T
E
L
K
O
M
N
I
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
un
ica
t
io
n,
Co
m
pu
t
ing
,
E
lect
ro
nics
a
nd
Co
ntr
o
l
Vo
l.
1
8
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
0
,
p
p
.
174
~
178
I
SS
N:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
,
ac
cr
ed
ited
First Gr
ad
e
b
y
Kem
en
r
is
tek
d
i
k
ti,
Dec
r
ee
No
: 2
1
/E/KPT
/2
0
1
8
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
2
9
2
8
/TE
L
KOM
NI
K
A.
v
1
8
i
1
.
13
71
4
174
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//jo
u
r
n
a
l.u
a
d
.
a
c.
id
/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/TELK
OM
N
I
K
A
Influence
of Ba
[
M
g
2
Al
2
N4
]Eu
2
+
pho
spho
r particle s
ize on
o
ptical pro
pert
ies
of t
he
60
0
0
K
CP
W
-
LE
Ds
P
hu
T
ra
n T
in
1
,
Duy
H
un
g
H
a
2
,
T
ra
n T
ha
nh
T
ra
ng
3
,
Q
.
S.
Vu
4
1
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
In
d
u
strial
U
n
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Ho
C
h
i
M
i
n
h
Cit
y
,
Ho
C
h
i
M
in
h
Cit
y
,
Vie
tn
a
m
2
Wi
re
les
s Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s Re
se
a
rc
h
G
ro
u
p
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
E
lec
tro
n
ics
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
To
n
D
u
c
Th
a
n
g
U
n
iv
e
rsit
y
,
H
o
C
h
i
M
i
n
h
Cit
y
,
Vie
tn
a
m
3
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
Ke
y
La
b
o
ra
t
o
ry
o
f
Di
g
i
tal
Co
n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
S
y
ste
m
En
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
,
H
o
C
h
i
M
i
n
h
Cit
y
,
Vie
tn
a
m
4
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Au
t
o
m
a
ti
o
n
,
H
o
n
g
b
a
n
g
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
Ho
C
h
i
M
in
h
Cit
y
,
Vi
e
tn
a
m
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
J
u
l 2
4
,
2
0
1
9
R
ev
is
ed
Au
g
1
0
,
2
0
1
9
Acc
ep
ted
Oct
2
2
,
2
0
1
9
In
th
is
p
a
p
e
r,
we
c
o
n
sid
e
r
t
h
e
re
d
p
h
o
sp
h
o
r
Ba
[M
g
2
Al
2
N
4
]Eu
2+
a
s
th
e
n
o
v
e
l
re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
im
p
ro
v
in
g
t
h
e
o
p
ti
c
a
l
p
ro
p
e
rti
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
6
0
0
0
K
c
o
n
fo
rm
a
l
p
a
c
k
a
g
in
g
W
LE
Ds
(C
P
W
-
LE
Ds
).
F
o
r
t
h
is p
u
r
p
o
se
,
we
in
v
e
stig
a
te
th
e
i
n
flu
e
n
c
e
o
f
th
e
Ba
[M
g
2
Al
2
N
4
]Eu
2+
p
a
rti
c
le
siz
e
o
n
th
e
o
p
ti
c
a
l
p
r
o
p
e
rti
e
s
in
term
s
o
f
CC
T,
CQS,
CRI,
a
n
d
L
O
u
sin
g
t
h
e
Li
g
h
t
To
o
ls
a
n
d
M
a
t
Lab
so
ftwa
re
.
F
ro
m
th
e
re
se
a
rc
h
re
su
lt
s,
it
c
a
n
b
e
o
b
se
rv
e
d
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
o
p
ti
c
a
l
p
ro
p
e
rti
e
s
o
f
th
e
6
0
0
0
K
CP
W
-
L
EDs
a
re
sig
n
if
ica
n
tl
y
i
n
flu
e
n
c
e
d
b
y
th
e
siz
e
o
f
th
e
Ba
[M
g
2
Al
2
N4
]
Eu
2+
p
a
rt
icle
.
Th
e
CRI
a
n
d
CQS
in
c
re
a
se
fro
m
6
5
to
6
7
a
n
d
6
4
t
o
6
8
wh
i
le
t
h
e
siz
e
o
f
t
h
e
Ba
[M
g
2
Al
2
N
4
]Eu
2+
p
a
rti
c
le
v
a
ries
fro
m
1
μm
to
1
0
μm
,
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
.
T
h
is
re
se
a
rc
h
c
a
n
p
ro
v
id
e
a
n
o
v
e
l
re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
LE
Ds
i
n
d
u
st
ry
a
t
t
h
is t
ime
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
P
W
-
LE
Ds
C
QS
CRI
Op
tical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
R
ed
-
E
m
itti
n
g
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Du
y
Hu
n
g
Ha
,
W
ir
eles
s
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
R
esear
ch
Gr
o
u
p
,
Facu
lty
o
f
E
lectr
ical
an
d
E
lectr
o
n
ics E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
T
o
n
Du
c
T
h
an
g
U
n
iv
er
s
ity
,
H
o
C
h
i M
in
h
C
ity
,
Vietn
am
.
E
m
ail:
h
ad
u
y
h
u
n
g
@
td
tu
.
ed
u
.
v
n
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
W
ith
th
e
ex
ce
llen
t
ch
ar
ac
te
r
s
s
u
ch
as
life
tim
e,
ef
f
icien
cy
,
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
th
e
lig
h
t
-
e
m
itti
n
g
d
io
d
es
(
L
E
Ds)
is
th
e
m
ai
n
lig
h
tin
g
g
en
er
atio
n
in
o
u
r
tim
e
in
th
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
with
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
lig
h
tin
g
m
eth
o
d
s
with
th
e
h
u
g
e
d
is
ad
v
a
n
tag
es
d
u
e
to
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
e
n
er
g
y
lo
s
s
es
b
ased
o
n
h
ig
h
tem
p
er
at
u
r
es
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
m
ass
iv
e
Sto
k
es
s
h
if
ts
[
1
-
1
0
]
.
I
n
th
e
L
E
Ds
in
d
u
s
tr
y
,
th
e
wh
ite
lig
h
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
L
E
Ds
ca
n
b
e
co
n
d
u
cted
in
th
r
ee
way
s
.
Firstl
y
,
th
e
wh
ite
l
ig
h
t
is
g
en
er
ated
b
y
m
ix
in
g
b
l
u
e
,
g
r
ee
n
,
an
d
r
ed
co
lo
r
s
L
E
D
s
.
I
n
a
s
ec
o
n
d
way
,
th
e
wh
ite
lig
h
t
ca
n
b
e
co
n
d
u
c
ted
b
y
ad
d
in
g
th
e
b
lu
e,
g
r
ee
n
,
an
d
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
in
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
la
y
er
L
E
Ds.
T
h
e
last
way
,
th
e
wh
ite
lig
h
t
ca
n
b
e
g
en
er
ated
b
y
co
m
b
in
in
g
u
ltra
v
io
let
(
UV)
L
E
Ds
with
b
lu
e,
g
r
ee
n
,
an
d
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
[
1
1
-
2
0
]
.
C
o
m
m
o
n
l
y
,
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
way
is
th
e
b
est
way
to
co
n
d
u
ct
th
e
wh
ite
L
E
Ds
in
th
e
civ
il
an
d
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
ar
ea
s
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
th
e
r
e
d
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
B
a[
Mg
2
Al
2
N4
]
E
u
2+
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
th
e
m
o
d
e
r
n
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
o
p
tical
p
r
o
p
er
ti
es
o
f
th
e
6
0
0
0
K
c
o
n
f
o
r
m
al
p
a
ck
ag
in
g
W
L
E
Ds
(
C
PW
-
L
E
Ds
)
.
Fo
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
th
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
B
a[
Mg
2
Al
2
N4
]
E
u
2+
s
ize
o
n
th
e
o
p
tical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
C
C
T
,
C
QS,
C
R
I
an
d
L
O
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
an
d
i
n
v
esti
g
ated
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
L
ig
h
t
T
o
o
ls
an
d
Ma
t
L
ab
s
o
f
twar
e.
Fro
m
th
e
r
esear
c
h
r
esu
lts
,
we
ca
n
s
ee
th
at
th
e
o
p
tical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
th
e
6
0
0
0
K
C
PW
-
L
E
Ds
is
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
th
e
s
ize
o
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
I
n
flu
en
ce
o
f
B
a
[
Mg
2
Al
2
N
4
]
E
u
2+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
p
a
r
ticle
s
i
z
e
o
n
o
p
tica
l p
r
o
p
erti
es
…
(
P
h
u
Tr
a
n
Tin
)
175
th
e
B
a[
Mg
2
Al
2
N4
]
E
u
2+
p
ar
ticle.
T
h
e
C
R
I
an
d
C
QS
in
cr
ea
s
e
f
r
o
m
6
5
to
6
7
an
d
6
4
to
6
8
wh
ile
th
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
B
a[
Mg
2
Al
2
N4
]
E
u
2+
p
ar
ticle
v
ar
ies
f
r
o
m
1
μ
m
to
1
0
μ
m
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
Her
e
ar
e
th
e
m
ain
p
o
in
t
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
:
-
L
ig
h
t T
o
o
ls
co
n
d
u
ct
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
6
0
0
0
K
C
PW
-
L
E
Ds.
-
T
h
e
s
ca
tter
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es o
f
C
P
W
-
L
E
Ds p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
la
y
er
is
in
v
esti
g
ated
b
y
Ma
t L
a
b
.
-
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
t
h
e
B
a[
M
g
2
Al
2
N4
]
E
u
2+
s
ize
o
n
th
e
D
-
C
C
T
,
C
R
I
,
C
QS,
an
d
L
O
ar
e
in
v
esti
g
ated
an
d
co
n
v
in
ce
d
.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
o
u
r
p
ap
er
ca
n
b
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
ec
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
m
o
d
el,
s
ca
tter
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
o
f
th
e
6
0
0
0
K
C
PW
-
L
E
Ds.
T
h
e
th
ir
d
s
ec
tio
n
g
i
v
es
r
esu
lts
an
d
s
o
m
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
last
s
ec
tio
n
co
n
clu
d
es th
is
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
t.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
T
he
CP
W
-
L
E
D
s
ph
y
s
ica
l m
o
del
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
th
e
r
ea
l
W
L
E
Ds
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
a
)
.
As
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
es
[
1
3
-
1
5
]
th
e
6
6
0
0
K
C
P
W
-
L
E
Ds is
s
im
u
lated
b
y
L
i
g
h
t T
o
o
l so
f
twar
e
with
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
p
a
r
am
eter
s
as:
-
W
e
s
et
th
e
d
ep
th
as 2
.
0
7
m
m
,
th
e
in
n
er
an
d
o
u
ter
r
ad
iu
s
o
f
th
e
r
ef
lecto
r
as 8
m
m
an
d
9
.
8
5
m
m
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
-
L
E
D
ch
ip
s
ar
e
co
v
er
e
d
wit
h
a
f
ix
ed
th
ick
n
ess
o
f
0
.
0
8
m
m
an
d
2
.
0
7
m
m
.
E
ac
h
b
lu
e
ch
ip
h
as
a
d
im
en
s
io
n
o
f
1
.
1
4
m
m
b
y
0
.
1
5
m
m
,
th
e
r
a
d
ian
t f
lu
x
o
f
1
.
1
6
W
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
[
1
5
-
1
9
]
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
(
a
)
T
h
e
r
ea
l WLE
Ds,
(
b
)
T
h
e
p
h
y
s
ical
m
o
d
el
2
.
2
.
T
he
s
ca
t
t
er
ing
pro
ce
s
s
e
s
in t
he
ph
o
s
p
ho
r
co
m
po
un
din
g
Fo
r
in
v
esti
g
atin
g
th
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
f
th
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
B
a[
Mg
2
Al
2
N4
]
E
u
2+
p
ar
ticle
o
n
th
e
o
p
tical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
th
e
6
0
0
0
K
C
PW
-
L
E
Ds,
th
e
s
ca
tter
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
in
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
er
o
f
th
e
C
P
W
-
L
E
Ds
i
s
f
o
r
m
u
lated
b
y
u
s
in
g
Mie
T
h
eo
r
y
as in
[
2
0
-
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
s
ca
tter
in
g
c
o
ef
f
icien
t is
f
o
r
m
u
lated
as
;
(
)
(
)
(
,
)
s
c
a
s
c
a
N
r
C
r
d
r
=
(
1
)
th
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
s
ca
tter
in
g
co
e
f
f
ici
en
t is d
ef
in
ed
as
;
1
1
(
)
2
(
,
,
)
(
)
c
o
s
c
o
s
g
p
r
f
r
d
d
r
−
=
(
2
)
T
h
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
th
e
B
a[
Mg
2
Al
2
N4
]
E
u
2+
p
ar
ticle
s
ize
o
n
th
e
s
ca
tter
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
in
g
is
in
v
esti
g
atin
g
u
s
in
g
Ma
t
h
L
ab
s
o
f
twar
e.
As s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
th
e
s
ca
tter
in
g
co
ef
f
icien
t
(
SC
)
in
cr
ea
s
es
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
wh
ile
t
h
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
B
a[
Mg
2
Al
2
N4
]
E
u
2+
p
ar
ticle
v
a
r
ies
f
r
o
m
1
μ
m
to
1
0
μ
m
.
W
e
ca
n
s
ee
th
a
t
th
e
SC
with
wav
elen
g
th
5
5
5
n
m
is
th
e
h
ig
h
est
v
alu
es,
an
d
with
wav
elen
g
th
6
8
0
n
m
is
th
e
lo
west
v
alu
es.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
t
h
e
ef
f
e
ct
o
f
th
e
B
a[
Mg
2
Al
2
N4
]
E
u
2+
p
ar
ticle
s
ize
o
n
th
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
s
ca
tter
in
g
co
ef
f
icien
t
(
R
SC
)
is
p
lo
tted
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
with
v
ar
y
in
g
th
e
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
ize
f
r
o
m
1
μ
m
t
o
1
0
μ
m
.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
th
e
R
SC
with
th
e
wav
elen
g
t
h
s
4
5
3
,
5
5
5
,
6
8
0
n
m
h
av
e
th
e
s
am
e
m
ass
iv
e
in
c
r
ea
s
e
i
n
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
with
th
e
r
is
in
g
o
f
th
e
B
a[
Mg
2
Al
2
N4
]
E
u
2+
s
ize
f
r
o
m
1
μ
m
to
1
0
μ
m
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
th
at
th
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
B
a[
M
g
2
Al
2
N4
]
E
u
2+
p
ar
ticle
h
as a
m
ass
iv
e
im
p
ac
t o
n
th
e
SC
in
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
er
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
1
8
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
0
:
1
7
4
-
1
7
8
176
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Scatter
in
g
co
ef
f
icien
t (
SC
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
R
ed
u
ce
d
s
ca
tter
in
g
c
o
ef
f
icien
t (
R
SC
)
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
th
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
f
th
e
B
a[
Mg
2
Al
2
N4
]
E
u
2+
p
ar
ticle
s
ize
o
n
th
e
o
p
tical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
in
ter
m
s
o
f
D
-
C
C
T
,
C
R
I
,
C
Q
S
an
d
L
O
is
in
v
esti
g
ated
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
L
ig
h
t
T
o
o
l
s
o
f
twar
e.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
t
h
e
D
-
C
C
T
h
as
a
s
lig
h
t
in
cr
ea
s
e
w
h
en
we
v
ar
y
th
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
B
a[
Mg
2
Al
2
N4
]
E
u
2+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
f
r
o
m
1
μ
m
to
1
0
μ
m
.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
th
e
D
-
C
C
T
in
cr
ea
s
e
f
r
o
m
1
2
0
0
K
to
1
5
0
0
K
with
r
is
in
g
th
e
B
a[
Mg
2
Al
2
N4
]
E
u
2+
s
ize.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
th
e
B
a[
Mg
2
Al
2
N4
]
E
u
2+
s
i
ze
o
n
th
e
C
QS
is
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
W
e
ca
n
s
ee
th
at
C
QS
r
is
es
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ly
wh
ile
th
e
s
ize
o
f
B
a[
Mg
2
Al
2
N4
]
E
u
2+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
r
is
es
f
r
o
m
1
to
5
μ
m
,
t
h
e
n
k
ee
p
th
e
s
am
e
v
alu
es
wi
th
s
ize
f
r
o
m
6
to
1
0
μ
m
.
I
n
th
e
s
am
e
way
,
th
e
C
R
I
h
as
a
h
u
g
e
in
c
r
ea
s
e,
a
n
d
af
ter
t
h
at
h
as
a
s
lig
h
t
in
cr
e
ase
wh
en
th
e
s
ize
o
f
t
h
e
B
a[
Mg
2
Al
2
N4
]
E
u
2+
u
p
t
o
1
0
μ
m
as
p
lo
tted
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
L
O
v
e
r
s
u
s
th
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
B
a[
Mg
2
Al
2
N4
]
E
u
2+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
is
s
h
o
wed
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
L
O
h
as
a
h
u
g
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
an
d
t
h
en
k
ee
p
th
e
s
am
e
v
alu
es
af
ter
th
at.
Fro
m
th
e
r
esear
ch
r
esu
lts
,
it
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
th
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
B
a[
Mg
2
Al
2
N4
]
E
u
2+
p
ar
t
icle
h
as
a
h
u
g
e
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
o
p
tical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
th
e
6
0
0
0
K
C
PW
-
L
E
Ds.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
D
-
CCT
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
C
QS
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
C
R
I
Fig
u
r
e
7
. LO
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
I
n
flu
en
ce
o
f
B
a
[
Mg
2
Al
2
N
4
]
E
u
2+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
p
a
r
ticle
s
i
z
e
o
n
o
p
tica
l p
r
o
p
erti
es
…
(
P
h
u
Tr
a
n
Tin
)
177
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
is
p
a
p
er
,
th
e
r
e
d
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
B
a[
Mg
2
Al
2
N4
]
E
u
2+
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
th
e
n
o
v
el
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
o
p
tical
p
r
o
p
er
ti
es
o
f
th
e
6
0
0
0
K
c
o
n
f
o
r
m
al
p
a
ck
ag
in
g
W
L
E
Ds
(
C
PW
-
L
E
Ds
)
.
Fo
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
th
e
B
a[
Mg
2
Al
2
N4
]
E
u
2+
s
ize
o
n
th
e
o
p
tical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
in
ter
m
s
o
f
C
C
T
,
C
QS,
C
R
I
an
d
L
O
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
d
i
n
v
esti
g
ated
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
L
ig
h
t
T
o
o
ls
an
d
Ma
t
L
ab
s
o
f
twar
e.
Fro
m
th
e
r
esear
c
h
r
esu
lts
,
we
ca
n
s
ee
th
at
th
e
o
p
tical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
th
e
6
0
0
0
K
C
PW
-
L
E
Ds
is
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
th
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
B
a[
Mg
2
Al
2
N4
]
E
u
2+
p
ar
ticle.
T
h
e
C
R
I
an
d
C
QS
in
cr
ea
s
e
f
r
o
m
6
5
to
6
7
an
d
6
4
to
6
8
wh
ile
th
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
B
a[
Mg
2
Al
2
N4
]
E
u
2+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
p
a
r
ticle
v
ar
y
f
r
o
m
1
μ
m
to
1
0
μ
m
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
was su
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
Natio
n
al
Key
L
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
o
f
Dig
ital Co
n
tr
o
l a
n
d
Sy
s
tem
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
(
DC
SEL
AB
)
,
H
C
MU
T
,
VNU
-
HC
M.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
S
h
e
n
g
Li
u
,
Xia
o
b
i
n
g
Lu
o
,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
LE
D
P
a
c
k
a
g
i
n
g
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
L
ED
Pa
c
k
a
g
in
g
fo
r
L
ig
h
ti
n
g
Ap
p
li
c
a
t
io
n
s
,
pp.
2
1
5
–
3
1
5
,
J
u
ly
2
0
1
1
.
[2
]
G
ib
n
e
y
,
El
iza
b
e
t
h
.
2
0
1
4
.
“
No
b
e
l
fo
r
B
lu
e
L
ED
Th
a
t
Re
v
o
l
u
ti
o
n
ize
d
Li
g
h
t
in
g
,
”
Na
tu
re
,
v
o
l
.
5
1
4
,
n
o
.
7
5
2
1
,
pp.
1
5
2
–
1
5
3
,
9
Oc
to
b
e
r
2
0
1
4
.
[3
]
Wi
n
k
ler,
Ho
l
g
e
r,
Qu
a
n
g
Tri
n
h
,
P
e
ter
Bo
d
r
o
g
i,
a
n
d
Tra
n
Qu
o
c
Kh
a
n
h
,
“
LE
D
Li
g
h
ti
n
g
:
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
P
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
,
”
Wein
h
e
im: W
il
e
y
-
V
CH,
No
v
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
4
.
[4
]
Lu
o
,
Xia
o
b
in
g
,
Ru
n
Hu
,
S
h
e
n
g
L
iu
,
a
n
d
Ka
i
Wan
g
.
2
0
1
6
.
“
He
a
t
a
n
d
F
l
u
i
d
F
lo
w
in
Hi
g
h
-
P
o
we
r
LE
D
P
a
c
k
a
g
in
g
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
”
Pro
g
re
ss
in
E
n
e
rg
y
a
n
d
Co
mb
u
sti
o
n
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l.
5
6
,
p
p
.
1
–
3
2
,
S
e
p
tem
b
e
r
2
0
1
6
.
[5
]
Hu
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[6
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H.
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n
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1
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2
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3
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4
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5
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