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[
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8
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1
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s
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P
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[
1
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1
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Ho
w
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v
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m
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ex
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o
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[
1
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Fig
u
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3
(
c)
s
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3
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a)
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u
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,
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=
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=
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Fig
u
r
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s
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=
1
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5
5
m
w
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th
(
a)
in
p
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m
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o
f
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m
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b
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d
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3
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c)
(
d
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Fig
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[1
]
R.
Orta
,
P
.
S
a
v
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R.
T
a
sc
o
n
e
a
n
d
D.
T
rin
c
h
e
r
o
,
“
S
y
n
th
e
sis
o
f
m
u
lt
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le
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g
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re
so
n
a
to
r
f
il
ters
f
o
r
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p
ti
c
a
l
sy
te
m
,
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IEE
E
P
h
o
t
o
n
ics
T
e
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h
n
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g
y
L
e
tt
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l.
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,
p
p
.
1
4
4
7
-
1
4
4
9
,
1
9
9
5
.
[2
]
D.
G
.
Ra
b
u
s,
“
In
teg
ra
ted
Rin
g
Re
so
n
a
to
r:
T
h
e
Co
m
p
e
n
d
iu
m
,”
He
id
e
lb
e
rg
:
S
p
rin
g
e
r
-
Ver
la
g
,
2
0
0
7
.
[3
]
W
.
Bo
g
a
e
rts,
P
.
Du
m
o
n
,
D.
T
h
o
u
rh
o
u
t,
D.
T
a
il
lae
rt,
P
.
Ja
e
n
e
n
,
J
.
W
o
u
ters
,
S
.
Be
c
k
x
,
V
.
W
iau
x
a
n
d
R.
Ba
e
ts,
“
Co
m
p
a
c
t
w
a
v
e
len
g
th
-
se
lec
ti
v
e
fu
n
c
ti
o
n
s
in
sili
c
o
n
-
on
-
i
n
su
lato
r
p
h
o
t
o
n
ics
w
ires
,
”
IEE
E
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
e
lec
ted
T
o
p
ics
in
Qu
a
n
t
u
m E
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tro
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ics
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o
l.
1
2
,
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o
.
6
,
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.
1
3
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4
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1
4
0
1
,
2
0
0
6
.
[4
]
P
.
Du
m
o
n
,
W
.
Bo
g
a
e
rts,
V
.
W
iau
x
,
J.
W
o
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ters
,
S
.
Be
c
k
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,
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v
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n
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m
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e
n
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T
a
il
lae
rt,
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L
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y
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rt,
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.
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tsm
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n
,
D.
v
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n
T
h
o
u
rh
o
u
t
a
n
d
R.
Ba
e
ts,
“
L
o
w
-
lo
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OI
p
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n
ics
w
ires
a
n
d
rin
g
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ra
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Ph
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to
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p
.
1
3
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3
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,
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0
0
4
.
[5
]
J.
He
e
b
n
e
r,
R.
G
ro
v
e
r
a
n
d
T
.
A
.
Ib
ra
h
im
,
“
Op
ti
c
a
l
M
icro
re
so
n
a
t
o
r:
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h
e
o
r
y
,
F
a
b
rica
ti
o
n
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
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ti
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n
,”
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w
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rk
:
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p
rin
g
e
r
-
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la
g
,
p
p
.
74
-
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7
,
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0
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8
.
[6
]
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.
Bo
g
a
e
rts,
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.
D
.
He
y
n
,
T
.
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.
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h
,
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D.
V
o
s,
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.
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.
S
e
lv
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ra
ja,
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.
Clae
s,
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.
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m
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n
,
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.
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tsm
a
n
,
D.
V
.
T
h
o
u
rh
o
u
t
a
n
d
R.
Ba
e
ts,
“
S
il
ico
n
m
icro
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g
re
so
n
a
to
r,
”
L
a
se
r
a
n
d
Ph
o
t
o
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ics
Rev
iews
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l.
6
,
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o
.
1
,
p
p
.
4
7
-
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3
,
2
0
1
2
.
[7
]
S.
C.
Ha
g
n
e
ss
,
D.
Ra
f
iza
d
e
h
,
S
.
T
.
Ho
a
n
d
A
.
T
a
f
lo
v
e
,
“
F
DT
D
M
icro
c
a
v
it
y
S
im
u
latio
n
s:
De
sig
n
a
n
d
Ex
p
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rim
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tal
Re
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li
z
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ti
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n
o
f
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a
v
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u
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l
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d
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in
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le
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o
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e
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g
a
n
d
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isp
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rin
g
-
G
a
ll
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y
-
M
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d
e
Disk
Re
so
n
a
to
rs,”
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o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
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ig
h
twa
v
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T
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h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
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l
.
1
5
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
2
1
5
4
-
2
1
6
5
,
2
0
0
7
.
[8
]
W
.
Kh
u
n
n
a
m
,
J.
A
li
,
I.
S.
A
m
i
ri
F
.
H.
S
u
h
a
il
i
n
,
G
.
S
i
n
g
h
,
P
.
Yu
p
a
p
i
n
a
n
d
K.
T.
V.
G
ra
tt
a
n
,
“
M
o
d
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-
lo
c
k
e
d
se
lf
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p
u
m
p
in
g
a
n
d
sq
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e
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z
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g
p
h
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t
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s m
o
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in
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n
o
n
li
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e
a
r
m
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ri
n
g
re
so
n
a
to
r,
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a
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n
d
Qu
a
n
t
u
m E
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tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
5
0
,
2
0
1
8
.
[9
]
S
.
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ri
d
e
v
i,
K.
S.
V
a
su
,
S
.
A
so
k
a
n
a
n
d
A
.
K.
S
o
o
d
,
“
S
e
n
siti
v
e
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
o
f
C
-
re
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c
ti
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p
ro
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g
o
p
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c
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l
f
ib
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r
Bra
g
g
g
ra
ti
n
g
s,”
Bi
o
se
n
so
rs
a
n
d
Bi
o
e
lec
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l
.
6
5
,
p
p
.
2
5
1
-
2
5
6
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
0
]
R.
F
.
S
y
a
h
p
u
tra,
S
a
k
ti
o
t
o
,
R.
M
e
ri
,
S
y
a
m
su
d
h
u
h
a
a
n
d
Ok
f
a
li
sa
,
“
P
r
o
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e
o
f
sin
g
le
m
o
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f
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e
r
c
o
u
p
ler
c
o
m
b
in
in
g
w
it
h
Bra
g
g
g
ra
ti
n
g
,
”
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
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n
,
Co
m
p
u
t
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g
,
El
e
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tro
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ics
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n
d
Co
n
tro
l
,
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l.
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5
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o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
1
0
3
-
1
1
0
7
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
1
]
S.
M.
L
e
e
,
S.
S.
S
a
i
n
i
a
n
d
M
.
Y.
Je
o
n
g
,
“
S
im
u
lt
a
n
e
o
u
s
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
o
f
re
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r
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c
ti
v
e
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d
e
x
,
tem
p
e
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tu
re
,
a
n
d
stra
i
n
u
sin
g
e
tch
e
d
-
c
o
re
f
ib
e
r
Bra
g
g
g
r
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ti
n
g
se
n
so
rs,
”
IEE
E
Ph
o
to
n
ics
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
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l.
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,
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.
1
9
,
p
p
.
1
4
3
1
-
1
4
3
3
,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
2
]
A.
K.
S
a
r
k
a
leh
,
B.
V
.
L
a
h
ij
a
n
i,
H
.
S
a
b
e
rk
a
ri
a
n
d
A
.
Es
m
a
e
e
li
,
“
Op
ti
c
a
l
Rin
g
Re
so
n
a
to
rs:
A
P
latf
o
rm
f
o
r
Bio
lo
g
ica
l
S
e
n
sin
g
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
M
e
d
ica
l
S
i
g
n
a
ls
a
n
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n
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.
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p
p
.
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0
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.
[1
3
]
C.
L
i,
R.
Z
h
a
o
,
J.
T
a
n
g
,
M
.
X
ia,
H.
G
u
o
,
C.
Xie
,
L
.
W
a
n
g
a
n
d
J.
L
iu
,
“
Erb
iu
m
-
d
o
p
e
d
f
ib
e
r
ri
n
g
re
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n
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t
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re
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t
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e
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ti
c
a
l
g
y
ro
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
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ti
c
s Co
mm
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n
ica
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s
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l.
4
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2
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p
p
.
1
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0
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8
.
[1
4
]
D.
Ira
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n
,
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.
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k
ti
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to
,
J.
A
li
a
n
d
P
.
Y
u
p
a
p
in
,
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sig
n
o
f
M
a
c
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Bio
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o
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rs
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v
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l
.
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5
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[1
6
]
S.
W
.
Hu
a
n
g
,
J.
Ya
n
g
,
S
.
H.
Ya
n
g
,
M
.
Yu
,
D.
L
.
Kw
o
n
g
,
T
.
Zel
e
v
in
sk
y
,
M
.
Ja
rr
a
h
i
a
n
d
C.
W
.
W
o
n
g
,
“
G
lo
b
a
ll
y
S
tab
le
M
icro
re
so
n
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t
o
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u
ri
n
g
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a
tt
e
rn
F
o
rm
a
ti
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f
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t
Hig
h
-
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r
T
Hz
Ra
d
iatio
n
On
-
Ch
ip
,
”
Ph
y
sic
a
l
Rev
iew X
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
7
]
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.
W
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n
g
,
J.
W
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n
g
,
S
.
W
a
n
g
,
H.
Ya
n
g
a
n
d
Y.
L
iao
,
“
S
p
e
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tru
m
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w
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a
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icro
f
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rin
g
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n
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a
n
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ic
a
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l.
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4
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4
.
[1
8
]
M
.
A
a
m
e
r,
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.
M
.
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ti
é
rre
z
,
A
.
Bri
m
o
n
t
a
n
d
P
.
S
a
n
c
h
is
,
“
Ri
n
g
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so
n
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to
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stru
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tu
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ti
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ti
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P
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.
[1
9
]
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.
Ba
h
a
d
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ra
n
a
n
d
I.
S
.
Am
iri
,
“
Do
u
b
le
c
rit
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o
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p
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ri
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n
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se
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a
d
d
–
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ro
p
f
il
ter
,
"
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
T
h
e
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re
ti
c
a
l
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
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d
Ph
y
sic
s
,
v
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l.
1
3
,
p
p
.
213
--
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0
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0
1
9
.
[2
0
]
H.
Zh
a
n
g
,
L.
Zh
o
u
,
J.
Xu
,
L.
L
u
,
J.
Ch
e
n
a
n
d
B.
M
.
Ra
h
m
a
n
,
“
A
ll
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ti
c
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it
h
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p
h
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se
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g
e
m
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teria
l
,”
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ti
c
s L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
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l.
43
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n
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p
p
.
5
5
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.
[2
1
]
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.
Du
lk
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it
h
,
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.
Xia
,
L
.
S
c
h
a
re
s,
W
.
M
.
J.
G
re
e
n
a
n
d
Y
.
A
.
V
las
o
v
,
“
G
ro
u
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a
n
d
g
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o
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on
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su
lat
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r
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t
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ic w
ire
s
,”
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ti
c
s E
x
p
re
ss
,
v
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l.
1
4
,
n
o
.
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9
,
p
p
.
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.
[2
2
]
T.
Da
i,
A.
S
h
e
n
,
G.
W
a
n
g
,
Y.
W
a
n
g
,
Y.
L
i,
X.
Jia
n
g
a
n
d
J.
Y
a
n
g
,
“
Ba
n
d
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th
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n
d
w
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v
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le
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ti
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l
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a
ss
b
a
n
d
f
il
ter b
a
se
d
o
n
si
li
c
o
n
m
u
lt
ip
le m
icro
rin
g
re
so
n
a
to
r,
”
O
p
ti
c
s L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
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l.
4
1
,
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o
.
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0
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p
p
.
4
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0
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8
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0
,
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0
1
6
.
[2
3
]
G.
K.
Bh
a
rti
,
U.
B
isw
a
s
a
n
d
J.
K.
Ra
k
sh
it
,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
m
icro
-
rin
g
re
so
n
a
to
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b
a
se
d
a
ll
o
p
t
ica
l
u
n
iv
e
rsa
l
re
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
b
le
lo
g
ic circ
u
it
,
”
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t
o
e
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
A
d
v
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n
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e
d
M
a
teria
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v
o
l.
1
3
,
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o
.
7
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8
,
p
p
.
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-
4
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4
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
4
]
T
.
S
a
k
ti
o
to
,
R.
F
.
S
y
a
h
p
u
tra,
S
.
P
u
n
t
h
a
w
a
n
u
n
t,
J.
A
li
a
n
d
P
.
Y
u
p
a
p
i
n
,
“
G
Hz
f
re
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u
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y
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terin
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sin
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h
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l
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ta
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teria
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sp
li
tt
in
g
ri
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g
re
so
n
a
to
rs,”
M
icr
o
wa
v
e
a
n
d
Op
ti
c
a
l
T
e
c
h
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rs
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l.
5
9
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p
.
1
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3
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3
4
0
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
5
]
S
.
K.
P
a
tel
,
S
.
L
a
v
a
d
iy
a
,
Y.
P
.
Ko
s
ta,
M
.
Ko
sta
,
T
.
K.
Ng
u
y
e
n
a
n
d
V.
Dh
a
sa
ra
th
a
n
,
“
Nu
m
e
rica
l
in
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
o
f
li
q
u
id
m
e
ta
m
a
t
e
rial
-
b
a
se
d
su
p
e
rstra
te m
icro
strip
ra
d
i
a
ti
n
g
stru
c
t
u
re
,
”
Ph
y
sic
a
B:
Co
n
d
e
n
se
d
M
a
tt
e
r
,
v
o
l
.
5
8
5
,
2
0
2
0
.
[2
6
]
H.
A
.
A
t
a
ll
a
h
,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
m
e
t
a
m
a
teria
l
-
b
a
se
d
b
a
n
d
sto
p
f
il
ters
u
sin
g
c
o
m
p
le
m
e
n
tar
y
sp
li
t
rin
g
re
so
n
a
to
rs,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
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c
h
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o
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y
,
v
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l
.
2
8
,
n
o
.
1
6
,
p
p
.
1
7
3
0
-
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7
3
9
,
2
0
1
9
.
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