik
id
is
I.
,
A
l
-
im
a
ri
M
.
,
X
i
a
o
P
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
No
n
-
Ort
h
o
g
o
n
a
l
M
u
lt
i
p
le
A
c
c
e
ss
(
NO
M
A
):
Ev
o
lu
ti
o
n
to
w
a
rd
s
5
G
Ce
ll
u
lar
Ne
tw
o
rk
s
Ou
tl
i
n
e
,
2
0
1
5
.
[
O
n
li
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s:/
/d
o
i.
o
rg
/1
0
.
1
3
7
1
/j
o
u
rn
a
l.
p
o
n
e
.
0
1
6
9
9
0
2
.
[3
]
Kia
n
i
A
.
,
A
n
sa
ri
N.,
"
Ed
g
e
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
Aw
a
re
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OMA
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p
.
1
5
0
1
-
1
5
0
5
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
4
]
Hig
u
c
h
i
K.,
Be
n
jeb
b
o
u
r
A
.
,
"
No
n
-
Orth
o
g
o
n
a
l
M
u
l
ti
p
le
A
c
c
e
ss
(
NO
M
A
)
w
it
h
su
c
c
e
ss
iv
e
in
terf
e
re
n
c
e
c
a
n
c
e
ll
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
f
u
tu
re
ra
d
io
a
c
c
e
ss
,
"
IEI
CE
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
Co
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
s,
v
o
l.
E9
8
.
B,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
4
0
3
-
4
1
4
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
5
]
Din
g
Z.
,
P
e
n
g
M
.
,
P
o
o
r
H.
V
.
,
"
Co
o
p
e
ra
ti
v
e
No
n
-
Ort
h
o
g
o
n
a
l
M
u
lt
i
p
le
A
c
c
e
ss
in
5
G
S
y
ste
m
s,"
IEE
E
Co
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
s
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l.
1
9
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
1
4
6
2
-
1
4
6
5
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
6
]
Din
g
Z.
,
F
a
n
P
.
,
P
o
o
r
H.
V
.
,
"
I
m
p
a
c
t
o
f
Us
e
r
P
a
iri
n
g
o
n
5
G
No
n
o
rth
o
g
o
n
a
l
M
u
lt
ip
le
-
A
c
c
e
ss
Do
w
n
li
n
k
T
ra
n
s
m
issio
n
s,"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
Veh
ic
u
la
r
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l.
6
5
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
6
0
1
0
-
6
0
2
3
3
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
7
]
He
J.,
T
a
n
g
Z.
,
Ch
e
Z.
,
"
F
a
st
a
n
d
e
ff
icie
n
t
u
se
r
p
a
iri
n
g
a
n
d
p
o
w
e
r
a
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
n
o
n
-
o
rt
h
o
g
o
n
a
l
m
u
lt
i
p
le
a
c
c
e
s
s in
c
e
ll
u
lar n
e
tw
o
rk
s,"
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l.
0
0
,
n
o
.
0
0
,
p
p
.
1
2
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
8
]
Krik
id
is
I.
,
Be
lf
io
re
J.
C.
,
"
S
c
h
e
d
u
li
n
g
f
o
r
a
m
p
li
fy
-
a
n
d
-
f
o
r
w
a
rd
c
o
o
p
e
ra
ti
v
e
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Veh
icu
la
r
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l.
5
6
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
3
7
8
0
-
3
7
9
0
,
2
0
0
7
.
[2
9
]
Ku
m
a
r
K.,
Zi
n
d
a
n
i
D.,
Da
v
im
J.
P
.
,
Ku
m
a
r
K.,
Zi
n
d
a
n
i
D.,
Da
v
im
J.
P
.
,
"
Op
ti
m
izin
g
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
P
r
o
b
lem
s T
h
ro
u
g
h
He
u
risti
c
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s,"
M
e
tah
e
u
ri
stic,
CRC
Pre
ss
,
2
0
1
9
.
[3
0
]
Oz
te
m
e
l
E.
,
S
e
lam
A
.
A
.
,
"
Be
e
s
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
m
u
lt
i
-
m
o
d
e
,
re
so
u
rc
e
-
c
o
n
stra
i
n
e
d
p
ro
jec
t
sc
h
e
d
u
li
n
g
in
m
o
ld
in
g
in
d
u
stry
,
"
Co
mp
u
ter
s a
n
d
In
d
u
str
ia
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
1
1
2
,
p
p
.
1
8
7
-
1
9
6
,
2
0
1
7
.
[3
1
]
L
a
m
b
ias
e
A
.
,
Ia
n
n
o
n
e
R.
,
M
iran
d
a
S
.
,
L
a
m
b
ias
e
A
.
,
P
h
a
m
D.
T
.
,
"
Be
e
s
a
l
g
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
e
ff
e
c
ti
v
e
su
p
p
ly
c
h
a
in
s
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
ti
o
n
,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
f
o
r E
ff
e
c
ti
v
e
S
u
p
p
ly Ch
a
i
n
s
Co
n
fi
g
u
r
a
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
8
,
p
p
.
1
-
9
,
2
0
1
6
.
[3
2
]
Hu
ss
e
in
W
.
A
.
,
S
a
h
ra
n
S
.
,
S
h
e
ik
h
A
b
d
u
ll
a
h
S
.
N.
H.,
"
T
h
e
v
a
rian
ts
o
f
th
e
Be
e
s
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
(
B
A):
a
s
u
rv
e
y
,
"
A
rti
f
ica
l
I
n
telli
g
e
n
c
e
Re
v
ie
w
,
v
o
l.
4
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
6
7
-
1
2
1
,
2
0
1
7
.
[3
3
]
A
b
d
e
lh
a
k
i
m
A
.
M
.
,
S
a
leh
H.
I.
,
Na
ss
a
r
A
.
M
.
,
"
Qu
a
li
ty
m
e
tri
c
-
b
a
se
d
f
it
n
e
ss
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
f
o
r
ro
b
u
s
t
w
a
ter
m
a
r
k
in
g
o
p
ti
m
isa
ti
o
n
w
it
h
Be
e
s a
lg
o
rit
h
m
,
"
IET
Ima
g
e
Pr
o
c
e
ss
in
g
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[
3
4
]
L
i
u
Y
.
,
Q
i
n
Z
.
,
D
i
n
g
Z
.
,
"
A
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
I
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
c
e
(
A
I
)
E
n
a
b
l
e
d
N
O
M
A
,
"
S
p
r
i
n
g
e
r
B
r
i
e
f
s
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
,
p
p
.
8
9
-
9
4
,
2
0
1
9
.
[3
5
]
M
h
u
d
to
n
g
o
n
N.
,
P
h
o
n
g
c
h
a
ro
e
n
p
a
n
ich
C.
,
Ka
w
d
u
n
g
ta
S
.
,
"
M
o
d
if
ied
F
ru
it
F
ly
Op
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
L
a
r
g
e
A
n
ten
n
a
A
rra
y
,
"
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
A
n
ten
n
a
s P
r
o
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
2
0
1
5
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
1
,
2
0
1
5
.
[3
6
]
S
a
k
a
M
.
P
.
,
Do
ǧ
a
n
E.
,
Ay
d
o
g
d
u
I.
,
"
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
S
w
a
r
m
In
telli
g
e
n
c
e
-
Ba
se
d
A
l
g
o
rit
h
m
s
f
o
r
Co
n
stra
in
e
d
Op
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
,
"
S
w
a
r
m
In
tell.
Bio
-
I
n
sp
ired
Co
m
p
u
t.
,
I
n
b
o
o
k
:
S
w
a
r
m
In
telli
g
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
Bi
o
-
In
s
p
ire
d
Co
m
p
u
tatio
n
,
C
h
a
p
ter:
1
0
,
p
p
.
2
5
-
4
8
,
2
0
1
3
.
[3
7
]
G
a
r
c
ia C.
E.
,
Ca
m
a
n
a
M
.
R.
,
Ko
o
I.
,
Ra
h
m
a
n
M
.
A
.
,
"
P
a
rti
c
le S
w
a
rm
Op
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
-
Ba
se
d
P
o
w
e
r
A
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
S
c
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
S
e
c
re
c
y
S
u
m
Ra
te
M
a
x
i
m
iza
t
io
n
i
n
NO
M
A
w
it
h
Co
o
p
e
ra
ti
v
e
Re
la
y
in
g
,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
I
n
telli
g
e
n
t
Co
mp
u
t
in
g
,
2
0
1
9
.
[3
8
]
G
u
o
Y.
X
.
,
L
i
H.
,
"
A
p
o
w
e
r
a
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
m
e
th
o
d
b
a
se
d
o
n
p
a
rti
c
le
s
w
a
r
m
a
l
g
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
NO
M
A
d
o
wn
li
n
k
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,"
Fi
rs
t
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
d
Al
g
o
rit
h
ms
a
n
d
C
o
n
tro
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
2
0
1
8
.
[3
9
]
A
d
a
n
i
y
a
M
.
H.
A
.
C.
,
Ca
rv
a
lh
o
L
.
F
.
,
Zarp
e
lão
B.
B
.
,
S
a
m
p
a
io
L
.
D.
H.,
A
b
rã
o
T
.
,
Je
s
z
e
n
sk
y
P
.
J.
E.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
F
iref
l
y
A
l
g
o
rit
h
m
in
T
e
lec
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s,"
Bio
-
In
sp
ire
d
Co
m
p
u
t
.
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
.
,
p
p
.
4
3
-
7
2
,
2
0
1
5
.
[4
0
]
Ka
v
e
h
A
.
,
F
a
rh
o
u
d
i
N.,
"
Do
lp
h
in
e
c
h
o
lo
c
a
ti
o
n
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
:
Co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
se
a
rc
h
sp
a
c
e
,
"
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
s
in
Co
mp
u
t
a
ti
o
n
a
l
De
sig
n
,
v
o
l.
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
7
5
-
1
9
4
,
2
0
1
6
.
[4
1
]
S
i
Z.
,
Do
n
g
B.
,
W
e
n
S
.
,
"
S
p
a
ti
a
ll
y
-
Co
u
p
led
P
ro
t
o
g
ra
p
h
f
o
r
NO
M
A
Op
ti
m
ize
d
b
y
th
e
G
e
n
e
ti
c
A
l
g
o
rit
h
m
,
"
IEE
E
Acc
e
ss
,
v
o
l.
7
,
p
p
.
1
2
9
1
7
4
-
82
,
2
0
1
9
.
[4
2
]
Bin
Ha
m
z
a
h
M
.
H.,
Bi
n
A
b
G
h
a
n
i
H.,
"
En
e
rg
y
-
li
m
it
e
d
a
n
t
c
o
lo
n
y
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
w
it
h
c
o
o
p
e
ra
ti
v
e
tra
n
sm
issio
n
,
"
2
0
1
4
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
C
o
mp
u
ter
,
C
o
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
s,
a
n
d
C
o
n
t
ro
l
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
I4
CT
),
2
0
1
4
.
[4
3
]
S
u
d
h
a
k
a
r
C.
,
Ja
in
R.
,
Ra
m
e
sh
T
.
,
"
Clo
u
d
l
o
a
d
b
a
lan
c
in
g
-
Ho
n
e
y
b
e
e
s
in
sp
ired
e
f
fe
c
ti
v
e
re
q
u
e
st
b
a
la
n
c
in
g
stra
teg
y
,
"
2
0
1
8
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
,
Po
we
r a
n
d
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
(
GU
CON)
,
2
0
1
8
.
[4
4
]
S
e
lv
i
V
.
,
Um
a
ra
n
i
D.
R.
,
"
Co
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
A
n
t
Co
lo
n
y
a
n
d
P
a
rti
c
le
S
w
a
r
m
Op
ti
m
iz
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s,"
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
C
o
mp
u
ter
Ap
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s,
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
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