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I
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6
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T
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[
11]
and [
12]
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v
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ang
e
f
r
o
m
20 H
z
t
o
80 H
z
,
a
n
d t
he
m
a
s
s
f
l
ow
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at
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s
pr
o
por
t
i
ona
l
t
o t
h
e a
v
er
a
ged s
p
o
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p
os
i
t
i
on [
13]
,
w
her
e t
he
“
s
pool
”
i
s
t
h
e
m
agnet
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c
pi
ec
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t
h
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v
al
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e t
hat
r
eac
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s
t
o
t
he
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o
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t
ag
e a
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l
i
e
d t
o t
h
e s
o
l
en
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d c
oi
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s
,
an
d
ei
t
h
er
op
ens
or
c
l
os
es
t
he
v
a
l
v
e.
T
he s
ol
e
no
i
d
v
a
l
v
es
ar
e m
odel
ed
as
a f
i
r
s
t
or
de
r
s
y
s
t
em
,
gi
v
en
b
y
[
1]
a
nd [
2]
:
(
)
(
)
=
1
+
(
1)
W
h
er
e gA
SV
i
s
t
he m
as
s
f
l
ow
i
n
t
he s
o
l
e
noi
d
v
a
l
v
e (
k
g/
s
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C
i
s
t
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om
m
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as
s
f
l
ow
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at
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s
i
s
t
he
L
apl
ac
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r
ans
f
or
m
v
ar
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ab
l
e,
an
d
K
v
a
nd
T
v
ar
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t
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ga
i
n
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d
t
i
m
e
c
ons
t
an
t
of
t
he
v
al
v
e
,
r
es
pec
t
i
v
el
y
.
T
he
pr
es
s
ur
e
of
t
he
s
t
or
age
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ank
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a
r
e
a
s
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m
ed
t
o
be
c
ons
t
ant
,
a
n
d,
ac
c
or
di
n
g
t
o
[
2]
,
t
h
e m
as
s
f
l
ow
t
hr
o
ugh
t
he o
pe
n
v
a
l
v
e c
an
be
ap
pr
ox
i
m
at
ed b
y
:
gA
=
px
2
4
(
2)
W
h
er
e
ρ
i
s
t
he
gas
d
ens
i
t
y
(
k
g/
m
3)
,
D
p
i
s
t
h
e p
i
pe
di
a
m
et
er
(
m
)
,
and x
i
s
g
i
v
en
b
y
[
1]
an
d [
2]
.
x
=
2
(
−
)
(
3)
W
h
er
e
ps
t
i
s
t
he
h
i
g
h
pr
es
s
ur
e
s
t
or
age
t
ank
pr
es
s
ur
e
(
P
a)
,
f
i
s
t
he
f
r
i
c
t
i
on
f
ac
t
o
r
,
and
L
i
s
t
h
e
l
en
gt
h
of
t
he
p
i
pe
(
m
)
.
T
hu
s
,
as
s
um
i
ng t
he
m
i
ni
m
u
m
w
or
k
i
ng gas
pr
es
s
ur
e f
or
p,
t
he
m
as
s
f
l
ow
r
at
e l
i
m
i
t
i
s
a f
unc
t
i
on of
t
he
pi
p
e di
m
ens
i
ons
.
T
he pr
es
s
ur
e of
t
he hi
gh pr
es
s
u
r
e gas
s
t
or
age
t
ank
and t
he
pi
pe
di
m
ens
i
o
ns
c
onnec
t
i
ng
t
h
e g
as
s
t
or
age
t
ank
t
o t
he
eng
i
n
e p
l
a
y
a m
aj
or
par
t
i
n
t
he c
on
t
r
ol
s
y
s
t
em
per
f
or
m
anc
e [
1
]
an
d [
2
]
.
2.
2
.
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
tu
r
e
C
o
n
tr
o
l
S
y
s
te
m
T
he t
e
m
per
at
ur
e c
ont
r
o
l
s
y
s
t
em
m
eas
ur
es
t
e
m
per
at
ur
e of
t
he heat
er
t
o c
om
par
e w
i
t
h
t
he r
ef
er
enc
e t
em
per
at
ur
e,
t
hu
s
,
pr
oduc
es
o
ut
p
ut
s
of
m
ean pr
es
s
ur
e t
o t
he pr
es
s
ur
e c
ont
r
ol
s
y
s
t
em
(
P
C
S
)
.
I
n
t
he
s
am
e
w
a
y
,
t
he
P
C
S
m
eas
ur
es
t
he
pr
es
s
ur
e
i
n t
he
S
t
i
r
l
i
n
g en
gi
ne,
and
m
a
k
e
s
an adj
us
t
m
ent
t
o t
he v
al
v
e p
os
i
t
i
ons
,
t
o m
at
c
h t
he m
ean pr
es
s
ur
e w
i
t
h t
he m
eas
ur
ed
pr
es
s
ur
e [
1]
an
d
[
2
]
.
T
he pr
es
s
ur
e c
om
m
anded b
y
t
h
e
t
em
per
at
ur
e c
ont
r
o
l
s
y
s
t
em
(
T
C
S
)
f
ol
l
o
w
s
a pat
t
er
n as
i
l
l
us
t
r
at
ed
i
n T
abl
e 1.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
K
A
I
S
S
N
:
1
693
-
6
930
S
e
n
si
t
i
vi
t
y
A
n
al
y
s
i
s
an
d C
o
mpar
i
s
o
n b
et
w
e
en
25 k
W
P
ar
abo
l
i
c
D
i
s
h…
(
Mohd
R
ud
di
n
A
b G
han
i
)
809
F
i
gur
e 2
.
P
r
es
s
ur
e
C
o
nt
r
ol
S
y
s
t
em
C
onnec
t
i
o
n t
o
S
t
ir
l
in
g
E
n
gi
ne
[
1]
3
.
R
e
su
l
t
s an
d
D
i
scu
s
si
o
n
3.
1
.
S
e
n
s
i
ti
v
i
ty
C
o
m
p
a
r
i
s
o
n
S
tu
d
y
I
n
or
d
er
t
o
v
al
i
dat
e
t
he
s
i
m
ul
at
i
o
n
r
es
u
l
t
s
i
n
t
h
i
s
s
t
ud
y
,
t
he
r
es
ul
t
s
w
er
e
c
om
par
e
d
w
i
t
h
r
es
ul
t
f
r
om
T
he S
ol
ar
D
i
s
h
-
S
t
i
r
l
i
n
g
S
y
s
t
em
Mod
el
[
14]
b
as
ed
on
per
f
or
m
anc
e f
or
f
i
v
e m
ai
n
c
o
m
ponent
s
,
t
h
e heat
er
t
em
per
at
ur
e,
t
her
m
al
l
os
s
es
,
s
t
i
r
l
i
ng e
ngi
ne gr
os
s
po
w
er
out
put
,
net
out
p
ut
p
o
w
er
,
en
er
g
y
,
c
a
pac
i
t
y
f
ac
t
or
a
nd
LC
O
E
.
N
ev
er
t
he
l
es
s
,
t
h
e c
o
nc
ent
r
at
or
,
r
ec
e
i
v
er
par
am
et
er
s
as
w
el
l
as
t
he
dai
l
y
s
o
l
ar
i
r
r
ad
i
a
nc
e,
us
ed
i
n t
h
i
s
s
t
ud
y
(
2
5 k
W
P
D
s
y
s
t
em
m
odel
w
i
t
h c
om
pens
at
or
s
y
s
t
em
)
and 25 k
W
P
D
s
y
s
t
em
m
odel
w
i
t
hou
t
c
om
pens
at
or
s
y
s
t
em
w
er
e
s
i
m
i
l
ar
.
T
her
ef
or
e,
t
he c
om
par
i
s
on of
t
he r
es
ul
t
bet
w
een t
hi
s
m
odel
l
i
ng
w
i
t
h
T
he S
ol
ar
D
i
s
h
-
S
t
i
r
l
i
n
g s
y
s
t
em
Mode
l
i
s
ne
c
es
s
ar
y
.
3
.
2
.
H
eat
e
r
T
em
p
er
at
u
r
e
H
i
gh
t
em
per
at
ur
e ac
h
i
e
v
e
d at
a f
oc
al
p
oi
n
t
i
s
i
s
s
ue
d as
a
heat
s
our
c
e f
or
a
S
t
i
r
l
i
n
g
eng
i
ne.
T
he
S
t
i
r
l
i
ng
en
gi
n
e
i
s
c
apa
bl
e
of
op
er
at
i
ng
at
hi
g
h
ef
f
i
c
i
enc
y
and
r
el
eas
e
s
no
em
i
s
s
i
on,
m
a
k
i
ng i
t
hi
g
hl
y
c
om
pat
i
bl
e w
i
t
h t
he s
o
l
ar
t
her
m
al
p
o
w
er
t
ec
hn
ol
og
y
.
U
nf
or
t
un
at
el
y
,
t
he of
t
en
r
andom
and
unc
ont
r
o
l
l
a
bl
e
nat
ur
es
of
s
ol
ar
i
r
r
adi
a
nc
e
pos
s
es
s
a
c
hal
l
en
ge
i
n
t
he
c
ont
r
ol
of
t
he
P
D
s
y
s
t
em
.
T
her
ef
or
e,
t
he
P
D
s
y
s
t
em
oper
at
es
m
os
t
of
t
en
i
n
c
ont
r
o
l
l
ed
t
em
per
at
ur
e
r
eg
i
on
i
n
or
der
t
o m
ax
i
m
i
z
e
t
he
ef
f
i
c
i
enc
y
of
t
he S
t
i
r
l
i
n
g en
gi
ne.
B
es
i
d
es
t
ha
t
,
c
ont
r
o
l
l
i
n
g t
h
e am
ount
of
heat
i
n t
he h
e
at
er
/
r
ec
ei
v
er
i
s
c
r
it
ic
a
l f
o
r
a
S
t
ir
lin
g
eng
i
ne.
T
he t
em
per
at
ur
e
of
t
he
heat
er
s
ho
ul
d b
e
m
ai
nt
ai
ne
d
as
hi
gh
as
p
o
s
s
i
bl
e,
f
or
hi
gh
ef
fi
c
i
enc
y
,
w
hi
l
e
no
t
ex
c
ee
di
n
g
t
he
t
her
m
al
l
i
m
i
t
s
of
t
h
e
heat
er
m
at
er
i
al
.
T
he
t
em
per
at
ur
e
of
t
he
heat
er
i
s
pr
ev
en
t
ed f
r
o
m
e
x
c
eedi
n
g 100
0K
t
o pr
e
v
en
t
dam
age t
o t
he heat
er
m
a
t
er
i
a
l
and t
h
e
ef
f
i
c
i
enc
y
of
t
he
out
p
ut
p
er
f
or
m
anc
e.
F
i
gur
e 3 s
ho
w
s
t
he c
om
par
i
s
on b
et
w
e
en he
at
er
t
em
per
at
ur
e w
i
t
h an
d w
i
t
h
out
t
he
c
o
m
pens
at
or
.
H
e
at
er
t
em
per
at
ur
e
w
i
t
ho
ut
c
om
pens
at
or
w
as
o
v
er
t
h
e r
ang
e of
t
hr
es
hol
d an
d
t
hi
s
w
ou
l
d dam
age t
he h
ea
t
er
m
at
er
i
al
,
a
nd
w
o
ul
d a
l
s
o pr
oduc
e m
an
y
l
os
s
es
,
t
h
us
,
c
aus
i
ng l
o
w
out
p
ut
po
w
er
an
d
ener
g
y
.
A
c
c
or
di
n
g t
o t
he r
es
ul
t
s
,
t
he
heat
er
t
em
per
at
ur
e
w
i
t
h c
om
pens
at
or
w
as
abl
e t
o c
ont
r
o
l
t
h
e he
at
er
t
em
per
at
ur
e i
n t
he r
a
nge of
t
hr
es
ho
l
d
w
hi
c
h i
s
i
n
be
t
w
ee
n of
1000
K
b
y
v
ar
y
i
ng t
h
e
w
or
k
i
ng gas
pr
es
s
ur
e w
h
i
c
h i
s
ef
f
ec
t
i
v
el
y
c
han
gi
ng t
h
e heat
ex
c
ha
nge
r
at
e be
t
w
ee
n t
he
S
t
i
r
l
i
n
g e
n
gi
n
e an
d h
eat
er
.
3
.
3
.
T
h
e
r
m
a
l
L
o
s
s
e
s
a
n
d
S
r
i
r
l
i
n
g
E
n
g
i
n
e
G
r
o
s
s
P
o
w
e
r
O
u
tp
u
t
S
ol
ar
i
r
r
a
di
a
t
i
o
n us
e
d
i
n
t
hi
s
s
t
u
d
y
w
as
do
w
n
l
o
a
ded f
r
om
Met
eon
or
m
S
of
t
w
ar
e.
Met
e
onor
m
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e h
as
a s
ol
ar
r
adi
a
t
i
o
n de
v
i
at
i
on f
or
20
y
e
ar
s
,
w
h
i
c
h i
s
f
r
o
m
y
ear
19
86 t
o
y
e
ar
200
9.
Mea
n
w
h
i
l
e,
b
y
us
i
ng
Met
eon
or
m
,
t
he
s
ol
a
r
i
r
r
adi
at
i
on
dat
a
f
or
an
y
l
o
c
at
i
ons
c
a
n
b
e
do
w
n
l
oa
di
ng
eas
i
l
y
b
y
us
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
oor
di
n
at
e
of
t
he
l
oc
at
i
o
n.
I
n
t
hi
s
s
t
ud
y
,
t
he
c
h
o
i
c
e
of
l
oc
at
i
on
w
as
G
eor
g
e
T
o
w
n
w
hi
c
h
i
s
t
he
p
l
ac
e
w
i
t
h
t
he
hi
gher
D
N
I
v
a
l
ue
c
om
par
ed
t
o
ot
h
er
pl
ac
es
[
1
4]
.
T
he r
eas
on i
s
t
h
at
t
he h
i
g
h
er
t
he s
o
l
ar
i
r
r
a
di
anc
e,
t
he
hi
g
her
t
h
e
t
em
per
at
ur
e pr
o
duc
ed,
and t
he
hi
g
her
t
h
e ef
f
i
c
i
enc
y
of
S
t
i
r
l
i
ng e
ngi
ne
as
w
el
l
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
K
A
V
o
l.
1
4
,
N
o
.
3
,
S
ept
em
ber
201
6
:
8
07
–
81
4
810
T
abl
e 1
.
T
he
P
r
es
s
ur
e C
o
m
m
anded
b
y t
h
e
T
C
S
[1
-
3]
W
h
en t
he
i
r
r
adi
anc
e i
s
t
oo
l
o
w
a
nd m
eas
ur
ed
heat
er
t
e
m
per
at
ur
e oc
c
ur
s
a
t
bel
ow
t
he
s
et
poi
nt
T
S
E
T
of
t
he t
e
m
per
at
ur
e,
t
he
m
e
an pr
es
s
ur
e s
t
ay
s
at
i
t
s
i
dl
e poi
nt
.
I
n
t
hi
s
c
ondi
t
i
on,
t
he hea
t
er
t
e
m
per
at
ur
e v
ar
i
es
w
i
t
h i
r
r
a
di
anc
e.
T
he t
e
m
per
at
ur
e i
n
c
r
eas
e
s
m
or
e
t
han T
S
ET
,
w
hen
t
he i
r
r
adi
anc
e i
s
hi
gh enough,
t
he m
ean pr
es
s
ur
e
f
r
o
m
t
he T
C
S
i
nc
r
ea
s
es
t
o r
egul
at
e an i
nc
r
eas
i
ng
t
e
m
per
at
ur
e on t
he heat
er
.
I
n t
hi
s
c
ondi
t
i
on,
t
he
r
ec
ei
v
er
t
e
m
per
at
ur
e i
s
t
o be
c
ont
r
ol
l
ed
.
T
he
t
e
m
per
at
ur
e
Δ
T
MAX
s
how
s
t
hat
t
h
e
am
ount
of
t
he
heat
er
t
e
m
per
at
ur
e
c
an be i
n
c
r
eas
ed abov
e t
he
t
e
m
per
at
ur
e s
et
poi
n
t
and ar
e s
t
i
l
l
r
egul
at
ed by
t
he
PC
S.
T
e
m
per
at
ur
e
i
nc
r
eas
e
s
i
n
t
he
r
ec
ei
v
er
dur
i
ng
t
he
hi
gh i
r
r
adi
anc
e.
T
he hea
t
abs
or
b
e
d by
t
he engi
ne
i
nc
r
eas
e
s
by
s
uppl
y
i
ng w
or
k
i
ng gas
f
r
o
m
hi
gh
pr
es
s
ur
e s
t
or
age t
an
k
t
o t
he engi
ne,
s
i
m
ul
t
aneous
l
y
i
nc
r
eas
i
ng
t
he P
s
et
and openi
ng t
he s
ol
enoi
d
s
uppl
y
v
al
v
e.
H
ow
ev
er
,
a dec
r
eas
e i
n i
r
r
adi
anc
e
t
hen
dec
r
eas
e
t
he
t
e
m
per
at
ur
e,
t
hus
t
he
w
or
k
i
ng
ga
s
has
t
o r
e
m
ov
e
f
r
o
m
t
he en
gi
ne t
hr
ough t
he
s
ol
enoi
d du
m
p
v
al
v
e.
W
h
en
t
e
m
per
at
ur
e
of
t
he
heat
er
ex
c
eeds
T
SET
+
ΔT
MAX
,
a
m
ax
i
m
u
m
pr
e
s
s
ur
e
o
c
c
ur
s
i
ns
i
de
t
he
engi
ne
and,
t
her
ef
or
e.
I
s
unabl
e
t
o
be
i
nc
r
eas
ed
f
ur
t
her
t
o
r
egul
at
e
t
he
t
e
m
per
at
u
r
e
of
t
he
heat
er
.
T
he t
e
m
per
at
ur
e o
f
t
he
r
ec
ei
v
er
i
s
pr
ev
ent
ed f
r
o
m
ex
c
eedi
ng t
he
r
ange
of
t
hr
es
hol
d t
o pr
ev
ent
dam
age t
o
t
he r
ec
ei
v
er
m
at
er
i
al
.
H
ow
ev
e
r
,
t
o
m
a
i
nt
ai
n
t
he heat
er
t
e
m
per
a
t
ur
e w
i
t
hi
n a nar
r
o
w
r
ange t
he pr
es
s
ur
e i
s
bei
ng
v
ar
i
ed.
T
he
m
ax
i
m
u
m
al
l
ow
abl
e engi
ne pr
es
s
ur
e P
m
ax
i
s
pr
a
c
t
i
c
al
l
y
hi
gh
enough
t
hat
t
he
heat
er
c
an
be
m
a
i
nt
ai
ned
at
a
s
a
f
e
t
e
m
per
at
ur
e ev
en
dur
i
ng hi
gh
i
r
r
adi
anc
e.
F
r
o
m
a t
her
m
od
y
nam
i
c
poi
nt
of
v
i
e
w
,
t
he S
t
i
r
l
i
n
g
c
y
c
l
e ef
f
i
c
i
enc
y
i
nc
r
eas
es
w
i
t
h a
n
i
nc
r
eas
e
i
n m
ax
i
m
u
m
t
e
m
p
er
at
ur
e.
B
ut
t
he
pl
a
nt
ef
f
i
c
i
e
nc
y
an
d ou
t
put
dec
r
eas
e
at
hi
g
her
he
at
er
gas
t
em
per
at
ur
e.
I
t
i
s
bec
a
us
e
of
i
nc
r
eas
e
d
h
eat
t
r
ans
f
er
l
os
s
es
m
ai
nl
y
r
a
di
a
t
i
o
n
l
os
s
es
at
h
i
gh
t
em
per
at
ur
e.
T
her
ef
or
e,
t
he
t
her
m
al
l
os
s
es
ar
e
di
r
ec
t
l
y
pr
opor
t
i
on
al
t
o
he
at
er
t
e
m
per
at
ur
e
and
net
o
ut
p
ut
p
o
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s
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n
v
er
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e
l
y
pr
o
por
t
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t
o t
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m
al
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P
ma
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mi
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R
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ur
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d
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
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KO
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K
A
I
S
S
N
:
1
693
-
6
930
S
e
n
si
t
i
vi
t
y
A
n
al
y
s
i
s
an
d C
o
mpar
i
s
o
n b
et
w
e
en
25 k
W
P
ar
abo
l
i
c
D
i
s
h…
(
Mohd
R
ud
di
n
A
b G
han
i
)
811
F
i
gur
e 3
.
T
he
C
om
par
i
s
on
bet
w
e
en H
eat
er
T
e
m
per
at
u
r
e w
i
t
h
an
d
W
i
t
hout
t
he
C
o
m
pens
at
or
A
s
t
he
25
k
W
P
D
s
y
s
t
em
m
odel
w
i
t
h
c
om
pens
at
or
s
y
s
t
em
,
t
her
ef
or
e,
t
he
t
ot
a
l
t
her
m
al
l
os
s
es
obt
ai
ned
f
or
t
hi
s
m
ode
l
w
er
e l
o
w
c
om
par
ed t
o t
h
e 2
5 k
W
P
D
s
y
s
t
em
m
odel
w
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t
hout
c
o
m
pens
at
or
s
y
s
t
em
w
hi
c
h
w
as
447
496
W
and
88156
7
W
r
es
pec
t
i
v
e
l
y
w
her
eas
t
he
t
ot
a
l
S
t
i
r
l
i
ng
eng
i
ne
gr
os
s
out
put
po
w
er
hi
g
h c
om
p
ar
ed t
o
t
he
25
k
W
P
D
s
y
s
t
em
m
odel
w
i
t
ho
ut
c
om
pens
at
or
s
y
s
t
em
w
hi
c
h
w
er
e
18
013
W
and 112
09 r
es
p
ec
t
i
v
e
l
y
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T
her
ef
or
e,
t
he
S
t
i
r
l
i
n
g e
ng
i
ne gr
os
s
o
ut
p
ut
po
w
er
i
nc
r
eas
e
d
ar
o
und
6
1%
,
a
nd
t
he
t
her
m
al
l
os
s
e
s
dec
r
eas
ed
ar
oun
d
9
7.
8%
af
t
er
i
ns
t
a
l
l
i
n
g
t
he t
em
per
at
ur
e c
o
nt
r
ol
s
y
s
t
em
.
A
c
c
or
di
ng t
o t
h
e F
i
g
ur
e 4 a
nd 5,
t
he t
her
m
al
l
os
s
es
s
how
a
v
er
y
s
i
g
ni
f
i
c
ant
dec
r
e
as
e
a
nd
i
nc
r
eas
e
i
n
S
t
r
i
l
i
ng
en
gi
ne
gr
os
s
out
p
ut
po
w
er
af
t
e
r
i
ns
t
a
l
l
i
ng
t
h
e
c
ont
r
ol
s
y
s
t
em
.
T
he
t
e
m
per
at
ur
e
w
as
c
ont
r
o
l
l
ed
b
y
v
ar
y
i
n
g
t
he
w
or
k
i
ng
gas
pr
es
s
ur
e
i
ns
i
de
t
h
e
eng
i
ne.
T
o
i
nc
r
eas
e
t
he
pr
es
s
ur
e,
t
he h
i
g
h
pr
es
s
ur
e
s
t
or
age t
a
nk
w
as
ab
l
e
t
o s
upp
l
y
g
as
i
nt
o
t
he
e
ng
i
ne.
H
e
at
er
s
ur
f
ac
e
t
em
per
at
ur
e
i
nc
r
eas
ed
w
h
en
h
i
gh
i
r
r
ad
i
a
nc
e
ex
i
s
t
ed,
t
her
ef
or
e
h
i
gh
pr
es
s
ur
e s
t
or
ag
e t
ank
s
upp
l
i
e
d t
he
w
or
k
i
ng g
as
t
o
t
h
e
eng
i
n
e
t
o
r
egu
l
at
e t
he
t
em
per
at
ur
e
of
t
h
e
heat
er
.
H
enc
e,
i
nc
r
eas
i
n
g t
he p
o
w
er
o
ut
p
ut
of
t
he
s
y
s
t
em
.
F
i
gur
e 4
.
T
he
C
om
par
i
s
on
b
et
w
e
en T
her
m
al
Los
s
es
w
it
h
a
nd W
i
t
hout
t
he C
om
pens
at
or
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
930
T
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NI
K
A
V
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l.
1
4
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N
o
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3
,
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6
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07
–
81
4
812
F
i
gur
e 5
.
T
he
C
om
par
i
s
on
b
et
w
e
en G
r
os
s
P
o
w
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t
ir
li
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g
E
ng
i
ne
w
it
h
a
nd W
i
t
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t
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C
om
pens
at
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3
.
4
.
A
n
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a
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O
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A
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F
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nd 7 s
ho
w
t
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annu
al
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t
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d ener
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obt
ai
ned f
r
o
m
25
k
W
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odel
l
i
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w
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t
h c
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pens
at
or
and
t
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2
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m
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h c
om
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t
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om
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e,
t
he
t
o
t
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annu
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out
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ner
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f
or
t
h
i
s
m
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g
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par
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t
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t
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25
k
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out
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om
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o
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w
hi
c
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e 1
552
8
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,
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,
and 1492
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T
her
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out
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ed
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o
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78%
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t
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al
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t
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at
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F
i
gur
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.
T
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C
om
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Y
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O
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put
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om
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m
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em
ent
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at
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ont
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ol
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y
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T
abl
e 2
s
ho
w
s
t
he s
e
ns
i
t
i
v
i
t
y
an
al
y
s
i
s
of
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O
E
,
c
apac
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t
y
f
ac
t
or
,
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d e
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y
per
f
or
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w
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P
D
s
y
s
t
em
w
i
t
h
and
w
i
t
ho
ut
c
o
m
pens
at
or
.
1
0
1
2
8
5
9
9
3
2
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5
8
1
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4
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2
6
4
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6
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5
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t O
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(
W
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)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
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NI
K
A
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S
S
N
:
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930
S
e
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i
vi
t
y
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813
F
i
gur
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.
T
he
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om
par
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s
on B
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w
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ar
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y
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ner
g
y
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it
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om
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it
iv
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a
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i
s
al
s
o
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m
por
t
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t
o
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di
c
t
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h
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t
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end
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w
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c
ha
n
ge
i
n
i
np
ut
par
am
et
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s
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T
he LC
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i
nc
r
eas
ed
w
i
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h a
n i
nc
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eas
e i
n c
ap
i
t
a
l
c
os
t
,
O
&
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os
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and d
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ount
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at
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ef
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o
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w
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c
r
eas
ed
w
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n
c
r
eas
e i
n
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t
y
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d t
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em
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i
f
e.
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t
l
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D
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w
as
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er
y
h
i
gh
due t
o l
o
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r
annu
al
p
o
w
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g
ener
at
i
on
and t
he r
at
e
dec
r
eas
ed
i
n L
C
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w
as
l
e
s
s
c
os
t
l
y
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ha
n t
he r
at
e of
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r
eas
e i
n
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ai
nl
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a
pi
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a
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s
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at
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abl
e 2
.
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n
s
it
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v
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A
nal
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s
i
s
of
LC
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a
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t
y
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ac
t
or
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n
er
g
y
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f
or
m
anc
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bet
w
e
en P
D
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s
t
em
w
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t
h and
w
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t
hou
t
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om
pens
at
or
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ri
t
e
ri
a
B
ef
or
e i
m
pl
e
m
ent
t
e
m
per
at
ur
e c
o
nt
r
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y
s
t
e
m
A
f
t
er
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m
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m
ent
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e
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per
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e c
on
t
r
ol
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y
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m
T
ot
al
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ner
gy
8383 k
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h
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h
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apac
i
t
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a
c
t
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83%
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774%
L
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R
M
36.
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M
20.
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D
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m
al
gener
at
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on
s
y
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t
em
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s
a
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p
e
of
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ene
w
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bl
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t
ec
hno
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.
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t
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ngi
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s
c
apa
bl
e of
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per
at
i
ng
at
h
i
gh
ef
f
i
c
i
enc
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and
r
e
l
eas
es
no em
i
s
s
i
ons
.
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nf
or
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unat
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l
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,
t
he
of
t
en
r
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dom
and
unc
ont
r
o
l
l
a
bl
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nat
ur
e
of
s
ol
ar
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r
r
adi
a
nc
e
m
a
k
es
t
he
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
of
t
he
heat
er
t
em
per
at
ur
e an
d o
ut
p
ut
ef
f
i
c
i
enc
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of
t
he
P
ar
a
bo
l
i
c
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i
s
h s
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e
m
i
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os
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c
hal
l
eng
i
n
g.
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enc
e,
a pr
o
p
er
appr
opr
i
at
e c
ont
r
o
l
s
y
s
t
em
des
i
gn an
d oper
at
i
o
ns
of
t
he s
y
s
t
e
m
ar
e c
al
l
ed
f
or
.
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he
pur
pos
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of
t
h
i
s
r
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e
ar
c
h
i
s
t
o
d
es
i
g
n
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ont
r
o
l
s
y
s
t
em
t
o
m
ai
nt
ai
n
t
h
e
heat
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t
em
per
at
ur
e w
i
t
h
i
n
a s
af
e oper
at
i
ng r
e
gi
o
n f
or
r
educ
ed
l
os
s
es
t
o i
m
pr
ov
e t
h
e ou
t
p
ut
ef
f
i
c
i
enc
y
of
t
he s
y
s
t
em
.
T
he t
em
per
at
ur
e s
hou
l
d be k
ept
as
hi
gh as
pos
s
i
b
l
e t
o m
ax
i
m
i
z
e t
h
e t
her
m
al
ef
f
i
c
i
enc
y
of
t
h
e
S
t
i
r
l
i
ng
e
ngi
ne,
but
s
ho
ul
d
n
ot
al
s
o
ex
c
eed
t
h
e t
h
er
m
al
r
at
i
n
g
of
t
he
he
at
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m
at
er
i
al
.
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he t
em
per
at
ur
e i
s
c
ont
r
ol
l
ed
b
y
v
ar
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i
ng
t
he
w
or
k
i
ng gas
pr
es
s
ur
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ac
h
i
e
v
ed
b
y
add
i
ng or
r
em
ov
i
n
g
w
or
k
i
ng gas
t
o/
f
r
om
t
he engi
n
e.
I
n s
i
m
ul
at
i
o
n s
t
udi
es
,
t
he
des
i
g
n of
t
he
c
ont
r
ol
s
y
s
t
em
t
o t
he s
y
s
t
e
m
w
as
m
odel
l
ed b
y
Mat
l
a
b S
i
m
ul
i
nk
[
14]
.
I
t
i
s
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s
ent
i
al
t
o
k
now
t
he
ef
f
i
c
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c
ont
r
o
l
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y
s
t
em
t
o
t
he
P
D
s
y
s
t
em
,
s
ens
i
t
i
v
i
t
y
c
o
m
par
i
s
on bet
w
ee
n c
om
pens
at
ed and
w
i
t
ho
ut
c
o
m
pens
at
ed s
y
s
t
em
,
per
f
or
m
anc
e and
f
eas
i
bi
l
i
t
y
an
al
y
s
i
s
of
C
S
P
es
pec
i
a
l
l
y
f
or
P
D
s
y
s
t
em
i
n
t
he M
al
a
y
s
i
a en
v
i
r
onm
ent
.
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na
l
y
z
e
t
he
per
f
or
m
anc
e
and
t
he
f
eas
i
bi
l
i
t
y
i
n
t
er
m
of
c
os
t
,
benef
i
t
s
as
w
el
l
as
t
h
e
t
ec
h
ni
c
a
l
and
ec
o
nom
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c
f
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i
bi
l
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t
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of
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de
v
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ent
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n Ma
l
a
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a.
F
r
o
m
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pap
er
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c
an
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ai
d
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M
a
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ec
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i
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ut
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c
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ul
at
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n r
es
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v
e s
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t
hat
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t
em
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ev
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per
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or
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anc
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m
pl
e r
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es
e
x
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s
t
i
n
M
al
a
y
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i
a
971
824
895
754
786
473
619
581
513
573
680
716
2102
1563
1591
1277
1412
774
1023
998
782
955
1045
1400
0
1000
2000
3000
E
ne
r
gy
O
ut
p
ut
(
kW
h)
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ont
h
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r
gy
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om
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om
pe
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
K
A
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o
l.
1
4
,
N
o
.
3
,
S
ept
em
ber
201
6
:
8
07
–
81
4
814
f
or
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ar
app
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at
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ons
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t
i
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ar
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e t
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c
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y
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f
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D
s
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t
em
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her
C
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t
ec
hn
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o
gi
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H
o
w
e
v
er
,
t
he c
ons
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nt
s
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Ma
l
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i
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ent
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ai
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om
e
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t
he
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et
eor
ol
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ac
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as
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ai
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f
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t
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D
N
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.
H
i
gh
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l
of
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ai
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c
l
o
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h
um
i
di
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y
as
s
oc
i
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w
i
t
h t
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opi
c
al
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et
t
i
ngs
w
i
l
l
m
a
k
e t
he r
es
our
c
es
f
or
c
onc
ent
r
at
i
ng s
o
l
ar
p
o
w
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a
l
l
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es
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t
ha
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quat
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and
af
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t
t
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p
o
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ut
and
t
he
a
nn
ual
e
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g
y
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ex
c
ept
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f
or
c
er
t
a
i
n
t
i
m
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t
he
y
ear
.
B
es
i
des
,
t
hes
e
l
i
m
i
t
at
i
ons
c
an
be
o
v
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om
e t
hr
ough
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nno
v
at
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o
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h
on
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D
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t
em
,
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i
al
l
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i
n t
he M
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a
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s
i
a t
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op
i
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en
v
i
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ent
.
A
c
k
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g
e
m
e
n
ts
T
he aut
hor
s
w
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l
d l
i
k
e t
o gr
at
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ul
l
y
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k
now
l
ed
ge t
h
e f
und
i
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up
por
t
pr
o
v
i
ded
b
y
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T
eM
and t
he
Mi
ni
s
t
r
y
of
E
duc
a
t
i
on M
al
a
y
s
i
a
und
er
t
he
r
es
ear
c
h gr
ant
N
o:
F
R
G
S
/
2/
201
3/
T
K
02/
F
K
E
/
0
1/
F
001
67.
R
ef
er
en
ces
[1
]
H
ow
ar
d
D
F
,
H
ar
l
ey
R
G
,
Li
ang J
,
V
enay
aga
m
o
or
t
hy
G
K
.
E
f
f
ec
t
s
of
v
ar
i
ab
l
e s
o
l
ar
i
r
r
a
di
a
nc
e on t
h
e
r
eac
t
i
v
e
pow
er
c
om
pe
ns
at
i
on
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or
l
ar
ge
s
ol
ar
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ar
m
.
I
n
B
ul
k
P
ow
er
S
y
s
t
em
D
y
nam
i
c
s
an
d
C
ont
r
o
l
(i
R
EP)
-
VI
I
I
i
R
EP Sy
m
p
o
s
i
u
m
.
2010:
1
-
8.
[2
]
Li
Y.
D
i
s
h
-
S
t
i
r
l
i
ng
s
o
l
ar
pow
er
pl
ant
s
:
m
ode
l
i
n
g,
a
nal
y
s
i
s
,
and
c
o
nt
r
o
l
of
r
ec
ei
v
er
T
e
m
per
a
t
ur
e
.
S
us
t
a
i
nab
l
e E
n
er
g
y
,
I
E
E
E
T
r
a
ns
a
c
t
i
o
ns
on
.
2
014;
5(
2)
:
398
-
407.
[3
]
P
ow
el
l
MA
,
R
a
w
l
i
ns
on
K
.
P
er
f
or
m
anc
e m
app
i
ng o
f
t
he S
T
M
4
-
120
k
i
nem
at
i
c
S
t
i
r
l
i
ng en
gi
n
e us
i
ng
a
s
t
at
i
s
t
i
c
a
l
des
i
gn o
f
ex
per
i
m
en
t
s
m
et
hod
.
S
and
i
a N
at
i
ona
l
La
bs
.
A
l
b
uqu
er
que
,
N
M
,
U
ni
t
ed S
t
at
es
.
N
o
:
SAN
D
--
92
-
2869C
,
CO
NF
-
930
804
-
6.
199
2
[4
]
SAI
C
(Sc
i
e
n
c
e
Ap
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
on
s
I
n
t
er
nat
i
ona
l
C
or
por
at
i
o
n)
.
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a
c
e
t
D
ev
el
opm
e
nt
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or
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a
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et
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d
S
t
r
et
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h
ed
-
Me
m
br
ane D
i
s
h b
y
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A
I
C
.
A
l
bu
quer
qu
e,
N
M
:
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andi
a
N
at
i
ona
l
Labor
at
or
i
es
.
R
epor
t
nu
m
b
er
:
S
A
ND9
1
-
7008
.
199
1.
[5
]
P
heng
LG
,
A
f
f
and
i
R
,
A
b
G
hani
M
R
,
G
an
C
K
,
J
ano
Z
,
S
ut
i
k
no
T
.
A
r
ev
i
ew
of
P
ar
abol
i
c
D
i
s
h
-
S
t
i
r
l
ing
E
ngi
ne S
y
s
t
em
bas
ed on
c
on
c
ent
r
at
i
n
g s
o
l
ar
p
ow
er
.
T
E
LK
O
M
N
I
K
A
(
T
el
ec
om
m
uni
c
at
i
o
n
C
om
put
i
n
g
E
l
ec
t
r
oni
c
s
and
C
o
nt
r
o
l
)
.
2
01
4;
12
(
4)
:
114
2
-
11
52.
[6
]
G
ünt
her
M
,
S
hahbaz
f
ar
R
,
F
end
T
,
H
am
dan M
.
S
ol
ar
D
i
s
h
T
ec
hnol
ogy
.
S
c
h
l
ai
c
h B
er
ger
m
ann u
n
d
Pa
rt
n
e
r:
Eu
r
o
D
is
h
S
t
i
r
l
i
ng S
y
s
t
em
D
e
s
c
r
i
pt
i
on.
A
new
d
ec
e
nt
r
al
i
z
ed S
ol
ar
P
ow
er
T
e
c
hn
ol
o
g
y
.
[7
]
Ke
c
k
T
,
S
c
hi
e,
W
.
E
nv
i
r
oD
i
s
h
and E
ur
oD
i
s
h S
y
s
t
em
an
d S
t
a
t
us
.
In
P
r
oc
eedi
ng
s
of
I
S
E
S
S
ol
ar
W
o
r
l
d
C
ongr
es
s
.
2003
.
[8
]
Lov
egr
ov
e
K
, S
te
i
n
W
.
C
o
nc
en
t
r
at
i
ng
s
ol
ar
pow
er
t
e
c
hnol
o
gy
:
pr
i
nc
i
pl
e
s
,
dev
el
o
p
m
ent
s
a
nd
appl
i
c
at
i
on
s
.
E
ls
e
v
ie
r
.
20
12.
[9
]
Bre
h
m
P
.
C
onc
ent
r
a
t
i
ng
S
ol
ar
P
ow
er
S
y
s
t
em
s
D
i
s
h
I
nn
ov
at
i
on.
V
P
,
B
us
i
ne
s
s
D
ev
e
l
opm
ent
&
G
ov
er
nm
ent
R
el
at
i
on
s
.
2
009.
[1
0
]
K
anef
f
S
.
T
he
W
h
i
t
e
C
l
i
f
f
s
P
r
o
j
ec
t
O
v
er
v
i
ew
f
or
t
he
p
er
i
o
d
1
979
–
89
.
N
S
W
O
f
f
i
c
e
of
E
ner
g
y
.
S
y
dne
y
,
Au
s
t
ra
l
i
a
.
199
1.
[1
1
]
Lov
egr
ov
e K
,
Bu
rg
es
s
G
,
P
y
e J
.
A
new
500
m
2
par
abol
o
i
da
l
d
i
s
h
s
ol
ar
c
o
nc
e
nt
r
at
or
.
S
ol
ar
E
ner
gy
.
20
11;
85
(4
)
:
620
-
626.
[1
2
]
B
u
c
k
R,
He
l
l
e
r
P
,
K
o
c
h
H.
R
ec
ei
v
er
de
v
el
opm
ent
f
or
a D
i
s
h
-
B
r
a
yt
o
n
s
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m
.
A
m
er
i
c
an
S
oc
i
et
y
o
f
M
ec
hani
c
a
l
E
ng
i
ne
er
s
.
N
ew
Y
or
k
,
N
Y
(
U
ni
t
ed S
t
at
e
s
)
.
No
:
CO
NF
-
960311
7
.
1
996.
[1
3
]
R
os
nan
i
A
.
M
odel
i
ng,
S
i
m
ul
at
i
on
and
F
e
as
i
bi
l
i
t
y
S
t
udy
of
t
h
e
P
ar
abol
i
c
D
i
s
h
S
y
s
t
e
m
unde
r
M
al
ay
s
i
a
E
nv
i
r
onm
e
nt
.
P
hD
T
hes
i
s
.
U
n
iv
er
s
i
t
i
T
ek
ni
k
al
M
al
ay
s
i
a M
el
a
k
a;
2
016.
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