T
E
L
K
O
M
N
I
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
un
ica
t
io
n,
Co
m
pu
t
ing
,
E
lect
ro
nics
a
nd
Co
ntr
o
l
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
2
0
2
1
,
p
p
.
1
1
8
5
~
1
1
9
6
I
SS
N:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
,
ac
cr
ed
ited
First Gr
ad
e
b
y
Kem
en
r
is
tek
d
i
k
ti,
Dec
r
ee
No
: 2
1
/E/KPT
/2
0
1
8
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
2
9
2
8
/TE
L
KOM
NI
K
A.
v
1
9
i4
.
1
8
4
6
5
1185
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//jo
u
r
n
a
l.u
a
d
.
a
c.
id
/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/TELK
OM
N
I
K
A
A det
a
iled
review
of
blo
ckcha
in
-
ba
sed a
pplica
tions
f
o
r
pro
tect
io
n ag
a
ins
t
pa
ndemic
like
C
O
VID
-
19
M
o
us
a
M
o
ha
m
m
ed
K
hu
bra
ni,
S
ha
da
b
A
la
m
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
,
Ja
z
a
n
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
Ja
z
a
n
,
Kin
g
d
o
m
o
f
S
a
u
d
i
Ara
b
ia
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
No
v
8
,
2
0
2
0
R
ev
is
ed
Ma
r
3
,
2
0
2
1
Acc
ep
ted
Ma
r
1
1
,
2
0
2
1
Th
e
re
c
e
n
t
c
o
ro
n
a
v
iru
s
d
ise
a
se
(
COV
ID
-
19
)
p
a
n
d
e
m
ic
h
a
s
b
ro
u
g
h
t
th
e
issu
e
s
o
f
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ica
l
d
e
ficie
n
c
ies
a
n
d
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
o
f
se
c
u
rit
y
a
n
d
p
ri
v
a
c
y
,
v
a
li
d
a
ti
n
g
a
n
d
m
a
in
tain
i
n
g
a
n
o
n
y
m
it
y
,
u
se
r
c
o
n
tro
l
o
v
e
r
re
c
o
r
d
s
wh
il
e
fu
ll
y
u
ti
li
z
i
n
g
t
h
e
a
v
a
il
a
b
le
re
c
o
r
d
s
e
tc.,
th
a
t
c
a
n
b
e
e
n
c
o
u
n
tere
d
in
a
n
e
m
e
rg
e
n
c
y
o
r
p
a
n
d
e
m
ic
c
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
.
Bl
o
c
k
c
h
a
in
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
h
a
s
e
v
o
l
v
e
d
a
s
a
p
r
o
m
isin
g
so
lu
ti
o
n
in
c
o
n
d
it
io
n
s
th
a
t
n
e
c
e
ss
it
a
te
imm
u
tab
il
it
y
,
re
c
o
rd
i
n
te
g
rit
y
,
a
n
d
p
ro
p
e
r
re
c
o
rd
s
a
u
t
h
e
n
ti
c
a
ti
o
n
.
Blo
c
k
c
h
a
i
n
c
a
n
e
ffe
c
ti
v
e
ly
r
e
so
lv
e
th
e
tec
h
n
ica
l
b
a
rriers
a
n
d
e
ffe
c
ti
v
e
ly
u
t
i
li
z
e
th
e
a
v
a
il
a
b
le
re
so
u
rc
e
s
a
n
d
in
fra
stru
c
tu
re
in
p
a
n
d
e
m
ic
situ
a
ti
o
n
s
li
k
e
t
h
e
c
u
rre
n
t
COV
ID
-
1
9
.
Th
is
p
a
p
e
r
p
ro
v
id
e
s
a
n
e
x
ten
siv
e
re
v
iew
o
f
v
a
rio
u
s
p
o
ss
ib
le
u
se
c
a
se
s
o
f
b
l
o
c
k
c
h
a
in
a
n
d
a
v
a
il
a
b
le
so
l
u
ti
o
n
s
fo
r
p
r
o
tec
ti
o
n
a
g
a
in
st
th
e
COV
ID
-
1
9
li
k
e
si
tu
a
ti
o
n
.
It
g
iv
e
s
a
n
in
si
g
h
t
in
t
o
t
h
e
b
e
n
e
fit
s
a
n
d
s
h
o
rtc
o
m
in
g
s
o
f
a
v
a
il
a
b
le
s
o
lu
ti
o
n
s
.
It
fu
rth
e
r
p
ro
v
id
e
s
t
h
e
issu
e
s
a
n
d
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
o
f
a
d
o
p
ti
n
g
b
lo
c
k
c
h
a
in
i
n
a
situ
a
ti
o
n
li
k
e
COV
ID
-
1
9
a
n
d
s
u
g
g
e
st
f
u
tu
re
d
irec
ti
o
n
s
th
a
t
c
a
n
o
ffe
r
a
p
latfo
rm
fo
r
fu
rt
h
e
r
imp
r
o
v
e
d
a
n
d
b
e
tt
e
r
so
l
u
ti
o
n
s.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
B
lo
ck
ch
ain
C
OVI
D
-
19
E
lectr
o
n
ic
h
ea
lth
r
ec
o
r
d
Hea
lth
ca
r
e
Priv
ac
y
Secu
r
ity
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Sh
ad
ab
Alam
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
C
o
m
p
u
ter
Scie
n
ce
J
az
an
Un
iv
er
s
ity
J
az
an
,
Kin
g
d
o
m
o
f
Sau
d
i A
r
a
b
ia
E
m
ail:
s
4
s
h
ad
ab
@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
B
lo
ck
ch
ain
h
as
ar
is
en
as
a
h
ig
h
ly
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
an
d
s
ec
u
r
e
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
tam
p
e
r
-
p
r
o
o
f
r
ec
o
r
d
s
to
r
ag
e.
B
lo
ck
ch
ain
is
an
ev
o
lv
in
g
f
ield
an
d
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
an
d
s
u
g
g
ested
in
m
an
y
co
n
tex
ts
,
m
ai
n
ly
wh
er
e
c
o
n
f
id
e
n
ce
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
ar
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
cr
itical
f
ac
to
r
s
.
I
t
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
im
ar
ily
r
elate
d
to
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
a
n
d
f
in
an
cial
tr
an
s
f
er
s
in
itially
b
u
t
is
n
o
w
b
ein
g
ap
p
lied
in
th
e
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
a
n
d
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
f
ield
s
.
I
n
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
a
g
lo
b
al
p
an
d
em
i
c
s
u
ch
as
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
tate
o
f
lo
ck
-
u
p
an
d
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
in
s
tab
il
ity
d
u
e
to
th
e
c
o
r
o
n
a
v
ir
u
s
d
i
s
ea
s
e
(
C
OVI
D
-
19
)
cr
is
is
,
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
will
b
e
th
e
p
er
f
ec
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t
p
latf
o
r
m
t
o
tr
ac
k
,
ar
c
h
i
v
e,
m
a
n
ag
e
m
u
ltip
le
d
ata,
s
ep
ar
ate
o
r
g
an
i
z
atio
n
s
an
d
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ai
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es.
I
n
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
itu
atio
n
,
th
e
m
o
s
t
cr
u
cial
th
in
g
t
h
at
ca
n
aid
ap
ar
t
f
r
o
m
m
ed
ical
tr
ea
tm
en
t
is
to
m
ain
tain
co
n
f
id
en
ce
in
k
n
o
wled
g
e
s
h
a
r
in
g
.
W
h
en
co
llab
o
r
atin
g
,
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
d
is
tan
t
ar
ea
s
,
m
o
n
i
to
r
in
g
v
ital
m
ed
ical
k
its
an
d
n
ec
ess
ar
y
d
r
u
g
s
,
r
ec
o
g
n
izin
g
s
u
s
p
icio
u
s
ca
s
es
an
d
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
,
a
n
d
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
p
atien
ts
,
th
e
q
u
ar
an
tin
e
d
co
m
m
u
n
ity
is
ch
allen
g
in
g
.
Var
io
u
s
in
ter
n
et
o
f
th
in
g
(
I
o
T
)
-
b
ased
s
m
ar
t te
ch
n
o
lo
g
ies f
o
r
tr
ac
k
in
g
an
d
g
ath
er
in
g
p
atien
t
d
ata
h
av
e
b
ee
n
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
[
1
]
.
Sti
ll,
th
e
tr
u
s
t
an
d
p
r
o
tectio
n
o
f
th
o
s
e
d
ata
ar
e
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
o
b
s
tacle
to
s
u
ch
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
d
u
e
to
v
ar
io
u
s
s
e
cu
r
ity
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
in
I
o
T
-
b
ased
ap
p
licatio
n
s
an
d
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
s
to
r
ag
e
d
u
e
t
o
in
h
er
en
t
s
ec
u
r
ity
is
s
u
es
th
at
ca
n
b
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
s
o
lv
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
B
lo
ck
ch
ain
-
b
ased
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
[2
]
-
[
6
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t 2
0
2
1
:
1
1
8
5
-
1
1
9
6
1186
Asi
d
e
f
r
o
m
c
o
n
tr
o
llin
g
in
f
ec
tio
u
s
d
is
ea
s
es,
a
v
ac
cin
e
is
a
s
ec
o
n
d
c
h
o
ice.
I
n
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
,
o
n
ce
th
e
v
ac
ci
n
e
is
r
ea
d
y
,
a
s
a
f
e
an
d
ef
f
icien
t
s
u
p
p
ly
c
h
ain
wo
u
ld
b
e
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
n
ce
r
n
.
Du
e
to
em
er
g
e
n
cy
an
d
s
y
s
tem
ic
leak
ag
e,
t
h
e
r
is
k
o
f
m
is
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
v
ac
ci
n
e
o
r
f
r
au
d
in
th
e
s
u
p
p
ly
o
f
m
is
cr
ea
n
ts
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
r
u
led
o
u
t.
T
h
e
B
lo
ck
ch
a
in
-
b
ased
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
ca
n
ea
s
ily
tr
ac
k
an
d
m
o
n
ito
r
th
e
n
ea
r
-
au
to
m
ated
s
u
p
p
ly
o
f
v
ac
cin
es,
v
ital d
r
u
g
s
an
d
m
ed
ical
d
ev
ice
s
s
af
ely
an
d
r
eliab
ly
[
7
]
.
I
n
th
is
r
esear
ch
,
we
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
t
o
ex
am
in
e
t
h
e
v
ar
i
o
u
s
f
ac
to
r
s
r
elev
an
t
to
th
e
p
an
d
em
ic
s
itu
atio
n
,
s
u
ch
as
C
OVI
D
-
19
an
d
b
lo
ck
ch
ai
n
ap
p
licatio
n
,
to
r
eso
lv
e
s
u
c
h
is
s
u
es.
It
w
ill
h
elp
id
en
tify
th
e
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
t
o
s
h
ar
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
tr
ac
k
th
e
cr
itical
s
u
p
p
ly
c
h
ain
,
a
n
d
tr
e
at
p
atien
ts
u
s
in
g
a
n
in
te
g
r
ate
d
an
d
s
af
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
alo
n
g
with
th
e
tr
ac
i
n
g
an
d
r
e
liab
ly
q
u
ar
a
n
tin
in
g
o
f
s
u
s
p
icio
u
s
ca
s
es
eith
er
in
th
eir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
h
o
m
es
o
r
i
n
d
esig
n
ated
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t lo
ca
tio
n
s
.
T
h
er
e
is
n
o
s
u
ch
cu
r
e
av
ailab
le
as
v
ac
cin
atio
n
,
a
n
d
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
co
m
p
a
n
ies
an
d
c
o
u
n
tr
ies
ar
e
wo
r
k
in
g
to
g
eth
er
to
g
ath
e
r
an
d
ex
ch
an
g
e
m
ed
ical
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
m
ain
tain
th
e
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ai
n
.
E
f
f
ec
tiv
e
s
u
r
v
eillan
ce
an
d
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
af
f
ec
te
d
p
o
p
u
latio
n
is
th
e
o
n
ly
way
t
o
co
u
n
ter
ac
t
th
e
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
.
I
t
i
s
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
p
r
ed
ict
s
u
s
p
ec
t
ed
in
f
ec
tio
n
-
p
r
o
n
e
in
d
i
v
id
u
als
p
r
o
v
id
ed
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
o
f
tr
av
el
an
d
p
u
b
lic
h
ea
lth
r
ep
o
r
ts
lik
e
h
ea
r
t
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
d
iab
etes
is
av
ailab
le
[
8
]
.
Als
o
,
it
will
h
elp
in
id
en
tify
in
g
th
o
s
e
wh
o
wo
u
l
d
b
e
wo
r
s
t
af
f
ec
ted
.
I
t
m
ay
h
av
e
h
elp
ed
to
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
th
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
ch
ain
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
to
lo
ca
tio
n
-
b
ased
d
ata.
T
h
is
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
will
f
o
cu
s
o
n
th
ese
cr
iter
ia
an
d
a
n
aly
z
e
th
e
p
o
te
n
tial
r
em
ed
ial
m
o
d
el
u
n
d
er
th
ese
cir
cu
m
s
t
an
ce
s
to
ef
f
icien
tly
co
n
tr
o
l th
e
d
is
ea
s
e.
Ov
er
th
e
p
ast
d
ec
ad
e,
b
lo
ck
c
h
ain
h
as
em
er
g
ed
as
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
ex
citin
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
,
attr
ac
tin
g
a
ca
d
em
ia
an
d
in
d
u
s
tr
y
atten
ti
o
n
.
I
n
a
2
0
0
8
wh
ite
p
a
p
er
,
N
ak
am
o
to
f
ir
s
t
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
is
d
ef
in
itio
n
[
9
]
.
I
t
is
a
ty
p
e
o
f
d
ec
en
tr
ali
z
ed
led
g
er
o
f
f
er
in
g
im
m
u
tab
ilit
y
,
in
teg
r
i
ty
an
d
s
ec
u
r
e
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
.
B
lo
ck
ch
ain
ev
o
l
v
ed
f
r
o
m
B
itco
in
an
d
f
u
r
th
er
ap
p
lied
th
e
s
m
ar
t
co
n
tr
ac
t
c
o
n
ce
p
t
to
r
ec
o
r
d
a
u
to
m
ated
ex
ec
u
tio
n
o
f
f
in
an
cial
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
an
d
s
to
r
ag
e
in
a
p
u
b
lic
led
g
er
[
4
]
,
[
1
0
]
.
No
w
t
h
e
th
ir
d
g
e
n
er
atio
n
o
f
b
lo
c
k
ch
ain
is
b
ein
g
u
s
ed
in
non
-
f
i
n
an
cial
tr
a
n
s
ac
tio
n
s
an
d
r
ec
o
r
d
k
ee
p
in
g
.
T
h
e
i
n
h
er
en
t
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
o
f
im
m
u
tab
ilit
y
,
d
ec
en
tr
ali
z
atio
n
an
d
in
teg
r
ity
s
u
p
p
o
r
t h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
d
o
m
ain
s
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
cr
y
p
t
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
to
o
ls
f
o
r
s
ec
u
r
e
r
ec
o
r
d
s
to
r
ag
e
[
1
1
]
.
B
lo
ck
ch
ain
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
is
s
u
it
ab
le
f
o
r
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
a
n
a
p
p
lic
atio
n
to
co
u
n
ter
th
e
p
a
n
d
em
i
c
s
it
u
atio
n
lik
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
d
u
e
to
its
in
h
er
e
n
t
attr
ib
u
tes.
T
h
is
s
u
r
v
ey
r
ev
iews
th
e
b
lo
ck
c
h
ain
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
v
ar
io
u
s
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
d
o
m
ain
s
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
co
u
n
ter
in
g
th
e
p
an
d
e
m
ic
lik
e
co
n
tact
tr
ac
in
g
,
clin
ical
tr
ial
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
d
r
u
g
s
u
p
p
l
y
ch
ain
,
d
o
n
atio
n
tr
ac
k
i
n
g
,
d
ata
s
to
r
ag
e,
m
ain
tain
in
g
u
s
er
r
ec
o
r
d
p
r
iv
ac
y
,
ea
r
ly
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
v
u
ln
e
r
ab
le
p
o
p
u
latio
n
an
d
o
u
t
b
r
ea
k
d
etec
ti
o
n
.
Ap
ar
t
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
ad
v
an
tag
es,
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
h
as
s
o
m
e
lim
itatio
n
s
,
lik
e
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
an
d
in
ter
o
p
er
ab
ilit
y
[
1
2
]
.
T
ab
le
1
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
a
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
B
lo
ck
ch
ain
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
with
ce
n
tr
alize
d
a
r
ch
itec
tu
r
e
o
n
v
a
r
io
u
s
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
f
u
r
th
er
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
ad
v
an
tag
es
o
f
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
a
d
ap
tatio
n
,
lim
itatio
n
s
an
d
f
u
tu
r
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
o
th
at
an
y
n
e
w
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
r
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
ca
n
co
n
s
id
er
th
ese
asp
ec
ts
f
o
r
a
b
etter
an
d
r
eliab
le
s
o
lu
t
io
n
.
T
h
is
ar
ticle
is
o
r
g
an
i
z
ed
as
f
o
llo
ws.
Sectio
n
2
g
u
id
es
th
e
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
b
lo
ck
ch
ai
n
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
g
en
er
al
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
.
I
n
s
ec
tio
n
3
,
we
h
av
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
u
s
e
ca
s
es
o
f
b
lo
c
k
ch
ain
ap
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
co
u
n
ter
in
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
.
Sectio
n
4
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
an
an
aly
tical
r
ev
iew
o
f
th
e
av
ailab
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
wh
ile
d
is
cu
s
s
in
g
th
eir
f
u
n
ctio
n
alities
an
d
s
h
o
r
tco
m
i
n
g
s
,
an
d
s
ec
tio
n
5
o
f
f
er
s
is
s
u
es
an
d
co
n
ce
r
n
s
in
its
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
I
n
last
,
s
ec
tio
n
6
p
r
o
v
id
e
f
u
tu
r
e
d
ir
ec
t
io
n
s
an
d
en
d
with
th
e
c
o
n
clu
s
i
o
n
in
s
ec
tio
n
7
.
T
ab
le
1
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
u
s
in
g
a
ce
n
tr
ali
z
ed
v
s
b
lo
ck
c
h
ain
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
C
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
C
e
n
t
r
a
l
i
z
e
d
A
r
c
h
i
t
e
c
t
u
r
e
B
l
o
c
k
c
h
a
i
n
A
r
c
h
i
t
e
c
t
u
r
e
D
a
t
a
I
n
t
e
g
r
i
t
y
D
a
t
a
c
a
n
b
e
mo
d
i
f
i
e
d
O
n
c
e
d
a
t
a
i
s
r
e
c
o
r
d
e
d
,
i
t
i
s
i
mm
u
t
a
b
l
e
a
n
d
c
a
n
n
o
t
b
e
a
l
t
e
r
e
d
C
o
s
t
o
f
I
mp
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
M
a
i
n
t
a
i
n
a
n
c
e
C
o
s
t
i
s l
e
ss
a
s
i
t
i
s
a
st
a
n
d
a
r
d
i
z
e
d
m
o
d
e
l
a
n
d
e
a
s
y
t
o
i
m
p
l
e
me
n
t
.
E
x
p
e
r
t
s
a
r
e
e
a
si
l
y
a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
C
o
s
t
,
i
n
t
h
e
b
e
g
i
n
n
i
n
g
,
w
i
l
l
b
e
h
i
g
h
a
s
i
t
i
s
a
n
e
w
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
i
n
g
t
o
f
i
n
d
e
x
p
e
r
t
s
.
T
h
e
i
n
i
t
i
a
l
t
r
a
n
s
i
t
i
o
n
i
s
a
l
s
o
c
o
s
t
h
i
g
h
F
a
u
l
t
To
l
e
r
a
n
c
e
S
u
sce
p
t
i
b
l
e
t
o
s
i
n
g
l
e
-
p
o
i
n
t
o
f
f
a
i
l
u
r
e
R
e
c
o
r
d
s a
r
e
d
i
st
r
i
b
u
t
e
d
,
a
n
d
n
o
r
i
s
k
o
f
si
n
g
l
e
-
p
o
i
n
t
o
f
f
a
i
l
u
r
e
.
H
i
g
h
f
a
u
l
t
t
o
l
e
r
a
n
c
e
S
c
a
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
P
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
H
i
g
h
e
r
c
h
a
n
c
e
o
f
s
c
a
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
S
c
a
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
i
s a
c
o
n
c
e
r
n
,
e
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
l
y
f
o
r
p
u
b
l
i
c
b
l
o
c
k
c
h
a
i
n
s.
P
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
i
s
sl
o
w
e
r
i
n
c
o
mp
a
r
i
s
o
n
t
o
a
c
e
n
t
r
a
l
i
z
e
d
a
r
c
h
i
t
e
c
t
u
r
e
D
a
t
a
P
r
i
v
a
c
y
P
r
o
n
e
t
o
c
y
b
e
r
a
t
t
a
c
k
S
t
o
r
e
d
d
a
t
a
i
s s
e
c
u
r
e
d
u
si
n
g
c
r
y
p
t
o
g
r
a
p
h
i
c
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
.
H
i
g
h
l
e
v
e
l
o
f
d
a
t
a
p
r
i
v
a
c
y
Tr
a
n
s
p
a
r
e
n
c
y
N
o
t
v
e
r
y
m
u
c
h
t
r
a
n
sp
a
r
e
n
t
D
a
t
a
st
o
r
e
d
o
n
b
l
o
c
k
c
h
a
i
n
a
r
e
h
i
g
h
l
y
t
r
a
n
s
p
a
r
e
n
t
a
n
d
a
u
d
i
t
a
b
l
e
A
n
o
n
y
mi
t
y
N
o
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
D
a
t
a
c
a
n
b
e
ma
d
e
a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
d
i
scl
o
si
n
g
t
h
e
a
c
t
u
a
l
o
w
n
e
r
's i
d
e
n
t
i
t
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
A
d
eta
iled
r
ev
iew
o
f b
lo
ck
ch
a
in
-
b
a
s
ed
a
p
p
lica
tio
n
s
fo
r
… (
Mo
u
s
a
Mo
h
a
mme
d
K
h
u
b
r
a
n
i
)
1187
2.
B
L
O
CK
CH
A
I
N
T
E
CH
NO
L
O
G
Y
B
lo
ck
ch
ain
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
is
an
ev
o
lv
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
th
at
h
a
s
b
ee
n
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
ap
p
lied
in
s
ev
er
al
f
ield
s
,
p
r
im
ar
ily
in
f
in
an
cial
,
wh
ich
r
ec
o
r
d
-
k
ee
p
in
g
ap
p
lica
tio
n
s
.
Var
io
u
s
ex
p
er
im
en
ts
in
d
iv
er
s
e
f
ield
s
ar
e
o
n
g
o
in
g
to
ef
f
ec
tiv
el
y
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
an
d
ev
al
u
ate
v
ar
io
u
s
b
e
n
ef
its
an
d
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
es
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
3
]
.
B
lo
ck
ch
ai
n
is
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
in
f
in
an
cial
t
r
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
Sti
ll,
m
an
y
o
th
er
ar
ea
s
,
s
u
ch
as
lan
d
r
ec
o
r
d
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t,
e
-
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
en
t,
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
,
f
o
o
d
s
u
p
p
l
y
,
I
o
T
p
r
o
tectio
n
,
elec
tr
icity
,
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
an
d
in
s
u
r
an
ce
,
ar
e
ca
tch
in
g
up
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
.
Ma
n
y
n
ew
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
h
av
e
eith
er
b
ee
n
in
t
r
o
d
u
ce
d
o
r
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
th
e
p
ilo
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
ef
o
r
e
b
ein
g
f
u
lly
im
p
lem
en
te
d
[
1
6
]
.
Su
p
p
ly
cr
ed
ib
ilit
y
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
ain
elem
en
ts
o
f
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
m
an
ag
em
en
t
an
d
th
e
tim
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
f
r
ec
o
r
d
i
n
g
.
I
n
a
p
an
d
em
ic
ca
s
e,
th
e
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
as
n
ec
ess
ar
y
,
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
d
em
an
d
with
o
u
t
s
to
r
in
g
s
u
p
p
ly
as
s
u
p
p
l
y
o
f
v
ital
m
ater
ials
s
u
ch
as
v
en
tilato
r
s
,
m
ed
icatio
n
s
,
v
ac
cin
es
an
d
e
m
er
g
en
cy
k
its
,
ar
e
in
s
u
f
f
icien
t
an
d
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
e
ac
h
h
o
s
p
ital/lo
ca
tio
n
.
At
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e,
m
ain
tain
in
g
th
e
p
er
s
o
n
al
r
ec
o
r
d
s
o
f
p
atien
ts
an
d
o
f
f
en
d
er
s
,
tr
ac
k
i
n
g
th
eir
ac
tio
n
s
,
an
d
s
h
ar
i
n
g
th
is
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
with
to
tal
h
o
n
esty
an
d
f
air
n
ess
with
o
u
t a
f
f
ec
tin
g
an
in
d
iv
id
u
a
l's
p
r
iv
ac
y
,
is
eq
u
ally
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t in
th
is
ca
s
e.
I
n
b
o
t
h
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
b
lo
c
k
ch
ai
n
ca
n
b
e
an
id
ea
l
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
d
u
e
to
its
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
im
m
u
tab
ilit
y
,
s
tab
ilit
y
,
d
ec
en
tr
ali
z
atio
n
,
a
n
d
f
aster
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ject
aim
s
to
r
esear
ch
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
b
l
o
ck
ch
ain
v
ar
iab
les
th
at
ca
n
h
elp
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
ch
ai
n
in
a
p
an
d
e
m
ic
cr
is
is
wh
ile
en
s
u
r
in
g
s
u
p
p
lies
an
d
k
ee
p
in
g
a
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
t
r
ec
o
r
d
o
f
a
v
ailab
le
o
r
g
an
i
z
atio
n
s
with
cr
iter
ia
th
at
ca
n
h
elp
allo
w
th
e
b
e
s
t
p
o
s
s
ib
le
u
s
e
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
Ou
r
wo
r
k
d
ea
ls
wi
th
b
lo
c
k
ch
ain
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies
,
w
h
ich
c
an
h
elp
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
ef
f
ic
ien
cy
an
d
r
eliab
le
m
an
ag
em
en
t
o
f
th
e
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
an
d
h
elp
tr
ac
k
p
atien
ts
an
d
s
u
s
p
icio
u
s
ca
s
es
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
wh
ile
p
r
eser
v
in
g
an
o
n
y
m
ity
an
d
c
o
n
f
i
d
en
tiality
o
f
d
etails.
B
lo
ck
c
h
ain
is
k
n
o
wn
t
o
b
e
a
p
u
b
lic
led
g
er
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
w
o
r
k
in
g
s
af
el
y
an
d
co
n
f
id
en
tly
with
o
u
t
in
v
o
lv
in
g
an
y
th
ir
d
p
ar
ty
[
3
]
.
B
lo
ck
ch
ain
(
B
C
)
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
i
s
r
ec
o
g
n
i
z
ed
as
th
e
m
o
s
t
cr
u
c
ial
tr
en
d
in
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
th
at
ca
n
af
f
ec
t
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
in
g
an
d
r
ec
o
r
d
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
s
y
s
tem
s
in
all
f
ield
s
.
T
r
u
s
t
m
ain
ten
an
ce
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
r
elied
o
n
wh
e
n
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatin
g
wit
h
ea
ch
o
th
er
[
1
0
]
.
B
C
m
ay
id
en
tify
n
ew
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
o
r
way
s
o
f
tr
ac
k
in
g
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
,
ac
tiv
ities
an
d
ce
r
tify
in
g
o
wn
er
s
h
ip
,
u
s
in
g
th
e
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
d
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
an
d
in
teg
r
atin
g
ag
r
ee
m
en
t
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
to
s
u
s
tain
r
ec
o
r
d
s
[
1
7
]
.
Sev
er
al
p
o
s
s
ib
le
ad
v
an
tag
es
ca
n
b
e
class
if
ied
as
co
s
t
s
av
in
g
s
,
ef
f
icien
t su
r
v
eillan
ce
,
less
th
r
ea
t r
is
k
,
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
s
o
ci
al
tr
u
s
t p
r
o
tectio
n
a
n
d
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
th
ef
t
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
B
lo
ck
ch
ain
h
as
b
ee
n
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
u
s
ed
in
s
ev
er
al
s
ec
to
r
s
,
a
s
id
e
f
r
o
m
f
i
n
an
cial
s
er
v
ic
es,
wh
ich
ar
e
p
r
im
ar
y
ar
ea
s
o
f
a
d
o
p
tio
n
s
u
c
h
as e
-
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t,
s
o
cial
welf
ar
e,
lan
d
r
eg
is
tr
y
,
t
h
e
h
ea
lth
s
ec
to
r
,
th
e
elec
tr
icity
s
ec
to
r
an
d
th
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
s
ec
to
r
.
T
h
is
s
eg
m
en
t
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
e
k
ey
f
ea
tu
r
es
o
f
b
lo
c
k
ch
ain
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
t
o
h
elp
y
o
u
ap
p
r
ec
iate
th
e
r
est o
f
th
is
ar
ticle
.
2
.
1
.
O
v
er
v
iew
a
nd
a
rc
hite
ct
ure
o
f
blo
ck
cha
in
B
lo
ck
ch
ain
is
a
P2
P
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
ed
n
etwo
r
k
-
b
ased
led
g
er
.
T
h
e
r
ec
o
r
d
s
a
r
e
s
to
r
ed
i
n
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
b
lo
ck
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
.
E
ac
h
b
lo
ck
h
ea
d
e
r
k
ep
t
th
e
h
ash
o
f
th
e
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
b
lo
ck
,
an
d
th
ese
ar
e
tim
e
-
s
ta
m
p
ed
[
2
0
]
.
I
t
p
r
o
v
id
es
d
ec
e
n
tr
ali
z
atio
n
an
d
im
m
u
tab
ilit
y
by
r
en
d
er
in
g
th
e
led
g
er
o
p
en
to
all
u
s
er
s
th
at
m
ak
es
b
lo
ck
ch
ai
n
h
ac
k
-
p
r
o
o
f
.
I
t
is
ce
n
s
o
r
s
h
ip
-
r
e
s
is
tan
t
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
es
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
b
y
o
f
f
e
r
in
g
a
c
o
p
y
to
all
p
e
er
s
to
s
ee
all
tim
e
-
s
tam
p
ed
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
an
d
f
u
r
t
h
er
p
r
o
v
id
e
an
o
n
y
m
ity
.
2
.
2
.
T
a
x
o
no
my
o
f
blo
ck
cha
i
n (
t
y
pes
)
Fo
u
r
ty
p
es
o
f
em
er
g
in
g
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
n
etwo
r
k
s
ar
e
class
if
ied
:
p
u
b
lic,
p
r
iv
ate,
co
n
s
o
r
tiu
m
a
n
d
h
y
b
r
id
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
−
Pu
b
lic
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
:
T
h
is
ty
p
e
o
f
b
lo
ck
c
h
ain
o
f
f
er
s
a
co
m
p
le
tely
o
p
en
n
etwo
r
k
wh
er
e
ea
c
h
p
ar
ticip
an
t
ca
n
p
ar
tic
ip
ate
in
th
e
c
o
n
s
en
s
u
s
m
ec
h
an
is
m
.
−
Priv
ate
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
:
E
ac
h
u
s
e
r
in
s
u
ch
a
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
r
e
q
u
ir
es
p
er
m
is
s
io
n
to
jo
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
an
d
th
ese
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
will b
e
k
n
o
w
n
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
.
−
C
o
n
s
o
r
tiu
m
b
lo
c
k
ch
ain
:
A
co
n
s
o
r
tiu
m
b
lo
ck
ch
ai
n
wo
r
k
s
ac
r
o
s
s
m
o
r
e
t
h
an
o
n
e
o
r
g
an
i
z
atio
n
.
I
t
wo
r
k
s
as
a
p
u
b
lic
b
lo
c
k
ch
ain
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
ar
ti
cip
atin
g
o
r
g
an
i
z
atio
n
s
.
−
Hy
b
r
id
b
lo
ck
c
h
ain
:
Hy
b
r
id
b
l
o
ck
ch
ain
s
h
av
e
g
o
o
d
p
r
o
p
er
ti
es
o
f
b
o
th
p
r
i
v
ate
an
d
p
u
b
lic
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
ar
e
co
m
b
in
ed
in
to
th
e
m
ix
e
d
b
lo
c
k
ch
ain
.
Selecte
d
p
r
e
d
ef
i
n
ed
n
o
d
es
lik
e
p
r
iv
ate
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
d
o
th
e
co
n
s
en
s
u
s
,
b
u
t tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
ar
e
s
h
ar
e
d
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
lik
e
th
e
p
u
b
lic
b
lo
ck
ch
ai
n
.
2
.
3
.
B
lo
c
k
cha
in us
e
ca
s
es in
hea
lt
hca
re
Hea
lth
ca
r
e
is
a
s
u
itab
le
u
s
e
-
ca
s
e
o
f
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
ap
p
licatio
n
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
b
lo
ck
c
h
ain
f
ield
s
is
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
[
2
3
]
.
So
m
e
o
f
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
b
lo
ck
c
h
ain
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
ar
e:
−
E
lectr
o
n
ic
h
ea
lth
r
ec
o
r
d
(
E
HR
)
−
R
em
o
te
p
atien
t
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
−
Hea
lth
in
s
u
r
an
ce
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t 2
0
2
1
:
1
1
8
5
-
1
1
9
6
1188
−
Ph
ar
m
a
s
u
p
p
ly
c
h
ain
−
Dis
ea
s
e/
p
an
d
em
ic
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
B
lo
ck
ch
ain
ca
n
b
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
el
y
u
s
ed
f
o
r
m
an
a
g
in
g
th
e
p
an
d
em
ic
s
itu
atio
n
lik
e
cu
r
r
en
t
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
f
o
r
ea
r
l
y
d
etec
tio
n
,
v
ac
ci
n
e
s
u
p
p
ly
c
h
ain
,
co
n
tact
tr
ac
in
g
an
d
o
th
er
asp
ec
ts
u
s
in
g
th
e
av
ailab
le
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e.
3.
B
L
O
CK
CH
A
I
N
AP
P
L
I
CA
T
I
O
N
F
O
R
CO
UN
T
E
R
I
NG
P
ANDE
M
I
C
(
CO
VI
D
-
1
9
)
Alth
o
u
g
h
B
lo
ck
ch
ain
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
was
in
itially
d
ev
elo
p
ed
f
o
r
m
an
ag
in
g
f
in
an
cial
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
,
later
on
,
it
was
u
s
ed
in
ea
ch
d
o
m
ain
wh
er
e
tr
u
s
ted
,
s
ec
u
r
e
a
n
d
im
m
u
tab
le
r
ec
o
r
d
-
k
ee
p
in
g
is
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
.
T
h
ese
do
ma
in
s
ca
n
b
e
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e,
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
,
f
i
n
an
ce
,
s
o
cial
s
ec
u
r
ity
s
ch
em
es
an
y
m
a
n
y
m
o
r
e.
I
n
p
an
d
em
ic
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
th
e
tr
u
s
t
an
d
s
e
cu
r
ity
o
f
r
ec
o
r
d
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
f
ac
to
r
;
th
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
i
s
a
v
er
y
s
u
itab
le
u
s
e
ca
s
e
f
o
r
B
lo
ck
ch
ain
ad
o
p
tio
n
.
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
u
s
e
-
ca
s
e
o
f
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
b
lo
c
k
ch
ain
f
o
r
co
n
tain
in
g
an
d
co
u
n
ter
in
g
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
s
itu
atio
n
h
as b
ee
n
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
an
d
a
n
aly
z
ed
in
d
etail.
3
.
1
.
Clini
ca
l
t
ria
l
E
ac
h
d
r
u
g
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
c
h
ec
k
ed
ca
r
ef
u
lly
to
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
its
ef
f
icac
y
an
d
s
af
ety
an
d
n
o
tic
e
p
o
ten
t
ial
ad
v
er
s
e
ef
f
ec
ts
in
clin
ical
t
r
ials
b
ef
o
r
e
s
ell
in
g
a
n
y
n
ew
m
ed
i
cin
es
or
m
ed
ical
d
ev
ices
in
th
e
m
ar
k
et
.
A
clin
ica
l
tr
ial
with
a
la
r
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
v
o
lu
n
teer
s
o
r
p
atien
ts
is
c
o
n
d
u
ct
ed
m
o
s
tly
in
f
o
u
r
s
tag
es
th
at
m
ak
e
it
c
o
m
p
licated
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
in
ten
s
iv
e.
T
o
p
r
o
g
r
ess
,
clin
ical
tr
ials
n
ee
d
a
f
air
,
co
n
s
is
ten
t
m
an
ag
em
en
t
s
t
r
u
ctu
r
e.
T
h
e
clin
ical
tr
ial
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ab
le
t
o
m
a
n
ag
e
th
e
r
ec
o
r
d
s
in
lin
e
with
r
eg
u
la
to
r
y
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
lik
e
r
ec
o
r
d
s
to
b
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
t
o
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
,
p
r
iv
ac
y
an
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
o
f
r
ec
o
r
d
s
an
d
im
m
u
tab
i
lity
[
2
4
]
.
Usi
n
g
n
ew
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
an
d
in
v
e
n
tio
n
s
wh
ile
r
ed
u
cin
g
r
esear
ch
s
ch
ed
u
les
will
h
elp
en
s
u
r
e
p
atien
t
p
r
o
tectio
n
an
d
p
r
iv
ac
y
.
B
lo
ck
c
h
ain
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
in
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
will
allo
w
p
h
y
s
ician
s
an
d
d
o
cto
r
s
to
r
ec
o
r
d
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
an
d
wh
er
e
a
v
ailab
le
h
ea
lth
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
.
I
t
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
co
r
r
ec
tn
ess
o
f
r
ec
o
r
d
s
,
p
r
o
m
o
tes
d
ata
s
h
ar
in
g
,
an
d
m
ai
n
tain
s
co
m
p
lian
ce
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
I
t
f
u
r
th
er
m
o
n
ito
r
s
wh
o
a
cc
ess
ed
all
asp
ec
ts
o
f
d
atab
ases
th
at
p
r
o
v
id
e
an
au
d
it
tr
ail
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
d
ata
p
r
o
tectio
n
an
d
p
r
iv
ac
y
[
2
6
]
.
3
.
2
.
Drug
a
nd
v
a
cc
ine su
pp
l
y
cha
in
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
'
s
em
er
g
en
cy
tr
i
g
g
er
ed
m
ass
iv
e
in
ter
r
u
p
tio
n
s
ac
r
o
s
s
g
lo
b
al
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
s
.
T
wo
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
f
ac
to
r
s
ar
e
p
lay
in
g
a
v
icio
u
s
r
o
le:
a
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
f
ac
t
o
r
ies
ar
e
clo
s
ed
d
u
e
to
s
af
ety
an
d
h
y
g
ien
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
an
d
u
n
p
r
ec
ed
e
n
ted
d
em
an
d
f
o
r
r
elate
d
g
o
o
d
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
E
PP
an
d
m
ed
i
ca
l
s
u
p
p
lies
.
Ma
n
y
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
wo
u
ld
p
u
r
ch
ase
g
o
o
d
s
f
r
o
m
u
n
ce
r
tain
s
u
p
p
lier
s
o
r
p
r
ices
d
u
e
to
h
ig
h
d
em
an
d
.
L
o
n
g
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
s
g
en
er
ate
n
ee
d
less
o
b
s
cu
r
ity
,
m
ak
in
g
esti
m
atio
n
an
d
s
to
ck
p
la
n
n
in
g
im
p
o
s
s
ib
le.
B
lo
ck
ch
ain
ca
n
b
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
el
y
u
s
ed
f
o
r
m
ain
tain
in
g
th
e
m
ed
i
ca
l
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
,
esp
ec
ially
in
ca
s
e
o
f
a
p
an
d
em
ic
s
itu
atio
n
wh
er
e
lar
g
e
s
ca
le
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
cr
o
s
s
-
b
o
r
d
er
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
ar
e
in
v
o
lv
ed
.
On
ce
th
e
ap
p
r
o
v
ed
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
v
ac
cin
e
is
a
v
ailab
le
f
o
r
m
a
r
k
etin
g
a
n
d
s
al
es,
th
er
e
will
b
e
ch
ao
s
in
its
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
Ma
lp
r
ac
tices
lik
e
f
ak
e
v
ac
ci
n
es,
o
v
er
-
p
r
icin
g
d
a
n
h
o
ar
d
in
g
o
f
s
to
ck
ca
n
b
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le.
T
h
ese
is
s
u
es
ca
n
b
e
en
co
u
n
ter
e
d
u
s
in
g
a
b
lo
c
k
ch
ai
n
-
b
ased
m
e
d
ical
s
u
p
p
ly
c
h
ain
.
B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
em
ic,
v
ar
i
o
u
s
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
ar
r
an
g
em
e
n
ts
ar
e
r
eg
u
l
ated
[
2
7
]
.
B
lo
ck
ch
ain
s
p
ee
d
s
u
p
au
th
en
ticatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
b
y
elim
in
a
tin
g
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
th
ir
d
p
a
r
ties
an
d
u
n
n
ec
ess
ar
y
d
elay
s
in
tr
a
n
s
ac
tio
n
s
.
B
lo
ck
ch
ain
h
el
p
s
in
q
u
ick
er
h
an
d
l
in
g
an
d
d
eliv
e
r
y
tim
es,
lo
we
r
co
s
ts
,
m
in
im
i
z
ed
o
p
er
atin
g
r
is
k
s
,
an
d
f
aster
s
ettlem
en
ts
[
2
8
]
-
[
3
1
]
.
3
.
3
.
Co
nt
a
ct
t
r
a
cing
f
o
r
c
o
nta
ct
s
o
f
CO
VID
-
1
9
pa
t
ient
s
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
r
o
ac
tiv
ely
id
en
tif
y
i
n
g
,
in
f
o
r
m
in
g
a
n
d
,
if
n
ec
ess
a
r
y
,
q
u
a
r
an
tin
in
g
h
ig
h
er
-
r
is
k
p
eo
p
le
th
an
o
th
er
s
,
co
n
tact
tr
ac
in
g
ca
n
p
r
ev
en
t
in
f
ec
tio
n
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
T
h
is
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
m
eth
o
d
is
u
s
ef
u
l
s
in
ce
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
es
o
n
ly
m
ak
e
th
e
d
ev
ice
m
o
r
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
wh
e
n
s
ec
u
r
ity
an
d
o
t
h
er
is
s
u
es
ar
e
o
v
er
co
m
e
[
3
2
]
,
[
3
3
]
.
Go
v
er
n
m
e
n
ts
an
d
h
ea
lth
f
a
cilities
en
g
ag
e
in
c
o
n
tact
-
tr
ac
k
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
f
o
r
p
atien
ts
.
B
lo
ck
ch
ain
u
s
e,
h
o
wev
er
,
s
till
in
cr
ea
s
es
d
ata
q
u
ality
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
B
lo
ck
ch
ain
n
etwo
r
k
s
ca
n
m
o
n
ito
r
p
atien
t
ac
tiv
ity
an
d
o
f
f
er
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
u
p
d
ates to
af
f
e
cted
ar
ea
s
[
3
4
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
to
ale
r
t
th
e
p
u
b
li
c
to
s
ec
u
r
e
l
o
ca
tio
n
s
,
v
i
r
u
s
-
f
r
ee
zo
n
es
m
a
y
b
e
d
etec
ted
.
No
te
th
at
tr
ac
k
in
g
p
r
o
v
i
d
er
s
ca
n
c
o
llect
th
is
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
u
s
in
g
v
ar
i
o
u
s
to
o
ls
,
s
u
ch
as
AI
a
n
d
G
I
S.
T
h
u
s
,
th
r
o
u
g
h
f
o
llo
win
g
q
u
ar
an
tin
e
r
e
q
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
,
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
will
h
av
e
u
s
ab
le
m
ea
n
s
to
p
r
o
tect
co
m
m
u
n
ities
f
r
o
m
v
ir
u
s
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
[
3
5
]
.
3
.
4
.
Do
na
t
io
n
t
ra
c
k
ing
C
OVI
D1
9
p
an
d
e
m
ic
r
a
v
ag
ed
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
Ma
n
y
h
u
m
a
n
itar
ian
s
h
av
e
d
o
n
ated
an
d
ar
e
r
ea
d
y
to
d
o
n
ate
m
o
n
e
y
an
d
m
e
r
ch
an
d
is
e
to
o
v
e
r
co
m
e
th
is
ca
lam
ity
.
T
h
e
m
ain
is
s
u
e
co
m
es
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
lack
o
f
tr
u
s
t
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
A
d
eta
iled
r
ev
iew
o
f b
lo
ck
ch
a
in
-
b
a
s
ed
a
p
p
lica
tio
n
s
fo
r
… (
Mo
u
s
a
Mo
h
a
mme
d
K
h
u
b
r
a
n
i
)
1189
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
o
f
th
es
e
d
o
n
atio
n
s
b
ec
a
u
s
e
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
tr
ad
itio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
n
o
t
s
ec
u
r
e
en
o
u
g
h
an
d
d
o
n
o
t
c
o
v
er
th
e
a
u
th
en
ticatio
n
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
[
3
6
]
.
Ma
n
y
w
h
o
ar
e
willin
g
ar
e
h
esit
an
t
to
p
ar
ticip
ate
in
s
u
ch
p
h
ilan
th
r
o
p
ic
wo
r
k
s
as th
ey
ar
e
ap
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
o
f
its
p
r
o
p
er
u
t
ili
z
atio
n
[
3
7
]
.
B
lo
c
k
ch
ain
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
s
to
r
e
all
th
e
d
etails
o
f
d
o
n
atio
n
s
,
war
e
h
o
u
s
in
g
an
d
d
eliv
er
y
f
o
r
t
r
an
s
p
ar
en
t
an
d
r
eliab
le
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
.
T
h
e
d
o
n
o
r
ca
n
ac
c
u
r
ately
a
n
d
tr
an
s
p
ar
e
n
tly
v
alid
ate
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
s
en
d
in
g
an
d
r
ec
ei
v
in
g
ch
a
r
itab
le
f
u
n
d
s
.
B
lo
ck
ch
ain
wil
l e
lim
in
ate
in
ter
m
ed
iar
ies,
cu
t c
o
s
ts
,
r
ed
u
ce
ag
g
r
ess
io
n
b
y
d
o
n
atin
g
,
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
te
s
o
cial
p
ea
ce
.
Su
p
p
o
r
tin
g
p
eo
p
le
with
m
ed
ical
o
r
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
p
r
o
b
lem
s
r
elate
d
to
in
f
ec
tio
u
s
d
is
ea
s
e
s
p
r
ea
d
[
3
8
]
aim
s
to
in
s
p
ir
e
do
n
atio
n
ac
tiv
i
ties
.
I
t
o
f
f
er
s
a
tr
an
s
p
ar
e
n
t
p
lat
f
o
r
m
f
o
r
d
o
n
o
r
s
to
m
o
n
ito
r
th
eir
s
av
in
g
s
.
T
h
e
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
ch
ar
ity
n
etwo
r
k
g
u
a
r
an
tees
th
at
d
o
n
atio
n
s
en
ter
c
h
o
s
en
co
m
m
u
n
ities
d
ir
ec
tly
with
o
u
t in
ter
m
ed
iar
ie
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
v
er
if
icatio
n
o
f
n
ee
d
an
d
r
ec
eip
t
.
3
.
5
.
Da
t
a
a
g
g
re
g
a
t
io
n
So
r
tin
g
,
g
ath
e
r
in
g
a
n
d
ac
c
u
m
u
latin
g
k
n
o
wled
g
e
r
e
q
u
ir
e
d
to
m
o
n
ito
r
t
h
e
ep
id
e
m
ic,
d
ec
ip
h
er
p
atter
n
s
,
an
d
ad
m
in
is
ter
ex
p
e
r
im
en
ts
a
r
e
v
ital
to
o
ls
to
r
esp
o
n
d
ef
f
e
ctiv
ely
to
t
h
e
p
a
n
d
em
ic.
B
lo
ck
ch
ain
'
s
ab
ilit
y
to
v
alid
ate
an
d
p
r
eser
v
e
p
er
m
a
n
en
t
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
g
u
ar
an
tees
d
ata
in
teg
r
ity
.
B
lo
ck
ch
ain
n
etwo
r
k
cr
ea
tes
a
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
d
ig
ital
s
cien
ce
cr
ea
tio
n
b
y
e
n
co
u
r
ag
in
g
co
m
p
a
n
ies
an
d
o
r
g
an
i
z
atio
n
s
to
ex
ch
an
g
e
th
ei
r
k
n
o
wled
g
e
with
in
n
o
v
ato
r
s
,
s
cien
tis
ts
an
d
s
ch
o
lar
s
to
ex
p
l
o
r
e
an
d
in
teg
r
ate
th
is
i
n
tellig
e
n
ce
in
to
i
n
n
o
v
ativ
e
d
ev
ices
an
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
[
3
9
]
.
Usi
n
g
a
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
n
etwo
r
k
o
f
f
er
s
f
lex
ib
le
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
d
ata
o
w
n
er
s
h
ip
,
an
d
m
u
lti
-
lay
er
ed
au
d
itin
g
.
I
n
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
with
lead
in
g
tech
o
r
g
an
i
z
atio
n
s
an
d
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
ts
,
W
h
i
ch
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
a
g
lo
b
al
b
lo
c
k
ch
ain
te
ch
m
o
n
it
o
r
in
g
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ic
atio
n
s
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
th
at
h
elp
s
ca
p
tu
r
e,
s
to
r
e
an
d
a
n
aly
z
e
d
ata
o
n
v
ir
u
s
p
r
o
p
ag
ati
o
n
an
d
co
n
tain
m
en
t
[
2
7
]
.
3
.
6
.
User
re
co
rd
priv
a
c
y
Po
licy
m
ak
er
s
an
d
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
als
n
ee
d
to
c
o
lle
ct
th
e
p
atien
ts
'
r
ec
o
r
d
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
aten
t
tr
ac
k
in
g
a
n
d
o
th
er
m
ea
s
u
r
es
f
o
r
b
etter
d
ec
is
io
n
m
ak
i
n
g
.
A
t
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e,
p
atien
ts
p
r
iv
ac
y
a
n
d
s
ec
r
ec
y
co
n
ce
r
n
s
also
n
ee
d
to
b
e
h
an
d
led
.
Du
r
in
g
th
ese
wo
r
r
y
in
g
d
a
y
s
,
a
b
alan
cin
g
ac
t
b
etwe
en
r
ec
o
r
d
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t
an
d
m
an
a
g
in
g
p
r
iv
ac
y
co
n
ce
r
n
s
o
f
th
e
u
s
er
s
m
u
s
t b
e
d
o
n
e
t
o
in
cr
ea
s
e
co
n
f
id
en
ce
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
B
lo
ck
ch
ain
is
a
p
o
s
s
ib
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
an
d
v
iew
p
atien
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
s
cr
ee
n
p
atien
t
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es,
an
d
cr
ea
te
d
eg
r
ee
s
o
f
s
o
cial
is
o
latio
n
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
th
eir
p
r
iv
ac
y
.
T
h
er
e'
s
n
o
ce
n
tr
ali
z
ed
f
o
r
ce
,
an
d
a
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
n
etwo
r
k
h
elp
s
p
eo
p
le
to
m
o
n
ito
r
th
eir
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
d
etails.
Alth
o
u
g
h
m
ain
ta
in
in
g
p
r
iv
ac
y
an
d
id
en
tity
,
th
ey
c
an
s
p
ec
if
icall
y
s
h
ar
e
th
eir
p
r
iv
ate
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
awa
r
en
ess
o
f
co
r
o
n
a
v
ir
u
s
r
elief
ac
tiv
ities
.
3
.
7
.
E
a
rly
det
ec
t
io
n o
f
v
uln
er
a
ble po
pu
la
t
io
n
Var
io
u
s
AI
-
b
ased
tr
iag
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
will
th
eo
r
etica
lly
r
eliev
e
p
atien
t
an
x
iety
.
T
h
e
o
n
lin
e
c
h
atb
o
t
ca
n
h
elp
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
itial
d
is
ea
s
e
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
f
o
r
ea
r
ly
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
g
u
id
e
t
h
em
in
p
r
e
ca
u
tio
n
ar
y
m
ea
s
u
r
es
lik
e
s
o
cial
d
is
tan
cin
g
an
d
h
a
n
d
h
y
g
ien
e
.
I
f
s
y
m
p
t
o
m
s
escalate
,
aler
t
u
s
er
s
to
th
e
f
ac
ilit
ies
f
o
r
m
ed
ical
tr
ea
tm
en
t
[4
0]
.
Als
o
,
p
h
o
n
e
-
b
ased
s
o
f
twar
e
a
n
d
I
o
T
s
en
s
o
r
s
ca
n
id
e
n
tify
an
d
m
o
n
ito
r
p
atien
ts
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
lik
e
b
o
d
y
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
an
d
o
x
y
g
e
n
lev
el
at
h
o
m
e
to
av
o
id
u
n
n
ec
ess
ar
y
h
o
s
p
ital
v
is
its
in
p
atien
ts
with
m
o
d
er
ate
f
lu
-
lik
e
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
to
d
etec
t
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
.
I
t
ca
n
f
u
r
t
h
er
co
llab
o
r
ate
w
ith
AI
an
d
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
f
o
r
ea
r
ly
an
d
ac
cu
r
ate
d
etec
tio
n
.
All
th
ese
asp
ec
ts
n
ee
d
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
o
f
r
ec
o
r
d
s
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
p
latf
o
r
m
s
p
ass
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
u
ltip
le
d
ev
ices,
in
c
lu
d
in
g
I
o
T
s
en
s
o
r
s
.
Als
o
,
th
e
in
teg
r
ity
an
d
p
r
i
v
ac
y
o
f
p
ati
en
t
r
ec
o
r
d
s
ar
e
o
f
u
tm
o
s
t
co
n
ce
r
n
f
o
r
s
ec
u
r
in
g
th
eir
p
er
s
o
n
al
a
n
d
s
o
cial
v
alu
es.
Du
e
t
o
its
co
m
p
u
tat
io
n
al
an
d
m
em
o
r
y
lim
itatio
n
s
,
I
o
T
d
ev
ices
ar
e
n
o
t
f
u
lly
co
m
p
atib
le
with
tr
ad
itio
n
al
s
ec
u
r
ity
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
T
h
e
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
-
b
ased
p
latf
o
r
m
ca
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
m
a
n
a
g
e
th
ese
s
ec
u
r
ity
an
d
p
r
iv
ac
y
co
n
ce
r
n
s
[
3
9
]
.
3
.
8
.
O
utbre
a
k
det
ec
t
i
o
n
Du
e
to
its
d
ec
en
tr
ali
z
atio
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
,
b
lo
c
k
ch
ain
elim
in
ates
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
o
u
ts
id
er
s
,
wh
ich
will
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
m
itig
ate
th
e
in
ci
d
en
ce
o
f
d
ata
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
an
d
f
ictitio
u
s
r
e
p
o
r
tin
g
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
in
teg
r
ity
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e
f
o
r
p
u
b
lic
an
d
h
e
alth
ca
r
e
s
p
ec
ialis
ts
.
I
n
co
r
r
ec
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ca
u
s
es
v
ar
io
u
s
s
o
cial
an
d
em
o
tio
n
al
is
s
u
es
lik
e
m
en
tal
tr
au
m
a,
f
in
an
cial
lo
s
s
an
d
u
n
c
er
tain
ty
.
Pre
s
er
v
in
g
d
atab
ase
n
ews
an
d
ev
id
en
ce
p
r
ev
e
n
ts
an
d
r
e
q
u
ir
es
tr
ac
e
a
b
le
alter
ati
o
n
,
d
eletin
g
f
alse
co
n
te
n
t
an
d
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
.
B
lo
ck
ch
ain
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
o
f
f
er
s
a
v
iab
le
co
r
o
n
a
v
ir
u
s
s
u
r
v
eillan
ce
m
ec
h
an
is
m
as
d
ata
is
s
tab
le,
tr
u
s
two
r
th
y
,
tam
p
er
-
f
r
ee
an
d
c
o
n
s
is
ten
t
ac
r
o
s
s
s
u
ch
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
p
o
liti
cian
s
will
h
elp
u
p
d
ate
th
e
c
o
r
o
n
av
ir
u
s
p
an
d
em
ic
s
tatu
s
f
o
r
b
etter
p
r
ep
a
r
ed
n
ess
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l,
s
u
ch
as o
u
tb
r
ea
k
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
,
p
o
ten
tial f
ield
is
o
l
atio
n
,
an
d
in
f
ec
tio
n
s
p
r
ea
d
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
[
4
1
]
.
Fro
m
an
e
v
er
-
g
r
o
win
g
co
llec
tio
n
o
f
p
u
b
lic
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
A
co
er
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
a
Hash
L
o
g
d
atab
ase
to
h
elp
p
eo
p
le
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
s
ca
le
an
d
tr
en
d
o
f
s
p
r
ea
d
in
g
i
n
f
ec
tio
n
o
v
er
tim
e.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
g
ath
er
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
C
DC
,
W
H
O,
an
d
s
o
cial
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
web
s
ite
p
atter
n
s
en
ab
les
Aco
er
c
o
r
o
n
av
ir
u
s
Hash
L
o
g
to
allo
w
clin
ical
tr
ial
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
d
ata
-
v
is
u
ali
z
atio
n
m
o
d
els
[
4
2
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t 2
0
2
1
:
1
1
8
5
-
1
1
9
6
1190
3
.
9
.
F
uture
o
utbre
a
k
det
ec
t
i
o
n
T
h
e
r
ec
en
t
co
r
o
n
av
ir
u
s
em
er
g
en
ce
h
as
h
i
g
h
lig
h
te
d
th
e
n
ee
d
to
f
o
r
ec
ast
p
o
te
n
tial
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
s
s
u
ch
as
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
.
C
OVI
D
d
i
s
ea
s
e
m
o
d
els
f
o
r
p
r
ed
ictin
g
an
d
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
an
o
u
t
b
r
ea
k
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
tak
en
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
in
co
r
o
n
a
v
ir
u
s
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
ac
tiv
ities
[
2
7
]
,
[
4
3
]
.
AI
h
as
r
ec
en
tly
b
ee
n
ap
p
lied
to
p
r
e
d
i
ct
co
r
o
n
av
ir
u
s
-
lik
e
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
s
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
a
p
r
e
d
ictio
n
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
esti
m
atin
g
t
h
e
s
ca
le,
len
g
th
,
an
d
e
n
d
tim
e
o
f
C
o
v
id
-
1
9
ac
r
o
s
s
C
h
in
a
u
s
es
AI
[
4
4
]
-
[
4
6
]
.
4.
RE
VI
E
W
O
F
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
SO
L
U
T
I
O
N
S
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
r
ev
iews
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
I
T
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
f
o
r
c
o
u
n
te
r
in
g
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
a
n
d
em
ic
b
a
s
ed
o
n
t
h
e
cr
iter
ia
m
en
tio
n
ed
.
T
h
ese
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
f
u
r
t
h
er
class
if
ied
b
ased
o
n
u
s
in
g
b
lo
c
k
ch
ain
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
o
r
n
o
t.
B
lo
ck
ch
ain
-
b
ased
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
h
av
e
also
b
ee
n
r
ev
iewe
d
.
T
h
e
av
ailab
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
in
d
if
f
er
en
t
co
u
n
tr
ies,
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
m
a
n
ag
in
g
th
ese
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
,
ar
ea
o
f
ap
p
licatio
n
an
d
u
s
ed
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
u
m
m
ar
is
ed
i
n
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
T
a
b
le
2
(
s
ee
o
n
ap
p
en
d
ix
)
.
5.
I
SS
U
E
S AN
D
CO
NCE
RNS
I
s
s
u
es
as
s
o
ciate
d
with
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
o
p
er
atio
n
s
ar
e
also
r
elev
an
t
in
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
th
ese
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
C
OVI
D1
9
ap
p
lic
atio
n
s
.
Scalab
ilit
y
,
in
ter
o
p
er
a
b
ilit
y
,
s
tan
d
ar
d
i
z
atio
n
,
cu
ltu
r
al
r
esis
tan
ce
,
s
ec
u
r
ity
an
d
p
r
i
v
ac
y
co
n
ce
r
n
s
ar
e
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
co
n
ce
r
n
s
.
Fo
r
ap
p
licatio
n
s
s
to
r
in
g
a
lar
g
e
v
o
lu
m
e
o
f
d
ata,
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
is
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ch
allen
g
e
d
u
e
to
th
e
lim
itatio
n
s
o
f
co
m
p
u
tin
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
Dif
f
er
e
n
t o
r
g
an
i
z
atio
n
s
ar
e
u
s
in
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t p
latf
o
r
m
s
to
d
e
v
elo
p
th
ese
ap
p
licatio
n
s
an
d
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
,
an
d
d
u
e
t
o
th
e
lack
o
f
an
y
in
d
u
s
tr
y
o
r
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
g
u
id
elin
es,
in
ter
o
p
er
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
ese
r
ec
o
r
d
s
is
n
o
t
p
o
s
s
ib
le.
I
n
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
ce
n
ar
io
,
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
e
d
ap
p
lica
tio
n
s
ar
e
wo
r
k
i
n
g
as
a
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
s
y
s
tem
an
d
litt
le
o
r
n
o
co
llab
o
r
ati
o
n
p
o
s
s
ib
le
am
o
n
g
t
h
em
[
5
0
]
.
Peo
p
le
ar
e
h
esit
an
t
in
s
h
a
r
in
g
th
eir
p
er
s
o
n
al
d
etails
d
u
e
to
a
lack
o
f
c
o
n
f
id
e
n
ce
a
n
d
cu
lt
u
r
al
r
esis
tan
ce
;
d
ata
co
llec
tio
n
is
n
o
t
ea
s
y
with
o
u
t
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
.
T
h
e
co
llected
d
ata
n
ee
d
to
m
a
in
tain
p
r
iv
ac
y
an
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
co
n
ce
r
n
s
.
U
s
er
s
h
av
e
to
b
e
e
d
u
ca
ted
ab
o
u
t
th
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
f
ea
t
u
r
es
an
d
g
u
ar
a
n
tee
t
h
eir
p
r
iv
ac
y
to
allay
p
r
iv
ac
y
an
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
co
n
ce
r
n
s
[
7
8
]
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
th
e
tr
ac
in
g
ap
p
s
co
llect
lo
ca
tio
n
an
d
o
th
er
m
o
v
em
en
t
r
ec
o
r
d
s
th
at
in
f
r
in
g
es
th
e
u
s
er
p
r
iv
ac
y
,
an
d
th
is
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
co
llected
a
n
o
n
y
m
o
u
s
ly
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
ca
n
h
a
n
d
le
a
n
y
s
o
r
t
o
f
d
ata
b
r
ea
c
h
an
d
i
n
teg
r
it
y
,
p
r
iv
ac
y
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
g
u
ar
an
teed
u
s
in
g
s
u
itab
le
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
.
6.
F
UT
UR
E
DIR
E
C
T
I
O
NS
I
n
f
u
tu
r
e,
with
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
i
z
atio
n
o
f
r
ec
o
r
d
s
,
th
e
in
ter
o
p
er
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
ap
p
lic
atio
n
s
an
d
s
y
s
tem
s
n
ee
d
to
b
e
h
an
d
le
d
s
o
th
at
o
th
e
r
ap
p
licatio
n
s
o
r
s
tates
ca
n
u
s
e
d
ata
co
llected
b
y
o
n
e
ap
p
licatio
n
/s
y
s
tem
.
I
t
will
m
i
n
im
i
z
e
th
e
d
ata
d
u
p
licatio
n
ef
f
o
r
ts
as
well
b
e
u
p
d
ated
o
f
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
in
f
ec
tio
n
a
n
d
h
ea
lth
s
tatu
s
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
if
a
p
er
s
o
n
was
in
f
ec
te
d
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
o
r
h
a
s
s
o
m
e
m
ed
ical
co
n
d
iti
o
n
s
,
th
ey
ca
n
n
o
t
h
id
e
f
r
o
m
o
th
e
r
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
o
r
s
tates'
au
th
o
r
iti
es.
B
etter
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
(
AI
)
a
n
d
m
ac
h
in
e
lea
r
n
in
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
ca
n
f
u
r
t
h
er
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
p
r
e
d
ictio
n
r
ates.
T
h
e
c
o
llected
d
ata
ca
n
b
e
f
u
r
th
er
s
h
a
r
ed
with
r
es
ea
r
ch
o
r
g
an
i
z
atio
n
s
an
d
in
s
u
r
an
ce
f
ir
m
s
f
o
r
claim
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
an
d
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
w
h
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
an
o
n
y
m
ity
b
y
in
t
eg
r
atin
g
th
ese
m
o
d
u
les with
el
ec
tr
o
n
ic
h
ea
lth
r
ec
o
r
d
(
E
HR
)
m
o
d
u
les.
7.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
p
ap
er
r
ev
iews
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
ap
p
licatio
n
s
an
d
u
s
e
ca
s
es
o
f
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
in
co
u
n
ter
in
g
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
lik
e
p
a
n
d
em
ics.
B
lo
ck
ch
ain
is
a
s
u
itab
le
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
s
u
ch
ap
p
licatio
n
s
d
u
e
to
its
in
h
e
r
en
t
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
o
f
im
m
u
tab
ilit
y
,
an
o
n
y
m
ity
an
d
p
r
iv
ac
y
.
Var
i
o
u
s
d
o
m
ain
s
f
o
r
co
u
n
ter
in
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
h
as
b
ee
n
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
.
T
h
e
ex
i
s
tin
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
an
d
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
h
av
e
also
b
ee
n
e
v
alu
ated
a
n
d
class
if
ied
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
ap
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
e
av
ailab
le
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
ar
e
m
ain
ly
in
th
e
d
o
m
ain
o
f
c
o
n
tact
tr
ac
in
g
,
b
u
t
th
en
it
ca
n
b
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
ap
p
lied
f
o
r
o
th
er
d
o
m
ain
s
lik
e
ea
r
ly
d
etec
tio
n
,
s
ec
u
r
e
an
d
r
eliab
le
d
ata
ag
g
r
eg
a
tio
n
,
r
ec
o
r
d
s
h
ar
i
n
g
an
d
n
ee
d
m
o
r
e
wo
r
k
in
th
is
d
ir
ec
tio
n
.
A
p
ar
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
ad
v
a
n
tag
es,
s
o
m
e
co
n
ce
r
n
s
lik
e
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
,
in
ter
o
p
er
a
b
ilit
y
,
an
d
s
tan
d
a
r
d
izatio
n
in
b
lo
c
k
ch
ain
a
d
ap
tatio
n
n
ee
d
to
b
e
r
eso
l
v
ed
f
o
r
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
im
p
lem
en
tati
o
n
.
L
astl
y
,
th
is
p
ap
er
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
f
u
tu
r
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
f
o
r
co
u
n
ter
in
g
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
a
n
d
em
ic,
lik
e
u
s
in
g
AI
an
d
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
an
d
b
lo
ck
c
h
ain
f
o
r
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
an
d
r
eliab
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
A
d
eta
iled
r
ev
iew
o
f b
lo
ck
ch
a
in
-
b
a
s
ed
a
p
p
lica
tio
n
s
fo
r
… (
Mo
u
s
a
Mo
h
a
mme
d
K
h
u
b
r
a
n
i
)
1191
A
P
P
E
NDI
X
T
ab
le
2.
R
ev
iew
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
Ref
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
O
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
C
o
u
n
t
r
y
U
se
c
a
se
B
l
o
c
k
c
h
a
i
n
u
se
d
U
sed
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
F
r
a
mew
o
r
k
o
r
I
mp
l
e
me
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
[
4
7
]
Ta
b
a
u
d
S
a
u
d
i
D
a
t
a
a
n
d
A
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
I
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
c
e
A
u
t
h
o
r
i
t
y
(
S
D
A
I
A
)
K
S
A
C
o
n
t
a
c
t
Tr
a
c
i
n
g
No
B
l
u
e
t
o
o
t
h
I
mp
l
e
me
n
t
e
d
A
p
p
[
4
8
]
Ta
w
a
k
k
a
l
n
a
S
a
u
d
i
D
a
t
a
a
n
d
A
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
I
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
c
e
A
u
t
h
o
r
i
t
y
(
S
D
A
I
A
)
K
S
A
M
o
v
e
me
n
t
Tr
a
c
k
i
n
g
No
G
P
S
I
mp
l
e
me
n
t
e
d
A
p
p
[
4
9
]
B
e
e
p
Tr
a
c
e
A
u
t
h
o
r
S
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
A
u
t
h
o
r
S
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
C
o
n
t
a
c
t
Tr
a
c
i
n
g
Y
e
s
G
P
S
,
B
l
u
e
t
o
o
t
h
,
C
e
l
l
u
l
a
r
,
B
l
o
c
k
c
h
a
i
n
F
r
a
mew
o
r
k
[
5
0
]
A
LH
O
S
N
M
i
n
i
s
t
r
y
o
f
H
e
a
l
t
h
a
n
d
P
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
UAE
C
o
n
t
a
c
t
Tr
a
c
i
n
g
,
H
e
a
l
t
h
Te
st
i
n
g
No
B
l
u
e
t
o
o
t
h
I
mp
l
e
me
n
t
e
d
A
p
p
[
5
1
]
C
i
v
i
t
a
s
Emerg
e
s
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
so
l
u
t
i
o
n
,
C
a
n
a
d
a
La
t
i
n
A
meric
a
S
o
c
i
a
l
D
i
st
a
n
c
i
n
g
,
P
u
b
l
i
c
S
a
f
e
t
y
Y
e
s
B
l
o
c
k
c
h
a
i
n
I
mp
l
e
me
n
t
e
d
A
p
p
[
5
2
]
V
e
C
h
a
i
n
E
-
H
C
e
r
t
A
p
p
V
e
C
h
a
i
n
a
n
d
I
-
D
a
n
t
e
C
y
p
r
u
s
med
i
c
a
l
d
a
t
a
man
a
g
e
me
n
t
Y
e
s
B
l
o
c
k
c
h
a
i
n
I
mp
l
e
me
n
t
e
d
A
p
p
[
5
3
]
M
i
P
a
sa
H
A
C
ER
A
,
I
B
M
,
O
r
a
c
l
e
W
H
O
,
C
D
C
d
a
t
a
s
h
a
r
i
n
g
p
l
a
t
f
o
r
m
,
p
u
b
l
i
c
h
e
a
l
t
h
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
Y
e
s
B
l
o
c
k
c
h
a
i
n
I
mp
l
e
me
n
t
e
d
A
p
p
[
5
4
]
C
o
a
l
i
t
i
o
n
O
p
e
n
G
a
r
d
e
n
,
I
n
c
.
U
S
A
e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
n
o
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
(
C
o
n
t
a
c
t
Tr
a
c
i
n
g
)
No
B
l
u
e
t
o
o
t
h
I
mp
l
e
me
n
t
e
d
A
p
p
[
5
5
]
V
i
r
u
sB
l
o
c
k
c
h
a
i
n
P
u
b
l
i
c
H
e
a
l
t
h
B
l
o
c
k
c
h
a
i
n
C
o
n
s
o
r
t
i
u
m
(
P
H
B
C
)
A
c
o
n
so
r
t
i
u
m
o
f
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s
mo
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
b
l
o
c
k
c
h
a
i
n
f
o
r
r
e
st
r
i
c
t
e
d
u
n
i
n
f
e
c
t
e
d
p
o
p
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
Y
e
s
R
F
I
D
,
B
l
o
c
k
c
h
a
i
n
I
mp
l
e
me
n
t
e
d
A
p
p
[
5
6
]
H
y
p
e
r
c
h
a
i
n
S
h
a
n
z
o
n
g
H
y
p
e
r
c
h
a
i
n
a
n
d
C
h
i
n
a
X
i
o
n
g
'
a
n
G
r
o
u
p
C
h
i
n
a
D
o
n
a
t
i
o
n
Tr
a
c
k
i
n
g
Y
e
s
B
l
o
c
k
c
h
a
i
n
I
mp
l
e
me
n
t
e
d
P
l
a
t
f
o
r
m
[
2
2
]
H
a
sh
L
o
g
A
c
o
e
r
A
t
l
a
n
t
a
U
S
A
D
a
t
a
G
a
t
h
e
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
V
i
su
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
Y
e
s
B
l
o
c
k
c
h
a
i
n
I
mp
l
e
me
n
t
e
d
P
l
a
t
f
o
r
m
[
5
7
]
B
l
u
e
d
o
t
C
O
V
I
D
D
a
t
a
S
u
i
t
e
B
l
u
e
d
o
t
C
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
C
a
n
a
d
a
P
a
n
d
e
m
i
c
P
r
e
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
No
A
I
,
b
i
g
d
a
t
a
a
n
a
l
y
t
i
c
s
I
mp
l
e
me
n
t
e
d
P
l
a
t
f
o
r
m
[
5
8
]
I
n
f
e
r
v
i
si
o
n
I
n
f
e
r
R
e
a
d
C
T
Lu
n
g
C
o
v
i
d
-
19
I
n
f
e
r
v
i
si
o
n
e
n
t
e
r
p
r
i
se
C
h
i
n
a
C
O
V
I
D
1
9
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
No
A
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
I
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
c
e
,
D
e
e
p
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
I
mp
l
e
me
n
t
e
d
P
l
a
t
f
o
r
m
[
5
9
]
A
l
p
h
a
F
o
l
d
D
e
e
p
M
i
n
d
D
e
e
p
M
i
n
d
I
n
c
.
U
S
A
D
r
u
g
D
i
sco
v
e
r
y
[
5
9
]
No
A
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
I
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
c
e
,
d
e
e
p
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
I
mp
l
e
me
n
t
e
d
P
l
a
t
f
o
r
m
[
6
0
]
Tr
a
c
e
To
g
e
t
h
e
r
S
i
n
g
a
p
o
r
e
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
S
i
n
g
a
p
o
r
e
C
o
n
t
a
c
t
Tr
a
c
i
n
g
No
B
l
u
e
t
o
o
t
h
a
n
d
W
e
a
r
a
b
l
e
S
e
n
s
o
r
s
I
mp
l
e
me
n
t
e
d
A
p
p
[
6
1
]
A
a
r
o
y
g
a
S
e
t
u
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
I
n
f
o
r
mat
i
c
s
C
e
n
t
r
e
I
n
d
i
a
C
o
n
t
a
c
t
Tr
a
c
i
n
g
No
B
l
u
e
t
o
o
t
h
I
mp
l
e
me
n
t
e
d
A
p
p
[
6
2
]
H
a
mag
e
n
M
i
n
i
s
t
r
y
o
f
H
e
a
l
t
h
I
sr
a
e
l
C
o
n
t
a
c
t
Tr
a
c
i
n
g
No
B
l
u
e
t
o
o
t
h
,
G
P
S
I
mp
l
e
me
n
t
e
d
A
p
p
[
6
3
]
C
O
V
I
D
S
a
f
e
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
H
e
a
l
t
h
A
u
st
r
a
l
i
a
C
o
n
t
a
c
t
Tr
a
c
i
n
g
No
B
l
u
e
t
o
o
t
h
I
mp
l
e
me
n
t
e
d
A
p
p
[
6
4
]
C
o
v
i
d
-
W
a
t
c
h
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
o
f
A
r
i
z
o
n
a
U
n
i
t
e
d
S
t
a
t
e
s
e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
n
o
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
No
B
l
u
e
t
o
o
t
h
,
I
mp
l
e
me
n
t
e
d
A
p
p
a
n
d
P
l
a
t
f
o
r
m
[
6
5
]
W
e
Tr
a
c
e
[
1
6
]
D
X
F
O
R
M
I
N
C
.
C
e
b
u
p
r
o
v
i
n
c
i
a
l
g
o
v
e
r
n
me
n
t
C
o
n
t
a
c
t
Tr
a
c
i
n
g
No
B
l
u
e
t
o
o
t
h
I
mp
l
e
me
n
t
e
d
A
p
p
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t 2
0
2
1
:
1
1
8
5
-
1
1
9
6
1192
T
ab
le
2.
R
ev
iew
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
(
co
n
tin
u
e)
Ref
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
O
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
C
o
u
n
t
r
y
U
se
c
a
se
B
l
o
c
k
c
h
a
i
n
u
se
d
U
sed
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
F
r
a
mew
o
r
k
o
r
I
mp
l
e
me
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
[
6
6
]
C
o
v
i
d
-
1
9
B
l
o
c
k
C
h
a
i
n
F
r
a
mew
o
r
k
[
1
7
]
A
u
t
h
o
r
b
a
se
d
p
r
o
p
o
sal
(
To
r
k
y
e
t
a
l
.)
P
r
o
p
r
i
e
t
y
C
o
n
t
a
c
t
Tr
a
c
i
n
g
,
R
e
c
o
r
d
S
t
o
r
a
g
e
,
S
t
a
t
u
s
V
e
r
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
P
r
e
d
i
c
t
i
v
e
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
Y
e
s
B
l
o
c
k
c
h
a
i
n
F
r
a
mew
o
r
k
[
6
7
]
C
o
v
i
d
C
h
a
i
n
A
u
t
h
o
r
b
a
se
d
p
r
o
p
o
sal
(
C
h
o
u
d
h
u
r
y
e
t
a
l
.)
P
r
o
p
r
i
e
t
y
C
o
n
t
a
c
t
Tr
a
c
i
n
g
,
R
e
c
o
r
d
S
t
o
r
a
g
e
,
S
t
a
t
u
s
V
e
r
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
P
a
ssp
o
r
t
Y
e
s
B
l
u
e
t
o
o
t
h
,
G
P
S
,
B
l
o
c
k
c
h
a
i
n
F
r
a
mew
o
r
k
[
6
8
]
B
l
u
e
Tr
a
c
e
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
A
g
e
n
c
y
S
i
n
g
a
p
o
r
e
C
o
n
t
a
c
t
Tr
a
c
i
n
g
No
B
l
u
e
t
o
o
t
h
P
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
[
6
9
]
Ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
N
o
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
A
P
I
s
Jo
i
n
t
P
r
o
j
e
c
t
o
f
A
p
p
l
e
a
n
d
G
o
o
g
l
e
I
n
c
.
U
S
A
c
o
n
t
a
c
t
t
r
a
c
i
n
g
No
B
l
u
e
t
o
o
t
h
P
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
[
7
0
]
P
r
i
v
a
t
e
A
u
t
o
m
a
t
i
c
C
o
n
t
a
c
t
Tr
a
c
i
n
g
(
P
A
C
T)
M
a
ss
a
c
h
u
s
e
t
t
s
I
n
st
i
t
u
t
e
o
f
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
U
S
A
c
o
n
t
a
c
t
t
r
a
c
i
n
g
No
B
l
u
e
t
o
o
t
h
P
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
[
7
1
]
S
w
i
ssC
o
v
i
d
-
DP
-
3T
F
e
d
e
r
a
l
O
f
f
i
c
e
o
f
P
u
b
l
i
c
H
e
a
l
t
h
F
O
P
H
S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d
c
o
n
t
a
c
t
t
r
a
c
i
n
g
No
B
l
u
e
t
o
o
t
h
I
mp
l
e
me
n
t
e
d
A
p
p
[
7
2
]
D
e
c
e
n
t
r
a
l
i
z
e
d
P
r
i
v
a
c
y
-
P
r
e
serv
i
n
g
P
r
o
x
i
mi
t
y
Tr
a
c
i
n
g
(DP
-
3
T)
Éc
o
l
e
P
o
l
y
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
f
é
d
é
r
a
l
e
d
e
La
u
s
a
n
n
e
(
EPF
L)
S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d
c
o
n
t
a
c
t
t
r
a
c
i
n
g
No
B
l
u
e
t
o
o
t
h
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
[
7
3
]
P
r
o
n
t
o
-
C2
A
u
t
h
o
r
b
a
se
d
p
r
o
p
o
sal
(
G
e
n
n
a
r
o
e
t
al
.)
P
r
o
p
r
i
e
t
y
c
o
n
t
a
c
t
t
r
a
c
i
n
g
Y
e
s
B
l
o
c
k
c
h
a
i
n
F
r
a
mew
o
r
k
[
74]
C
O
V
I
D
S
a
f
e
p
a
t
h
s
P
a
t
h
C
h
e
c
k
F
o
u
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
,
M
I
T
U
S
A
C
o
n
t
a
c
t
Tr
a
c
i
n
g
No
B
l
u
e
t
o
o
t
h
,
G
P
S
I
mp
l
e
me
n
t
e
d
A
p
p
[
7
5
]
D
ESI
R
E
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
I
n
st
i
t
u
t
e
f
o
r
R
e
se
a
r
c
h
i
n
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
I
n
r
i
a
)
F
r
a
n
c
e
C
o
n
t
a
c
t
Tr
a
c
i
n
g
No
B
l
u
e
t
o
o
t
h
I
mp
l
e
me
n
t
e
d
A
p
p
[
7
6
]
C
o
n
Tr
a
C
o
r
o
n
a
A
u
t
h
o
r
b
a
se
d
p
r
o
p
o
sal
(
B
e
sk
o
r
o
v
a
j
n
o
v
e
t
a
l
.
)
P
r
o
p
r
i
e
t
y
C
o
n
t
a
c
t
Tr
a
c
i
n
g
No
B
l
u
e
t
o
o
t
h
F
r
a
mew
o
r
k
[
7
7
]
Tr
a
c
e
C
o
v
i
d
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
H
e
a
l
t
h
A
b
u
D
h
a
b
i
,
UAE
C
o
n
t
a
c
t
t
r
a
c
i
n
g
No
B
l
u
e
t
o
o
t
h
,
S
e
c
u
r
e
Tr
a
c
i
n
g
I
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
r
(
S
TI
)
I
mp
l
e
me
n
t
e
d
A
p
p
[
5
0
]
B
e
A
w
a
r
e
B
a
h
r
a
i
n
I
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
&
e
G
o
v
e
r
n
me
n
t
A
u
t
h
o
r
i
t
y
B
a
h
r
a
i
n
C
o
n
t
a
c
t
Tr
a
c
i
n
g
,
C
O
V
I
D
-
1
9
Te
s
t
A
p
p
o
i
n
t
me
n
t
,
C
O
V
I
D
-
1
9
Te
s
t
C
e
r
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
e
,
D
a
t
a
A
g
g
r
e
g
a
t
i
o
n
No
G
P
S
I
mp
l
e
me
n
t
e
d
A
p
p
[
7
8
]
S
t
a
y
H
o
m
e
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
H
e
a
l
t
h
A
b
u
D
h
a
b
i
,
UAE
Q
u
a
r
a
n
t
i
n
e
Tr
a
c
k
i
n
g
No
G
P
S
I
mp
l
e
me
n
t
e
d
A
p
p
[
7
9
]
Th
e
s
e
u
s
Emerg
e
s
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
so
l
u
t
i
o
n
,
C
a
n
a
d
a
C
a
n
a
d
a
S
u
p
p
l
y
c
h
a
i
n
Y
e
s
I
o
T,
B
l
o
c
k
c
h
a
i
n
I
mp
l
e
me
n
t
e
d
S
y
st
e
m
[
8
0
]
C
O
V
I
D
C
r
e
d
e
n
t
i
a
l
s
i
n
i
t
i
a
t
i
v
e
(
C
C
I
)
A
c
o
n
s
o
r
t
i
u
m
o
f
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
s
G
l
o
b
a
l
I
mm
u
n
i
t
y
p
a
ss
p
o
r
t
,
c
r
e
d
e
n
t
i
a
l
man
a
g
e
me
n
t
Y
e
s
V
e
r
i
f
i
a
b
l
e
C
r
e
d
e
n
t
i
a
l
,
B
l
o
c
k
c
h
a
i
n
K
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
sh
a
r
i
n
g
p
l
a
t
f
o
r
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
A
d
eta
iled
r
ev
iew
o
f b
lo
ck
ch
a
in
-
b
a
s
ed
a
p
p
lica
tio
n
s
fo
r
… (
Mo
u
s
a
Mo
h
a
mme
d
K
h
u
b
r
a
n
i
)
1193
T
ab
le
2.
R
ev
iew
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
(
co
n
tin
u
e)
Ref
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
O
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
C
o
u
n
t
r
y
U
se
c
a
se
B
l
o
c
k
c
h
a
i
n
u
se
d
U
sed
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
F
r
a
mew
o
r
k
o
r
I
mp
l
e
me
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
[
8
2
]
S
t
o
p
C
o
v
i
d
(
R
o
b
e
r
t
)
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
I
n
st
i
t
u
t
e
f
o
r
R
e
se
a
r
c
h
i
n
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
I
n
r
i
a
)
F
r
a
n
c
e
C
o
n
t
a
c
t
t
r
a
c
i
n
g
No
B
l
u
e
t
o
o
t
h
,
Eq
u
i
p
me
n
t
I
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
I
mp
l
e
me
n
t
e
d
A
p
p
[
8
3
]
A
l
i
p
a
y
H
e
a
l
t
h
C
o
d
e
H
e
a
l
t
h
C
o
mm
i
ss
i
o
n
a
n
d
C
o
mm
i
t
t
e
e
o
f
Ec
o
n
o
mi
c
a
n
d
I
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
C
h
i
n
a
h
e
a
l
t
h
s
t
a
t
u
s
u
p
d
a
t
e
f
o
r
c
i
t
i
z
e
n
s
Y
e
s
B
l
o
c
k
c
h
a
i
n
I
mp
l
e
me
n
t
e
d
P
l
a
t
f
o
r
m
[
8
4
]
G
e
o
H
e
a
l
t
h
A
p
p
G
e
o
H
e
a
l
t
h
A
p
p
g
G
mb
H
I
n
c
.
G
e
r
man
y
C
o
n
t
a
c
t
t
r
a
c
i
n
g
No
G
P
S
I
mp
l
e
me
n
t
e
d
A
p
p
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
wo
u
ld
lik
e
to
e
x
p
r
ess
th
e
g
r
ea
test
ap
p
r
ec
iatio
n
f
o
r
Dea
n
s
h
ip
o
f
Scien
tific
R
esear
ch
(
DSR
)
,
J
az
an
Un
iv
er
s
ity
,
J
az
an
,
f
o
r
th
is
p
u
b
licatio
n
'
s
f
in
an
ci
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
A.
Iq
b
a
l,
M
.
Am
ir,
V.
Ku
m
a
r,
A.
Ala
m
,
a
n
d
M
.
Um
a
ir,
"
In
teg
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
Ne
x
t
G
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
IIo
T
with
Blo
c
k
c
h
a
in
f
o
r
th
e
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
S
m
a
rt
In
d
u
st
ries
,
"
Eme
rg
.
S
c
i.
J
.
,
v
o
l.
4
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
7
,
Oc
t.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
2
8
9
9
1
/e
sj
-
2
0
2
0
-
S
P
1
-
01.
[2
]
S
.
T.
S
i
d
d
i
q
u
i
,
S
.
Ala
m
,
R.
Ah
m
a
d
,
a
n
d
M
.
S
h
u
a
ib
,
"
S
e
c
u
rit
y
Th
re
a
ts,
Attac
k
s,
a
n
d
P
o
ss
ib
le
Co
u
n
term
e
a
su
re
s
in
In
tern
e
t
o
f
Th
in
g
s,
"
i
n
L
e
c
tu
re
No
tes
in
Ne
two
rk
s a
n
d
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
9
4
,
p
p
.
3
5
-
46
,
2
0
2
0
.
[3
]
S
.
T.
S
i
d
d
i
q
u
i,
R
.
Ah
m
a
d
,
M
.
S
h
u
a
ib
,
a
n
d
S
.
Ala
m
,
"
Bl
o
c
k
c
h
a
i
n
S
e
c
u
rit
y
Th
re
a
ts,
Attac
k
s
a
n
d
Co
u
n
term
e
a
su
re
s,
"
in
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
s in
In
tell
ig
e
n
t
S
y
ste
ms
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
p
p
.
5
1
-
6
2
,
v
o
l.
1
0
9
7
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/9
7
8
-
9
8
1
-
15
-
1
5
1
8
-
7
_
5
.
[4
]
S
.
T
.
S
id
d
iq
u
i,
S
.
Ala
m
,
M
.
S
h
u
a
ib
,
a
n
d
A.
G
u
p
ta,
"
C
lo
u
d
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
S
e
c
u
rit
y
u
sin
g
Bl
o
c
k
c
h
a
in
,
"
J
.
Eme
rg
.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
.
In
n
o
v
.
Res
.
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
7
9
1
-
7
9
4
,
2
0
1
9
.
[5
]
S
.
Ala
m
,
M
.
S
h
u
a
ib
,
a
n
d
A.
S
a
m
a
d
,
"
A
Co
l
lab
o
ra
ti
v
e
S
t
u
d
y
o
f
In
tru
sio
n
De
tec
ti
o
n
a
n
d
P
re
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
Tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
i
n
Clo
u
d
C
o
m
p
u
t
in
g
,
"
In
b
o
o
k
:
I
n
t
e
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
I
n
n
o
v
a
ti
v
e
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
a
n
d
Co
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
5
5
,
p
p
.
2
3
1
-
240
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
9
7
8
-
9
8
1
-
13
-
2
3
2
4
-
9
_
2
3
.
[6
]
S
.
T
.
S
id
d
i
q
u
i,
S
.
Ala
m
,
Z.
A.
K
h
a
n
,
a
n
d
A.
G
u
p
ta,
"
Cl
o
u
d
-
b
a
se
d
E
-
lea
rn
i
n
g
:
u
sin
g
c
l
o
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
p
latf
o
rm
f
o
r
a
n
e
ffe
c
ti
v
e
e
-
lea
rn
in
g
,
"
i
n
S
ma
rt
In
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
s
in
C
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
t
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
,
S
p
rin
g
e
r,
p
p
.
3
3
5
-
346
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
9
7
8
-
9
8
1
-
13
-
2
4
1
4
-
7
_
3
1
.
[7
]
D.
Ha
n
sc
o
m
,
D.
R.
Claw
so
n
,
a
n
d
S
.
W.
P
r
o
g
e
s,
"
P
o
l
y
v
a
g
a
l
a
n
d
G
lo
b
a
l
Cy
to
k
i
n
e
Th
e
o
r
y
o
f
S
a
f
e
ty
a
n
d
Th
re
a
t
Co
v
i
d
-
1
9
–
P
lan
B,
"
S
c
iM
e
d
icin
e
J
.
,
v
o
l.
2
,
p
p
.
9
-
2
7
,
Au
g
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
2
8
9
9
1
/
S
c
iM
e
d
J
-
2
0
2
0
-
02
-
SI
-
2.
[8
]
L.
A.
An
c
h
o
rd
o
q
u
i
a
n
d
E.
M
.
Ch
u
d
n
o
v
sk
y
,
"
A
P
h
y
sic
ist
Vie
w
o
f
COV
ID
-
1
9
Airb
o
rn
e
In
f
e
c
ti
o
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
Co
n
v
e
c
ti
v
e
Airflo
w
i
n
In
d
o
o
r
S
p
a
c
e
s,
"
S
c
iM
e
d
icin
e
J
.
,
v
o
l
.
2
,
p
p
.
6
8
–
7
2
,
Au
g
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
8
9
9
1
/
S
c
iM
e
d
J
-
2
0
2
0
-
02
-
SI
-
5.
[9
]
C.
S
.
Wr
i
g
h
t
,
"
Bi
tco
in
:
A
P
e
e
r
-
to
-
P
e
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
Ca
sh
S
y
ste
m
,
"
S
S
RN
El
e
c
tro
n
.
J
.
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
2
1
3
9
/ssrn
.
3
4
4
0
8
0
2
.
[1
0
]
M
.
S
h
u
a
i
b
,
S
.
M
.
Da
u
d
,
S
.
Ala
m
,
a
n
d
W.
Z.
Kh
a
n
,
"
Blo
c
k
c
h
a
i
n
-
b
a
se
d
fra
m
e
wo
rk
fo
r
se
c
u
re
a
n
d
re
li
a
b
le
la
n
d
re
g
istry
sy
ste
m
,
"
T
EL
KO
M
NIKA
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Co
m
p
u
t
.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
C
o
n
tr
o
l.
,
v
o
l
.
1
8
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
2
5
6
0
-
2
5
7
1
,
Oc
t.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
2
9
2
8
/T
EL
KO
M
NIK
A.v
1
8
i5
.
1
5
7
8
7
.
[1
1]
M
.
S
h
u
a
ib
,
S
.
Ala
m
,
S
.
M
o
h
d
,
a
n
d
S
.
A
h
m
a
d
,
"
Bl
o
c
k
c
h
a
i
n
-
Ba
se
d
In
it
iati
v
e
s
in
S
o
c
ial
S
e
c
u
rit
y
S
e
c
t
o
r,
"
i
n
EA
I
2
n
d
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
ICT
fo
r Dig
i
ta
l,
S
m
a
rt,
a
n
d
S
u
sta
i
n
a
b
l
e
De
v
e
lo
p
me
n
t
(ICIDS
S
D)
,
2
0
2
0
,
p
p
.
1
-
8.
[1
2
]
M
.
T.
Ça
ld
a
ğ
a
n
d
E.
G
ö
k
a
lp
,
"
E
x
p
l
o
rin
g
Crit
ica
l
S
u
c
c
e
ss
F
a
c
to
rs
fo
r
Bl
o
c
k
c
h
a
i
n
-
b
a
se
d
I
n
telli
g
e
n
t
Tran
sp
o
rtatio
n
S
y
ste
m
s,
"
Eme
rg
.
S
c
i.
J
.
,
v
o
l.
4
,
p
p
.
2
7
–
4
4
,
Oc
t.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
2
8
9
9
1
/es
j
-
2
0
2
0
-
SP1
-
0
3
.
[1
3
]
G
.
G
rin
b
e
rg
a
Zalit
e
a
n
d
A.
Z
v
irb
u
le,
"
Dig
it
a
l
Re
a
d
in
e
ss
a
n
d
Co
m
p
e
ti
ti
v
e
n
e
ss
o
f
t
h
e
EU
Hi
g
h
e
r
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
In
stit
u
t
io
n
s:
Th
e
COV
ID
-
1
9
P
a
n
d
e
m
ic
Im
p
a
c
t,
"
Eme
rg
.
S
c
i.
J
.
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
9
7
–
3
0
4
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
2
8
9
9
1
/es
j
-
2
0
2
0
-
0
1
2
3
2
.
[1
4
]
S
.
Ala
m
,
S
.
T.
S
id
d
iq
u
i,
A
.
Ah
m
a
d
,
R.
Ah
m
a
d
,
a
n
d
M
.
S
h
u
a
ib
,
"
In
tern
e
t
o
f
t
h
in
g
s
(Io
T)
e
n
a
b
li
n
g
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
,
re
q
u
irem
e
n
ts,
a
n
d
se
c
u
rit
y
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s,
"
in
L
e
c
tu
re
No
tes
in
Ne
t
wo
rk
s
a
n
d
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l
.
9
4
,
p
p
.
1
1
9
-
1
2
6
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/9
7
8
-
9
8
1
-
15
-
0
6
9
4
-
9
_
1
2
.
[1
5
]
M
.
S
h
u
a
ib
,
S
.
Ala
m
,
a
n
d
S
.
M
.
Da
u
d
,
"
Im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
Au
t
h
e
n
ti
c
i
ty
o
f
Re
a
l
Est
a
te
La
n
d
Tran
sa
c
ti
o
n
Da
ta
Us
in
g
Blo
c
k
c
h
a
in
-
Ba
se
d
S
e
c
u
rit
y
S
c
h
e
m
e
,
"
in
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
s in
Cy
b
e
r S
e
c
u
rity
,
2
0
2
0
,
p
p
.
3
-
1
0
.
[1
6
]
S
.
Ab
d
u
s,
A.
S
h
a
d
a
b
,
S
.
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
,
a
n
d
B.
M
o
h
a
m
m
a
d
.
Ub
a
id
u
ll
a
h
,
"
In
tern
e
t
o
f
Ve
h
icle
s
(Io
V)
Re
q
u
irem
e
n
ts
,
Attac
k
s a
n
d
C
o
u
n
term
e
a
su
re
s,
"
5
In
t.
C
o
n
f
.
"
Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
S
u
st
a
in
.
Gl
o
b
.
De
v
.
,
n
o
.
M
a
rc
h
,
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
4
0
3
7
-
4
0
4
0
.
[1
7
]
N.
S
u
b
ra
m
a
n
ian
,
A.
Ch
a
u
d
h
u
ri
,
Y.
Ka
y
ı
k
c
ı,
N.
S
u
b
ra
m
a
n
ian
,
A.
Ch
a
u
d
h
u
ri,
a
n
d
Y.
Ka
y
ık
c
ı,
"
Bl
o
c
k
c
h
a
i
n
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
i
n
M
a
n
u
fa
c
tu
ri
n
g
S
u
p
p
ly
Ch
a
i
n
,
"
in
Bl
o
c
k
c
h
a
in
a
n
d
S
u
p
p
ly
Ch
a
i
n
L
o
g
isti
c
s
,
C
h
a
m
:
S
p
ri
n
g
e
r
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
P
u
b
l
ish
i
n
g
,
p
p
.
5
7
-
66
,
2
0
2
0
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t 2
0
2
1
:
1
1
8
5
-
1
1
9
6
1194
[1
8
]
D.
V.
Dim
it
ro
v
,
"
Bl
o
c
k
c
h
a
in
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
fo
r
h
e
a
lt
h
c
a
re
d
a
ta
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
"
He
a
lt
h
c
.
In
f
o
rm
.
Res
.
,
v
o
l.
2
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
5
1
-
5
6
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
4
2
5
8
/
h
ir.
2
0
1
9
.
2
5
.
1
.
5
1
.
[1
9
]
S
.
Tab
re
z
S
id
d
iq
u
i,
M
.
S
h
u
a
ib
,
A.
Ku
m
a
r
G
u
p
ta,
a
n
d
S
.
Ala
m
,
"
Im
p
lem
e
n
ti
n
g
Blo
c
k
c
h
a
in
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
:
Way
t
o
Av
o
id
Ev
a
si
v
e
Th
re
a
ts
to
In
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
S
e
c
u
rit
y
o
n
Cl
o
u
d
,
"
in
2
0
2
0
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
a
n
d
In
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(ICCIT
-
1
4
4
1
)
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
2
0
,
n
o
.
Oc
to
b
e
r,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/ICCIT
-
1
4
4
1
4
7
9
7
1
.
2
0
2
0
.
9
2
1
3
7
9
8
.
[2
0
]
R.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
R.
Xu
e
,
a
n
d
L.
Li
u
,
"
S
e
c
u
rit
y
a
n
d
p
ri
v
a
c
y
o
n
b
lo
c
k
c
h
a
i
n
,
"
ACM
C
o
mp
u
t.
S
u
rv
.
,
v
o
l
.
5
2
,
n
o
.
3
,
J
u
l.
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
4
5
/3
3
1
6
4
8
1
.
[2
1
]
S
.
Z
h
a
n
g
a
n
d
J.
H
.
Lee
,
"
An
a
l
y
sis
o
f
th
e
m
a
in
c
o
n
se
n
su
s
p
ro
t
o
c
o
ls
o
f
b
lo
c
k
c
h
a
in
,
"
IC
T
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
93
-
9
7
,
Ju
n
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
icte
.
2
0
1
9
.
0
8
.
0
0
1
.
[2
2
]
P
.
P
.
Ra
y
,
D.
Da
sh
,
K.
S
a
lah
,
a
n
d
N.
Ku
m
a
r,
"
B
lo
c
k
c
h
a
in
fo
r
I
o
T
-
Ba
se
d
He
a
lt
h
c
a
re
:
Ba
c
k
g
ro
u
n
d
,
C
o
n
se
n
s
u
s,
P
latfo
rm
s,
a
n
d
Us
e
Ca
se
s,
"
IEE
E
S
y
st.
J
.
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
0
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/j
sy
st.
2
0
2
0
.
2
9
6
3
8
4
0
.
[2
3
]
C.
Ag
b
o
,
Q.
M
a
h
m
o
u
d
,
a
n
d
J.
E
k
lu
n
d
,
"
Blo
c
k
c
h
a
in
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
i
n
He
a
lt
h
c
a
re
:
A
S
y
ste
m
a
ti
c
Re
v
iew
,
"
He
a
l
th
c
a
re
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
.
5
6
,
Ap
r.
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/h
e
a
lt
h
c
a
re
7
0
2
0
0
5
6
.
[2
4
]
D.
R.
Wo
n
g
,
S
.
B
h
a
tt
a
c
h
a
ry
a
,
a
n
d
A.
J.
B
u
tt
e
,
"
P
ro
t
o
ty
p
e
o
f
ru
n
n
i
n
g
c
li
n
ica
l
tri
a
ls
in
a
n
u
n
tr
u
stwo
rt
h
y
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
u
sin
g
b
l
o
c
k
c
h
a
i
n
,
"
Na
t.
Co
mm
u
n
.
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
8
,
De
c
.
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
3
8
/s4
1
4
6
7
-
0
1
9
-
0
8
8
7
4
-
y.
[2
5
]
I.
A.
Om
a
r,
R.
Ja
y
a
ra
m
a
n
,
K.
S
a
lah
,
M
.
C.
E.
S
ims
e
k
ler,
I.
Ya
q
o
o
b
,
a
n
d
S
.
El
la
h
h
a
m
,
"
En
su
rin
g
p
ro
to
c
o
l
c
o
m
p
li
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
d
a
ta
tra
n
sp
a
re
n
c
y
i
n
c
li
n
ica
l
tri
a
ls
u
sin
g
B
lo
c
k
c
h
a
in
sm
a
rt
c
o
n
trac
ts,
"
BM
C
M
e
d
.
Res
.
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l.
,
v
o
l.
2
0
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
.
2
2
4
,
De
c
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
8
6
/s1
2
8
7
4
-
0
2
0
-
0
1
1
0
9
-
5.
[2
6
]
M
.
Be
n
c
h
o
u
fi
,
R.
P
o
rc
h
e
r,
a
n
d
P
.
Ra
v
a
u
d
,
"
Blo
c
k
c
h
a
in
p
ro
to
c
o
ls
i
n
c
li
n
ica
l
tri
a
ls:
Tran
sp
a
re
n
c
y
a
n
d
trac
e
a
b
il
it
y
o
f
c
o
n
se
n
t,
"
F1
0
0
0
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
6
,
p
.
6
6
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
2
6
8
8
/f
1
0
0
0
re
se
a
rc
h
.
1
0
5
3
1
.
5
.
[2
7
]
A.
Ch
a
wla
a
n
d
S
.
Ro
,
"
C
o
ro
n
a
v
i
ru
s
(COV
ID
-
1
9
)
–
Is
Blo
c
k
c
h
a
in
a
Tr
u
e
S
a
v
io
r
in
T
h
is
P
a
n
d
e
m
ic
C
risis,
"
S
S
R
N
El
e
c
tro
n
.
J
.
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
2
1
3
9
/s
srn
.
3
6
5
5
3
3
7
.
[2
8
]
A.
Ka
ll
a
,
T.
He
wa
,
R.
A.
M
ish
ra
,
M
.
Ylian
tt
il
a
,
a
n
d
M
.
Li
y
a
n
a
g
e
,
"
Th
e
Ro
le
o
f
Bl
o
c
k
c
h
a
in
t
o
F
ig
h
t
a
g
a
in
s
t
COV
ID
-
19,
"
I
EE
E
E
n
g
.
M
a
n
a
g
.
Rev
.
,
v
o
l.
4
8
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
8
5
-
9
6
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
EM
R.
2
0
2
0
.
3
0
1
4
0
5
2
.
[2
9
]
P
.
G
o
n
c
z
o
l,
P
.
Ka
tsi
k
o
u
li
,
L.
He
rsk
in
d
,
a
n
d
N.
Dra
g
o
n
i,
"
Bl
o
c
k
c
h
a
in
Im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
s
a
n
d
Us
e
C
a
se
s
fo
r
S
u
p
p
ly
Ch
a
in
s
-
A S
u
rv
e
y
,
"
IE
EE
Acc
e
ss
,
v
o
l.
8
,
p
p
.
1
1
8
5
6
-
1
1
8
7
1
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/ACCES
S
.
2
0
2
0
.
2
9
6
4
8
8
0
.
[3
0
]
M
.
Ko
u
h
iza
d
e
h
a
n
d
J
.
S
a
rk
is,
"
Blo
c
k
c
h
a
in
p
ra
c
ti
c
e
s,
p
o
ten
ti
a
ls,
a
n
d
p
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
s
in
g
re
e
n
i
n
g
s
u
p
p
ly
c
h
a
in
s,
"
S
u
sta
in
.
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
1
-
16
,
Oc
t.
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/su
1
0
1
0
3
6
5
2
.
[3
1
]
M
.
M
.
Q
u
e
iro
z
a
n
d
S
.
F
o
ss
o
Wam
b
a
,
"
Bl
o
c
k
c
h
a
i
n
a
d
o
p
t
io
n
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
in
su
p
p
ly
c
h
a
in
:
An
e
m
p
iri
c
a
l
in
v
e
sti
g
a
ti
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
m
a
in
d
ri
v
e
rs
i
n
I
n
d
ia
a
n
d
t
h
e
USA,
"
I
n
t.
J
.
I
n
f.
M
a
n
a
g
e
.
,
v
o
l.
4
6
,
p
p
.
7
0
-
8
2
,
J
u
n
.
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
ij
in
f
o
m
g
t.
2
0
1
8
.
1
1
.
0
2
1
.
[3
2
]
M
.
U.
Bo
k
h
a
ri
a
n
d
S
.
Ala
m
,
"
B
S
F
-
1
2
8
:
a
n
e
w
sy
n
c
h
ro
n
o
u
s
stre
a
m
c
ip
h
e
r
d
e
sig
n
,
"
i
n
Pro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
o
f
in
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
e
me
rg
i
n
g
tre
n
d
s i
n
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
2
0
1
3
,
p
p
.
5
4
1
-
5
4
5
.
[3
3
]
M
.
U.
Bo
k
h
a
ri
,
S
.
Ala
m
,
a
n
d
F
.
S
.
M
a
so
o
d
i,
"
Cry
p
tan
a
ly
sis tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
fo
r
stre
a
m
c
ip
h
e
r:
a
su
r
v
e
y
,
"
I
n
t.
J
.
C
o
mp
u
t.
Ap
p
l
.
,
v
o
l.
6
0
,
n
o
.
9
,
2
0
1
2
,
d
o
i
:1
0
.
5
1
2
0
/
9
7
2
1
-
4
1
8
7
.
[3
4
]
M.
Arife
e
n
,
A.
Al
M
a
m
u
n
,
a
n
d
M
.
S
h
a
m
im
Ka
ise
r,
"
Bl
o
c
k
c
h
a
i
n
-
e
n
a
b
le
C
o
n
tac
t
Trac
in
g
fo
r
P
r
e
se
rv
in
g
Us
e
r
P
riv
a
c
y
Du
ri
n
g
CO
VID
-
1
9
Ou
t
b
re
a
k
,
"
n
o
.
Ju
ly
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
1
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
h
tt
p
s://
d
o
i
.
o
r
g
/1
0
.
2
0
9
4
4
/p
re
p
rin
ts2
0
2
0
0
7
.
0
5
0
2
.
v
1
.
[3
5]
W.
L
v
,
S
.
W
u
,
C.
Jia
n
g
,
Y.
C
u
i,
X.
Qiu
,
a
n
d
Y.
Zh
a
n
g
,
"
De
c
e
n
tra
li
z
e
d
Bl
o
c
k
c
h
a
in
f
o
r
P
riv
a
c
y
-
P
re
se
rv
in
g
Larg
e
-
S
c
a
le Co
n
tac
t
Trac
in
g
,
"
a
rXiv
,
J
u
l.
2
0
2
0
,
[On
li
n
e
].
Av
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
:
//
a
rx
iv
.
o
rg
/ab
s/2
0
0
7
.
0
0
8
9
4
.
[3
6
]
M
.
S
h
u
a
i
b
,
A.
S
a
m
a
d
,
S
.
Ala
m
,
a
n
d
S
.
T.
S
i
d
d
i
q
u
i,
"
Wh
y
Ad
o
p
t
in
g
Clo
u
d
Is
S
ti
l
l
a
C
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
?
—
A
Re
v
iew
o
n
Iss
u
e
s
a
n
d
Ch
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
f
o
r
Clo
u
d
M
ig
ra
ti
o
n
i
n
Or
g
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
s,
"
in
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
s
i
n
In
telli
g
e
n
t
S
y
ste
ms
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
v
o
l.
9
0
4
,
p
p
.
3
8
7
-
3
9
9
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
9
7
8
-
9
8
1
-
13
-
5
9
3
4
-
7
3
5
.
[3
7
]
C.
d
e
Vill
iers
,
S
.
Ku
r
u
p
p
u
,
a
n
d
D.
Diss
a
n
a
y
a
k
e
,
"
A
(n
e
w)
ro
le
fo
r
b
u
si
n
e
ss
–
P
r
o
m
o
ti
n
g
t
h
e
Un
it
e
d
Na
ti
o
n
s
'
S
u
sta
in
a
b
le
De
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
G
o
a
ls
th
ro
u
g
h
th
e
i
n
tern
e
t
-
of
-
t
h
i
n
g
s
a
n
d
b
l
o
c
k
c
h
a
in
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
"
J
.
Bu
s
.
Res
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
.
6
7
1
,
De
c
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
jb
u
sre
s.2
0
2
0
.
1
1
.
0
6
6
.
[3
8
]
M
.
C.
Ch
a
n
g
a
n
d
D
.
P
a
rk
,
"
Ho
w Can
Blo
c
k
c
h
a
in
He
l
p
P
e
o
p
le i
n
t
h
e
Ev
e
n
t
o
f
P
a
n
d
e
m
ics
S
u
c
h
a
s
t
h
e
COV
ID
-
1
9
?
,
"
J
.
M
e
d
.
S
y
st.
,
v
o
l.
4
4
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
.
1
0
2
,
M
a
y
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/s
1
0
9
1
6
-
0
2
0
-
0
1
5
7
7
-
8.
[3
9
]
D.
S
.
W.
Ti
n
g
,
L.
Ca
rin
,
V.
Dz
a
u
,
a
n
d
T.
Y.
Wo
n
g
,
"
Di
g
it
a
l
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
COV
ID
-
1
9
,
"
Na
t.
M
e
d
.
,
v
o
l.
2
6
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
4
5
9
-
4
6
1
,
Ap
r
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
3
8
/s4
1
5
9
1
-
0
2
0
-
0
8
2
4
-
5.
[4
0
]
T.
P
.
M
a
sh
a
m
b
a
-
T
h
o
m
p
s
o
n
a
n
d
E.
D.
Cra
y
t
o
n
,
"
Bl
o
c
k
c
h
a
i
n
a
n
d
a
rti
ficia
l
in
telli
g
e
n
c
e
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
n
o
v
e
l
c
o
ro
n
a
v
iru
s
d
ise
a
se
-
1
9
se
lf
-
t
e
stin
g
,
"
Dia
g
n
o
stics
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
.
1
9
8
,
Ap
r
.
0
1
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/d
iag
n
o
stics
1
0
0
4
0
1
9
8
.
[4
1
]
V.
Ch
a
m
o
la,
V.
Ha
ss
ij
a
,
V.
G
u
p
ta,
a
n
d
M
.
G
u
iza
n
i,
"
A
C
o
m
p
re
h
e
n
siv
e
Re
v
iew
o
f
t
h
e
COV
ID
-
1
9
P
a
n
d
e
m
ic
a
n
d
th
e
Ro
le
o
f
Io
T,
Dro
n
e
s,
AI,
Blo
c
k
c
h
a
in
,
a
n
d
5
G
in
M
a
n
a
g
in
g
it
s
Im
p
a
c
t,
"
IEE
E
Acc
e
ss
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
Ap
ril
,
p
p
.
9
0
2
2
5
-
9
0
2
6
5
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/ACCES
S
.
2
0
2
0
.
2
9
9
2
3
4
1
.
[4
2
]
A.
S
h
a
rm
a
,
S
.
Ba
h
l,
A.
K.
Ba
g
h
a
,
M
.
Ja
v
a
i
d
,
D.
K.
S
h
u
k
la,
a
n
d
A.
Ha
lee
m
,
"
B
lo
c
k
c
h
a
in
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
i
ts
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
t
o
c
o
m
b
a
t
COV
I
D
-
1
9
p
a
n
d
e
m
ic,
"
Res
e
a
rc
h
o
n
Bi
o
me
d
ica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
.
O
c
t.
2
2
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/s4
2
6
0
0
-
0
2
0
-
0
0
1
0
6
-
3.
[4
3
]
T.
Alb
e
rti
a
n
d
D.
F
a
ra
n
d
a
,
"
O
n
t
h
e
u
n
c
e
rtain
ty
o
f
re
a
l
-
ti
m
e
p
re
d
i
c
ti
o
n
s
o
f
e
p
i
d
e
m
ic
g
ro
wt
h
s:
A
C
OV
ID
-
1
9
c
a
se
stu
d
y
f
o
r
C
h
i
n
a
a
n
d
Ital
y
,
"
Co
mm
u
n
.
N
o
n
li
n
e
a
r
S
c
i.
Nu
m
e
r.
S
imu
l.
,
v
o
l.
9
0
,
p
.
1
0
5
3
7
2
,
N
o
v
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
c
n
sn
s.2
0
2
0
.
1
0
5
3
7
2
.
[4
4
]
D.
F
a
n
e
ll
i
a
n
d
F
.
P
iaz
z
a
,
"
An
a
ly
sis
a
n
d
fo
re
c
a
st
o
f
COV
ID
-
1
9
sp
re
a
d
in
g
i
n
Ch
i
n
a
,
Ital
y
a
n
d
F
ra
n
c
e
,
"
Ch
a
o
s,
S
o
li
t
o
n
s
&
Fra
c
ta
ls
,
v
o
l.
1
3
4
,
p
.
1
0
9
7
6
1
,
M
a
y
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
c
h
a
o
s.2
0
2
0
.
1
0
9
7
6
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.