T
E
L
KO
M
N
I
KA
T
e
lec
om
m
u
n
icat
ion
,
Com
p
u
t
i
n
g,
E
lec
t
r
on
ics
an
d
Cont
r
ol
Vol.
18
,
No.
3
,
J
une
2020
,
pp.
1561
~
1566
I
S
S
N:
1693
-
6930,
a
c
c
r
e
dit
e
d
F
ir
s
t
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r
a
de
by
Ke
me
nr
is
tekdikti
,
De
c
r
e
e
No:
21/E
/KP
T
/2018
DO
I
:
10.
12928/
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
.
v18i3.
13626
1561
Jou
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omepage
:
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tp:
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nal.
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.
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id/
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Gr
e
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2
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b
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d
r
e
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-
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Y
3
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5
O
12
:
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r
3+
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h
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h
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s
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2
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Facu
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R
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ul
18
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J
a
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19
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2020
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24
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2020
T
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2
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n
d
red
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p
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3
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5
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12
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CRI)
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m
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s
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cacy
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i
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fl
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en
ce
s
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f
g
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p
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p
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cat
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r,
t
h
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co
l
o
r
q
u
al
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t
y
i
n
d
ex
(CQ
S).
T
h
e
res
u
l
t
s
s
h
o
w
red
p
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3
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5
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12
:
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3+
en
ab
l
e
CRI
w
h
e
n
i
t
s
co
n
ce
n
t
ra
t
i
o
n
i
n
crea
s
es
w
h
i
l
e
g
r
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p
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p
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x
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i
b
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co
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ra
s
t
reac
t
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.
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ard
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CQ
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t
h
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t
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mal
red
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ar
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t
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ree
n
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p
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T
h
e
i
mp
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eme
n
t
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t
ap
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t
w
o
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s
b
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re
d
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l
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en
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h
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can
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p
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fact
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CRI,
CQ
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an
d
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mi
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o
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s
effi
c
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en
c
y
t
o
mo
re
t
h
a
n
4
0
%
.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
olor
qua
li
ty
L
umi
nous
f
lux
R
e
mot
e
phos
phor
pa
c
ka
ge
T
r
ipl
e
-
laye
r
s
tr
uc
tur
e
W
L
E
Ds
Th
i
s
i
s
a
n
o
p
en
a
c
ces
s
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
i
ce
n
s
e
.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
din
g
A
u
th
or
:
T
hinh
C
ong
T
r
a
n
,
F
a
c
ult
y
of
E
lec
tr
ica
l
a
nd
E
lec
tr
onics
E
nginee
r
ing,
T
on
Duc
T
ha
ng
Unive
r
s
it
y,
Ho
C
hi
M
inh
C
it
y,
Vie
tnam
E
mail:
t
r
a
nc
ongthi
nh
@tdt
u.
e
du.
vn
1.
I
NT
RODU
C
T
I
ON
T
he
moder
n
li
ghti
ng
s
olut
ion,
white
li
ght
-
e
mi
tt
ing
diodes
(
W
L
E
Ds
)
,
wi
th
many
r
e
mar
ka
ble
f
e
a
tur
e
s
be
ing
c
ompac
tnes
s
,
powe
r
e
f
f
icie
nc
y,
c
he
a
p
ma
nuf
a
c
tur
ing
c
os
t,
a
nd
c
olor
s
tabili
ty
,
a
r
e
r
e
c
e
ivi
ng
mor
e
a
tt
e
nti
on
a
nd
be
c
omi
ng
a
n
ir
r
e
plac
e
a
ble
li
ght
s
our
c
e
[
1
-
4]
.
T
he
white
li
ght
is
c
r
e
a
ted
f
r
om
mer
ging
t
he
c
olor
s
f
r
om
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
s
our
c
e
s
s
uc
h
a
s
blue
li
ght
that
dis
c
ha
r
ge
d
out
of
blue
c
hip
a
nd
the
n
blende
d
with
the
l
i
ght
f
r
om
the
ye
ll
ow
phos
phor
whic
h
gives
out
ye
ll
ow
l
igh
t
to
f
or
m
the
white
l
ight
[
5
]
.
W
L
E
Ds
a
r
e
a
pr
omi
s
ing
li
ght
s
our
c
e
in
s
oli
d
-
s
tate
li
ghti
ng,
howe
ve
r
,
their
inf
e
r
ior
lum
inous
f
lux
is
a
n
obs
tac
le
that
p
r
e
ve
nts
th
e
m
f
r
om
be
ing
wide
ly
us
e
d.
T
he
white
li
ght
is
us
ua
ll
y
th
e
pr
oduc
t
o
f
a
f
r
e
e
ly
dis
pe
r
s
e
d
c
oa
ti
ng
pr
oc
e
s
s
i
n
whic
h
a
mi
xtur
e
o
f
t
r
a
ns
pa
r
e
nt
e
nc
a
ps
ulate
d
r
e
s
in
a
nd
phos
phor
powde
r
a
r
e
s
pr
a
ye
d
dir
e
c
tl
y
onto
the
phos
phor
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
1561
-
1566
1562
pa
c
ka
ge
.
T
he
a
dva
ntage
s
of
thi
s
method
a
r
e
the
op
ti
mal
phos
phor
thi
c
kne
s
s
a
nd
mi
nim
a
l
pr
oduc
ing
e
xpe
ns
e
s
,
a
lt
hough
the
pr
oduc
ts
c
r
e
a
ted
c
a
nnot
mee
t
the
s
tanda
r
ds
of
high
-
qua
li
ty
W
L
E
Ds
[
6
-
9]
.
As
a
r
e
s
ult
,
the
c
onf
or
mal
c
oa
ti
ng
method
with
unif
o
r
ml
y
c
ol
or
dis
tr
ibut
ion
that
c
a
n
obtain
the
a
ngular
ho
mog
e
ne
it
y
of
c
or
r
e
late
d
c
olor
tempe
r
a
tur
e
(
C
C
T
)
is
e
mpl
oye
d
a
s
a
s
ub
s
ti
tut
e
[
10]
.
T
he
only
p
r
oblem
with
the
c
onf
or
mal
phos
phor
s
tr
uc
tur
e
is
the
da
mage
d
lum
inous
e
f
f
ici
e
nc
y
due
to
the
ba
c
ks
c
a
tt
e
r
ing
e
f
f
e
c
t.
M
a
ny
s
olut
ions
we
r
e
s
ugge
s
ted
in
pr
e
vious
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
to
li
mi
t
the
li
gh
t
los
s
s
uc
h
a
s
de
tac
h
the
c
hip
f
r
o
m
the
phos
phor
laye
r
of
the
r
e
mot
e
phos
p
hor
s
tr
uc
tur
e
[
11
-
13]
.
E
mpl
oyi
ng
the
int
e
r
na
l
r
e
fl
e
c
ti
on
s
tr
uc
tur
e
in
whic
h
a
polym
e
r
s
e
mi
s
phe
r
ica
l
lens
is
c
oa
ted
with
phos
phor
on
th
e
ins
ide
to
boos
t
int
e
r
na
l
li
ght
e
xtr
a
c
ti
on
[
14]
.
M
or
e
ove
r
,
e
mpt
y
c
a
vit
ies
a
r
e
put
on
the
s
tr
uc
tur
e
to
r
e
f
lec
t
li
ght
downw
a
r
d
a
nd
im
p
r
ove
lum
inous
e
f
f
icie
nc
y
[
15]
.
Although
the
pa
c
ka
ge
a
r
r
a
nge
ment
is
us
ua
ll
y
me
nti
one
d
a
s
the
main
f
a
c
tor
that
de
c
ides
the
lum
e
n
output
,
howe
ve
r
,
the
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
of
e
a
c
h
phos
phor
la
ye
r
withi
n
the
W
L
E
D
model
a
ls
o
a
f
f
e
c
ts
the
q
ua
li
ty
of
lum
inous
f
l
ux.
T
he
lum
inous
e
f
f
icie
nc
y
of
W
L
E
Ds
,
e
s
pe
c
ially
thos
e
a
t
lowe
r
C
C
T
s
,
is
a
f
f
e
c
ted
by
the
ba
c
ks
c
a
tt
e
r
ing
li
ght
los
s
f
r
om
the
incr
e
a
s
e
d
phos
phor
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
ons
[
16
-
18]
.
T
o
a
ddr
e
s
s
th
is
is
s
ue
,
the
mos
t
a
ppa
r
e
nt
s
olut
ion
is
to
boos
t
the
e
mi
tt
e
d
blue
a
nd
ye
ll
ow
li
gh
t
while
li
mi
ti
ng
the
li
ght
l
os
s
f
r
om
the
ba
c
k
-
s
c
a
tt
e
r
ing
pr
oc
e
s
s
.
T
he
tr
ipl
e
-
laye
r
phos
phor
W
L
E
Ds
with
c
olor
tempe
r
a
tur
e
of
600
0
K
a
r
e
the
s
ubjec
ts
f
or
s
i
mul
a
ti
ons
in
thi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h.
T
h
e
a
r
r
a
nge
ment
f
or
the
phos
phor
laye
r
s
in
thi
s
tr
i
ple
-
laye
r
r
e
mot
e
phos
phor
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
is
r
e
d
phos
phor
Y
3
Al
5
O
12
:C
r
3+
a
t
the
highes
t
pos
it
ion
r
ight
unde
r
the
p
r
otec
ti
ve
glas
s
he
mi
s
phe
r
e
,
ye
ll
ow
phos
phor
YA
G:C
e
3+
oc
c
upied
the
lowe
s
t
pos
it
ion
a
mong
the
phos
pho
r
laye
r
s
a
bove
the
blue
c
hips
,
a
nd
gr
e
e
n
phos
phor
Gd
2
O
2
S
:T
b
3+
plac
e
d
be
twe
e
n
the
r
e
d
a
nd
ye
ll
ow
phos
pho
r
laye
r
s
.
T
he
inclus
ion
of
the
gr
e
e
n
phos
phor
Gd
2
O
2
S
:
T
b
3+
is
to
e
xtr
a
c
t
the
g
r
e
e
n
l
ight
c
omponent
f
r
om
thi
s
p
hos
phor
onto
the
li
ght
e
mi
s
s
ion
pr
oc
e
s
s
of
W
L
E
D
whic
h
c
a
n
im
pr
ove
the
lum
inous
f
lux
.
On
the
othe
r
ha
n
d
,
the
r
e
d
phos
phor
Y
3
Al
5
O
12
:C
r
3+
whic
h
pos
s
e
s
s
e
s
the
r
e
d
l
ight
c
omponent
is
e
xpe
c
ted
to
be
ne
f
it
the
c
olor
qua
li
ty
of
W
L
E
Ds
.
T
he
r
e
s
ult
s
o
f
thi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
c
onf
ir
m
t
ha
t
with
the
ba
lanc
e
be
twe
e
n
the
thr
e
e
p
r
im
a
r
y
c
olor
s
,
the
W
L
E
Ds
c
a
n
pr
oduc
e
the
highes
t
c
olor
qua
li
ty
while
c
a
us
ing
mi
nim
a
l
ha
r
m
to
the
lum
inous
f
lux.
2.
COM
P
UT
AT
I
ONA
L
S
I
M
UL
AT
I
ON
T
he
e
xpe
r
im
e
nt
s
e
mpl
oye
d
in
thi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
r
e
to
tes
t
the
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ne
s
s
of
gr
e
e
n
phos
phor
Gd
2
O
2
S
:T
b
3+
in
im
pr
oving
the
lum
inous
f
lux
a
nd
r
e
d
phos
phor
Y
3
Al
5
O
12
:C
r
3+
in
e
nha
nc
ing
C
R
I
a
nd
C
QS.
T
he
L
ight
T
ools
8
.
1.
0
is
the
pr
im
a
r
y
tool
f
or
the
c
ons
tr
uc
ti
on
of
the
s
im
ulate
d
ve
r
s
ion
of
W
L
E
Ds
whic
h
ha
s
r
e
mot
e
phos
phor
s
tr
uc
tur
e
a
t
the
a
ve
r
a
ge
c
or
r
e
l
a
ted
c
olor
tempe
r
a
tu
r
e
of
6000K.
T
his
s
im
ulation
pr
o
gr
a
m
is
a
c
omm
e
r
c
ial
s
of
twa
r
e
that
ope
r
a
te
us
ing
the
M
o
nte
C
a
r
lo
r
a
y
-
tr
a
c
ing
method
[
19
-
22]
.
I
n
F
ig
ur
e
1
(
a
)
is
the
phys
ica
l
model
o
f
the
W
L
E
Ds
in
c
ha
r
ge
o
f
il
lus
tr
a
ti
ng
the
opti
c
a
l
pr
ope
r
ti
e
s
o
f
a
r
e
mot
e
p
a
c
ka
ging
W
L
E
Ds
.
T
his
phys
ica
l
model
is
a
r
e
f
lec
tor
wi
th
t
he
mea
s
ur
e
ment
of
8
mm
in
the
bott
om
,
2.
07
mm
in
he
ight
a
nd
9.
85
mm
in
top
s
ur
f
a
c
e
.
T
he
r
e
f
lec
tor
c
ons
is
ts
of
0.
08mm
phos
phor
la
ye
r
a
bove
9
L
E
D
c
hip
s
.
T
he
L
E
D
s
qua
r
e
c
hips
a
r
e
plac
e
d
in
de
nt
e
mbedde
d
on
the
r
e
f
lec
tor
,
the
s
ize
of
e
a
c
h
c
hip
is
1.
14
mm
ba
s
e
a
nd
0.
15
mm
he
ight
a
nd
the
r
a
diant
f
lux
a
t
the
wa
ve
length
o
f
4
55
nm
is
1.
16
W
.
T
he
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
ons
of
phos
phor
pa
r
ti
c
les
va
r
y
f
r
om
2%
to
24
%
but
the
AC
C
T
s
a
r
e
s
tabili
z
e
d
by
a
djus
ti
ng
the
ye
ll
ow
phos
phor
YA
G:
C
e
3+
wt
.
T
he
tec
hnica
l
indi
c
e
s
o
f
the
c
omponents
ins
ide
the
W
L
E
D
c
a
n
be
obs
e
r
ve
d
in
F
igur
e
1
(
b)
.
T
he
c
r
os
s
-
s
e
c
ti
on
in
F
igur
e
1
(
c
)
de
mons
tr
a
tes
the
a
r
r
a
nge
ment
o
f
c
omponents
ins
ide
the
W
L
E
D
model.
F
igu
r
e
1
(
d)
is
the
r
e
s
ult
s
of
s
im
ulate
d
W
L
E
D.
(
a
)
(
b)
(
c
)
(
d)
F
igur
e
1.
(
a
)
T
he
phys
ica
l
model
a
ppli
e
d
in
e
xpe
r
i
ments
,
(
b)
T
he
tec
hnica
l
pa
r
a
me
ter
s
,
(
c
)
T
he
c
r
os
s
-
s
e
c
ti
on
of
tr
ipl
e
-
laye
r
r
e
mot
e
phos
ph
or
c
onf
igur
a
ti
on
,
(
d)
T
he
s
im
ulation
of
W
L
E
Ds
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
Gr
e
e
n
-
e
mitt
ing
Gd
2
O
2
S
:
T
b
3+
and
r
e
d
-
e
mitt
ing
Y
3
Al
5
O
12
:
C
r
3+
phos
phor
s
…
(
N
guy
e
n
T
hi
P
huong
L
oan
)
1563
3.
RE
S
UL
T
S
AN
D
DI
S
CU
S
S
I
ON
T
he
inf
luenc
e
s
of
r
e
d
a
nd
gr
e
e
n
phos
phor
on
the
C
R
I
a
r
e
e
xpr
e
s
s
e
d
in
F
igur
e
2
wi
th
the
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
r
a
nge
s
f
r
om
2%
to
20%
.
C
R
I
gr
a
dua
ll
y
r
is
e
s
with
the
incr
e
a
s
ing
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
o
n
of
r
e
d
phos
phor
a
nd
r
e
a
c
h
the
highes
t
index
a
t
20
%
c
o
nc
e
ntr
a
ti
on.
On
the
c
ontr
a
r
y
,
the
C
R
I
in
W
L
E
D
only
go
down
whe
n
ther
e
is
gr
e
e
n
phos
phor
,
whic
h
s
ugge
s
t
t
ha
t
Gd
2
O
2
S
:T
b
3+
is
not
s
uit
a
ble
to
a
pply
in
W
L
E
D
with
high
C
R
I
de
mand,
e
s
pe
c
ially
whe
n
the
C
R
I
c
onti
n
uous
ly
de
gr
a
de
a
t
a
ny
a
ve
r
a
ge
c
or
r
e
late
d
c
olor
tempe
r
a
tur
e
(
AC
C
T
)
a
s
the
gr
e
e
n
phos
phor
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
incr
e
a
s
e
s
r
e
ga
r
dles
s
of
c
ha
nge
s
in
r
e
d
phos
phor
.
F
r
om
t
he
r
e
s
ult
of
F
igur
e
2,
i
t
is
obvious
that
the
r
e
d
li
ght
c
omp
one
nt
f
r
om
the
r
e
d
phos
phor
Y
3
Al
5
O
12
:C
r
3+
in
W
L
E
Ds
is
c
r
uc
ial
in
im
pr
oving
the
C
R
I
.
T
his
is
due
to
the
gr
e
e
n
li
ght
be
c
ome
the
domi
na
nt
c
olor
whe
n
the
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
of
gr
e
e
n
phos
phor
Gd
2
O
2
S
:T
b
3+
incr
e
a
s
e
,
whic
h
is
de
tr
im
e
ntal
f
or
the
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
of
C
R
I
.
T
he
incr
e
a
s
e
d
a
mount
of
gr
e
e
n
phos
phor
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
a
ls
o
s
uppr
e
s
s
e
s
the
r
e
d
li
ght
c
on
ve
r
ted.
Ac
c
or
ding
to
the
T
R
P
c
onf
igur
a
ti
on
,
the
li
ght
will
r
e
a
c
h
the
gr
e
e
n
phos
phor
l
a
ye
r
be
f
o
r
e
ge
tt
ing
to
the
r
e
d
phos
phor
due
to
the
s
e
t
up
that
plac
e
s
Gd
2
O
2
S
:
T
b
3
+
phos
phor
c
los
e
r
to
the
li
ght
s
our
c
e
than
Y
3
Al
5
O
12
:C
r
3+
p
hos
phor
.
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
c
hoos
ing
the
mi
nim
a
l
a
mount
f
or
g
r
e
e
n
phos
phor
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
is
a
dvis
a
ble
if
the
tar
ge
t
is
to
im
pr
ove
the
C
R
I
.
How
e
ve
r
,
C
R
I
is
on
ly
one
o
f
the
c
r
it
e
r
ia
to
e
va
luate
the
c
olo
r
qua
l
it
y
that
c
a
n
s
how
the
a
bil
it
y
of
the
human
e
ye
s
to
r
e
f
lec
t
tr
ue
c
olor
whe
n
the
l
ight
is
s
h
ini
ng
in
the
objec
t
.
B
e
s
ides
,
the
tr
uth
f
ulnes
s
of
the
c
olor
,
the
p
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
of
t
he
view
e
r
a
nd
c
olo
r
c
oor
dinate
s
a
r
e
the
a
s
pe
c
ts
that
C
R
I
c
a
nnot
a
s
s
e
s
s
.
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
C
QS
wi
th
the
a
bil
it
y
to
mea
s
ur
e
thr
e
e
e
leme
nts
:
C
R
I
,
view
e
r
c
om
f
or
t
,
a
nd
white
li
ght
c
olor
c
oor
dinate
s
is
a
be
tt
e
r
a
lt
e
r
na
ti
ve
.
W
he
n
c
ompar
ing
the
C
R
I
a
nd
C
QS,
the
C
QS
s
tands
out
a
s
the
mor
e
im
por
tant
pr
ior
i
ty
a
nd
a
ha
r
de
r
tar
ge
t
to
r
e
a
c
h.
S
o
to
s
olve
the
que
s
ti
on
of
wha
t
c
a
n
inf
lu
e
nc
e
a
nd
how
to
im
pr
ove
C
QS,
we
c
a
n
obs
e
r
ve
F
igur
e
3
whe
r
e
a
ll
c
h
a
nge
s
in
C
QS
a
r
e
e
xpr
e
s
s
e
d
in
de
tail
.
Ove
r
a
ll
,
the
C
QS
a
ls
o
be
ne
f
it
s
f
r
om
the
a
ppe
a
r
a
nc
e
of
Y
3
Al
5
O
12
:C
r
3+
phos
phor
,
e
s
pe
c
ially
whe
n
the
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
of
thi
s
phos
phor
e
xtend
.
T
he
dif
f
e
r
e
nc
e
is
the
va
r
iatio
n
of
g
r
e
e
n
phos
phor
Gd
2
O
2
S
:T
b
3+
c
a
us
e
les
s
e
f
f
e
c
t
to
C
QS
than
to
C
R
I
.
F
igu
r
e
3
s
hows
that
not
only
the
r
e
d
phos
phor
a
f
f
e
c
ts
the
C
QS
but
a
ls
o
the
g
r
e
e
n
p
hos
phor
,
whic
h
de
mons
tr
a
tes
the
pr
inciple
of
im
p
r
oving
C
QS,
that
is
to
ba
lanc
e
the
th
r
e
e
c
olor
s
:
r
e
d,
ye
ll
ow
a
nd
gr
e
e
n.
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
in
c
a
s
e
s
that
r
e
d
a
nd
g
r
e
e
n
ph
os
phor
both
incr
e
a
s
e
in
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
leve
l
,
the
s
uit
a
ble
a
djus
tm
e
nt
f
or
ye
ll
ow
phos
phor
is
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
o
the
AC
C
T
r
e
main
the
s
a
me
.
F
igur
e
2.
C
R
I
of
T
R
P
a
s
a
f
unc
ti
on
of
r
e
d
Y
3
Al
5
O
12
:C
r
3+
phos
phor
và
gr
e
e
n
Gd
2
O
2
S
:T
b
3+
phos
phor
F
igur
e
3.
C
QS
o
f
T
R
P
a
s
a
f
unc
ti
on
of
r
e
d
Y
3
Al
5
O
12
:C
r
3+
phos
phor
và
gr
e
e
n
Gd
2
O
2
S
:T
b
3+
phos
phor
R
e
duc
ing
the
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
of
ye
ll
ow
phos
phor
mea
ns
the
a
mount
of
ye
ll
ow
li
ght
de
c
li
ne
,
whic
h
c
a
n
lea
d
to
two
pos
it
ive
outcome
s
.
F
ir
s
t,
li
mi
ti
n
g
the
a
mount
o
f
li
ght
s
c
a
tt
e
r
e
d
ba
c
k
to
the
L
E
D
he
nc
e
e
nha
nc
e
s
the
lum
inous
f
lux.
S
e
c
ond,
lowe
r
ing
th
e
a
mount
of
ye
ll
ow
in
W
L
E
Ds
a
nd
r
e
plac
ing
it
with
r
e
d
a
nd
gr
e
e
n
li
ght
c
omponents
,
whic
h
is
good
f
or
the
ba
lanc
e
be
twe
e
n
thes
e
thr
e
e
c
olor
s
a
nd
C
Q
S
.
W
he
n
the
c
onc
e
ntr
a
t
ion
of
gr
e
e
n
phos
phor
Gd
2
O
2
S
:T
b
3+
is
r
is
ing
f
r
om
2
%
to
10%
the
C
QS
a
ls
o
r
is
e
,
t
he
C
QS
r
e
a
c
he
s
highes
t
indexe
s
whe
n
gr
e
e
n
phos
phor
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
is
f
r
om
10
%
to
14%
a
nd
only
be
gin
to
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
a
f
ter
that.
W
he
n
the
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
of
gr
e
e
n
pho
s
phor
is
a
t
low
lev
e
l
f
r
om
2
%
to
10%
,
the
C
QS
c
a
nnot
a
c
hieve
the
highes
t
index
be
c
a
us
e
the
a
mount
of
y
e
ll
ow
li
ght
is
s
ti
ll
domi
na
nt
,
ther
e
f
or
e
,
the
ba
c
k
-
s
c
a
tt
e
r
ing
e
f
f
e
c
t
c
a
n
a
f
f
e
c
t
the
li
ght
e
ne
r
gy
c
onve
r
ted.
T
he
C
QS
in
the
W
L
E
Ds
with
gr
e
e
n
phos
phor
c
onc
e
ntr
a
t
ion
f
r
om
10%
t
o
14%
only
mana
ge
to
r
e
a
c
h
the
highes
t
poi
nt
by
ha
ving
a
n
a
de
qua
te
a
mount
of
g
r
e
e
n
li
ght
c
o
mponent
to
ne
utr
a
li
z
e
the
ye
ll
ow
li
ght.
How
e
ve
r
,
s
hould
t
he
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
of
Gd
2
O
2
S
:T
b
3+
be
yond
the
14
%
mar
k,
it
will
be
c
ome
a
bunda
nt
a
nd
c
a
us
e
a
n
im
ba
lanc
e
be
twe
e
n
the
thr
e
e
ba
s
ic
c
olor
s
:
gr
e
e
n
,
r
e
d
a
nd
ye
ll
ow.
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
ke
e
ping
the
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
o
f
g
r
e
e
n
ph
os
phor
a
t
a
n
a
ppr
op
r
iate
leve
l
is
c
r
uc
ial
,
a
s
the
e
xc
e
s
s
ive
gr
e
e
n
li
ght
is
de
t
r
im
e
ntal
to
the
C
QS
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
1561
-
1566
1564
M
a
na
ging
the
c
olor
qua
li
ty
of
the
r
e
mot
e
pho
s
phor
s
tr
uc
tur
e
s
is
much
mor
e
c
ompl
ica
ted
than
the
c
onf
or
mal
s
tr
uc
tur
e
or
the
in
-
c
up
phos
phor
s
tr
uc
tur
e
a
nd
it
is
e
s
pe
c
ially
ha
r
de
r
whe
n
the
W
L
E
Ds
is
a
t
high
AC
C
T
s
.
How
e
ve
r
,
the
r
e
s
ult
s
on
the
C
QS
of
T
R
P
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
s
how
other
wis
e
,
the
higher
the
AC
C
T
s
the
be
tt
e
r
the
C
QS
in
T
R
P
.
M
or
e
ove
r
,
the
T
R
P
s
tr
uc
tur
e
ne
ga
tes
the
ba
c
k
-
s
c
a
tt
e
r
ing
e
f
f
e
c
t
a
n
d
boos
ts
the
li
ght
s
c
a
tt
e
r
ing
pr
oc
e
s
s
oc
c
ur
s
ins
ide
the
W
L
E
Ds
.
T
h
is
s
c
a
tt
e
r
ing
e
nha
nc
e
ment
im
pr
ove
s
the
mer
ging
pr
oc
e
s
s
of
li
ght
to
f
a
b
r
ica
te
be
tt
e
r
qua
li
ty
white
li
g
ht.
T
he
only
matter
wi
th
thi
s
incr
e
a
s
e
in
s
c
a
tt
e
r
in
g
is
how
it
a
f
f
e
c
ts
the
c
onve
r
ted
li
ght
e
ne
r
gy.
T
his
p
a
r
t
int
r
oduc
e
s
a
nd
il
lus
tr
a
tes
the
numer
ica
l
model
of
the
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
d
blue
li
ght
a
nd
c
onve
r
ted
ye
ll
ow
li
ght
in
the
d
ua
l
-
laye
r
phos
phor
s
tr
uc
tur
e
,
f
r
o
m
whic
h
c
ha
nge
s
c
a
n
be
made
to
c
r
e
a
te
im
mens
e
e
nha
nc
e
ment
to
L
E
D
e
f
f
icie
nc
y.
T
he
blue
li
ght
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
a
nd
the
c
onve
r
s
ion
of
ye
ll
ow
li
ght
in
s
ingl
e
laye
r
r
e
mot
e
phos
phor
pa
c
ka
ge
with
the
phos
phor
laye
r
thi
c
kne
s
s
de
f
ined
a
s
2h
a
r
e
c
omput
e
d
a
s
f
oll
ows
[
23
-
25]
:
1
2
10
B
h
P
B
P
B
e
−
=
(
1)
11
22
10
1
11
1
()
2
YB
hh
BY
PB
P
Y
e
e
−−
=−
−
(
2)
T
he
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
d
b
lue
li
ght
a
nd
c
onve
r
ted
ye
ll
ow
li
ght
in
W
L
E
D
with
d
ua
l
-
laye
r
r
e
mot
e
phos
phor
pa
c
ka
ge
that
ha
s
the
phos
phor
laye
r
thi
c
kne
s
s
of
h
a
r
e
c
a
lcula
ted
with
the
f
oll
owing
e
qua
ti
on
;
2
2
20
B
h
P
B
P
B
e
−
=
(
3)
22
22
20
2
22
1
()
2
YB
hh
BY
PB
P
Y
e
e
−−
=−
−
(
4)
T
he
s
ubs
c
r
ipt
"
1"
a
nd
"
2"
de
pict
s
ingl
e
laye
r
a
nd
double
-
laye
r
r
e
mot
e
phos
phor
pa
c
ka
ge
.
β
pr
e
s
e
nts
the
c
onve
r
s
ion
c
oe
f
f
icie
nt
f
r
om
blue
li
ght
to
ye
ll
o
w
li
ght.
γ
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
the
r
e
f
lec
ti
on
c
oe
f
f
icie
nt
of
th
e
ye
ll
ow
li
ght.
T
he
li
ght
int
e
ns
it
y
f
r
om
the
blue
L
E
D
a
r
e
the
int
e
ns
it
ies
of
blue
li
ght
(
P
B
)
a
nd
ye
ll
ow
li
g
ht
(
P
Y)
,
de
mons
tr
a
ted
by
PB
0
.
α
B
;
α
Y
whic
h
a
r
e
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
de
picting
the
por
ti
on
of
the
blue
a
nd
ye
ll
ow
li
ght
s
e
ne
r
gy
los
s
in
their
di
f
f
us
ion
pr
oc
e
s
s
in
the
phos
phor
laye
r
.
T
he
pc
-
L
E
Ds
li
ghti
ng
e
f
f
icie
nc
y
is
s
igni
f
ica
ntl
y
im
pr
ove
d
with
the
d
ua
l
-
laye
r
phos
phor
s
tr
uc
tur
e
c
ompar
e
d
to
the
r
e
s
ult
s
a
c
qui
r
e
d
in
the
s
ingl
e
laye
r
s
tr
uc
tur
e
:
2
2
1
1
11
(
)
(
)
0
P
B
P
Y
P
B
P
Y
P
B
P
Y
+
−
+
+
(
5)
T
he
s
c
a
tt
e
r
ing
of
phos
phor
pa
r
ti
c
les
wa
s
s
tudi
e
d
us
ing
the
M
ie
-
theor
y
.
M
or
e
ove
r
,
by
a
pplyi
ng
the
M
ie
theor
y
,
the
s
c
a
tt
e
r
ing
c
r
os
s
s
e
c
ti
on
C
s
c
a
f
or
s
phe
r
ica
l
p
a
r
ti
c
les
c
a
n
be
c
a
lcula
ted
with
the
f
oll
owing
e
x
pr
e
s
s
ion.
T
he
L
a
mber
t
-
B
e
e
r
law
c
a
n
be
us
e
d
to
c
a
lcula
te
the
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
d
li
ght
powe
r
.
I
=
I
0
e
xp
(
-
µ
e
x
t
L)
(
6)
I
n
whic
h
I
0
is
the
e
pis
ode
li
ght
powe
r
,
L
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
nts
the
phos
phor
laye
r
thi
c
kne
s
s
(
mm
)
a
nd
µ
ext
is
the
e
xti
nc
ti
on
c
oe
f
f
icie
nt
,
whic
h
c
a
n
be
e
xpr
e
s
s
e
d
a
s
:
µ
ext
=
N
r
.C
e
x
t
,
,
whe
r
e
N
r
is
the
number
de
ns
it
y
dis
tr
ibut
ion
of
pa
r
ti
c
les
(
mm
-
3
)
.
C
e
x
t
(
m
m
2
)
is
the
e
xti
nc
ti
on
c
r
os
s
-
s
e
c
ti
on
of
phos
phor
pa
r
ti
c
les
.
T
hr
ough
the
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
o
f
(
5
)
,
it
is
obvious
t
ha
t
the
lum
inous
f
lux
o
f
W
L
E
Ds
is
be
tt
e
r
if
the
number
of
phos
phor
laye
r
s
incr
e
a
s
e
s
.
T
he
F
i
gur
e
4
,
whic
h
e
xpr
e
s
s
e
s
the
lum
inous
f
lux
mea
s
ur
e
d
f
r
om
the
T
R
P
,
is
the
e
xplana
ti
on
f
or
thi
s
s
tate
ment,
the
r
e
d
a
nd
gr
e
e
n
phos
phor
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
incr
e
a
s
e
c
or
r
e
s
ponding
to
the
e
xpa
ns
ion
of
the
lum
inous
f
l
ux,
ther
e
f
o
r
e
,
f
o
r
c
ing
the
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
o
f
ye
ll
ow
p
hos
pho
r
to
de
c
li
ne
to
s
tabili
z
e
the
AC
C
T
.
T
he
vit
a
l
point
i
s
lowe
r
ing
the
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
of
ye
ll
ow
phos
phor
t
o
r
e
duc
e
the
li
ght
los
s
in
the
ba
c
k
-
s
c
a
tt
e
r
ing
pr
oc
e
s
s
.
M
or
e
ove
r
,
a
c
c
or
ding
to
the
L
a
mber
t
-
B
e
e
r
law
in
(
6
)
,
a
s
the
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
of
ye
ll
ow
phos
phor
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
the
li
ght
e
mi
s
s
ion
e
ne
r
gy
gr
ows
.
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
the
in
c
r
e
a
s
e
in
r
e
d
a
nd
gr
e
e
n
phos
phor
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
will
s
uppor
t
the
e
xtens
ion
of
lum
inous
f
lux.
How
e
ve
r
,
the
e
x
c
e
e
ding
a
mount
of
r
e
d
a
nd
g
r
e
e
n
li
ght
c
omponents
in
W
L
E
Ds
mi
ght
c
a
us
e
a
dis
pr
opor
ti
on
be
twe
e
n
the
thr
e
e
c
olor
s
,
thus
lea
ve
a
ne
ga
ti
ve
im
pa
c
t
on
the
C
QS.
As
the
c
ontent
of
F
igur
e
5
s
ugge
s
ts
,
the
gr
e
e
n
phos
phor
Gd
2
O
2
S
:T
b
3+
that
inc
r
e
a
s
e
the
gr
e
e
n
li
ght
c
omp
one
nt
withi
n
W
L
E
D
r
e
duc
e
s
the
ba
c
ks
c
a
tt
e
r
ing
whic
h
is
f
a
vor
a
ble
f
or
the
li
ght
ing
e
f
f
ica
c
y
(
L
E
)
a
nd
c
a
n
e
nha
nc
e
d
it
up
to
40%
r
e
ga
r
dles
s
of
the
r
e
d
p
hos
phor
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
Gr
e
e
n
-
e
mitt
ing
Gd
2
O
2
S
:
T
b
3+
and
r
e
d
-
e
mitt
ing
Y
3
Al
5
O
12
:
C
r
3+
phos
phor
s
…
(
N
guy
e
n
T
hi
P
huong
L
oan
)
1565
Y
3
Al
5
O
12
:C
r
3+
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
.
S
o
i
f
the
tar
ge
t
is
t
o
a
c
hieve
high
index
in
C
QS
a
nd
L
E
,
the
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
of
Gd
2
O
2
S
:T
b
3
+
to
c
hoos
e
s
hould
be
f
r
om
10
%
to
14
%
while
ha
ving
the
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
of
Y
3
Al
5
O
12
:C
r
3
+
a
t
20%
.
L
E
in
W
L
E
Ds
with
the
a
ve
r
a
ge
c
or
r
e
late
d
c
olor
tempe
r
a
tur
e
of
6000K
incr
e
a
s
e
s
li
ghtl
y
with
the
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
of
Y
3
Al
5
O
12
:C
r
3+
.
W
he
n
the
c
o
nc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
of
Y
3
Al
5
O
12
:C
r
3+
is
in
the
r
a
nge
f
r
o
m
2%
to
14%
,
L
E
a
lm
os
t
r
e
main
unc
ha
nge
d
a
nd
only
s
tar
t
to
de
ter
io
r
a
te
whe
n
the
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
of
gr
e
e
n
phos
phor
r
is
e
to
20
%
.
T
he
s
e
r
e
s
ult
s
a
r
e
us
e
f
ul
inf
o
r
mation
t
ha
t
c
a
n
be
uti
li
z
e
d
by
the
manuf
a
c
tur
e
r
s
to
c
hoos
e
the
r
ight
a
mount
of
pho
s
phor
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
f
or
the
de
s
ir
e
d
goa
l.
F
igur
e
4.
L
umi
nous
f
lux
of
T
R
P
a
s
a
f
unc
ti
on
o
f
r
e
d
Y
3
Al
5
O
12
:C
r
3+
phos
phor
và
gr
e
e
n
Gd
2
O
2
S
:T
b
3+
phos
phor
F
igur
e
5.
L
umi
nous
f
lux
of
T
R
P
a
s
a
f
unc
ti
on
o
f
r
e
d
Y
3
Al
5
O
12
:C
r
3+
phos
phor
a
nd
gr
e
e
n
Gd
2
O
2
S
:
T
b
3+
phos
phor
4.
CONC
L
USI
ON
P
r
opos
ing
the
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
of
T
R
P
c
onf
igu
r
a
ti
on
togethe
r
with
the
gr
e
e
n
phos
phor
Gd
2
O
2
S
:
T
b
3+
,
a
nd
r
e
d
phos
phor
Y
3
Al
5
O
12
:C
r
3+
to
im
pr
ove
C
R
I
,
C
QS
a
nd
L
E
of
W
L
E
Ds
.
T
he
T
R
P
wa
s
pr
ove
n
e
f
f
icie
nt
in
both
e
nha
nc
ing
c
olor
qua
li
ty
a
nd
L
E
,
wh
ich
is
a
u
s
e
f
ul
r
e
s
ult
that
ha
s
not
be
e
n
dis
c
ove
r
e
d
be
f
o
r
e
.
T
o
a
c
hieve
thi
s
r
e
s
ult
,
the
ba
lanc
e
be
twe
e
n
ye
ll
ow,
r
e
d
a
nd
gr
e
e
n
li
ghts
is
the
pr
e
r
e
quis
it
e
r
e
quir
e
ment
whic
h
is
obtaina
ble
by
a
djus
ti
ng
the
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
of
Gd
2
O
2
S
:T
b
3
+
a
nd
Y
3
Al
5
O
12
:C
r
3+
.
M
a
na
g
ing
the
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
of
the
gr
e
e
n
phos
phor
is
c
ont
r
oll
ing
the
g
r
e
e
n
li
g
ht
c
omponent
in
W
L
E
D
thus
lea
d
to
be
tt
e
r
lum
in
ous
f
lux.
T
he
r
e
d
phos
phor
Y
3
Al
5
O
12
:C
r
3+
with
the
a
ddit
io
na
l
r
e
d
li
ght
c
omponent
,
on
the
other
ha
nd,
is
a
s
uit
a
ble
mate
r
ial
to
induce
the
gr
owth
in
C
R
I
.
M
or
e
ove
r
,
e
mpl
oying
mul
ti
ple
laye
r
s
of
phos
phor
is
mor
e
b
e
ne
f
icia
l
f
or
the
lum
inous
f
lux
than
us
ing
a
s
ingl
e
one
.
F
r
o
m
the
r
e
s
ult
s
o
f
thi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h,
r
e
duc
ing
the
ba
c
k
-
s
c
a
tt
e
r
ing
e
f
f
e
c
t
f
r
om
the
ye
ll
ow
phos
phor
YA
G:C
e
3+
a
nd
maintaining
the
b
a
lanc
e
o
f
the
thr
e
e
c
olor
s
ye
l
lo
w,
r
e
d
a
nd
gr
e
e
n
a
r
e
the
vi
tal
point
to
ge
t
the
opti
mal
c
olor
qu
a
li
ty
a
nd
highes
t
lum
inous
f
lux.
RE
F
E
RE
NC
E
S
[1
]
J
.
P.
Y
o
u
,
N
.
T
.
T
ran
,
a
n
d
F.
G
.
Sh
i
.
“
L
i
g
h
t
e
x
t
rac
t
i
o
n
en
h
an
ce
d
w
h
i
t
e
l
i
g
h
t
-
em
i
t
t
i
n
g
d
i
o
d
es
w
i
t
h
m
u
l
t
i
-
l
ay
ered
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
n
f
i
g
u
rat
i
o
n
,
”
O
p
t
i
c
s
E
x
p
r
e
s
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
8
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
5
0
5
5
-
5
0
6
0
,
2
0
1
0
.
[2
]
N
.
D
.
Q
.
Anh
an
d
H
.
Y
.
L
ee.
“
Imp
ro
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
an
g
u
l
ar
co
l
o
r
u
n
i
f
o
rmi
t
y
an
d
t
h
e
l
u
me
n
o
u
t
p
u
t
fo
r
w
h
i
t
e
mu
l
t
i
-
c
h
i
p
L
E
D
l
amp
s
b
y
g
ree
n
Ce
0.
67
Tb
0
.
33
Mg
A
l
11
O
19
:
Ce,
T
b
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
,”
J
.
o
f
t
h
e
Ch
i
n
.
In
s
.
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
s
,
v
o
l
.
39
,
n
o
.
7
,
pp.
8
7
1
-
8
7
5
,
2
0
1
6
.
[3
]
S.
J
.
My
o
u
n
g
,
H
.
C.
Yo
n
g
,
W
.
Sh
u
l
u
,
G
.
L
.
T
ae
,
an
d
S.
Y
.
J
ae,
“
Ma
t
eri
a
l
p
r
o
p
er
t
i
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
Ce
3+
-
d
o
p
ed
g
ar
n
et
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
fo
r
a
w
h
i
t
e
L
E
D
ap
p
l
i
ca
t
i
o
n
,
”
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
In
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
D
i
s
p
l
a
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
1
7
-
1
2
3
,
2
0
1
6
.
[4
]
M
.
R
.
K
a
t
j
a
,
K
.
G
.
M
a
r
t
a
,
B
.
G
r
e
g
a
,
a
n
d
B
.
K
.
M
a
t
e
j
,
“
W
h
i
t
e
L
E
D
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
d
w
i
t
h
o
t
h
e
r
l
i
g
h
t
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
:
A
ge
-
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
p
h
o
t
o
b
i
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
a
n
d
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
f
o
r
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
,”
I
n
t
.
J
.
o
f
O
c
c
u
p
.
S
a
f
.
a
n
d
E
r
g
.
,
v
o
l
.
2
1
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
3
9
1
-
3
9
8
,
2
0
1
5
.
[5
]
N
.
D
.
Q
.
A
n
h
,
P.
X
.
L
e,
an
d
H
.
Y
.
L
ee
.
“
Sel
ect
i
o
n
o
f
a
remo
t
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
n
f
i
g
u
rat
i
o
n
t
o
en
h
an
ce
t
h
e
co
l
o
r
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
o
f
w
h
i
t
e
L
E
D
s
,
”
Cu
r
r
e
n
t
O
p
t
i
cs
a
n
d
P
h
o
t
o
n
i
cs
,
v
o
l
.
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
7
8
-
8
5
,
2
0
1
9
.
[6
]
Z
.
T
.
L
i
,
H
.
Y
.
W
an
g
,
B.
H
.
Y
u
,
X
.
R.
Ding,
an
d
Y
.
T
an
g
,
“
H
i
g
h
-
effi
c
i
e
n
cy
L
E
D
CO
B
d
e
v
i
ce
co
m
b
i
n
ed
d
i
ced
V
-
s
h
ap
e
d
p
at
t
ern
a
n
d
remo
t
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
,”
Ch
i
n
e
s
e
O
p
t
i
cs
Let
t
er
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
4
2
3
0
1
-
4
2
3
0
4
,
2
0
1
7
.
[7
]
N
.
Q
.
L
i
,
Y
.
Z
h
an
g
,
Y
.
W
.
Q
u
an
,
L
.
L
i
,
S.
H
.
Y
e,
Q
.
L
.
Fan
,
an
d
W
.
H
u
an
g
.
“
H
i
g
h
-
eff
i
ci
e
n
cy
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
-
p
r
o
ces
s
e
d
W
O
L
E
D
s
w
i
t
h
v
ery
h
i
g
h
c
o
l
o
r
ren
d
eri
n
g
i
n
d
e
x
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
a
macro
s
p
i
ro
c
y
cl
i
c
o
l
i
g
o
mer
ma
t
ri
x
h
o
s
t
,
”
O
p
t
i
ca
l
M
a
t
er
i
a
l
s
E
x
p
r
e
s
s
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
3
2
0
8
-
3
2
1
9
,
2
0
1
8
.
[8
]
Y
.
Y
.
L
i
,
J
.
J
.
Ch
e
n
,
H
.
H
.
Fen
g
,
H
.
Ch
e
n
,
an
d
Q
.
M.
W
an
g
,
“
Ru
g
a
t
e
fi
l
t
er
s
u
s
ed
i
n
s
l
i
t
-
l
amp
d
el
i
v
er
y
t
o
i
m
p
ro
v
e
co
l
o
r
ren
d
er
i
n
g
o
f
i
l
l
u
mi
n
at
i
o
n
fo
r
ret
i
n
a
l
p
h
o
t
o
c
o
ag
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
A
p
p
l
i
ed
O
p
t
i
cs
,
v
o
l
.
5
3
,
n
o
.
1
5
,
p
p
.
3
3
6
1
-
3
3
6
9
,
2
0
1
4
.
[9
]
K
.
A
.
G
.
Smet
an
d
P.
H
an
s
el
aer,
“
Imp
act
o
f
cro
s
s
-
re
g
i
o
n
al
d
i
ffe
ren
ce
s
o
n
co
l
o
r
ren
d
i
t
i
o
n
ev
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
w
h
i
t
e
l
i
g
h
t
sou
rces
,
”
O
p
t
i
cs
E
x
p
r
e
s
s
,
v
o
l
.
2
3
,
n
o
.
2
3
,
p
p
.
3
0
2
1
6
-
3
0
2
2
6
,
2
0
1
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
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T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
1561
-
1566
1566
[1
0
]
J
.
H
.
O
h
,
S.
J
.
Y
an
g
,
Y
.
G
.
Su
n
g
,
an
d
Y
.
R.
Do
,
“
E
x
ce
l
l
en
t
co
l
o
r
ren
d
eri
n
g
i
n
d
e
x
e
s
o
f
mu
l
t
i
-
p
ack
a
g
e
w
h
i
t
e
L
E
D
s
,
”
O
p
t
i
c
s
E
xp
r
es
s
,
v
o
l
.
2
0
,
n
o
.
1
8
,
p
p
.
2
0
2
7
6
-
2
0
2
8
5
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
1
]
H
.
K
.
Park
,
J
.
H
.
O
h
,
an
d
Y
.
R.
Do
,
“
T
o
w
ard
s
ca
t
t
er
-
free
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
i
n
w
h
i
t
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
-
c
o
n
v
er
t
ed
l
i
g
h
t
-
em
i
t
t
i
n
g
d
i
o
d
e
s
,”
O
p
t
i
c
s
E
xp
r
es
s
,
v
o
l
.
2
0
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
1
0
2
1
8
-
1
0
2
2
8
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
2
]
J
.
H
.
O
h
,
H
.
J
.
K
an
g
,
M.
J
.
K
o
,
an
d
Y
.
R.
Do,
“
A
n
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
w
i
d
e
co
l
o
r
g
am
u
t
o
f
g
ree
n
/
r
ed
b
i
l
a
y
ered
frees
t
an
d
i
n
g
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
fi
l
m
-
ca
p
p
e
d
w
h
i
t
e
L
E
D
s
f
o
r
L
CD
b
ack
l
i
g
h
t
,”
O
p
t
i
c
s
E
xp
r
es
s
,
v
o
l
.
23
,
n
o
.
15
,
p
p
.
A
7
9
1
-
A
8
0
4
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
3
]
G
.
X
.
He
an
d
H
.
F.
Y
an
,
“
O
p
t
i
ma
l
s
p
ect
ra
o
f
t
h
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
-
co
a
t
ed
w
h
i
t
e
L
E
D
s
w
i
t
h
ex
ce
l
l
e
n
t
co
l
o
r
re
n
d
er
i
n
g
p
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