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1.
I
NT
RO
D
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O
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Su
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ap
p
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x
im
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ter
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SAR
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to
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s
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ADCs
)
ar
e
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of
th
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y
,
an
d
m
o
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cir
cu
it
co
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p
lex
ity
[
1
]
.
Su
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v
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s
ar
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tili
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d
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n
th
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4
]
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s
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s
with
th
e
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R
F
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an
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M
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ADCs
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d
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witch
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ca
p
a
cito
r
f
ilter
s
[
1
]
n
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d
a
co
n
s
id
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ab
le
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
ac
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iev
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g
h
ig
h
lin
ea
r
ity
[
5
]
,
h
ig
h
p
r
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is
io
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[
6
]
p
lu
s
a
m
in
im
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p
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in
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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KOM
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C
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p
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Vo
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19
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2
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Ap
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2
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5
4
7
-
555
548
lo
w
s
u
p
p
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T
o
d
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r
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ase
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o
v
e
r
all
p
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c
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m
p
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[
7
-
1
0
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,
a
s
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le
-
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n
d
ed
S
AR
ADC
m
ay
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e
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f
av
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tr
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o
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ap
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a
s
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lit
ca
p
ac
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ig
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to
an
alo
g
co
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v
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ter
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D
AC
)
with
on
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ch
ip
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lib
r
atio
n
to
r
e
d
u
ce
a
r
ea
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d
p
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is
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ip
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.
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e
m
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t
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th
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tic
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s
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lu
e
n
c
in
g
th
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lin
ea
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th
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ADC
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e
ch
ar
g
e
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ctio
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ee
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th
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g
h
.
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co
u
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tio
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ar
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is
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t
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t
th
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t
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ally
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tili
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d
is
th
e
d
u
m
m
y
s
witch
tech
n
iq
u
e
an
d
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
g
ate
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o
d
.
T
h
e
to
tal
d
esig
n
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s
im
u
lated
in
C
ad
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ce
4
5
n
m
C
MO
S
tech
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o
lo
g
y
at
a
t
y
p
ical
(
T
T
)
p
r
o
ce
s
s
co
r
n
e
r
.
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h
ese
c
o
n
ce
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ts
ar
e
ex
p
lain
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i
n
th
e
f
o
l
lo
win
g
s
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tio
n
s
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
p
ap
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is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
as
f
o
llo
ws:
s
ec
tio
n
2
d
e
p
icts
th
e
b
asic
b
u
ild
i
n
g
b
lo
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s
a
n
d
p
r
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p
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s
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tech
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i
q
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f
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Sectio
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3
p
r
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th
e
ex
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C
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s
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4.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
b
lo
c
k
d
iag
r
am
o
f
wir
eless
im
p
lan
tab
le
s
y
s
tem
[
11
]
2.
I
M
P
L
E
M
E
NT
A
T
I
O
N
O
F
S
AR
-
ADC
T
o
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ig
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u
m
m
y
s
witch
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
a
f
u
lly
d
if
f
er
en
tial
m
an
n
e
r
.
T
h
e
Ar
ch
ite
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
SAR
-
ADC
is
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
2.
T
h
e
f
u
lly
d
if
f
er
e
n
tial
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
at
th
e
f
r
o
n
t
-
en
d
o
f
ADC
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate,
s
u
p
p
ly
n
o
is
e,
an
d
co
m
m
o
n
m
o
d
e
n
o
is
e.
I
n
th
is
a
r
ch
itectu
r
e
s
p
lit
ca
p
ac
ito
r
,
DAC
with
ca
lib
r
atio
n
is
u
s
ed
to
l
ess
en
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
m
is
m
atch
an
d
p
o
wer
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
.
I
n
th
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ADC
s
am
p
lin
g
is
d
o
n
e
o
n
th
e
ca
p
ac
i
to
r
’
s
to
p
p
lates
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
b
o
o
ts
tr
ap
s
witch
[
1
2
]
.
Vo
lt
ag
e
V
r
ef
is
d
ir
ec
tly
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
b
o
tto
m
p
late
o
f
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
th
r
o
u
g
h
c
o
n
tr
o
l
lo
g
ic.
T
h
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
latch
co
m
p
ar
ato
r
c
o
m
p
ar
es th
e
in
itial v
a
lu
e
with
o
u
t sh
if
t u
p
an
y
ca
p
ac
ito
r
.
Dete
r
m
in
ed
b
y
th
e
in
h
er
en
t
lo
g
ic
o
f
th
is
co
m
p
ar
ato
r
th
at
th
e
MSB
ca
p
ac
ito
r
is
ch
an
g
ed
in
to
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
will
b
e
r
ep
licated
u
n
til
th
e
r
ig
h
t
L
SB
h
as
b
ee
n
d
ec
id
e
d
.
T
h
e
elem
e
n
tar
y
b
lo
ck
s
o
f
th
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ADC
ar
e
s
am
p
le
an
d
h
o
ld
,
d
y
n
am
ic
latch
co
m
p
ar
at
o
r
,
s
u
cc
ess
iv
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
r
eg
is
ter
,
co
n
tr
o
l
lo
g
ic
,
an
d
D
AC
.
T
h
e
r
e
ar
e
two
non
-
id
ea
l
ef
f
ec
ts
ass
o
ciate
d
w
ith
th
e
b
o
o
ts
tr
ap
s
witch
at
th
e
f
r
o
n
t
-
e
n
d
o
f
ADC.
T
h
ese
t
wo
im
p
ac
ts
ar
e
ch
a
r
g
e
in
jectio
n
an
d
clo
ck
f
ee
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
.
T
h
ese
n
o
n
-
id
ea
l
ef
f
ec
ts
an
d
ca
n
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
clo
ck
b
o
o
s
ter
cir
cu
it,
th
e
d
u
m
m
y
s
witch
m
eth
o
d
in
th
e
b
o
o
ts
tr
ap
cir
cu
it.
T
h
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
s
p
lit
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
DAC
g
iv
es
m
is
m
atch
er
r
o
r
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
to
r
e
d
u
ce
th
o
s
e
m
is
m
atch
es o
n
-
ch
i
p
ca
lib
r
atio
n
h
as b
ee
n
d
o
n
e
an
d
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
th
is
p
ap
er
.
2
.
1
.
Clo
c
k
bo
o
s
t
er
o
pera
t
io
n
T
h
e
co
n
d
u
ctan
ce
is
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
to
m
ain
tain
th
e
lin
ea
r
ity
o
f
a
n
y
c
ir
cu
it.
T
h
e
c
o
n
d
u
ctan
ce
o
f
th
is
s
witch
is
n
o
t
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
.
I
t
h
an
g
s
o
v
er
t
h
e
3
ter
m
i
n
als
o
f
MO
SF
E
T
an
d
av
ailab
le
o
n
p
r
in
cip
al
s
o
u
r
c
e
v
o
ltag
e.
T
h
u
s
,
to
m
o
d
u
late
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
with
f
ewe
r
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
v
o
ltag
es,
s
ig
n
als
b
ey
o
n
d
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
v
o
ltag
e
s
ca
le
is
d
esira
b
le.
T
h
is
ty
p
e
o
f
ap
p
licatio
n
m
ay
b
e
r
ea
ch
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
clo
ck
b
o
o
s
ter
.
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
th
e
b
o
o
ts
tr
ap
cir
cu
it
an
d
clo
ck
b
o
o
s
ter
is
ex
p
lain
ed
.
T
h
e
cir
c
u
it
o
f
th
e
clo
c
k
b
o
o
s
ter
is
d
is
p
lay
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
clo
ck
o
f
th
e
clo
ck
b
o
o
s
ter
[
5
]
is
g
iv
en
at
in
p
u
t
Q.
I
n
ca
s
e
th
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
is
s
til
l
h
ig
h
,
an
d
th
en
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
s
ig
n
al
in
v
er
ter
Q
b
is
lik
ely
to
b
e
in
lo
w
v
o
ltag
e
,
th
e
n
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
at
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
i
n
v
er
ter
Qd
will
b
e
h
ig
h
.
T
h
e
n
o
d
e
Qd
is
co
n
n
ec
te
d
as a
n
in
p
u
t to
MO
SF
E
T
NM
0
.
So
,
th
is
NM
0
MO
S
FET
will b
e
ON.
T
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
v
o
ltag
e
will a
p
p
ea
r
at
n
o
d
e
a.
T
h
e
MO
SF
E
T
NM
1
g
ate
is
at
tach
ed
to
th
e
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
ly
,
t
h
er
ef
o
r
e
th
is
NM
1
MO
SF
E
T
will p
r
o
b
ab
ly
b
e
ON
all
th
e
ti
m
e.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
at
o
u
t
p
u
t p
o
r
t
Q2
is
lo
w
an
d
th
is
p
o
r
t is co
n
n
ec
ted
to
t
h
e
g
ate
o
f
PM0
an
d
PM2
.
So
,
th
ese
MO
S
FET
s
wil
l
b
e
ON
an
d
p
r
e
-
ch
ar
g
ed
to
Vd
d
.
I
n
ca
s
e
th
e
in
p
u
t
clo
ck
v
o
ltag
e
is
lo
w,
th
en
th
e
MO
SF
E
T
PM0
will
b
e
at
Vd
d
a
n
d
PM1
will
b
e
at
Vd
d
¬
--
Vtp
.
Du
r
in
g
th
is
tim
e
,
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
C
1
an
d
C
2
will
b
e
ch
ar
g
ed
t
o
s
u
p
p
ly
v
o
ltag
e
Vd
d
.
T
h
e
MO
SF
E
T
PM2
is
u
s
ed
to
r
etain
th
e
Vg
d
o
f
PM3
as
lo
w
an
d
Vg
s
as Vd
d
+
Vth
,
p
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
at
n
o
d
e
Q2
is
g
iv
en
b
y
:
V(
Q_
2
)
=2
×V
_
d
d
(
C
_
1
/(
C
_
1
+C_
2
)
)
(
1
)
M
i
c
r
o
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
A
r
r
a
y
P
o
w
e
r
S
u
p
p
l
y
S
A
R
A
D
C
A
M
P
M
i
c
r
o
s
t
i
m
u
l
a
t
o
r
M
P
U
P
C
R
F
T
r
a
n
s
c
e
i
v
e
r
R
F
T
r
a
n
s
c
e
i
v
e
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
A
9
.
3
8
-
b
it,
4
2
2
n
W,
h
ig
h
lin
e
a
r
S
A
R
-
A
DC
fo
r
w
ir
eles
s
imp
la
n
ta
b
le
s
ystem
(
S
ilp
a
K
esa
v
V
ela
g
a
leti
)
549
T
h
e
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
C
2
c
o
m
p
r
is
es o
f
th
e
p
ar
asit
ic
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
o
n
th
e
n
o
d
es f
o
c
u
s
ed
b
y
Q2
.
T
o
m
in
im
ize
p
ar
asit
ic
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
C
1
is
ch
o
s
en
as
a
v
er
y
h
ig
h
v
al
u
e.
T
h
at
is
.
W
it
h
th
is
v
alu
e,
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
2
Vd
d
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
will b
e
attain
ed
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
Sh
em
atic
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
in
g
le
en
d
ed
SA
R
ADC
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Diag
r
am
o
f
clo
ck
b
o
o
s
ter
cir
cu
it
2
.
2
.
T
he
pro
po
s
ed
bo
o
t
s
t
ra
p c
ircuit
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
with
th
e
d
u
m
m
y
s
witch
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
b
o
o
ts
tr
ap
s
witch
as
p
r
e
s
en
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
I
n
th
is
cir
cu
it,
wh
en
C
lk
b
is
in
h
ig
h
s
tate
NM
1
will
b
e
“ON
”
an
d
u
s
ed
to
s
to
r
e
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
V
dd
in
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
C
b
y
PM1
a
n
d
NM
1
.
T
h
is
ca
p
ac
ito
r
ac
ts
as
a
s
to
r
a
g
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
etwe
en
th
e
V
gs
of
MO
SF
E
T
NM
4
.
T
h
e
MO
SF
E
T
s
PM2
an
d
N
M3
ar
e
u
tili
ze
d
to
s
ep
ar
ate
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
C
f
r
o
m
NM
4
w
h
en
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
is
ch
ar
g
in
g
.
At
th
e
p
o
i
n
t
wh
en
t
h
e
C
lk
is
in
h
ig
h
s
tate,
th
e
p
o
in
t
NM
0
will
b
e
"ON
"
an
d
it
p
u
lls
d
o
wn
th
e
g
ate
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
M
2
,
m
ak
i
n
g
PM2
"
ON"
.
Pre
s
en
tly
,
th
e
MO
SF
E
T
PM2
is
"ON
"
an
d
it
p
er
m
its
th
e
ch
ar
g
e
s
to
r
e
d
in
ca
p
ac
ito
r
C
in
to
th
e
g
ate
o
f
th
e
MO
SF
E
T
NM
4
.
T
h
e
MO
S
FET
N
M
3
is
u
til
ized
to
k
ee
p
th
e
g
ate
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
NM
4
at
th
e
s
u
p
p
ly
v
o
ltag
e
V
dd
b
y
m
ak
in
g
V
gs
o
f
NM
4
as
co
n
s
tan
t.
P
r
ec
is
ely
th
e
s
tag
e
wh
en
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
V
gs
o
f
th
is
NM
4
is
cu
r
r
en
tly
at
V
dd
,
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
tly
t
h
e
g
ate
v
o
ltag
e
will
lik
el
y
p
r
o
b
ab
ly
b
e
a
t
2V
dd
.
T
h
e
d
u
m
m
y
s
witch
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
b
etwe
en
th
e
b
o
o
ts
tr
ap
s
witch
an
d
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
to
av
o
id
n
o
n
-
lin
ea
r
ity
er
r
o
r
s
.
I
n
th
is
s
am
p
le
an
d
h
o
l
d
cir
cu
it,
clo
c
k
b
o
o
s
ter
o
u
tp
u
ts
Q1
a
n
d
Q2
a
r
e
co
n
n
e
cted
to
C
lk
,
C
lk
b
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
o
o
ts
tr
ap
cir
c
u
it
to
r
eg
u
late
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
s
win
g
.
W
h
en
NM
4
g
o
es to
OFF s
tate
,
h
alf
o
f
th
e
ch
an
n
el
ch
a
r
g
e
m
o
v
es to
wa
r
d
s
th
e
s
witch
NM
7
an
d
an
o
th
er
h
alf
o
f
th
e
ch
a
r
g
e
m
o
v
es
to
wa
r
d
s
th
e
in
p
u
t
V
in
.
T
h
e
ch
a
n
n
el
ch
ar
g
e
p
er
u
n
it
ar
ea
o
f
in
v
e
r
ted
c
h
a
n
n
el
ca
n
b
e
wr
i
tten
as;
Q
I
′
(
y
)
=
C
ox
′
.
(
V
GS
−
V
T
HN
)
(
2
)
C
l
k
1
C
l
k
2
C
l
k
1
0
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il 2
0
2
1
:
5
4
7
-
555
550
T
h
e
to
tal
ch
ar
g
e
in
th
e
c
h
an
n
e
l m
u
s
t th
en
b
e
m
u
ltip
lied
b
y
th
e
ar
ea
o
f
t
h
e
ch
an
n
el
r
esu
ltin
g
in
;
Q
I
(
y
)
=
C
ox
′
.
W
.
L
.
(
V
GS
−
V
T
HN
)
(
3
)
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
c
h
an
g
e
i
n
v
o
lta
g
e
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
C
load
o
f
th
e
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OS sw
itch
is
;
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V
l
o
ad
=
−
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ox
′
.
W
.
L
.
(
V
DD
−
V
in
−
V
T
H
N
)
2
C
l
o
ad
(
4
)
I
f
th
e
clo
c
k
s
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g
s
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etwe
en
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dd
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d
g
r
o
u
n
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an
d
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y
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u
b
s
titu
tin
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e
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r
esh
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o
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e,
th
e
n
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load
is
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l
o
ad
=
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ox
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L
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(
V
DD
−
V
in
−
[
V
T
H
N
0
+
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|
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fp
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in
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l
o
ad
−
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2
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fp
|
2
C
l
o
ad
(
5
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
o
o
ts
t
r
ap
cir
cu
it
T
h
e
ch
an
g
e
in
v
o
ltag
e
ac
r
o
s
s
C
load
is
n
o
n
-
lin
ea
r
with
r
esp
ec
t
to
V
in
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
th
r
esh
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ld
v
o
l
tag
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h
is
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-
lin
ea
r
ity
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n
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e
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v
er
c
o
m
e
b
y
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n
n
ec
tin
g
o
n
e
NM
OS
s
witch
with
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
d
r
ain
s
h
o
r
ted
.
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h
e
MO
SF
E
T
NM
7
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
d
r
ain
ar
e
s
h
o
r
t
-
cir
cu
ited
.
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h
an
n
el
ca
n
s
till
b
e
estab
lis
h
ed
af
ter
ap
p
ly
in
g
en
o
u
g
h
v
o
ltag
e
at
g
ate
co
n
tr
o
l.
T
h
e
ch
ar
g
e
in
je
cted
b
y
NM
4
will
b
e
m
atch
e
d
b
y
th
e
c
h
ar
g
e
in
d
u
ce
d
b
y
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7
.
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w,
if
NM
7
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SF
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T
is
in
th
e
OFF
s
tate,
th
en
th
e
to
tal
ch
ar
g
e
will
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e
i
n
d
u
ce
d
i
n
b
o
t
h
th
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
.
Sin
ce
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7
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
d
r
ai
n
ar
e
s
h
o
r
ted
a
n
d
V
in
i
s
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im
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ed
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ce
n
o
d
e
,
th
e
t
o
tal
ch
ar
g
e
will
b
e
i
n
jecte
d
in
t
o
NM
4
MO
SF
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T
to
th
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
V
in
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
n
o
n
-
lin
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r
ity
er
r
o
r
s
o
f
cl
o
ck
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ee
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th
r
o
u
g
h
a
n
d
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h
ar
g
e
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jectio
n
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av
e
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ee
n
r
ed
u
ce
d
.
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h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
t
h
e
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r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
o
o
ts
tr
ap
d
esig
n
with
d
u
m
m
y
s
witch
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th
e
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u
ll
d
if
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e
r
e
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tial
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u
ctu
r
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o
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h
itectu
r
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o
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e
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etter
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ea
r
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2.
3
.
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t
ch
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o
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pa
r
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t
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r
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h
e
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ia
g
r
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o
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t
h
e
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r
o
p
o
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ed
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y
n
am
ic
l
atc
h
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m
p
a
r
a
to
r
w
it
h
r
e
d
u
ce
d
m
is
m
at
ch
[
1
3
-
1
5
]
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
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h
is
co
m
p
ar
ato
r
wo
r
k
s
in
two
s
tag
es,
n
am
ely
,
t
h
e
c
o
n
v
er
s
io
n
s
tag
e
an
d
th
e
r
eg
en
e
r
atio
n
s
tag
e.
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n
th
e
c
o
n
v
er
s
io
n
s
tag
e,
th
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
es
o
f
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
latch
c
o
m
p
ar
ato
r
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
.
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h
en
C
lk
C
is
h
ig
h
th
e
MO
SF
E
T
M7
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in
th
e
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t
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o
f
f
r
eg
i
o
n
,
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e
n
th
e
o
u
tp
u
ts
O
ut
P
an
d
O
ut
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o
f
th
e
c
o
m
p
ar
ato
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ar
e
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h
an
g
e
d
to
lo
g
ic1
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f
ter
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lk
C
d
r
iv
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ic
0
,
at
th
at
tim
e
t
h
e
MO
S
FET
s
M5
an
d
M6
a
r
e
in
th
e
cu
to
f
f
r
eg
i
o
n
p
lu
s
M7
will
b
e
tu
r
n
in
g
o
n
.
At
th
at
tim
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th
e
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m
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ar
at
o
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th
e
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m
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ar
is
o
n
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h
ase
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o
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
t
h
e
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y
n
a
m
i
c
l
at
ch
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o
m
p
a
r
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o
r
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t
e
r
m
s
o
f
o
f
f
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et
v
o
lt
ag
e
a
n
d
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o
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r
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th
e
m
is
m
a
tc
h
es
o
f
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
ti
al
p
ai
r
h
a
ve
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e
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r
o
v
e
d
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ir
s
t
.
T
h
e
PMOS
t
r
a
n
s
is
to
r
s
(
M
1
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M2
,
M
7
,
M
b
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a
r
e
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ak
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g
t
h
e
as
p
e
ct
r
at
io
o
f
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L
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m
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1
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,
an
d
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OS
tr
a
n
s
is
to
r
s
a
r
e
ta
k
i
n
g
t
h
e
as
p
ec
t
r
ati
o
o
f
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L
=
2
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m
/
1
8
0
n
m
an
d
th
e
P
MO
S in
v
er
te
r
p
ai
r
(
M8
a
n
d
M
1
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)
as
p
e
ct
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at
io
is
3
µm
/1
8
0
n
m
.
T
h
e
t
h
r
es
h
o
l
d
m
is
m
a
tc
h
V
th
is
σ
V
th
=
A
V
th
√
WL
an
d
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
f
ac
to
r
β
=
µ
n
C
ox
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
σ
β
=
A
β
√
WL
.
Her
e
A
V
th
an
d
A
β
ar
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
.
T
h
e
o
f
f
s
et
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
d
y
n
am
ic
lat
ch
co
m
p
ar
ato
r
ca
n
b
e
s
tated
as
;
V
os
=
Δ
V
t
h1
,
2
+
(
V
gs
−
V
th
)
1
,
2
2
(
Δ
M
1
,
2
M
1
,
2
+
Δ
R
R
)
(
6
)
V
o
u
t
C
l
k
b
V
i
n
C
l
k
b
C
l
k
C
l
k
b
C
=
5
f
N
M
0
P
M
0
P
M
1
P
M
2
N
M
5
N
M
6
N
M
3
N
M
4
N
M
1
N
M
2
S
G
N
M
7
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
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elec
o
m
m
u
n
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551
wh
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e
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th
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2
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t
h
e
t
h
r
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ld
v
o
lt
ag
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o
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t
h
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n
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t
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f
e
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n
t
ial
p
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ir
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1
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n
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M
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GS
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TH
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1
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is
th
e
ef
f
e
cti
v
e
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
tia
l
MO
SF
E
T
s
,
∆
M
1
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2
M
1
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2
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is
t
h
e
m
is
m
at
ch
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o
n
g
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1
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n
d
M
2
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∆R
w
o
u
l
d
b
e
t
h
e
lo
ad
in
g
r
esis
ta
n
c
e
d
is
c
r
e
p
a
n
c
y
p
r
o
d
u
c
ed
b
y
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M
6
.
T
h
e
p
r
im
a
r
y
ex
p
r
ess
i
o
n
is
a
c
h
a
n
g
e
o
f
t
h
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esh
o
ld
v
o
lta
g
e,
w
h
i
ch
is
v
e
r
y
l
ess
,
s
o
t
h
is
te
r
m
d
o
es
n
o
t
af
f
e
ct
th
e
f
u
n
cti
o
n
.
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n
o
t
h
e
r
t
e
r
m
is
s
i
g
n
a
l
r
el
ia
n
t
o
n
d
y
n
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ic
o
f
f
s
et
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h
e
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E
T
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1
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is
u
s
e
d
t
o
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ed
u
c
e
th
e
m
is
m
a
tc
h
b
etw
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n
t
h
e
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T
s
M
1
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n
d
M
2
.
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s
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at
ch
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r
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te
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ce
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h
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f
f
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et
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n
d
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s
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n
g
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n
t
e
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ar
l
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n
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y
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is
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t
h
e
wi
d
t
h
s
o
f
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2
a
n
d
M7
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e
m
e
as
u
r
ed
as
3
.
6
8
µ
m
a
n
d
3
.
8
µm
r
esp
ec
t
i
v
el
y
.
I
n
t
h
is
d
esi
g
n
t
o
co
m
p
a
r
e
all
th
e
co
m
b
i
n
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n
s
o
f
d
i
g
i
tal
t
o
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al
o
g
c
o
n
v
e
r
te
r
o
u
t
p
u
ts
,
t
h
e
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iz
e
o
f
th
is
co
m
p
a
r
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o
r
h
as
b
e
en
t
ak
e
n
as
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
wi
d
t
h
3
µ
m
a
n
d
1
µm
r
es
p
ec
ti
v
el
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
y
n
a
m
ic
co
m
p
ar
ato
r
2
.
4
.
Sp
lit
ca
pa
cit
a
nce
DAC
Sp
lit
ca
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cita
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ce
c
h
a
r
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i
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u
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g
i
tal
t
o
an
al
o
g
co
n
v
e
r
t
er
(
SC
-
DAC
)
is
th
e
b
es
t
m
et
h
o
d
t
o
r
e
d
u
ce
i
n
p
u
t
c
ap
ac
i
ta
n
c
e,
a
r
ea
,
a
n
d
p
o
we
r
.
I
n
1
0
-
b
i
t
c
h
a
r
g
e
r
e
d
is
t
r
i
b
u
ti
o
n
DAC,
t
h
e
to
tal
c
ap
ac
i
ta
n
c
e
v
al
u
e
is
5
1
2
C
,
w
h
i
ch
o
cc
u
p
i
es
a
la
r
g
e
a
r
e
a
a
n
d
d
is
s
ip
ates
m
o
r
e
p
o
we
r
.
T
o
r
e
d
u
c
e
i
n
p
u
t
ca
p
a
cita
n
ce
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
s
p
lit
ca
p
a
cita
n
ce
ar
r
a
y
DAC
[
1
6
-
20
]
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
.
T
h
e
c
a
p
ac
ita
n
c
es
a
r
e
d
i
v
i
d
e
d
i
n
t
o
L
-
s
i
d
e
a
n
d
M
-
s
i
d
e
co
n
n
e
cte
d
wit
h
t
h
e
b
r
id
g
e
c
ap
ac
it
o
r
.
T
h
e
l
o
w
er
w
ei
g
h
t
s
id
e
ca
p
a
cit
an
ce
is
e
q
u
i
v
al
e
n
t
t
o
th
e
h
ig
h
e
r
w
ei
g
h
t
s
id
e
ca
p
a
cit
a
n
ce
.
T
h
e
b
r
i
d
g
e
c
ap
ac
i
to
r
C
b
o
r
ig
in
s
p
o
o
r
m
a
tc
h
in
g
a
n
d
n
o
n
-
li
n
e
ar
it
y
wit
h
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
i
n
g
ca
p
ac
i
to
r
s
.
T
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
atc
h
i
n
g
a
n
d
li
n
ea
r
it
y
,
a
n
on
-
c
h
i
p
ca
l
ib
r
a
ti
o
n
m
et
h
o
d
wit
h
t
h
e
s
p
lit
ca
p
a
cit
a
n
c
e
DAC
h
as
b
e
e
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
.
T
h
e
s
c
h
em
ati
c
o
f
D
AC
w
it
h
ca
li
b
r
ati
o
n
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
.
I
n
iti
all
y
,
f
o
r
s
p
lit
ca
p
ac
ita
n
ce
DAC
,
ca
p
ac
it
o
r
v
al
u
es a
r
e
C
n
,
C
n
,
2
C
n
,
4
C
n
,
8
C
n
,1
6C
n,
an
d
b
r
i
d
g
e
ca
p
ac
i
ta
n
c
e
is
(
3
2
/3
1
)
C
n
.
W
i
th
t
h
ese
v
a
lu
es
,
t
h
e
p
o
we
r
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
ti
o
n
a
n
d
n
o
n
-
l
in
e
a
r
it
y
a
r
e
m
o
r
e
.
He
n
c
e,
t
h
e
b
r
id
g
e
c
ap
ac
i
ta
n
c
e
is
C
b
is
d
e
s
ig
n
e
d
t
o
b
e
g
r
e
ate
r
th
a
n
(
3
2
/
3
1
)
C
n
.
T
h
e
ca
l
ib
r
ati
o
n
c
a
p
ac
ita
n
ce
C
c
c
an
b
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
te
d
o
n
n
o
d
e
Q
t
o
r
ec
o
m
p
e
n
s
e
th
e
m
is
m
at
ch
o
f
th
e
s
p
li
t
ca
p
ac
it
a
n
c
e
DAC
ar
r
ay
.
He
r
e
,
C
p1
a
n
d
C
p2
a
r
e
t
h
e
p
a
r
as
itic
ca
p
a
cit
o
r
s
.
T
h
e
n
o
d
e
P
is
s
e
t
to
co
m
m
o
n
-
m
o
d
e
v
o
lt
a
g
e
V
cm
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
s
am
p
l
in
g
p
h
ase
a
n
d
it
r
et
u
r
n
s
t
o
V
cm
to
wa
r
d
th
e
f
in
is
h
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
n
v
er
s
i
o
n
p
h
ase
.
I
n
t
h
is
m
a
n
n
e
r
,
n
o
d
e
P
ac
ts
as
a
v
i
r
t
u
al
g
r
o
u
n
d
a
n
d
t
h
e
p
a
r
asi
tic
ca
p
a
cit
an
ce
o
n
th
is
n
o
d
e
c
an
b
e
i
g
n
o
r
e
d
.
Ass
u
m
i
n
g
t
h
at
t
h
e
b
o
tt
o
m
p
la
t
es o
f
all
L
-
s
i
d
e
ca
p
ac
i
to
r
s
ar
e
ass
o
cia
te
d
w
it
h
c
er
tai
n
v
o
lt
a
g
e
V
x
an
d
u
t
ili
zi
n
g
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
d
i
v
is
i
o
n
p
r
i
n
c
ip
le
,
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
at
n
o
d
e
Q
ca
n
b
e
d
ete
r
m
i
n
e
d
as
f
o
ll
o
ws
:
V
Q
=
3
2
C
n
32C
+
C
c
+
C
p1
+
C
p2
+
C
B
.
V
X
(
7
)
T
h
e
ch
ar
g
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
to
n
o
d
e
P is
;
Q
=
(
C
B
+
C
p2
)
.
V
Q
=
(
C
B
+
C
p2
)
.
32C
32C
+
C
c
+
C
p1
+
C
B
+
C
p2
.
V
X
(
8
)
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
p
a
r
asit
ic
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
,
th
e
to
tal
weig
h
t C
total
o
f
th
e
L
-
s
id
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
an
d
C
B
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as;
C
t
o
t
al
=
(
C
B
+
C
p2
)
.
3
2
C
n
32C
+
C
c
+
C
p1
+
C
B
+
C
p2
(
9
)
V
b
i
a
s
C
l
k
C
O
u
t
P
O
u
t
N
C
p
=
2
1
7
a
F
C
p
=
2
1
7
a
F
V
+
V
-
M
7
M
1
M
2
M
1
2
M
8
M
9
M
3
M
4
M
5
M
6
M
1
0
M
1
1
M
8
3
.
6
8
u
m
3
.
8
u
m
C
l
k
C
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il 2
0
2
1
:
5
4
7
-
555
552
T
h
e
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
ca
p
ac
ito
r
C
c
will
p
r
o
b
ab
ly
b
e
m
itig
ated
u
n
til
C
total
is
eq
u
al
to
th
e
u
n
it
ca
p
ac
ito
r
C
n
an
d
f
o
r
th
at
R
ea
s
o
n
,
th
e
L
-
s
id
e
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
r
an
g
e
h
as
th
e
r
ig
h
t
wei
g
h
t
o
v
er
th
e
c
h
ar
g
e
r
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
T
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
o
f
C
c
is
s
im
p
ly
ca
l
cu
lated
as;
C
c
=
31
(
C
B
+
C
p2
)
−
32C
n
−
C
p1
(
1
0
)
I
n
th
is
d
esig
n
,
th
e
C
B
an
d
C
c
v
alu
es
ar
e
ch
o
s
en
as
3
2
.
5
fF
an
d
2
.
5
f
F
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
A
p
p
ly
in
g
th
ese
ex
ac
t
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
esti
m
atio
n
s
o
f
b
o
th
C
B
an
d
C
C
,
m
i
s
m
atch
es
an
d
p
ar
asit
ic
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
e
f
f
ec
ts
to
lin
ea
r
ity
m
alf
u
n
ctio
n
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
m
ig
h
t b
e
well
co
n
tr
o
lled
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
Ar
ch
itectu
r
e
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
DAC with
ca
lib
r
atio
n
2
.
5
.
SAR
a
nd
it
s
co
ntr
o
l lo
g
i
c
T
h
e
SAR
p
lay
s
a
k
ey
r
o
le
i
n
g
en
er
atin
g
cl
o
ck
s
ig
n
als.
T
h
e
s
e
clo
ck
s
ig
n
als
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
te
d
to
clk
i
o
f
DAC
co
n
tr
o
l
lo
g
ic
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
d
y
n
am
ic
co
m
p
ar
ato
r
o
u
t
p
u
ts
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
te
d
to
th
e
NAND
g
a
te
to
g
en
er
ate
v
alid
s
ig
n
al.
T
h
e
s
am
p
lin
g
clo
ck
s
i
g
n
al
ac
ts
as
a
clo
c
k
to
th
e
r
e
g
is
ter
.
T
h
e
s
ch
e
m
atic
o
f
SAR
an
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
lo
g
ic
is
d
is
p
lay
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
an
d
F
ig
u
r
e
8
.
T
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
last
f
lip
-
f
lo
p
o
f
th
is
r
e
g
is
ter
,
a
v
alid
s
ig
n
al
f
r
o
m
co
m
p
ar
ato
r
,
an
d
s
am
p
lin
g
clo
ck
s
ig
n
als
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
an
OR
g
ate,
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
e
C
lk
C
s
ig
n
al.
T
h
is
C
lk
C
s
ig
n
al
ac
ts
as
a
co
n
tr
o
l
to
th
e
d
y
n
am
ic
latch
co
m
p
a
r
ato
r
.
T
h
e
DAC
co
n
tr
o
l
lo
g
ic
c
o
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
f
lip
f
lo
p
,
AND
g
ate,
b
u
f
f
er
,
a
n
d
i
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
clo
ck
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
iv
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
r
eg
is
ter
ac
t a
s
s
a
m
p
lin
g
clo
c
k
s
to
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
lo
g
ic.
T
h
ese
clo
c
k
s
s
am
p
le
th
e
c
o
m
p
ar
at
o
r
o
u
tp
u
t
ei
th
er
(
o
u
t
p
o
r
o
u
t
n
)
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
o
u
tp
u
t
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
lo
g
ic.
I
n
ca
s
e
th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
s
ig
n
al
o
f
th
is
co
m
p
ar
ato
r
is
h
ig
h
,
th
en
th
e
o
u
tco
m
e
s
ig
n
al
o
f
th
e
AND
g
ate
is
h
ig
h
an
d
will
p
r
o
b
a
b
ly
b
e
attac
h
ed
as
in
p
u
t
in
to
th
e
in
v
er
te
r
.
I
f
t
h
e
AND
g
ate
o
u
t
p
u
t
is
at
lo
g
i
c
h
ig
h
,
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
v
o
ltag
e
will
ap
p
ea
r
as
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
to
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
lo
g
ic.
I
f
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
AND
g
ate
is
lo
w,
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
o
ltag
e
will
ap
p
ea
r
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t.
T
h
e
d
elay
b
u
f
f
er
is
u
s
ed
to
tr
ig
g
er
th
e
C
lk
i
s
ig
n
al
at
th
e
in
p
u
t
o
f
th
e
AND
g
ate
af
ter
f
lip
f
lo
p
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
s
ch
em
atic
o
f
SAR
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
T
h
e
s
ch
em
atic
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l lo
g
ic
3.
E
XP
E
R
I
M
E
N
T
A
L
RE
SUL
T
S AN
D
D
I
SC
USS
I
O
N
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
o
o
ts
tr
ap
s
witch
u
s
ed
in
f
u
ll
d
if
f
er
en
tial
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
g
iv
es
im
p
r
o
v
ed
lin
ea
r
ity
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
s
h
o
ws
th
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
b
o
o
ts
tr
ap
cir
c
u
it
with
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
o
o
ts
tr
ap
.
Nea
r
ly
3
5
%
o
f
t
h
e
lin
ea
r
ity
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
.
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
r
an
g
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
SAR
-
ADC
is
1
.
1
V
p
ea
k
to
p
ea
k
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
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h
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lin
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Fro
m
th
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p
u
t a
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lin
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e
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ap
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licatio
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iter
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i.e
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Fig
u
r
e
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s
h
o
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e
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1
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t
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e
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6
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(
dB
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T
h
e
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ig
n
al
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n
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is
e
r
atio
(
SNR
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an
d
th
e
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o
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N
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esp
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ab
l
e
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en
u
m
er
ates
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e
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n
ctio
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g
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ar
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ete
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o
f
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e
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w
ith
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ef
er
en
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e
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er
s
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er
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m
an
c
e
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ar
am
eter
is
f
ig
u
r
e
o
f
Me
r
it
[
2
2
,
2
3
]
an
d
it c
an
b
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
as
;
F
oM
=
Po
w
e
r
2
E
N
O
B
∗
f
s
(
1
1
)
I
n
th
e
ab
o
v
e
e
q
u
atio
n
E
NOB
i
s
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
its
an
d
f
s
is
th
e
s
am
p
lin
g
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
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As
th
e
s
am
p
lin
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
in
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s
es
th
e
Fo
M
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ec
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d
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ip
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C
o
m
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ce
[
23
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25
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th
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ADC
Fo
M
ac
h
iev
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etter
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d
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lin
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ate.
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h
is
is
d
u
e
to
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e
l
o
w
p
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wer
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n
s
u
m
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n
o
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th
e
p
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o
p
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ed
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ADC.
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h
e
p
o
wer
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
o
f
s
in
g
le
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en
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2
7
7
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I
t
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ed
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at
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n
s
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m
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tio
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th
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ed
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2
2
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3
n
W
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ich
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er
y
m
u
ch
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m
p
ar
ed
to
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e
o
t
h
er
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r
k
s
r
ep
o
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ted
(
T
ab
le
1
)
.
en
ce
,
t
h
is
cir
cu
it
is
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
W
I
S
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
lin
ea
r
ity
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
o
f
b
o
o
ts
tr
ap
an
d
p
r
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p
o
s
ed
b
o
o
ts
tr
ap
d
esig
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
Po
wer
s
p
ec
tr
al
d
en
s
ity
o
f
SAR
ADC
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
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NI
KA
T
elec
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m
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l
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l.
19
,
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.
2
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Ap
r
il 2
0
2
1
:
5
4
7
-
555
554
T
ab
le
1
.
Per
f
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m
an
ce
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r
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ed
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s
P
a
r
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me
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e
r
TC
A
S
.
I
I
2
0
1
6
[
2
3
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A
S
S
C
’
2
0
1
5
[
2
4
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M
J.
ELSV
I
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2
0
1
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[
2
5
]
P
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o
p
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se
d
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y
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1
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e
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l
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t
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r
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0
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3
n
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±
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2
EN
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1
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1
1
1
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1
3
.
1
5
S
F
D
R
(
d
B
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-
-
4
0
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3
5
8
.
6
2
Nea
r
ly
,
8
7
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3
%
o
f
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
with
th
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
Sp
lit
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
DAC
wi
th
ca
lib
r
atio
n
.
T
h
e
E
No
B
o
b
tain
e
d
is
9
.
38
b
its
as
ag
ain
s
t
1
0
b
its
.
A
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
is
also
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
th
e
v
alu
es
o
f
SF
DR
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
p
o
wer
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
at
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
s
am
p
lin
g
f
r
e
q
u
en
cies o
f
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
SAR
ADC is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
T
h
e
b
r
id
g
e
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
v
alu
e
is
tak
en
as
3
2
.
5
f
F t
o
r
e
d
u
ce
t
h
e
DAC
m
is
m
atch
.
T
h
e
to
tal
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
o
f
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
SAR
ADC
is
5
1
2
C
an
d
th
e
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
SAR
AD
C
with
C
alib
r
atio
n
is
4
7
.
5
C.
T
h
e
Sp
u
r
i
o
u
s
Fre
e
Dis
to
r
tio
n
R
atio
(
SF
DR
)
at
2
0
0
k
S
/s
is
-
5
8
.
6
2
d
B
.
T
h
e
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
s
h
o
ws
t
h
at
n
ea
r
ly
4
d
B
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t a
t
d
if
f
er
en
t
Sam
p
lin
g
f
r
eq
u
en
cies.
T
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
d
ig
ital
to
an
alo
g
co
n
v
er
te
r
th
e
ca
lib
r
atio
n
ca
p
ac
ito
r
ca
n
b
e
tr
im
m
ed
in
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
o
r
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
to
d
if
f
er
en
t c
alib
r
atio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
with
an
d
with
o
u
t c
alib
r
atio
n
o
f
SAR
-
ADC
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
SF
DR
at
d
if
f
er
en
t
Sam
p
lin
g
f
r
e
q
u
en
cies w
ith
an
d
with
o
u
t c
alib
r
atio
n
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
is
r
esear
ch
p
ap
er
,
a
h
ig
h
lin
ea
r
,
lo
w
p
o
wer
,
SAR
-
ADC
f
o
r
th
e
wir
eless
im
p
lan
tab
le
s
y
s
tem
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
T
h
is
SAR
AD
C
is
d
esig
n
ed
with
a
clo
ck
b
o
o
s
ter
,
th
e
b
o
o
ts
tr
ap
cir
cu
it
with
a
d
u
m
m
y
s
witch
,
s
p
lit ca
p
ac
itan
ce
DAC
with
ca
lib
r
atio
n
,
d
y
n
am
ic
latch
c
o
m
p
ar
ato
r
with
r
ed
u
ce
d
m
is
m
atch
,
an
d
o
f
f
s
et
v
o
ltag
e.
An
d
th
e
o
th
er
b
l
o
ck
s
ar
e
s
u
cc
e
s
s
iv
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
r
e
g
is
ter
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
lo
g
ic
.
L
o
w
p
o
wer
is
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
ed
with
all
th
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
s
p
lit
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
DAC
ar
r
ay
.
Nea
r
ly
8
7
%
o
f
p
o
wer
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
.
T
h
e
d
elay
o
f
th
e
S
AR
AD
C
is
1
1
.
7
1
8
µSec
.
Hig
h
lin
ea
r
ity
is
ac
h
iev
e
d
with
t
h
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
a
clo
ck
b
o
o
s
ter
,
b
o
o
t
s
tr
ap
with
d
u
m
m
y
s
witch
in
a
f
u
ll
d
if
f
er
en
tial
m
an
n
er
.
Op
er
atin
g
at
1
.
1
V
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
2
0
0
k
S/s
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ADC
attain
s
SF
DR
o
f
5
8
.
6
2
(
d
B
)
,
at
9
.
3
8
(
b
its
)
o
f
a
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
its
.
T
h
is
d
esig
n
ac
h
ie
v
es
with
th
e
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
less
th
an
0
.
5
µW an
d
Fo
M
o
f
3
.
1
2
f
J
/co
n
v
-
s
tep
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
A.
M.
Ab
o
,
“
De
sig
n
fo
r
Re
li
a
b
i
li
ty
o
f
L
o
w
v
o
lt
a
g
e
S
wi
tch
e
d
c
a
p
a
c
it
o
r
Circ
u
it
s,
”
P
h
.
D.
T
h
e
sis
,
Un
i
v
e
rsity
o
f
Ca
li
fo
rn
ia,
Be
r
k
e
ly
,
1
9
9
9
.
[2
]
R
.
K
.
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lep
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t
.
al
.
,
“
An
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e
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t
p
h
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se
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ly
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se
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wa
v
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riza
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n
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e
to
m
o
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ra
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h
y
sy
ste
m
s
,
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L
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r P
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s L
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,
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o
l.
12
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o
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2
0
1
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.
[3
]
Ra
tee
sh
Ku
m
a
r
M
e
lep
p
a
t
e
t.
a
l.
,
“
Qu
a
n
ti
tativ
e
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p
ti
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a
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n
c
e
m
icro
sc
o
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fo
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in
situ
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stig
a
ti
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o
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e
b
io
fil
m
,
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o
u
rn
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l
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me
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ica
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.
[4
]
K
.
M
.
Ra
tee
sh
,
e
t.
al
.
,
“
S
p
e
c
tral
p
h
a
se
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b
a
se
d
a
u
to
m
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ti
c
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li
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ra
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l
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o
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e
re
n
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e
to
m
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g
ra
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h
y
sy
ste
m
s
,
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Ph
y
sic
s in
M
e
d
icin
e
&
Bi
o
l
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y
,
v
o
l
.
6
1
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.
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1
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.
[5
]
S
il
p
a
Ke
sa
v
Ve
lag
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leti,
K.
S
.
Na
y
a
n
a
th
a
ra
,
B.
K.M
a
d
h
a
v
i,
“
A
S
a
m
p
le
a
n
d
Ho
ld
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c
k
b
o
o
st
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r
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r
imp
ro
v
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li
n
e
a
rit
y
,
”
6
t
h
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
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n
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o
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S
ig
n
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l
Pro
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g
a
n
d
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n
teg
ra
te
d
Ne
two
rk
s
(S
P
IN),
2
0
1
9
,
p
p
.
1
0
5
8
-
1
0
6
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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555
[6
]
S
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Ve
lag
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leti,
Na
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ra
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K.
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ter
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[7
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h
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n
i
,
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,
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[8
]
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l.
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.
[9
]
P
ra
k
a
sh
Ha
ri
Ku
m
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r
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l.
,
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0
]
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n
g
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h
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n
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l.
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n
,
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E
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o
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p
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1
]
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e
n
Lai
,
et
a
l
.
,
“
A
1
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b
2
0
0
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S
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AR
AD
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with
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o
v
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l
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p
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r
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witch
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n
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re
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n
d
Dig
it
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l
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c
k
g
ro
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d
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li
b
ra
ti
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n
,
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In
ter
n
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ti
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l
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8
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3
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t.
2
0
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.
[1
2
]
Ch
risti
a
n
Je
su
s
B.
F
a
y
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i
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M
o
h
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m
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d
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n
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d
G
o
rd
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W.
Ro
b
e
rts
,
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w
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a
g
e
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a
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witch
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e
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u
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,
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ra
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sa
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me
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ter
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p
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0
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.
[1
3
]
M
a
sa
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a
M
iy
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h
a
ra
,
et
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l.
,
“
A
L
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w
–
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e
t
Latc
h
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d
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m
p
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tatic
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n
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m
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Offs
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t
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n
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iq
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,
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it
s C
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n
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e
,
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S
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[1
4
]
He
u
n
g
J
u
n
Je
o
n
,
Yo
n
g
-
B
in
Kim
,
M
in
sh
u
Ch
o
i,
“
Offs
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t
Vo
l
tag
e
An
a
ly
sis
o
f
D
y
n
a
m
ic
Latc
h
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d
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o
m
p
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ra
to
r
,
”
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In
ter
n
a
t
io
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l
M
i
d
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st sy
mp
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o
n
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irc
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n
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sy
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ms
(M
W
S
CA
S
),
Au
g
u
st
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
5
]
V.
S
il
p
a
Ke
sa
v
,
K.
S.
Na
y
a
n
a
t
h
a
ra
,
B.
K.
M
a
d
h
a
v
i
,
“
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L
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w
Offs
e
t
Lo
w
P
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we
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a
m
ic
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p
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ra
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R
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DC
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sin
g
4
5
n
m
C
M
OS
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h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
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ter
n
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ti
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a
l
J
o
u
rn
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l
o
f
El
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c
tro
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E
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g
in
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l.
1
0
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no
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2
,
p
p
.
7
5
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-
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0
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2
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[1
6
]
Li
n
De
n
g
,
Ch
a
o
Ya
n
g
,
M
e
n
g
li
a
n
Zh
a
o
,
Ya
n
g
Li
u
,
Xia
o
b
o
Wu
,
“
A
1
2
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b
it
2
0
0
KS/
s
S
AR
AD
C
wit
h
a
M
ix
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witch
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g
S
c
h
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m
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d
In
teg
e
r
–
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se
d
S
p
li
t
Ca
p
a
c
it
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r
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y
,
”
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Ne
w
Circ
u
it
s
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n
d
S
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ste
ms
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o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
7
]
Ch
e
n
Lai,
M
e
n
g
li
a
n
Zh
a
o
,
Ha
n
y
a
n
g
S
u
a
n
d
Xia
o
b
o
W
u
,
“
A
1
2
b
2
0
0
KS/
s
S
AR
AD
C
wi
th
N
o
v
e
l
Ca
p
a
c
it
o
r
S
witch
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n
g
P
ro
c
e
d
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re
a
n
d
Dig
i
tal
Ba
c
k
g
ro
u
n
d
Ca
li
b
ra
ti
o
n
,
”
1
2
t
h
I
EE
E
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
fer
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e
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d
In
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irc
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h
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o
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g
y
,
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u
il
in
,
Ch
i
n
a
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
8
]
YMA
-
AI
-
Na
a
m
a
n
i
,
et
al
.,
“
A
S
u
c
c
e
ss
iv
e
Ap
p
ro
x
ima
t
io
n
Re
g
ist
e
r
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a
lo
g
to
Di
g
it
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l
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n
v
e
rter
fo
r
L
o
w
P
o
we
r
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
m
p
u
t
a
ti
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
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h
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re
ti
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a
l
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n
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ie
n
c
e
,
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o
l.
17
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
4
5
1
-
4
5
5
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
9
]
Je
n
-
Hu
a
n
Tsa
i
,
et
al
.
,
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A
1
-
V
–
0
.
6
-
V
9
-
b
1
.
5
-
M
S
/s
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re
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e
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fre
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h
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rg
e
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sh
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rin
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S
AR
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C
f
o
r
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re
les
s
-
p
o
we
re
d
imp
lan
tab
le
tele
m
e
try
,
”
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Circ
u
it
s
a
n
d
S
y
ste
m
s
II:
Ex
p
re
ss
Briefs
,
v
o
l.
61
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o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
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2
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9
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0
1
4
.
[2
0
]
An
,
S
h
e
n
g
-
Biao
,
et
a
l.
,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
Lo
w
P
o
we
r
a
n
d
Hig
h
P
re
c
isio
n
S
u
c
c
e
ss
iv
e
Ap
p
ro
x
ima
ti
o
n
Re
g
ister
An
a
lo
g
-
to
-
Dig
it
a
l
C
o
n
v
e
rter
(S
AR
-
AD
C)
Ba
se
d
o
n
P
iec
e
wise
Ca
p
a
c
it
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
Ca
li
b
ra
ti
o
n
Tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Na
n
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