TELKOM
NIKA
, Vol.14, No
.2, June 20
16
, pp. 762~7
7
1
ISSN: 1693-6
930,
accredited
A
by DIKTI, De
cree No: 58/DIK
T
I/Kep/2013
DOI
:
10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v14i1.3498
762
Re
cei
v
ed Fe
brua
ry 23, 20
16; Re
vised
Ap
ril 11, 201
5; Acce
pted
April 25, 201
6
Telemonitoring Temperature and Humidity at
Bio-energy Process using Smart Phones
Seno D Panj
aitan*
1
, Nov
i
anda Fra
t
am
a
2
, Ar
y
a
nto
Har
t
o
y
o
3
, Rudi Kurnianto
4
1,3,
4
Department
of Electrical E
ngi
neer
in
g, T
a
nj
u
ngp
ura U
n
iv
ersit
y
, Po
ntian
a
k, Indon
esia
2
PT
.
W
e
ll Harv
est W
i
nnin
g
Al
umin
a Refin
e
r
y
, Indonesi
a
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
: seno.pa
nj
aita
n@e
e
.unta
n
.ac
.
id
A
b
st
r
a
ct
Bio-e
nergy fro
m
bi
og
as can
be prod
uced
throug
h an
aer
obic di
gesti
on
of either org
anic sol
i
d
w
a
ste or w
a
stew
ater. Energ
y
producti
on process in
the
digester is h
o
w
e
ver someti
mes h
a
rd to be
mo
nitor
ed
du
e
to man
ual
me
a
s
ure
m
e
n
t, othe
rw
ise it n
e
e
d
s
a h
i
gh
tech
no
lo
gy re
quir
i
ng
a
hig
h
cost
bu
dg
et.
T
h
is p
aper
pre
s
ents a
low
co
st techno
logy
to
mo
nito
r
th
e process by usi
ng
A
ndro
i
d ba
sed
s
m
art ph
o
n
e
s
w
h
ich can e
a
sil
y
be inte
grate
d
in hu
man d
a
ily
activity. A
progra
m
w
a
s bui
lt by usin
g Ecli
ps
e in or
der to gi
ve
send/rec
e
ive c
o
mman
d
to/from the
har
dw
are an
d dis
p
lay t
he
me
asure
m
e
n
t data o
n
the
register
ed s
m
a
r
t
pho
nes. T
he measur
e
m
ent co
ntroll
er w
a
s put at the anaero
b
i
c dig
e
ster to
record te
mp
erat
ure an
d Rel
a
tiv
e
Hu
mid
i
ty (RH)
data to
me
mor
y
card an
d to trans
mit t
he d
a
ta to smart p
h
o
nes. In the exp
e
ri
ment w
i
th 2
0
data sa
mp
les, me
an errors w
e
re rep
e
ctively
-0.317
o
C, 0.932
o
C, and 1
,
378 % for temp
eratur
e sen
s
or
LM35, a
nd te
mperatur
e an
d R
H
sensor
usin
g
SHT
11. Mean
square
d
error
for LM35 w
a
s
0.373
o
C a
nd f
o
r
SHT
11 w
a
s
1.117
o
C and
2.629 % for
tem
p
erat
ur
e and RH r
e
spectiv
e
ly. The syst
em
has
been
also
imple
m
ente
d
i
n
the
rea
l
ana
e
r
obic
di
gester.
Electrical
e
ner
gy co
nsu
m
pti
o
n w
a
s 0.6
2
3
W
h
w
i
th 3
0
mi
nu
tes
cycle time an
d one
mi
nute sa
mp
lin
g time.
Ke
y
w
ords
: Re
new
abl
e en
erg
y
, T
e
lemetry, A
ndro
i
d, Auto
ma
tion, Anaer
ob
ic
digesti
on
Copy
right
©
2016 Un
ive
r
sita
s Ah
mad
Dah
l
an
. All rig
h
t
s r
ese
rved
.
1. Introduc
tion
Biogas i
s
on
e of the rene
wabl
e ene
rgy
source
s whi
c
h is currentl
y
receiving in
cre
a
sed
attention mai
n
ly due to its
high ele
c
tri
c
a
l
effici
ency a
nd low
enviro
n
mental imp
a
c
t [1] as well
as
to sub
s
titute
or at le
ast to
redu
ce th
e u
s
e of
conve
n
tional fo
ssil fu
els. Bioga
s m
a
inly co
nsi
s
ts of
Methane pro
duced
fro
m
anae
robi
c
d
e
c
omp
o
sitio
n
of orga
nic
waste in
a co
ntrolled l
andf
ill
rep
r
e
s
entin
g as a dig
e
ste
r
. Methane p
o
tentially
co
mposes bi
o-energy whi
c
h
can be u
s
e
d
to
gene
rate el
e
c
tri
c
ity and h
eat, or even t
r
an
sform
ed i
n
to other
kin
d
of ene
rgy. Tempe
r
atu
r
e
and
relative humi
d
ity (RH) hav
e an impo
rta
n
t role in bio
gas fe
rmenta
t
ion [2]. The poten
cy anal
ysi
s
example of a bioga
s produ
ction with a case
study
in landfill Pontia
nak Indo
ne
si
a can be
see
n
in
[3]. Data of tempe
r
ature a
nd RH are n
e
ce
ssary to
a
nalyze the bi
o-en
ergy syst
em reg
a
rdi
n
g
its
appli
c
ation fo
r bio
g
a
s
en
ergy system
s [
4
]. Along
wit
h
the rapid
d
e
velopme
n
t o
f
technol
ogy
and
the increa
sin
g
huma
n
mob
ility, supervisi
on and
data
a
c
qui
sition of a
pro
c
e
ss i
s
ve
ry importa
nt to
be do
ne. Tel
e
metry sy
ste
m
as
remote
measurem
ent
system
can
be ap
plied fo
r these
purpo
ses.
This
system
can im
prove
the efficien
cy
and e
a
se su
pervisi
on a
n
d
data a
c
qui
sit
i
on the e
nergy
prod
uctio
n
proce
s
s in ana
erobi
c dig
e
st
er anywhe
r
e
and anytime.
Ho
wever, the
use of
curre
n
t sophi
sticated tech
nolo
g
y
has raise
d
the pro
b
lem
for the
impleme
n
tation of sup
e
rvi
s
ion a
nd data
acqui
siton
in
terms of tele
monitori
ng bi
o-en
ergy pro
c
e
s
s
in anae
robi
c system
s op
erated in d
e
v
eloping
cou
n
tries. Hi
gh
capital b
udg
et and lack of
techni
cal capabilities on
using
the technology are th
e most com
m
on reasons. Building a
new
comm
uni
cati
on infrastu
ru
cture
is al
so
anothe
r p
r
obl
em to b
e
sol
v
ed, sin
c
e
m
any lo
cation
s in
developin
g
countrie
s
lacki
ng of
co
mmu
nicatio
n
infr
a
s
tru
c
ture. Th
erefo
r
e, a
lo
w
co
st te
chn
o
logy
for telemonitoring the process
will economically be acceptabl
e to be used in developing
cou
n
trie
s. Th
e technolo
g
y ha
s to
con
s
i
der th
e
com
m
on inf
r
ast
r
u
c
ture
availa
bl
e at the l
o
cation
where the sy
stem will be i
m
plemented.
A solutio
n
p
r
opo
sed i
n
thi
s
p
ape
r i
s
to
use
Android
-
based
sma
r
t
phon
e a
s
a
reade
r of
the telemetri
c
temp
eratu
r
e and
RH a
t
anae
robi
c
system. Sma
r
t pho
ne b
a
sed
on An
droid
operating
system (OS
)
u
s
ed in thi
s
re
search
sin
c
e
it is
one
of th
e po
pula
r
OS
whi
c
h
co
ntro
ls
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
1693-6
930
Telem
onitorin
g
Tem
peratu
r
e and Hum
i
dity at Bio-ene
rgy Pro
c
e
s
s u
s
ing
…
(Sen
o D Panjaitan
)
763
about 80% of
global
sma
r
tphon
e marke
t
for the la
st
several years even re
ach 84.7% in the
3rd
quarte
r
of 20
15 [5]. Thi
s
ki
nd of
sma
r
t p
hone
ha
s b
e
e
n
u
s
ed
domi
n
antly in devel
oping
co
untri
es
due to the
si
mplicity to ge
t the application install
e
rs
whi
c
h a
r
e mo
stly free of ch
arge. And
r
oi
d
is
an o
pen
sou
r
ce
programm
i
ng that
ca
n b
e
mo
difi
ed to
add
unavail
a
ble featu
r
e
s
.
Since
it is op
en
to be devel
o
ped, the
ap
plicatio
n extensi
on i
s
re
stri
cted by h
u
man
pro
g
ra
ming
capa
bil
i
ty.
Telemetry
sy
stem
s using
Androi
d i
s
still not
co
mm
only used. By
consi
d
ering its
advantages,
mobile
telem
e
try sy
stems usi
ng A
ndro
i
d is pote
n
tia
lly to be
dev
elope
d in
o
r
der to
solve
the
probl
em of the conve
n
tion
al techn
o
logy
. In
fact, me
asu
r
em
ent of temperatu
r
e
and RH at the
anae
robi
c dig
e
ster i
s
ge
ne
rally still don
e manu
ally
espe
cially in d
e
veloping
co
untrie
s
, su
ch
a
s
landfill in
Ind
one
sia
and
a
l
so i
n
p
r
evio
us
re
se
arch
[6, 7]. The
mobile
monit
o
ring
system
will
improve effici
ency an
d ca
p
ability of the
analysi
s
.
There ha
s be
en seve
ral te
lemetry syst
e
m
s no
n-An
droid ba
sed
de
veloped o
n
d
i
fferent
appli
c
ation
s
throu
gh va
rio
u
s te
chn
o
logi
es. An ex
am
ple of ap
plication of tele
monitori
ng u
s
in
g
web
-
SCA
D
A (Supe
rviso
r
y Control and
Data Acq
u
is
it
ion) to monit
o
r win
d
-phot
o voltaic po
wer
system
can
be se
en in [
8
]. SCADA is one
of t
he sophi
sticate
d
techn
o
logy
, some p
r
obl
ems
mentione
d ea
lier may rai
s
e
for the imple
m
entati
on in
developin
g
countrie
s
. A telemetry syste
m
based o
n
We
b interafece i
s
p
r
op
osed to
mea
s
u
r
e the
tempe
r
ature
can
be
se
en i
n
[9] on th
e h
o
t
steam
divert
er
pipe
via
Radio-Fre
que
n
c
y Identif
ication
(RFI
D) wi
th sh
ort
mea
s
ureme
n
t ran
g
e
and in
[10] o
n
the hig
h
-volt
age e
quip
m
e
n
t. Simila
r to
the web-S
C
A
D
A, t
hese system
s
al
so n
eed
serve
r
to
sup
port th
e
Web
.
Furth
e
rm
ore, teleme
try
system
ba
se
d on
Java
M
E
(Mi
c
ro
Edit
ion)
has b
een p
r
o
posed in [11]
. Although Ja
va ME is
ope
n sou
r
ce, but the hard
w
a
r
e spe
c
ificatio
ns
based on
Jav
a
ME phon
es lowe
r than
o
n
pho
nes
wi
t
h
Android op
erating
syste
m
, and al
so l
e
ss
popul
ar than
Androi
d pho
n
e
s, espe
cially
in developin
g
cou
n
trie
s.
I
n
many
st
ud
ies of
t
e
leme
t
r
y
sy
st
ems t
hat have be
en pre
s
e
n
ted
,
telemetry systems
usin
g And
r
oi
d ba
sed
pho
ne a
s
the int
e
rface is
still
not co
mmon
l
y found. Each of re
se
arch
ers
use
d
vari
ou
s in delive
r
y
of mea
s
u
r
e
m
ent dat
a,
and the
diffe
ren
c
e fo
rm
of hardware
and
softwa
r
e
as
well a
s
th
e p
a
ram
e
ters m
easure
d
. A
te
lemetry
syste
m
with An
dro
i
d usi
ng
effici
ent
transmissio
n
techni
que
s h
a
s b
een
de
si
gned i
n
[12] t
h
rou
gh T
m
ot
e Sky an
d u
s
i
ng wi
rele
ss lo
cal
area
net
wo
rk (WLAN) a
s
a commu
nica
tion devi
c
e
t
o
And
r
oid, it
had
drawba
cks
on
dista
n
ce
limitations
of WLAN coverage a
nd p
o
wer
con
s
um
pt
ion la
rge
ele
c
tric
WLAN de
vices. Blu
e
to
oth
wa
s u
s
e
d
in
[13] as th
e
communi
catio
n
to
the An
droid devi
c
e, to
gether with
WLAN, Bl
uet
ooth
has
a ra
nge
sho
r
ter t
r
an
smissi
on
ran
g
e
of abo
ut 1
0
meters, alt
houg
h the el
ectri
c
po
we
r
use
d
more
spari
n
g
l
y. One of th
e commu
nica
tions m
edia
that ha
s
a b
r
oad
rea
c
h
a
nd a
w
ay i
s
t
he
internet, such
as p
r
e
s
ente
d
in [14]. Yet it
needed
a WEB se
rver
and the
co
st of hosting
a
WEB
Server
whi
c
h
is not ch
eap
[15]. SMS G
a
teway ha
s b
een u
s
ed in [
15] as the lin
k to the Androi
d
device mi
cro
c
ontrolle
r. SMS has an e
x
tensive net
work an
d do
es not re
quire WEB Server a
s
SMS already
has it
s own service
ce
nter
provide
d
by the provider.
More
over, its interface to the
microcontroll
er is e
a
si
er t
o
be don
e. In the
cu
rre
nt research
es
about
the st
udy of telemetry
system
s u
s
in
g And
r
oid
-
ba
sed
pho
ne, th
e interfa
c
e
on
Android a
ppl
ication
wa
s
d
e
sig
ned to
ha
ve
a sim
p
le
sh
a
pe
su
ch
as i
n
[12-15]. Th
ose
pa
pers
h
o
weve
r d
e
scribe the
mea
s
urem
ent of
d
a
ta
without th
e ti
me di
splay
of
mea
s
u
r
em
e
n
t and
not
in
the form
of ta
bles o
r
g
r
ap
h
s
, while i
n
[1
4], it
did not sho
w
what kind o
f
interface which wa
s
cre
a
ted. Anothe
r exam
ple of
applicatio
n of
Androi
d for o
n
line monito
ri
ng in Agri
cult
ure an
d Biom
edical Engine
ering
can b
e
see
n
in [16-2
1
].
In the mentioned ap
plicati
on, it can be
seen
that th
ere is
rare a
pplication of Androi
d
based
sma
r
tp
hone
s me
asu
r
eme
n
t syste
m
s in
anae
ro
bi
c di
ge
ster t
o
monito
r the
bioga
s e
nergy
prod
uctio
n
p
r
oce
s
s. Thi
s
pape
r
will p
r
ese
n
t an
aut
onomo
u
s mo
nitoring
sy
ste
m
rel
a
ted to
this
appli
c
ation.
To facilitate
retrieval
of d
a
ta mea
s
u
r
e
m
ent, a tele
metry sy
ste
m
wo
uld
be
very
helpful. In
th
e p
r
e
s
ente
d
pape
r, the
de
veloped
tele
metry sy
stem
co
uld
re
co
rd
data
thro
ugh
the
appli
c
ation
to
be
availabl
e
for a
c
q
u
isitio
n on
And
r
oid
sma
r
tpho
ne
s
and
wa
s also
bein
g
e
quip
p
ed
with a data
storag
e medi
a su
ch a
s
Secu
re Digital
(SD) Ca
rd on the
hard
w
a
r
e pa
rt. Later on, th
e
interp
retation
of the data ca
n be used for
su
p
e
rvisi
on to the system
con
d
itioning.
2. Rese
arch
Metho
d
Figure 1 sh
o
w
s a
schema
t
ic diagram of
the
develope
d telemetri
c
measurement
system
for tempe
r
atu
r
e an
d RH. T
here
are t
w
o
parts
ba
sed
on the lo
cati
on whi
c
h
are
acce
ss m
o
d
u
le
and m
e
a
s
ure
m
ent mod
u
le.
Access m
o
d
u
le is
pu
rpo
s
ed to receive
the mea
s
u
r
e
m
ent data
wh
ich
later on
will b
e
pro
c
e
s
sed
and di
splay o
n
Android ba
sed
sma
r
t ph
one
s or ta
blet
s. Mea
s
u
r
em
ent
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 16
93-6
930
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 14, No. 2, June 20
16 : 762 – 77
1
764
module h
a
s
main functio
n
s
to get the data throug
h sensor ci
rcuits, to proce
s
s the data thro
u
g
h
microcontroll
er, to displ
a
y the data usi
n
g liquid
cryst
a
l displ
a
y (L
CD) and to transmit the d
a
t
a to
sma
r
t ph
one
(s) with th
e m
obile
numb
e
r that ha
s
be
en
set in
the
micro
c
ontroll
er. Th
e
syste
m
desi
gn was di
vided into two
parts: ha
rd
ware an
d software.
Figure 1. Autonomo
u
s tele
metric m
easu
r
eme
n
t syste
m
2.1. Hard
w
a
r
e
Design
The ha
rd
wa
re con
s
i
s
ts o
f
control
system comp
on
ents (i.e. co
ntrolle
r, sen
s
or an
d
displ
a
y) an
d
comm
unication. Some compon
ents
a
r
e expli
c
itly displ
a
yed in
Figure 1. T
he
controlle
r wa
s de
sign
ed b
y
using AVR
microcont
roll
er ATMeg
a
1
284P with b
a
s
ic p
r
o
g
ra
m
m
ing
langu
age u
s
i
ng Bascom
AVR Software. A minimu
m circuit mi
cro
c
o
n
troll
e
r base
s
o
n
the
cal
c
ulatio
n of powe
r
su
ppl
y using Ohm
law and
requi
red cl
ock. A Whe
a
tston
e
bridg
e
circuit
has
also
bee
n u
s
ed for volta
g
e
re
gulation.
The a
nalog
to digital
con
v
erter
(ADC) wa
s ap
plied
to
make the m
e
asu
r
em
ent si
gnal can be
computed in th
e microcontro
ller.
There are th
ree paramete
r
s mea
s
u
r
ed,
i.e.
temperat
ure out
side a
nd insi
de the
bioga
s
dige
ster, a
s
well
as the
RH aroun
d t
he di
ge
ster.
Comm
uni
cati
on b
e
twe
en t
he mi
crocont
rolle
r
and A
ndroid
use
d
Wave
co
m M13
06B
G
S
M mod
e
m vi
a Sho
r
t Me
ssage S
e
rvice
(SMS) Gate
way.
Telemetry i
n
terface o
n
An
droid
ap
plication i
s
ma
de
by software
that ha
s
been
integrated
wit
h
Java Eclip
se
Android
De
velopment T
ools (A
DT
) Plug-in, an
d
use the Ja
va prog
ram
m
ing
langu
age and
XML.
LM3
5
sen
s
o
r
i
s
wra
pped with
stai
nless steel probe
a
s
a tem
peratu
r
e
se
nso
r
insid
e
the di
g
e
ster,
and S
H
T11
as tem
peratu
r
e
and
RH
se
nsor
outsid
e
the d
i
geste
r. Fo
r d
a
ta
stora
ge m
edi
a used Se
cu
re Digital
Me
mory Card (S
D Card) th
at i
s
comp
atible
with Multi M
e
dia
Card (MM
C
). The SD card
was to a
c
co
mmodate th
e
data before it was sent to
be use
d
as t
h
e
backu
p data
that can b
e
retri
e
ved at
any time
a
nd ma
ke
it
easi
e
r fo
r lo
ng-di
stan
ce
data
transmissio
n
in the fo
rm
of data
pa
ckets. The m
a
ximu
m ca
pa
city of SD
Ca
rd
use
d
mea
s
u
r
in
g
8
GB. Applicati
ons
built impl
emented fo
r t
he And
r
oid
smart ph
one
d
e
vice
s eq
ual
or ab
ove version
2.1 (Eclai
r) a
nd doe
s not a
ddre
s
s
the co
st of sendi
ng
an SMS.
The main po
wer
sup
p
ly use
s
a battery
12 V placed
at the location of measu
r
eme
n
t.
Microcontroll
er, RT
C DS1
307, SH
T11
sensors, and sensor DS1
8
B
20 had a wo
rking voltage
of 5
V, while the
SD ca
rd
req
u
ire
s
a volta
ge of 3.
3 V. Therefore, th
e SD Card n
eede
d a voltag
e
regul
ator IC
Low Drop
out
Re
gulato
r
(LDO
)
wi
th type L
7850
to
5 V an
d AIC1722A
-33P t
o
a
voltage of 3.3
volts. The mi
cro
c
o
n
troll
e
r
has
a
logi
c v
o
ltage of 5 v
o
lts on
co
ndit
i
on HIG
H
. While
the SD ca
rd
2.8 volts to 3.6 volts to sati
sfy t
he
con
d
itions HIGH. Consequ
ently, to avoid pote
n
cy
of damagin
g
the SD ca
rd, a
voltage divider wa
s impl
e
m
ented.
In ord
e
r to
save the date
and time
when the
syst
em is
run
n
in
g but po
we
r
sup
p
ly is
turned off, a Lithium Cell 3 V battery was used.
Com
m
unication wi
th a convenient SD Card used
a Serial Peri
p
heral Inte
rface (SPI).
Modem u
s
e
d
was on
e type of mode
m Fastra
ck M1306B
Wa
vecom. It support
s
AT-
Comm
and
communi
catio
n
with RS
232 seri
al output. There are diffe
rent level
s
of
comm
uni
cati
ons u
s
ing
thi
s
m
odem, th
erefo
r
e I
C
M
AX232 u
s
e
d
as
an i
n
terfa
c
e i
n
o
r
de
r t
o
be
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
1693-6
930
Telem
onitorin
g
Tem
peratu
r
e and Hum
i
dity at Bio-ene
rgy Pro
c
e
s
s u
s
ing
…
(Sen
o D Panjaitan
)
765
able to
comm
unicate prope
rly. The IC
ha
s pin
s
TX a
n
d
RX
RS232
for tran
smittin
g
and
re
ceivi
n
g
data
re
spe
c
tively. They are then
conn
e
c
ted to
the
pi
n TX
and
RX
mod
e
m GS
M null
-
mod
e
m
o
r
TX and
RX
crosse
d e
a
ch
other
as if th
e co
mm
uni
ca
tion is
done
by two the
same e
quipm
ent
without any control
si
gnal.
To se
t
the
communi
catio
n
at th
e
sam
e
spee
d
(i.e. 960
0
bp
s), t
h
e
modem a
nd t
he micro
c
ont
roller mu
st the
n
be set the same
com
m
u
n
icatio
n sp
ee
d. Default ba
ud
rate mode
m
M1306B is 115200 b
p
s
, but with 8 MHz crystal used i
n
micro
c
o
n
troller
comm
uni
cati
on sp
eed, it is not po
ssibl
e
. Theref
o
r
e the
spe
ed
of the
modem must
be set back.
Rea
r
rang
eme
n
t of sp
eed
baud
rate
was d
one
usi
n
g AT-Comm
a
nd AT
+ CIF
R
= 960
0. T
he
order is tem
porary speed conf
iguration means that do not
already stored i
n
the EEPROM
memory
modem, and if the powe
r
supply is turned
off, the conf
i
guration will re
turn to 115200
bps
. Storage s
peed s
e
ttings
in EEPROM us
es
AT
-Command AT & W. Relations
bet
ween the
modem
and t
he micro
c
ont
roller
wa
s pe
rforme
d only
u
s
ing
pin TX a
nd RX
withou
t involving pin
wirin
g
config
uration
control so both
must u
s
e
a
null-mode
m
co
nfiguratio
n, wh
erei
n t
h
is
config
uratio
n cro
s
sing the
cabl
es bet
we
en TX
and RX. Moreover, type of communication Dall
as-
Maxim DS13
07 (Interfa
ce
to the micro
c
ontrolle
r)
Rea
l
Time Clo
ck
(RT
C
) i
s
I2C.
ATmega12
8
4
P
has
ha
rdware I2C
on its port. RTC
DS130
7 requ
ires
two
pie
c
es of
pull-up
re
sisto
r
s. X
T
AL
(Crystal)
with value 32.76
8 kHz was u
s
e
d
.
LM35 tem
p
e
r
ature sen
s
o
r
ha
s an
an
alog o
u
t
put
sign
al so th
at ADC i
s
required.
ATmega1
284
P microcontroller
ha
s an
i
n
ternal
10
-bit
ADC po
rt. In this
re
sea
r
ch
, the se
nsor
wa
s
con
n
e
c
ted th
at port. The
sensor
wa
s th
en wrap
ped
usin
g a p
r
ob
e made
of st
ainle
ss
steel
to b
e
water p
r
oof.
RH is
a ratio
de
scribin
g
a
perce
ntage
of the a
c
tual
wate
r vap
o
r pre
s
su
re to
the
saturated vap
o
r pre
s
su
re a
t
a certain temperature [2
2]. Meanwhil
e
, accordi
ng to Damia
n
, et
al.
[23], RH i
s
t
he pe
rcenta
g
e
of saturate
d vapo
r p
r
e
s
sure
whi
c
h
descri
b
e
s
th
e a
c
tual vap
o
r
pre
s
sure, in
other word
s
the ratio of
air
humid
ity i
n
the
atmo
sphere
at the
mome
nt
with a
maximum
hu
midity that ca
n be
a
c
comm
odated
by the
atmo
sph
e
re.
RH p
e
rce
n
ta
ge i
s
cal
c
ulat
ed
as
follows
,
∗
100%
(1)
w
h
er
e
p(H2O
)
:
partial p
r
e
s
su
re of wate
r vapor in the mix
t
ure
p*(H2O
)
:
saturated vap
o
r pressu
re o
f
water in the
mixture
Furthe
rmo
r
e,
to conne
ct the se
nsor a
n
d
microcontroller ATme
ga
1284P to tem
peratu
r
e
and
RH sen
s
or nam
ely
SHT11, t
w
o-wire
Seri
al i
n
terface
com
m
unication
wa
s u
s
ed. T
h
is
comm
uni
cati
on requi
re
s t
w
o
pin
s
fro
m
one mi
cro
c
on
troller po
rt. Pull-up
an
d p
u
l
l
-do
w
n
re
si
stors
were u
s
e
d
to
cre
a
te
a lo
gic state
on
the
path
HI
GH DATA fixed on
the conditio
n
s
whe
n
the
r
e
is
no sig
nal fro
m
the micro
c
ontrolle
r. The
converse
p
u
l
l
-do
w
n re
si
stor to make logic state on li
ne
CLK (clock) become
s
low when no
si
gnal from
th
e microcontroller. Sensor SHT11 use
d
a
module n
a
m
ed artificial Innovative Electro
n
ics
DT
-Sense SHT1
1. This modu
le alrea
d
y has a
pull-u
p
and p
u
ll-do
wn
re
sistors.
2.2. Soft
w
a
r
e
Design
There a
r
e two main
part
s
in software
des
i
gn, which are
micro
c
ontrolle
r a
n
d
android
-
based smart
phon
e pro
g
ramming. In
gene
ral, the
workin
g co
nfiguratio
n o
f
the telemetric
measurement
syste
m
can
be
set
offline an
d o
n
line
.
Offline setting typically
use
compute
r
s
c
ontain readers
and writers pr
ogram for
the EEPROM mic
r
oc
ontr
oller s
i
nc
e the parameters
are
comm
only
stored
in it. In t
he research
pre
s
ente
d
in
this
pape
r, the
offline setting was
not
carrie
d
out usi
ng a
compute
r
but
throug
h file i
n
the SD
card co
ntaining
a few line
s
o
f
code. Th
e file
woul
d al
way
s
be
re
ad
by
the mi
cro
c
o
n
t
roller in th
e
begin
n
ing
an
d then
the
p
a
ram
e
ters
were
s
t
ored in the EEPROM.
A
config.ini
file emb
edd
ed
in the S
D
Card
used
as
a control
of t
he
autonom
ou
s telemetri
c
me
asu
r
em
ent sy
stem. For i
n
st
anc
e, the first
line in co
ding
in this file wa
s
the sam
p
ling
time of reco
rding
data to
the SD
Ca
rd in minute,
while the
se
cond line
wa
s the
reci
pient of a numbe
r of Android p
hon
es.
At the beginn
ing micro
c
ont
rolle
r turn
ed
on, it
will che
ck
and read t
he existen
c
e
of this
file. Rea
d
ing
wa
s t
hen
p
e
rform
e
d
seq
uentially lin
e
by line
and
the info
rmatio
n was sto
r
e
d
in
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 16
93-6
930
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 14, No. 2, June 20
16 : 762 – 77
1
766
each vari
able
to be
used i
n
the
next al
gorithm. T
he
softwa
r
e i
n
th
e micro
c
o
n
tro
ller
con
s
i
s
ted
of
several mai
n
function
su
ch as
acquiri
n
g
the ne
ce
ssary data,
storing data
and
sen
d
ing it. T
he
codi
ng
was
built by using
BASCOM AV
R program
m
i
ng language.
The coding
consi
s
ted
of two
algorith
m
, n
a
mely main
and inte
rrupt
ion alg
o
ri
thm
(SMS
confi
guratio
n a
n
d
com
m
an
ds in
Androi
d appli
c
ation
)
. On startup
process, microcontrolle
r did
conf
iguratio
n whi
c
h is m
a
inly fo
r
external equi
pment su
ch as GSM
m
o
d
e
m,
inter
nal t
e
mpe
r
ature
sensors a
nd
d
e
vice
s u
s
e
d
t
o
detect in
comi
ng SMS interruption
s
. As l
ong a
s
th
e
r
e
is no i
n
terru
p
tion of the
microcontroll
e
r
perfo
rming
routine
activities
of readin
g
time
a
nd
date, tempe
r
ature
and
RH d
a
ta fro
m
th
e
s
e
ns
or
s
.
There was
al
so inte
rrupt routine p
r
og
ra
m.
This p
r
o
g
r
am
wa
s me
ant to ch
ang
e so
me
system confi
guratio
ns via
remotely usi
ng SMS c
ont
aining spe
c
ific text. Interrupt vector RS
232
w
a
s
tu
r
n
ed
o
n
s
i
nc
e
th
e mic
r
oc
on
tr
o
l
le
r
s
t
ar
t
ed u
p
. It was used to detect
the rece
ptio
n of
cha
r
a
c
ters from the mo
de
m. If there are ch
ara
c
te
rs
sent by mo
d
e
m to a mi
croco
n
trolle
r, then
the interrupt
vector woul
d ca
rry
out routine che
c
ks
to kno
w
the
conte
n
ts.
Cha
r
a
c
ter AT
-
Comm
and
in
dicatin
g
the
i
n
comi
ng SM
S is "AT
+ CNMI
". If it is
c
o
rrec
t, then
it is followed
with
readi
ng SMS (AT + CMG
R
). On
ce the
mobile num
ber is mat
c
hi
ng, the cont
ent of SMS is
compared wit
h
an SMS code stored in t
he EEPR
OM
to determine which comm
and to be
run.
The co
mman
d
cod
e
s a
r
e li
sted in Tabl
e 1.
Table 1. Co
m
m
and list for I
n
terruption ro
utine
No
Tex
t
comma
nd
Command
1
#RST
Reset microcontr
o
ller
2
#10 minutes
Send measured
data in the last 10 minutes
3
#30 minutes
Send measured
data in the last 30 minutes
4
#n
Change samplin
g time (n), 1
≤
n
≤
59
There are t
h
ree thin
gs
to do in the interru
pt ro
utine algo
rith
m. Firstly, reset the
microcontroll
er i
s
p
e
rfo
r
m
ed
since the
possibility
of
error i
n
the
seque
nce of
software
ste
p
s that
can m
e
ss u
p
the system
so that it nee
ds to re
sta
r
t the process from t
he be
gin
n
ing. Second
ly,
the delivery
of data, this i
s
do
ne to
sta
r
t se
n
d
ing th
e mea
s
u
r
em
ent data to t
he sm
art p
h
o
ne.
Thirdly, chan
ging the
sam
p
ling time of
data re
co
rdin
g of tempe
r
at
ure a
nd
RH, i
t
does n
o
t al
ways
take the sam
e
sampli
ng d
u
ring o
p
e
r
atio
n.
The a
ppli
c
ati
on inte
rface
wa
s d
e
sig
n
e
d
in th
e
form of a
c
tivities that
have
spe
c
ific
function
s in
a
c
cord
an
ce
wi
th the existin
g
pro
c
e
s
s. T
he structu
r
e
of the appli
c
ation interfa
c
e is
desi
gne
d as f
o
llows:
1.
Main Men
u
: provide
s
the o
p
tion of
acce
ssi
ng othe
r provided a
c
tivities.
2.
Display Table
:
displays the
measurement
result
s in a table view.
3.
Grap
hic
Displ
a
y: displays t
he mea
s
u
r
em
ent results in
a grap
hical di
splay.
4.
Set Time Sampling: set
s
the sam
p
ling t
i
me data re
co
rding
5.
Help: detail
s
explanation
o
f
features, ap
plicatio
ns, an
d how to u
s
e
the softwa
r
e.
The pro
p
o
s
e
d
system ha
s been develo
ped by us
in
g SQLite datab
ase built auto
m
atically
by the application pro
c
e
ssing text (i.e.
SMS) fr
om the default And
r
oid smart ph
one. Telem
e
tri
c
measurement
system will
call
me
ssage
s that have been
saved
to default databa
se me
ssa
g
e
pro
c
e
ssi
ng a
pplication. When a
me
ssage
i
n
th
e
p
hone
contain
s
the
mea
s
u
r
eme
n
t data
of
temperature
and RH, the data will be interce
p
t
ed from enteri
n
g
the default
messag
e inb
o
x
pro
c
e
ssi
ng
a
pplication
s
. T
he d
a
ta i
s
th
en p
r
o
c
e
s
sed
by u
s
ing A
r
ray Adapte
r
, a
s
o
ne m
e
tho
d
to
put the d
a
ta i
n
to the a
r
ray in Java
prog
rammi
ng, a
n
d
displ
a
yed
using a
com
pon
ent data vie
w
er
on And
r
oi
d Li
st Vie
w
. At th
e table
view
activity
, the receivin
g d
a
ta
will
be
proce
s
sed i
n
to a
g
r
aph
usin
g Acha
rt Engine a
s
extensi
on library
to bu
ild grap
hs on And
r
oi
d prog
rammi
ng usin
g Ecli
pse
integrate
d
de
velopment en
vironme
n
t (IDE).
3. Results a
nd Analy
s
is
3.1. Labora
t
or
y
Scale Test
Senso
r
s-te
sting wa
s carried out by
comp
arin
g
the sen
s
o
r
measure
m
e
n
t value
gene
rated
b
y
the sen
s
o
r
of the mea
s
uri
ng in
stru
ment Digital
Thermo-Hy
g
rom
e
ter a
s
the
referen
c
e. In the telemetric system, it has L
CD di
splay on site locatio
n
. Figu
re 2 sh
ows o
n
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
1693-6
930
Telem
onitorin
g
Tem
peratu
r
e and Hum
i
dity at Bio-ene
r
gy Pro
c
e
s
s u
s
ing
…
(Sen
o D Panjaitan
)
767
result of the activities di
splayed by th
e 2x
16 L
CD.
Measure
m
e
n
ts we
re d
o
n
e by takin
g
20
sampl
e
s in di
fferent time.
The first line
on t
he L
C
D
shows the te
m
p
eratu
r
e
mea
s
ured
by ea
ch
sen
s
o
r
(i.e., SHT11 a
nd
LM35
), while
the se
con
d
line sh
ows the RH mea
s
ured
by sen
s
o
r
SHT11.
Digit
a
l The
r
mo
-Hygromete
r u
s
ed
ha
s tw
o se
nsors: external
sen
s
or to
mea
s
ure
temperature
and internal
sen
s
o
r
s lo
cat
ed insid
e
the
casi
ng to measure tem
p
eratu
r
e and
RH.
For the comp
arison with L
M
35, only internal
sen
s
o
r
s of the Therm
o
-Hyg
rom
e
ter were ta
ken i
n
to
accou
n
t. Te
mperature
an
d RH value
s
of the inte
rna
l
sen
s
o
r
a
r
e
displ
a
yed o
n
the se
co
nd a
nd
third line on t
he LCD The
r
mo-Hygro
met
e
r as
sho
w
n i
n
Figure 2.
Figure 3 p
r
e
s
ent
s the te
mperature m
easur
e
m
ent
usin
g LM3
5
, SHT11, a
nd
Therm
o
-
Hygro
m
eter.
The data of
sensor LM
35
clo
s
e to
the stand
ard one
,
while
there are small
e
r
rors
whe
n
comp
a
r
ed
by SHT
11. Both of
se
nsors
re
veal the
clo
s
e trend
lin
e in tem
perature
measurement
. There
are several fa
ctors that lead to
g
ap o
r
erro
r in
temperature
value of sen
s
or
SHT11
ag
ain
s
t me
asure
d
by The
r
mo
-Hygromete
r
a
s
the
referen
c
e. The
greate
s
t e
rro
r
wa
s
1
.
68
°C (at the 7th
sample in Fi
gure 3
)
and t
he small
e
st i
s
0.08 °
C
(at
the 17th and
19th sampl
e
s).
Tempe
r
atu
r
e
value of senso
r
LM3
5
has the
clo
s
est trend
with one mea
s
ure by The
r
mo-
Hygro
m
eter.
The hi
ghe
st e
rro
r
wa
s at th
e 12th
samp
le, i.e. -1.46 °C, and the
smalles
t
was
0.02
°C
(at the
6th
and
20th
sa
mples). Me
an
errors
of tem
peratu
r
e
were re
pe
ctively -0.317
o
C usi
n
g
LM35 a
nd 0.
932
o
C
usi
n
g
SHT11.
Whi
l
e, its mea
n
sq
u
a
re
d
e
rro
rs we
re repe
ctively
0.373
o
C
usin
g LM35 a
nd 1.117
o
C u
s
ing SHT11.
Figure 2. Dat
a
Comp
ari
s
o
n
betwe
en th
e telemetri
c
system and th
e referen
c
e
Figure 3. Te
mperature
se
nso
r
value
s
with
LM35 and
SHT11
comp
ared
with the stand
ard
The RH me
a
s
ureme
n
t test
using S
H
T1
1 and Th
erm
o
–Hyg
rom
e
te
r as
refe
ren
c
e can
be
see
n
in
Figu
re 4. Th
e tre
n
d
line
of the
measur
ement
data
with 2
0
sam
p
le
s
sho
w
s the
simila
rity
with sm
all errors
at some
sample
s. The
highe
st gap (i
.e. 2.9%) can
be see
n
on t
h
e fifth sampl
e
,
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93-6
930
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 14, No. 2, June 20
16 : 762 – 77
1
768
while th
e sm
allest e
r
ror
was 0.1
3
% on
the 12th
sam
p
le. Mean
error an
d me
an
squ
a
re
d e
rro
r of
RH u
s
in
g SHT11 we
re rep
e
ctively 1.378
% and 2.629
%.
Furthe
rmo
r
e,
a la
borato
r
y scale
te
sting
of
t
h
e
t
e
lemet
r
i
c
sy
st
em
incl
u
d
ing it
s
perfo
rman
ce
were d
one
b
y
recordi
ng t
he data
2x
2
4
hou
rs
without bein
g
i
n
terrupted
by a
requ
est from
any sm
art
phon
e. The
sampli
ng tim
e
wa
s
set o
n
e min
u
te fo
r ea
ch
re
co
rding
pro
c
e
ss of th
e data. The testing was p
e
r
forme
d
in
Co
ntrol Engine
e
r
ing lab
o
rato
ry, department
o
f
electri
c
al e
n
g
i
neeri
ng, Tan
j
ungp
ura
Uni
v
ersity,
Pontiana
k. The re
corded
data
usin
g SD Ca
rd
locate
d in
LO
GGING.TXT
file wa
s th
en
sketched
into
a graph
on th
e sm
artp
hon
e a
s
de
picte
d
in
Figure 5. Th
e high
est
RH meas
ured
was 7
3
.15% a
n
d the lo
we
st
was
41.87
%. The high
est
temperature
measured fro
m
the
sen
s
or SHT11 wa
s
31.77 °
C
, wh
ile the lowe
st was 26.1
4
°
C
.
For the se
nsor LM35, the
highest tem
peratu
r
e
me
a
s
ured was 3
1
.25 °C an
d the lowe
st was
24.41
°C.
Fro
m
the
gra
ph,
it can
be
con
c
lud
ed th
at th
e data
record
er
on tel
e
met
r
y devi
ce
s
ca
n
work well
in
data
recordin
g tempe
r
atu
r
e an
d
RH
to
SD
Ca
rd
wit
h
data
recorded
as many
as
2,696 line
s
wi
th file size
97
.4 KB. The SD card
will ha
ve an autom
a
t
ic era
s
e
r
for
the olde
st dat
a
once it reach
e
s its limit.
Figure 4. RH
sen
s
o
r
value
s
with SHT
1
1
compa
r
e
d
wi
th the standa
rd
Figure 5. Te
mperature a
n
d
RH me
asur
ement in labo
ratory environ
ment
3.2. Telemetr
ic Measurem
e
nt Sy
stem
at An
aero
b
ic
Digester
The built telemetric
measurement device has be
en tested for its ability
to record
data on
temperature and RH
in a
n
anae
ro
bic dige
ster.
Th
e
anae
robi
c d
i
geste
r is
a wa
ste mate
ri
al
degradatio
n o
r
processin
g
of orga
ni
c
wa
ste, manu
re,
or food
scrap
s
with
out invo
lving oxygen
or
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
1693-6
930
Telem
onitorin
g
Tem
peratu
r
e and Hum
i
dity at Bio-ene
rgy Pro
c
e
s
s u
s
ing
…
(Sen
o D Panjaitan
)
769
in an
aerobi
c
con
d
ition, b
u
t with th
e h
e
lp
of an
aerobi
c ba
cteria. A
n
aero
b
ic dig
e
sters u
s
ed i
n
t
he
ca
se stu
d
y of this research
are used to produ
ce meth
a
ne ga
s, gene
rally known as biogas. LM
3
5
temperature
sen
s
o
r
is
used to dete
r
m
i
ne the temp
eratu
r
e of fermentation th
at occurs in
the
anae
robi
c dig
e
ster. Th
e co
ndition
s of the environ
men
t
are mea
s
u
r
ed is the am
b
i
ent temperature
and RH of the environm
ent su
rro
undi
ng the ana
er
obic di
ge
ster, SHT11 sen
s
or i
s
u
s
ed
to
determi
ne the
value of the physi
cal pa
ra
meter.
Telemetry
de
vices pla
c
e
d
on the
an
ae
robic dig
e
ste
r
, and
the
LM3
5
temp
eratu
r
e sen
s
o
r
is pla
c
e
d
in
si
de an
ana
erobic
dige
ster,
placem
ent o
f
equipm
ent and sen
s
o
r
s can be see
n
in
Figure 6. Protective casi
ng was u
s
ed
to prot
e
c
t t
he devi
c
e from rai
n
a
n
d
weath
e
r. It
wa
s
equip
ped wit
h
air duct of the tube so th
at the
temperature an
d RH aroun
d the digeste
r ca
n be
rest
rain
ed by the sen
s
o
r
SHT11.
Figure 6. On-site Lo
cation
of Telemetr
i
c
Measurement
at Anaerobi
c Dige
ster
The
sam
p
lin
g time
wa
s
one mi
nute
data recordin
g with
out be
ing inte
rru
pte
d
by a
requ
est for d
a
ta from telemetry applica
t
ions on An
d
r
oid phon
es.
Data wa
s extracted fro
m
the file
LOGGI
NG.T
XT. In CONF
IG.INI file, sampling time
and the m
obi
le numb
e
r i
s
determi
ned.
On
the sma
r
tpho
ne, the displ
a
yed data sample can
b
e
set to sho
w
the last 1
0
or 30 min
u
tes
measurement
(cycl
e
time).
Figure 7
sho
w
s th
e gr
aphi
cal rep
r
e
s
ent
ation of the reco
rde
d
data
of
temperature
and RH.
The
high
est RH wa
s
9
4
.
27%
and th
e lo
we
st on
e
wa
s 5
5
.12%. Maxi
mum
ambient tem
peratu
r
e
wa
s about 34.09
°C an
d th
e
lowe
st 24.6
°C. The te
mperature i
n
the
dige
ster
wa
s
in ra
nge
22.9
5
°
C
to
37.11
°C.
Figu
re
7
sh
ows
an
example th
at th
e auto
nomo
u
s
telemetri
c
dat
a measurem
ent can
work prope
rly
in reco
rdin
g tem
peratu
r
e a
nd
RH. Fo
r the two
days
re
co
rde
d
data, the
recording file
si
ze
wa
s 9
4
.4 KB with
2,615
ro
ws of data
on
the
measured te
mperature a
n
d
RH.
Figure 7. Rea
l
-time Temp
e
r
ature and
RH mea
s
u
r
em
ent at the digester u
s
in
g a sma
r
t phon
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 16
93-6
930
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 14, No. 2, June 20
16 : 762 – 77
1
770
3.3. Electrica
l Energ
y
Consumption
Measurement
s of the electrical
en
ergy
con
s
um
ption
were ta
ken
in variou
s st
ates of
telemetry de
vices:
stand
by, recordi
n
g/readi
ng
da
ta from o
r
to SD
card, and
re
ceivi
n
g
comm
and
s/transmitting
da
ta via the modem. A stand
by state is a
con
d
ition wh
en no read/
write
data to th
e S
D
Card a
nd
n
o
r
re
ceiving
comman
d
s/tra
n
smitting
dat
a via the
mo
dem d
u
rin
g
b
o
th
of these
devi
c
e
s
is conn
e
c
ted to th
e telemetr
y syst
em.
Powe
r consumption
s
whi
c
h
h
ad
b
een
measured a
r
e as follo
ws: 615.2 m
W
(standby stat
e),
696.6 m
W
(S
D card
ope
rat
i
ng), an
d 809
.5
mW (mo
dem
ope
rating
). Assu
ming
th
e
u
s
e of
el
e
c
tri
c
al ene
rg
y
for
o
ne ho
ur wa
s wh
en
the
sampli
ng time wa
s set on
e minute and
within an ho
ur there wa
s a deman
d for measu
r
ing d
a
ta
for a
30
-minu
t
e cycl
e time.
It wa
s
also
assume
d
wh
en
writing
dat
a, the S
D
card op
erate
d
fo
r
1
se
con
d
, and the time req
u
i
r
ed to send d
a
ta to the sm
art phon
e for
a 30 minute
s
cycle time by
1
minute
samp
ling time
wa
s 2
minute
s
,
then it
c
oul
d be
cal
c
ul
ated the total
con
s
um
ption
of
electri
c
al e
n
e
r
gy telemetry
device
s
for o
ne hou
r as fol
l
ows.
The re
sult sho
w
s
that
Android-ba
sed
sm
artp
h
one
ca
n b
e
u
s
ed
a
s
low-cost
telemonito
rin
g
syste
m
whi
c
h
kee
p
s
pro
v
iding a
c
cura
te and p
r
e
c
i
s
i
on data.
Com
pare
d
with
no
n-
Androi
d ba
se
d sy
stem p
r
e
s
ente
d
in [8],
althoug
h it i
s
com
m
only u
s
ed
sy
stem, the
web
-
SCA
D
A
system
nee
d
s
web
-
serve
r
, DC-b
us
and
also
othe
r
communic
a
tion infras
truc
ture that make
this
system
nee
d
highe
r
capital
budg
et and
the furth
e
r
de
velopment li
mited to the
p
a
rticul
ar
soft
ware
desi
gne
r. In this pap
er, t
he propo
se
d
system i
s
very low-cost,
since it use
d
the availa
ble
comm
uni
cati
on
infrast
r
u
c
ture, without
serve
r
,
a
nd u
s
ed
the avail
able daily sm
artpho
ne wh
ere
almost eve
r
y
body ha
s. While, com
pare to other
A
ndroi
d-ba
sed
system, currently there i
s
no
appli
c
ation
of
simil
a
r sy
ste
m
for an
aero
b
ic
dige
stion
pro
c
e
s
s h
a
s
been
pu
blish
ed. Ge
ne
rally
, in
terms
of com
m
unication
in
frastructu
re, some pr
evio
u
s
wo
rks la
cke
d
on co
mmun
i
cation di
stan
ce
su
ch a
s
in [1
2] usin
g WL
AN and [1
3] usin
g Bl
ueto
oh. Other A
n
roid b
a
sed, a
l
though u
s
in
g
the
GSM infrastructure [14],
but it still needs
server,
whi
c
h m
a
y be
complicated and costly for small
or medi
um a
pplication in
developin
g
countrie
s
. Mo
reover, a
c
curacy and p
r
e
c
isi
on were
not
discu
s
ee
d yet
mostly in
the
previo
us pa
p
e
r. By
this re
aso
n
, an
alternative techno
logy, pro
p
o
s
e
d
in this pa
pe
r, provide m
o
re efficie
n
t tel
e
monito
ring
system
comp
a
r
ed
to the
p
r
evious on
es,
by
maintainin
g the accu
ra
cy and preci
s
io
n
.
4. Conclusio
n
This p
ape
r h
a
s b
een d
e
scribed
a devel
oped a
u
tono
mous tel
e
met
r
ic m
e
a
s
urem
ent data
appli
c
ation u
s
ing sma
r
tph
o
ne ba
sed o
n
Androi
d OS
in orde
r to ea
se mo
nitorin
g
and su
pe
rvision
of
re
ne
wable
ene
rgy syst
em su
ch as bioga
s pro
d
u
c
er,
i.e. an
ae
robi
c
dige
ster. Androi
d-ba
sed
telemetry system
s
p
r
ovid
e
a conve
n
i
ence way
a
nd lo
w-co
st
techn
o
logy i
n
monito
ring
the
pro
c
e
ss m
e
a
s
ureme
n
t da
ta of temperature a
nd RH in an a
n
aero
b
ic
dige
ster. Tel
e
me
try
appli
c
ation
s
pre
s
ente
d
in this pape
r worked pr
ope
rl
y where the
appli
c
ation could display the
data
store
d
in
the a
ppli
c
ati
on d
a
taba
se
to di
spla
y i
n
fo
rmative g
r
ap
h
s
a
nd
also ta
ble a
s
ra
w d
a
t
a.
Beside
s, dat
a re
corder
worke
d
well
in re
co
rdi
n
g the data at the temperatu
r
e an
d
RH
measurement
location
s. T
he mode
m al
so work
ed
well in receivin
g the comm
a
nd co
de of the
phon
e as
we
ll as in sendi
ng data to the sm
art
ph
one with
a low en
ergy requireme
nt. Thi
s
system i
s
re
comm
end
ed
to be
used i
n
orde
r to
e
a
se
the
anal
ysis
pro
c
e
ss of the
anae
rob
i
c
dige
stion for
bio-e
n
e
r
gy produ
ction with
a
low cost tel
e
metri
c
mea
s
urem
ent syst
em.
Ackn
o
w
l
e
dg
ements
Authors wo
u
l
d like to thank KEMENRISTEKD
IKTI that provided funding f
o
r this
resea
r
ch. Au
thor
woul
d a
l
so li
ke to
than
k Head
of Re
sea
r
ch
Institute, Head of El
ect
r
ical
Enginee
ring
Dep
a
rtme
nt,
and De
an
of Enginee
ring
Faculty
T
anju
ngpu
ra Unive
r
sity
a
s
well a
s
team membe
r
s in Control System Labo
ratory
that su
pporte
d the rese
arch a
c
tivities.
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