T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
, V
ol
.
17
,
No.
6,
Dec
e
mb
er
20
1
9,
p
p.2
76
4~
27
71
IS
S
N: 1
69
3
-
6
93
0
,
accr
ed
ited
F
irst
Gr
ad
e b
y K
em
en
r
istekdikti,
Decr
ee
No: 2
1/E/
K
P
T
/20
18
DOI:
10.12928/TE
LK
OM
N
IK
A
.v
1
7
i
6
.
12973
◼
27
64
Rec
ei
v
ed
A
pril
21
,
20
1
9
; R
ev
i
s
ed
J
u
l
y
2
, 2
01
9
; A
c
c
ep
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ul
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18
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20
1
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amp
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fy an
d f
or
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ard
prot
oc
ol
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f F
D EH
relay
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V
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Du
c
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n
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Ha*
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h
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o
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a
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te
r f
o
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n
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a
ti
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T
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c
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o
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Ch
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M
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U
n
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f
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d
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s
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Ho
Chi
M
i
n
h
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i
ty
,
Vi
e
t
n
a
m
*C
o
rre
s
p
o
n
d
i
n
g
a
u
th
o
r,
e
-
ma
il
:
h
a
d
u
y
h
u
n
g
@td
t
u
.e
d
u
.v
n
Ab
strac
t
Nowa
d
a
y
s
,
m
a
n
y
re
s
e
a
r
c
h
p
a
p
e
r
s
fo
c
u
s
o
n
th
e
WPCN
p
ro
b
l
e
m
a
n
d
h
o
w
to
i
m
p
ro
v
e
i
ts
e
ff
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
r
e
s
e
a
rc
h
,
we
p
ro
p
o
s
e
a
n
d
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
a
te
Hy
b
ri
d
De
c
o
d
e
-
Am
p
l
i
f
y
a
n
d
Fo
rward
Pro
to
c
o
l
(HD
AF)
o
f
th
e
Fu
l
l
-
Dup
l
e
x
(
F
D)
En
e
rg
y
Har
v
e
s
ti
n
g
(EH)
Rel
a
y
i
n
g
Ne
two
rk
wit
h
th
e
T
i
m
e
Swit
c
h
i
n
g
(TS
)
p
ro
to
c
o
l
.
I
n
th
e
b
e
g
i
n
n
i
n
g
s
ta
g
e
,
we
p
re
s
e
n
t
th
e
HD
AF
m
o
d
e
,
whi
c
h
c
a
n
b
e
work
l
i
k
e
a
Dec
o
d
e
-
and
-
Am
p
l
i
fy
(DF)
o
r
A
m
p
l
i
fy
-
a
n
d
-
F
o
rward
(AF)
m
o
d
e
s
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
th
e
b
e
s
t
o
f
i
ts
p
e
r
fo
rm
a
n
c
e
i
n
t
h
e
FD
EH
re
l
a
y
i
n
g
n
e
tw
o
rk
.
Fu
rth
e
rm
o
re
,
t
h
e
c
l
o
s
e
d
-
fo
rm
e
x
p
re
s
s
i
o
n
o
f
th
e
o
u
t
a
g
e
p
ro
b
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
(O
T)
i
s
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
d
a
n
d
d
e
ri
v
e
d
i
n
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
wit
h
t
h
e
p
ri
m
a
ry
s
y
s
t
e
m
p
a
ra
m
e
t
e
rs
.
Be
s
i
d
e
s
,
th
e
c
o
m
p
a
ri
s
o
n
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
p
e
r
fo
rm
a
n
c
e
i
n
t
h
e
AF,
DF,
a
n
d
HD
AF
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
a
n
d
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
a
te
d
.
Fi
n
a
l
l
y
,
a
l
l
th
e
re
s
u
l
t
s
a
re
c
o
n
v
i
n
c
e
d
b
y
th
e
M
o
n
te
Ca
rl
o
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
fo
r a
l
l
c
a
s
e
s
.
Key
w
ords
:
e
n
e
rg
y
h
a
r
v
e
s
ti
n
g
(EH)
,
fu
l
l
-
d
u
p
l
e
x
(FD)
,
h
y
b
ri
d
d
e
c
o
d
e
-
a
m
p
l
i
fy
a
n
d
fo
rward
p
ro
to
c
o
l
(HD
AF)
,
o
u
ta
g
e
p
ro
b
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
(OT)
Copy
righ
t
©
2
0
1
9
Uni
v
e
rsi
t
a
s
Ahm
a
d
D
a
hl
a
n.
All
rig
ht
s
r
e
s
e
rve
d
.
1.
Int
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
Remo
t
el
y
po
wer
i
ng
wi
r
e
l
e
s
s
c
om
mu
ni
c
at
i
o
n
de
v
i
c
e
i
s
an
i
nn
a
te
te
nd
e
nc
y
i
n
mo
de
r
n
wi
r
el
es
s
ne
t
wor
k
s
,
es
p
ec
i
al
l
y
wh
en
a
us
er
or
c
om
mu
n
i
c
ati
on
de
v
i
c
e
h
as
l
i
m
i
ted
ac
c
es
s
to
ba
tte
r
y
po
wer
or
th
e
r
e
s
ou
r
c
es
ne
c
es
s
ary
to
r
eg
ul
arly
r
ep
l
ac
e
th
e
ba
t
te
r
i
es
.
Rec
en
t
l
y
,
wi
r
el
es
s
‐
po
wer
ed
c
om
m
un
i
c
ati
on
ha
s
g
ai
ne
d
c
o
ns
i
d
erabl
e
i
nte
r
es
t
be
c
au
s
e
of
i
t
s
c
ap
ab
i
l
i
ty
to
de
a
l
w
i
th
the
en
ergy
s
c
arc
i
ty
i
n
en
ergy
‐
c
on
s
tr
ai
ne
d
w
i
r
el
es
s
ne
twork
s
.
T
he
en
er
gy
-
c
on
s
tr
ai
ne
d
c
om
mu
ni
c
at
i
on
s
y
s
tem
s
ha
v
e
a
l
i
mi
ted
o
pe
r
at
i
o
na
l
l
i
fe
ti
me
,
an
d
to
ma
i
nta
i
n
ne
tw
ork
c
on
ne
c
ti
v
i
ty
,
pe
r
i
od
i
c
al
ba
tt
ery
r
ep
l
ac
e
me
nt
or
r
ec
ha
r
gi
n
g
i
s
pe
r
f
orme
d,
wh
i
c
h
i
s
ne
v
erthe
l
es
s
c
os
tl
y
,
i
nc
on
v
e
ni
en
t,
a
nd
s
om
et
i
m
es
i
mp
os
s
i
b
l
e.
A
s
s
uc
h,
en
er
gy
ha
r
v
es
ti
n
g,
wh
i
c
h
s
c
av
en
ge
s
en
ergy
fr
o
m
ex
tern
al
na
t
ural
r
es
ou
r
c
es
s
uc
h
as
s
ol
ar,
w
i
n
d
or
v
i
br
ati
on
,
ha
s
ga
i
n
ed
a
great
de
a
l
of
i
nte
r
es
t,
s
i
nc
e
i
t
prov
i
de
s
a
c
os
t
-
ef
fec
ti
v
e
s
ol
ut
i
on
to
prol
on
g
th
e
l
i
fe
ti
m
e
of
wi
r
e
l
es
s
c
om
mu
ni
c
at
i
on
s
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Howev
er,
t
he
a
mo
un
t
o
f
e
ne
r
gy
ha
r
v
es
te
d
fr
om
na
t
ural
r
es
ou
r
c
es
i
s
r
an
do
m
an
d
h
i
g
hl
y
d
ep
e
n
ds
on
s
o
me
u
nc
on
tr
o
l
l
ab
l
e
fac
tors
s
uc
h
as
th
e
we
at
he
r
c
on
d
i
t
i
on
s
,
whi
c
h
ma
k
es
r
el
i
a
bl
e
c
om
mu
n
i
c
ati
on
di
ffi
c
u
l
t.
A
n
att
r
ac
ti
v
e
s
o
l
ut
i
o
n
t
ha
t
ov
erc
o
me
s
t
he
ab
ov
e
l
i
m
i
ta
ti
o
n
i
s
t
o
ha
r
v
es
t
e
ne
r
gy
fr
om
hu
ma
n
-
ma
d
e
r
ad
i
o
fr
eq
ue
nc
y
(
RF
)
el
ec
tr
om
ag
ne
ti
c
r
a
di
a
ti
o
n
(
al
s
o
k
no
w
n
as
w
i
r
el
es
s
po
wer
tr
a
ns
fer)
[1
-
6]
.
In
t
he
l
as
t
de
c
a
de
,
ma
ny
r
e
s
ea
r
c
h
pa
p
ers
foc
us
ed
on
W
P
CN
a
nd
ho
w to
i
mp
r
ov
e
i
ts
ef
f
i
c
i
e
nc
y
.
T
hi
s
c
on
c
e
pt
of
a
tr
ad
e
off
b
etwe
e
n
E
H
an
d
i
nfo
r
ma
t
i
on
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
on
i
n
W
P
CN
w
as
pro
po
s
ed
an
d
i
nv
es
ti
g
ate
d
i
n
[
7]
a
nd
e
x
ten
de
d
i
n
[
8].
Mo
r
eo
v
er,
t
he
c
o
nc
ep
t
of
pa
r
ti
a
l
n
etw
ork
-
l
ev
el
c
o
op
e
r
ati
on
for
E
H
n
etwo
r
k
s
wa
s
pres
en
ted
i
n
de
ta
i
l
i
n
[9
],
a
nd
i
n
[1
0]
w
i
r
el
es
s
E
H
a
nd
i
nf
ormat
i
o
n
tr
an
s
fer
i
n
c
og
n
i
t
i
v
e
r
e
l
ay
ne
tw
ork
s
was
i
nte
ns
el
y
an
a
l
y
z
ed
.
In
W
P
C
N,
th
e
tw
o
tr
a
di
t
i
o
na
l
t
i
me
s
wi
tc
hi
ng
(
T
S
P
)
an
d
p
ower
s
pl
i
tt
i
n
g
(
P
S
P
)
protoc
ol
s
ha
v
e
be
e
n
i
nte
n
s
i
v
el
y
s
tud
i
ed
i
n
th
e
l
i
tera
t
ure,
a
nd
ma
ny
fr
o
m
t
he
s
e
s
tud
i
es
ha
v
e
c
om
pa
r
e
d t
h
e s
y
s
tem
p
erfo
r
ma
nc
e o
f th
e t
wo
prot
oc
ol
s
un
de
r
d
i
ff
erent s
c
en
ario
s
[11
-
15
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
IS
S
N: 1
69
3
-
6
93
0
◼
Hy
brid
d
ec
od
e
-
a
mp
l
i
fy
an
d
forwar
d p
r
oto
c
o
l
of
F
D
E
H
r
el
ay
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ng
…
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V
a
n
-
Duc
P
ha
n
)
2765
In
th
i
s
r
es
e
arc
h,
w
e
pr
o
po
s
e
an
d
i
nv
es
ti
g
ate
hy
b
r
i
d
d
ec
od
e
-
am
p
l
i
fy
an
d
f
orw
ard
protoc
ol
(
HDAF)
of
t
he
f
ul
l
-
du
pl
ex
(
F
D)
en
er
gy
ha
r
v
e
s
ti
ng
(
E
H)
r
el
ay
i
n
g
n
etwo
r
k
wi
th
the
ti
me
s
wi
tc
hi
n
g
(
T
S
)
protoc
o
l
.
In
t
he
be
gi
n
ni
ng
s
tag
e,
we
pr
e
s
en
t
the
HD
A
F
m
od
e,
w
hi
c
h
c
an
be
wor
k
l
i
k
e
a
de
c
od
e
-
an
d
-
am
pl
i
fy
(
DF
)
or
am
pl
i
fy
-
and
-
f
orw
ar
d
(
A
F
)
mo
d
es
ba
s
e
d
on
t
he
be
s
t
of
i
ts
pe
r
forma
nc
e
i
n
t
he
F
D
E
H
r
el
ay
i
n
g
ne
t
wor
k
.
F
urth
ermor
e,
th
e
c
l
os
ed
-
f
orm
ex
pres
s
i
on
of
the
ou
tag
e
prob
ab
i
l
i
ty
(
O
T
)
i
s
an
al
y
z
ed
a
nd
d
eriv
ed
i
n
c
on
n
ec
ti
o
n
wi
t
h
the
prim
ary
s
y
s
tem
pa
r
am
ete
r
s
.
I
n
a
dd
i
t
i
on
,
the
c
om
p
aris
on
of
th
e
s
y
s
tem
pe
r
forma
nc
e
i
n
the
A
F
,
DF
,
an
d
HD
A
F
i
s
propos
e
d
an
d
i
nv
es
t
i
ga
ted
.
F
i
na
l
l
y
,
a
l
l
the
r
es
u
l
ts
are
c
on
v
i
nc
ed
by
the
Mo
nt
e
C
arlo
s
i
mu
l
ati
on
for al
l
c
as
es
. Th
e m
a
i
n
c
on
t
r
i
bu
t
i
on
of
t
hi
s
p
ap
er c
a
n b
e d
r
awn
as
th
e f
o
l
l
ows
:
−
T
he
HD
A
F
of
the
F
D E
H
r
el
ay
i
ng
ne
tw
ork
i
s
prop
os
ed
an
d
i
nv
es
ti
ga
t
ed
.
−
T
he
c
l
os
e
d
-
form
ex
pres
s
i
o
n
of
the
s
y
s
tem
O
P
i
s
de
r
i
v
ed
a
nd
i
nv
es
t
i
ga
t
ed
i
n
c
on
ne
c
ti
o
n
w
i
th
the
pr
i
ma
r
y
s
y
s
tem
p
aram
e
ters
.
−
T
he
c
om
pa
r
i
s
o
n
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
p
erfor
ma
nc
e
i
n
t
he
A
F
,
DF
,
an
d
HD
A
F
i
s
pro
p
os
ed
an
d
i
nv
es
ti
ga
te
d.
−
T
he
M
on
te
Carl
o s
i
m
ul
ati
on
c
on
v
i
nc
es
a
l
l
the
r
es
ul
ts
.
T
he
r
em
a
i
n
i
ng
p
art
of
thi
s
r
es
ea
r
c
h
c
an
be
draw
n
l
i
k
e
the
be
l
ow
s
ec
ti
on
s
.
W
e
pr
o
po
s
e
the
s
y
s
tem
mo
de
l
ne
tw
ork
i
n
s
ec
ti
o
ns
2,
an
d
t
he
o
uta
g
e
prob
ab
i
l
i
ty
an
a
l
y
s
i
s
i
s
prov
i
de
d
i
n
s
ec
ti
on
3.
S
ec
ti
on
4
g
i
v
es
the
r
es
ea
r
c
h
r
es
ul
ts
an
d
di
s
c
us
s
i
on
s
,
an
d
s
om
e
c
o
nc
l
us
i
o
ns
are
wr
i
tte
n
i
n
th
e
l
as
t s
ec
ti
o
n.
2.
S
ys
t
em
Mod
el
In
th
i
s
s
ec
ti
o
n,
F
i
gu
r
e
1
pr
es
en
ts
th
e
HD
A
F
of
the
F
D
E
H
r
e
l
ay
i
ng
ne
tw
ork
i
n
t
he
T
S
P
r
oto
c
o
l
.
I
n
t
hi
s
mo
de
l
s
y
s
tem
,
the
i
nfo
r
m
ati
on
i
s
tr
an
s
ferr
ed
fr
om
th
e
s
ou
r
c
e
(
S
)
to
the
d
es
ti
na
t
i
on
(
D)
,
thro
ug
h
an
en
ergy
-
c
on
s
tr
a
i
ne
d
i
n
term
ed
i
ate
r
el
ay
(
R)
.
T
he
e
ne
r
gy
ha
r
v
es
ti
n
g
(
E
H)
an
d
i
nf
ormati
on
tr
a
ns
ferr
i
ng
(
IT)
ph
as
es
of
the
s
y
s
tem
mo
de
l
are
drawn
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
2.
I
n
t
hi
s
s
c
he
me
,
T
i
s
th
e
b
l
oc
k
ti
me
of
t
he
propos
e
d
s
y
s
tem
.
I
n
th
e
f
i
r
s
t
i
nte
r
v
a
l
t
i
me
(
αT
)
,
where
α
i
s
the
T
S
fac
tor
α
∈
(
0,
1),
the
R
ha
r
v
es
ts
en
ergy
fr
o
m
the
S
.
Her
e
;
we
c
on
s
i
de
r
the
i
nte
r
f
erenc
e
n
oi
s
e
at
th
e
r
el
ay
n
od
e
wh
i
c
h
th
e
fac
t
or
f.
In
t
he
r
e
ma
i
ni
ng
i
nte
r
v
al
t
i
me
(
1
-
α)
T
,
the
i
nf
ormat
i
o
n
i
s
tr
an
s
f
err
ed
fr
o
m
the
S
to
R
an
d
D,
as
s
h
own
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
2.
A
l
l
the
f
ad
i
ng
c
ha
nn
e
l
s
from
S
t
o R
an
d
R to
D
are p
r
o
po
s
ed
as
th
e
Ral
ei
g
h f
a
di
ng
c
h
an
n
el
s
[1
6
-
20].
E
n
e
r
g
y
H
a
r
v
e
s
t
i
n
g
(
E
H
)
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
(
I
T
)
S
D
R
SR
h
RD
h
f
E
H
a
t
R
I
T
S
à
R
à
D
(
1
-
α
)
T
T
α
T
F
i
gu
r
e
1.
S
y
s
tem
m
od
el
F
i
gu
r
e
2.
T
h
e E
H an
d I
T
p
h
as
es
3.
S
ys
t
em
P
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e A
n
aly
si
s
T
he
r
ec
ei
v
e
d s
i
g
na
l
at
the
r
el
ay
c
an
be
ex
pres
s
ed
as
r
S
R
s
r
r
y
h
x
f
x
n
=
+
+
(
1
)
where
SR
h
i
s
the
c
ha
n
ne
l
c
oe
ff
i
c
i
en
t,
s
x
i
s
the
en
er
gy
s
y
mb
ol
wi
t
h
2
ss
xP
=
,
r
x
i
s
the
l
oo
pb
ac
k
i
nt
erfer
en
c
e
du
e
to
fu
l
l
-
d
up
l
ex
r
el
ay
i
n
g
an
d
s
at
i
s
fi
es
2
rr
xP
=
wher
e
•
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
◼
IS
S
N:
16
93
-
6
93
0
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
V
ol
.
17
,
No
.
6,
D
ec
em
b
er 20
19
:
27
6
4
-
2771
2766
de
no
tes
th
e
ex
pe
c
tat
i
on
op
erati
o
n,
r
n
i
s
th
e
z
ero
-
m
ea
n
a
dd
i
t
i
v
e
w
hi
t
e
G
a
us
s
i
an
no
i
s
e
(
A
W
G
N)
wi
th
v
ar
i
an
c
e
N
0
,
f
i
s
th
e
l
o
o
pb
ac
k
i
n
terfer
e
nc
e.
Mo
r
eo
v
er, t
he
en
ergy
ha
r
v
es
ti
ng
i
n
th
e
r
el
ay
c
an
b
e
c
om
pu
ted
as
2
2
(
1
)
1
s
S
R
h
r
s
S
R
Ph
E
P
k
P
h
T
=
=
=
−−
(
2
)
where
w
e d
en
ot
e
1
k
=
−
.
T
he
r
ec
ei
v
ed
s
i
gn
al
at
th
e
d
es
ti
n
ati
on
c
an
be
gi
v
en
as
d
R
D
r
d
y
h
x
n
=+
(
3
)
where
RD
h
i
s
t
he
c
ha
n
ne
l
c
oe
ff
i
c
i
en
t
a
nd
d
n
i
s
the
z
ero
-
me
a
n
A
W
G
N
wi
t
h
v
ar
i
an
c
e
N
0
.
In
th
i
s
pa
pe
r
,
we
c
on
s
i
de
r
t
he
hy
b
r
i
d
Dec
o
de
-
A
mp
l
i
fy
a
nd
f
orw
ard
(
HDAF)
protoc
o
l
.
In
th
e
A
F
pro
toc
o
l
,
the
r
e
l
ay
a
mp
l
i
f
i
es
th
e i
np
u
t
s
i
gn
a
l
by
a f
ac
tor
whi
c
h
i
s
gi
v
en
by
22
0
rr
r
S
R
s
r
xP
y
h
P
f
P
N
==
++
(
4
)
s
ub
s
ti
tut
i
n
g (4)
i
nto
(
3). F
i
n
al
l
y
,
we h
av
e
d
R
D
r
d
y
h
y
n
=+
(
5
)
Mo
r
eo
v
er,
the
n
s
u
bs
ti
t
uti
n
g
(
1)
i
nt
o
(
5),
the
r
ec
e
i
v
ed
s
i
gn
al
at
th
e
d
es
ti
n
ati
on
c
an
b
e
r
ewr
i
tte
n a
s
=
ℎ
+
=
ℎ
(
ℎ
+
+
)
+
=
ℎ
ℎ
⏟
ℎ
+
ℎ
+
⏟
(
6
)
a
fte
r
do
i
ng
s
om
e
a
l
ge
bra,
t
he
e
nd
to
en
d
s
i
g
na
l
t
o
i
nte
r
ferenc
e
n
oi
s
e
(
S
IN
R)
c
an
be
o
bta
i
n
ed
as
i
n [
21
]
22
2
2
2
2
2
0
0
2
s
S
R
R
D
AF
s
S
R
r
R
D
r
P
h
h
sig
n
a
l
f
S
I
NR
N
P
h
n
o
ise
P
h
N
Pf
==
++
(
7
)
s
ub
s
ti
tut
i
n
g (2)
i
nto
(
7),
the
en
d t
o e
nd
S
INR
at
th
e d
es
ti
na
ti
o
n c
an
be
r
e
formu
l
at
e
d a
s
22
2
2
2
2
2
1
S
R
R
D
AF
S
R
R
D
k
h
h
S
I
N
R
k
h
h
f
k
f
=
+
+
(
8
)
where
w
e d
en
ot
e
0
s
P
N
=
.
3.1.
DF
In
th
e DF
pro
toc
ol
, from
(
1) the
S
INR
at
t
he
r
e
l
ay
c
an
be
g
i
v
en
as
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
IS
S
N: 1
69
3
-
6
93
0
◼
Hy
brid
d
ec
od
e
-
a
mp
l
i
fy
an
d
forwar
d p
r
oto
c
o
l
of
F
D
E
H
r
el
ay
i
ng
…
(
V
a
n
-
Duc
P
ha
n
)
2767
22
2
2
2
2
00
1
s
S
R
s
S
R
R
r
s
S
R
P
h
P
h
S
I
N
R
P
f
N
k
P
h
f
N
k
f
=
=
++
(
9
)
f
r
om
(
3) th
e S
INR a
t th
e d
e
s
ti
na
t
i
on
c
an
b
e
ex
pres
s
ed
as
2
2
2
22
00
r
R
D
s
S
R
R
D
D
S
R
R
D
P
h
k
P
h
h
S
I
N
R
k
h
h
NN
=
=
=
(
10
)
3.2.
O
u
t
age
P
r
o
b
abilit
y
(
O
P
)
In
HD
A
F
prot
oc
ol
,
the
O
P
c
an
b
e d
e
fi
n
ed
as
fo
l
l
o
ws
(
)
(
)
P
r
P
r
H
D
A
F
R
D
F
R
A
F
O
P
S
I
N
R
O
P
S
I
N
R
O
P
=
+
(
11
)
w
he
r
e
DF
OP
and
AF
OP
are
th
e
o
uta
ge
proba
bi
l
i
t
i
es
i
n
c
as
e
of
D
F
an
d
A
F
m
od
es
,
r
es
pe
c
ti
v
el
y
,
and
2
21
R
=−
i
s
th
e
th
r
es
h
ol
d
of
t
he
s
y
s
tem
an
d R
i
s
th
e s
ou
r
c
e
r
ate
.
T
he
fi
r
s
t
t
erm
i
n
(
1
1)
de
f
i
n
es
tha
t
the
s
i
gn
al
at
th
e
r
el
ay
i
s
s
uc
c
es
s
ful
l
y
d
ec
od
ed
a
nd
op
erat
es
i
n
DF
m
od
e.
The t
erns
(
)
Pr
R
S
I
N
R
an
d
(
)
Pr
R
S
I
N
R
are r
es
pe
c
ti
v
e
l
y
gi
v
en
as
(
)
2
22
2
2
1
1
1
1
Pr
Pr
Pr
Pr
1
Pr
1
1
e
x
p
R
f
S
I
NR
k
k
k
kf
F
kk
=
=
=
=
−
=
−
=
−
(
12
)
where
w
e d
en
ot
e
2
2
f
=
and
f
i
s
th
e m
e
an
o
f th
e ran
do
m
v
aria
bl
e (R
V
)
2
f
.
S
i
mi
l
ar to
the
ab
ov
e c
as
e,
we h
av
e
(
)
(
)
P
r
1
P
r
1
e
x
p
f
RR
S
I
N
R
S
I
N
R
k
=
−
=
−
−
(
13
)
the
pro
ba
bi
l
i
ty
o
f o
p
erat
i
ng
i
n DF
mo
d
e i
s
gi
v
en
by
(
)
P
r
|
D
F
D
R
O
P
S
I
N
R
S
I
N
R
=
(
14
)
us
i
ng
the
l
aw
of
c
o
nd
i
ti
on
a
l
proba
bi
l
i
ty
, (1
4) c
an
be
r
ef
ormul
ate
d a
s
(
)
(
)
P
r
,
Pr
DR
DF
R
S
I
N
R
S
I
N
R
OP
S
I
N
R
=
(
15
)
S
i
nc
e
,
fr
om
(
9)
a
nd
(
1
0),
R
S
I
NR
a
nd
D
S
I
NR
are
i
nd
ep
e
nd
e
nt
of
ea
c
h
oth
er,
(
15
)
c
an
b
e
ob
ta
i
ne
d a
s
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
2
2
2
2
1
P
r
P
r
Pr
Pr
P
r
P
r
Pr
DR
D
F
D
R
S
R
R
D
S
R
R
D
SI
N
R
SI
N
R
OP
SI
N
R
SI
N
R
k
h
h
h
h
k
k
=
=
=
=
=
(
16
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
◼
IS
S
N:
16
93
-
6
93
0
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
V
ol
.
17
,
No
.
6,
D
ec
em
b
er 20
19
:
27
6
4
-
2771
2768
where
w
e d
en
ot
e
22
1
SR
R
D
hh
=
.
3.3.
R
ema
r
k
T
he
c
um
ul
a
ti
v
e
de
ns
i
ty
fu
n
c
ti
on
(
CDF
)
o
f
1
c
an
be
de
r
i
v
ed
as
(
)
(
)
1
22
22
1
22
22
0
0
(
)
Pr
Pr
Pr
|
(
)
1
RD
SR
sr
rd
S
R
R
D
S
R
R
D
h
h
R
D
R
D
x
y
y
rd
F
x
x
h
h
x
xx
h
F
h
y
f
y
d
y
hh
e
e
d
y
−
−
=
=
=
=
=
=−
(
17
)
where
sr
and
rd
are
t
he
me
an
o
f
R
V
2
SR
h
an
d
2
RD
h
,
r
es
pe
c
t
i
v
el
y
.
A
p
pl
y
eq
u
ati
on
(
3.3
24
,1)
of
the
t
ab
l
e o
f
i
n
teg
r
a
l
[
21
], (1
7) c
an
be
r
efo
r
m
ul
ate
d
as
(
)
1
1
(
)
1
2
2
s
r
r
d
s
r
r
d
F
x
x
K
x
=
−
(
18
)
where
()
v
K
•
i
s
the
mo
di
f
i
ed
B
es
s
el
fun
c
t
i
o
n
of
t
he
s
ec
o
nd
k
i
nd
an
d
v
th
order
.
A
p
pl
y
i
ng
(
18
)
an
d
r
ep
l
ac
e
x
k
=
, e
q
ua
t
i
o
n (16) c
an
be
o
bta
i
ne
d a
s
1
1
2
2
s
r
r
d
s
r
r
d
DF
O
P
K
kk
=
−
(
19
)
Nex
t,
we
w
i
l
l
f
i
nd
th
e
pr
ob
ab
i
l
i
ty
to
op
er
ate
i
n
A
F
mo
de
.
T
he
O
P
o
f
A
F
m
od
e
c
an
b
e
gi
v
en
as
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
Pr
,
Pr
|
Pr
Pr
A
F
R
A
F
A
F
R
R
R
S
I
NR
S
I
NR
O
P
S
I
NR
S
I
NR
S
I
NR
P
S
I
NR
=
=
=
(
20
)
where
(
)
P
r
,
A
F
R
P
S
I
N
R
S
I
N
R
=
.
F
r
om
(
8) a
nd
(
9),
w
e h
av
e
(
)
22
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
Pr
,
1
1
Pr
,
1
1
Pr
1
,
1
S
R
R
D
S
R
R
D
k
h
h
P
k
h
h
f
k
f
k
f
k
k
kk
k
k
k
k
=
+
+
=
+
+
=
−
+
=
(
21
)
s
ub
s
ti
tut
i
n
g
(
13
)
, (1
9) an
d (
21
)
i
n
to
(
1
1), the
O
P
of
HD
A
F
prot
oc
ol
c
a
n b
e c
l
a
i
me
d
as
1
1
1
2
2
1
e
xp
sr
rd
sr
rd
H
D
A
F
f
O
P
K
kk
k
=
−
+
−−
(
22
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
IS
S
N: 1
69
3
-
6
93
0
◼
Hy
brid
d
ec
od
e
-
a
mp
l
i
fy
an
d
forwar
d p
r
oto
c
o
l
of
F
D
E
H
r
el
ay
i
ng
…
(
V
a
n
-
Duc
P
ha
n
)
2769
4.
Nu
me
r
ica
l
Re
sult
s
and
Disc
u
s
sion
In
th
i
s
s
ec
ti
o
n,
we
i
nv
es
t
i
g
ate
t
he
i
nf
l
ue
nc
e
of
the
pri
ma
r
y
s
y
s
tem
pa
r
a
me
t
ers
s
uc
h
as
α,
ψ,
η,
a
nd
RF
r
o
o
n
the
O
P
of
th
e
prop
os
ed
m
od
e
l
s
y
s
tem
an
d
t
he
c
om
pa
r
i
s
o
n
of
the
A
F
,
DF
,
an
d
HD
A
F
m
od
es
on
the
s
y
s
tem
pe
r
form
an
c
e
[2
2
-
25
]
.
In
F
i
gu
r
e
3,
th
e
eff
ec
t
of
η
on
the
s
y
s
tem
O
P
i
s
p
l
ott
ed
.
I
n
th
i
s
c
as
e,
we
c
o
ns
i
de
r
t
hree
c
as
e
s
of
A
F
,
DF
,
an
d
HA
DF
mo
de
s
an
d
s
e
t
the
ma
i
n
s
y
s
tem
pa
r
a
m
ete
r
s
as
α
=
0.
8,
ψ
=
1
dB
,
a
nd
R
=
0.5
bp
s
/Hz
.
In
th
i
s
fi
gu
r
e
,
w
e
c
a
n
s
ee
tha
t
t
he
O
P
o
f
A
F
a
nd
DF
mo
de
s
h
av
e
a
s
l
i
gh
t
de
c
r
ea
s
e
the
i
nc
r
ea
s
es
wi
th
r
i
s
i
ng
α,
b
ut
th
e
O
P
of
the
HD
A
F
mo
d
e
ha
s
a
ten
d
en
c
y
de
c
r
ea
s
e
wi
t
h
r
i
s
i
ng
α.
It
c
an
be
o
bs
erv
ed
t
ha
t
the
HD
A
F
mo
de
ha
s
a
be
t
ter
s
y
s
tem
pe
r
f
ormanc
e
i
n
c
om
p
aris
on
w
i
th
t
he
bo
t
h
A
F
an
d
DF
mo
de
s
.
F
urthermor
e
,
t
he
i
nf
l
u
en
c
e
of
ψ
o
n
t
he
s
y
s
tem
O
P
i
s
i
l
l
us
tr
ate
d
i
n
F
i
g
ure
4
for
th
e
A
F
,
DF
,
an
d
HDAF
mo
de
s
.
Her
e
we
s
et
η
=
0.8
,
α
=
0.5
,
an
d
R
=
0.5
bp
s
/Hz
for
t
hi
s
mo
de
l
s
y
s
tem
.
A
g
ai
n
,
the
s
y
s
tem
O
P
of
a
l
l
t
hree
mo
de
s
s
i
g
ni
f
i
c
an
t
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
when
ψ
r
i
s
es
fr
om
0
to
50
dB
an
d
t
he
s
y
s
tem
O
P
i
n
HDAF
m
od
e
i
s
be
tte
r
tha
n
oth
e
r
c
as
es
.
In
F
i
gu
r
e
s
3
an
d
4,
a
l
l
s
i
m
ul
at
i
o
n
r
es
ul
ts
us
i
ng
Mo
nte
C
arlo
s
i
mu
l
at
i
on
i
s
t
he
s
a
me
w
i
th
th
e
an
a
l
y
ti
c
al
r
es
ul
ts
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er,
the
i
nf
l
ue
nc
e
o
f
R
a
nd
α
o
n
the
s
y
s
tem
O
P
i
s
da
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
ure
s
5
an
d
6,
r
es
pe
c
ti
v
el
y
.
I
n
t
he
s
e
F
i
g
ure
s
.,
we
i
nv
es
t
i
ga
t
e
a
l
l
A
F
,
DF
,
an
d
HDAF
c
as
es
wi
th
the
ma
i
n
pa
r
am
ete
r
s
ar
e
s
et
as
α
=
0.8
,
η
=
0.
8,
ψ
=
1
d
B
,
an
d
R
=
0
.5
bp
s
/Hz
.
F
r
om
th
e
r
es
ul
ts
,
we
c
an
s
ee
th
at
t
he
s
y
s
tem
O
P
i
n
HDAF
mo
d
e
i
s
a
l
o
t
o
f
b
ett
er
tha
n
i
n
A
F
an
d
DF
mo
d
es
.
T
he
n,
t
he
s
y
s
tem
O
P
i
nc
r
ea
s
es
w
i
th
r
i
s
i
ng
R
fr
o
m
0
to
7
an
d
de
c
r
ea
s
es
wi
t
h
r
i
s
i
ng
α
fr
om
0
to
1,
r
es
pe
c
ti
v
el
y
.
A
l
l
the
a
na
l
y
ti
c
al
r
es
ul
ts
ag
r
e
e
w
i
th
the
s
i
m
ul
a
ti
o
n
r
es
u
l
ts
us
i
ng
Mo
nte
Car
l
o s
i
mu
l
at
i
on
.
F
i
gu
r
e
3
.
O
P
v
ers
us
η
F
i
gu
r
e
4
.
O
P
v
ers
us
ψ
F
i
gu
r
e
5
.
O
P
v
ers
us
R
F
i
gu
r
e
6
.
O
P
v
ers
us
α
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
◼
IS
S
N:
16
93
-
6
93
0
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
V
ol
.
17
,
No
.
6,
D
ec
em
b
er 20
19
:
27
6
4
-
2771
2770
4.
Co
n
clus
ion
In
th
i
s
r
es
e
arc
h,
w
e
pro
p
os
e
a
nd
i
nv
es
t
i
ga
t
e
hy
bri
d
Dec
o
de
-
A
mp
l
i
fy
A
n
d
F
orw
ard
P
r
oto
c
o
l
(
HDAF)
of
th
e
F
ul
l
-
D
up
l
ex
(
F
D)
E
ne
r
gy
Har
v
es
ti
ng
(
E
H)
Re
l
ay
i
ng
Network
wi
th
the
T
i
me
S
wi
tc
h
i
n
g
(
T
S
)
p
r
oto
c
ol
.
I
n
the
be
g
i
n
ni
n
g
s
t
ag
e,
w
e
pres
en
t
the
H
DA
F
mo
de
,
whi
c
h
c
an
be
wor
k
l
i
k
e
a
Dec
od
e
-
and
-
A
mp
l
i
fy
(
DF
)
or
A
m
pl
i
fy
-
and
-
F
orw
ard
(
A
F
)
m
o
de
s
ba
s
e
d
o
n
the
be
s
t
of
i
ts
pe
r
form
an
c
e
i
n
th
e
F
D
E
H
r
e
l
ay
i
ng
ne
t
wor
k
.
F
urth
ermor
e
,
t
h
e
c
l
os
e
d
-
form
ex
pres
s
i
on
of
the
ou
ta
ge
pr
ob
ab
i
l
i
ty
(
O
T
)
i
s
an
a
l
y
z
ed
a
nd
de
r
i
v
ed
i
n
c
on
n
ec
ti
on
w
i
th
the
prim
ary
s
y
s
tem
pa
r
am
e
ters
.
A
l
s
o,
t
he
c
om
p
aris
on
of
th
e
s
y
s
tem
pe
r
for
ma
nc
e
i
n
t
he
A
F
,
DF
,
an
d
H
DA
F
i
s
prop
os
ed
an
d
i
nv
es
t
i
g
ate
d.
F
i
n
al
l
y
,
a
l
l
the
r
es
ul
ts
are
c
on
v
i
nc
ed
by
t
h
e
Mo
nte
Car
l
o
s
i
mu
l
ati
on
for
a
l
l
c
as
es
.
T
he
r
es
u
l
ts
c
a
n
prov
i
d
e
the
no
v
e
l
r
ec
om
m
en
da
t
i
on
fo
r
the
w
i
r
el
es
s
r
el
ay
i
ng
c
om
mu
ni
c
at
i
on
ne
t
wor
k
s
ho
r
tl
y
.
Ackno
w
ledg
men
t
s
T
hi
s
r
es
ea
r
c
h
was
s
up
p
ort
ed
by
Nat
i
on
al
K
ey
La
bo
r
at
ory
of
Di
g
i
ta
l
Con
tr
ol
a
nd
S
y
s
tem
E
ng
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g (DC
S
E
LA
B
)
, H
CMUT
,
V
NU
-
HC
M,
V
i
et
na
m.
Ref
er
en
ce
s
[1
]
Che
n
He,
Cha
o
Zh
a
i
,
Y
o
n
g
h
u
i
L
i
,
a
n
d
Bra
n
k
a
Vu
c
e
ti
c
.
Coo
p
e
ra
ti
v
e
Stra
te
g
i
e
s
fo
r
Wi
r
e
l
e
s
s
-
Po
wer
ed
Com
m
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s
:
An
Ov
e
rv
i
e
w.
IEEE
Wi
re
l
e
s
s
Co
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
.
0
8
2
0
1
8
;
25
(
4
):
1
1
2
-
1
9
.
[2
]
Yu
H,
L
e
e
H
,
J
e
o
n
H.
Wh
a
t
i
s
5
G
?
Em
e
rg
i
n
g
5
G
M
o
b
i
l
e
Se
rv
i
c
e
s
a
n
d
Net
work
Re
q
u
i
re
m
e
n
t
s
.
Su
s
ta
i
n
a
b
i
l
i
ty
.
2
0
1
7
;
9
:
1
8
4
8
.
[3
]
Sh
a
rm
a
V
,
Ka
r
m
a
k
a
r
P.
A
N
o
v
e
l
M
e
th
o
d
o
f
O
p
p
o
rtu
n
i
s
ti
c
Wi
re
l
e
s
s
En
e
r
g
y
Har
v
e
s
ti
n
g
i
n
Cog
n
i
ti
v
e
Rad
i
o
Net
wor
k
s
.
2
0
1
5
7
t
h
In
t
e
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Con
fe
r
e
n
c
e
o
n
Co
m
p
u
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
I
n
te
l
l
i
g
e
n
c
e
,
Co
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Sy
s
te
m
s
a
n
d
Ne
two
r
k
s
.
2
0
1
5
.
[4
]
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