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:
R
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26
,
2019
R
ev
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pr
17,
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Li
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[1
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5]
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[
13
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.
T
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[
14
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16]
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21]
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[
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lity
a
s
w
e
ll a
s
c
r
e
d
ib
ility
in
b
o
o
s
tin
g
th
e
C
R
I
a
n
d
o
th
e
r
o
p
tic
a
l p
r
o
p
e
r
tie
s
,
w
hi
c
h
i
s
c
onc
e
r
ne
d by t
he
m
aj
o
r
i
t
y
o
f
r
es
each
er
s
.
H
o
w
ev
er
,
i
t
s
eem
s
t
h
at
t
h
e r
es
ear
ch
r
an
g
e
i
s
i
n
s
u
f
f
i
cen
t
as
t
h
e co
l
o
r
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
i
t
y
i
s
ne
gl
e
c
t
e
d i
n t
hos
e
r
e
s
e
a
c
he
s
a
nd onl
y t
he
s
i
ngl
e
-
c
hi
p L
E
D
a
r
e
s
t
udi
e
d,
t
hus
,
m
a
ki
ng
t
he
s
e
r
e
s
ul
t
s
be
c
om
e
obs
ol
e
t
e
i
n W
L
E
D
w
i
t
h
h
i
g
h
co
r
r
el
at
ed
co
l
o
r
t
em
p
er
at
u
r
es
.
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
t
o
pe
r
f
e
c
t
t
he
m
i
s
s
i
ng poi
nt
,
t
hi
s
pa
pe
r
r
e
por
t
s
t
he
gr
ow
t
h
of
c
ol
or
un
i
f
or
m
i
t
y a
nd
lu
min
o
u
s
f
lu
x
in
mu
lti
-
ch
i
p
s
WL
E
D
w
i
t
h
g
r
een
Ca
2
La
2
BO
6
.5
:P
b
2+
phos
phor
c
om
pone
nt
s
.
W
i
t
h
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
p
ar
am
et
er
s
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
een
Ca
2
La
2
BO
6
.5
:P
b
2+
phos
p
hor
,
t
he
c
ol
or
uni
f
o
r
m
i
t
y
a
nd
l
i
ght
i
ng
pe
r
f
o
r
m
a
nc
e
w
i
l
l
e
nha
nc
e
a
c
c
or
di
ngl
y.
T
he
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h i
nc
l
ude
bui
l
di
ng t
he
s
i
m
ua
l
t
i
on of
t
he
W
L
E
D
us
e
d i
n t
he
e
xpe
r
i
e
m
e
nt
s
,
m
e
a
s
ur
i
ng t
he
c
ha
nge
s
t
ha
t
g
r
een
Ca
2
La
2
BO
6
.5
:P
b
2+
phos
phor
i
nf
l
i
c
t
s
o
n t
he
l
i
ght
i
ng
pr
ope
r
t
i
e
s
o
f
W
L
E
D
w
i
t
h t
he
m
a
t
he
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
e
qua
t
i
ons
a
nd f
i
na
l
l
y a
na
l
yz
i
ng t
he
r
e
s
ul
t
s
t
o c
om
e
up w
i
t
h a
s
e
t
up t
ha
t
c
a
n
a
c
hi
e
ve
o
p
tima
l e
f
f
ic
ie
n
c
y
.
T
h
e
s
u
mma
r
y
o
f
th
e
r
e
s
u
lts
c
o
n
f
ir
m
th
a
t u
s
in
g
th
e
mix
tu
r
e
o
f
g
r
een
Ca
2
La
2
BO
6
.5
:P
b
2+
phos
phor
a
nd ye
l
l
ow
YAG:
C
e
3+
phos
phor
be
ne
f
i
t
t
he
c
ol
or
qua
l
i
t
y
a
nd l
um
e
n
out
put
o
f
W
L
E
D
.
2.
P
RE
P
ARAT
I
O
N P
RO
CE
S
S
AND S
I
M
UL
AT
I
NG
W
L
E
D
2.
1.
P
rep
a
ra
t
i
o
n
o
f
g
reen
C
a
2
La
2
BO
6
.5
:P
b
2+
ph
o
s
pho
r
T
he
phos
phor
e
m
pl
oye
d
i
n
t
he
e
xpe
r
i
m
e
nt
s
t
o
e
nha
nc
e
t
he
opt
i
c
a
l
pr
ope
r
t
i
e
s
of
W
L
E
D
i
s
g
r
e
e
n
phos
phor
Ca
2
La
2
BO
6
.5
:P
b
2+
.
T
hi
s
phos
phor
e
m
i
t
s
a
pa
l
e
ye
l
l
ow
-
gr
e
e
n l
i
ght
c
ol
or
a
nd
t
he
e
m
i
s
s
i
on pe
a
k
of
2.
28e
V
.
T
he
c
he
m
i
c
a
l
c
om
pos
i
t
i
ons
o
f
g
r
een
phos
phor
Ca
2
La
2
BO
6
.5
:P
b
2+
i
s
p
r
es
en
t
ed
i
n
T
ab
l
e 1
.
T
o
cr
eat
e
t
h
e b
es
t
q
u
al
i
t
y
g
r
een
C
a
2
La
2
BO
6
.5
:P
b
2+
phos
phor
,
t
h
e
m
an
u
f
act
u
r
i
n
g
p
r
o
ces
s
m
u
s
t
accu
r
at
t
h
e
ex
act
o
r
d
er
as
f
ol
l
ow
:
F
i
r
s
t
,
m
i
x a
l
l
t
he
i
ngr
e
di
e
nt
s
by g
r
i
ndi
ng o
r
m
i
l
i
ng unt
i
l
l
t
he
y m
i
xe
d
w
e
l
l
.
T
he
i
ngr
e
di
e
nt
s
c
o
m
pound
i
s
pl
a
c
e
d on t
he
ope
n qua
r
t
z
boa
t
s
a
nd
f
i
r
e
d
a
t
a
ppr
oxi
m
a
t
e
l
y 500
°
C
,
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
t a
f
te
r
f
ir
in
g
w
ill b
e
s
o
lid
if
ie
d
,
w
a
it u
n
t
i
l
i
t
c
ool
dow
n a
nd be
gi
n t
o
po
w
de
r
i
z
e
.
A
f
t
e
r
t
ha
t
,
put
t
he
i
ngr
e
di
e
nt
s
i
n a
c
a
ppe
d qua
r
t
z
tu
b
e
f
ille
d
w
ith
N
2
a
n
d
b
e
g
in
to
f
ir
e
,
th
is
time
a
t
1
0
0
0
°C
f
or
a
n
hour
,
a
nd
r
e
pe
a
t
t
he
pow
de
r
i
z
i
ng
s
t
e
p.
K
e
e
p
put
t
i
ng t
he
pr
oduc
t
f
r
om
t
he
pr
e
vi
ous
i
n c
a
ppe
d qua
r
t
z
tu
b
e
f
ille
d
w
ith
N
2
a
n
d
f
i
r
e
o
n
e
mo
r
e
time
,
th
i
s
time
a
t
1200
°C
f
or
a
not
he
r
hour
.
T
he
f
i
na
l
p
r
oduc
t
s
houl
d be
ke
pt
i
n
s
e
a
l
e
d c
ont
a
i
ne
r
unt
i
l
us
e
t
o
pr
e
ve
nt
c
ont
a
m
i
na
t
i
on.
T
a
bl
e
1.
T
he
c
he
m
i
c
a
l
c
om
pos
i
t
i
on of
gr
e
e
n
phos
p
hor
Ca
2
La
2
BO
6
.5
:P
b
2+
I
ngr
e
di
e
nt
M
o
le
%
B
y w
e
i
ght
(
g)
Ca
CO
3
198
198
La
2
O
3
200 (
of
L
a
)
326
Pb
O
2
4.6
H
3
BO
3
105
65
2.
2.
MC
-
WL
E
D
s
s
i
m
u
l
at
i
on
F
i
gur
e
1
(
a
)
de
m
ons
t
r
a
t
e
t
he
W
L
E
D
phys
i
c
a
l
m
ode
l
t
ha
t
a
r
e
m
a
de
f
or
t
he
e
xpe
r
i
m
e
nt
s
i
n
t
hi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
.
F
ig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
lis
ts
in
d
e
ta
il
a
ll th
e
in
f
o
r
ma
tio
n
r
e
la
te
to
te
c
h
n
ic
a
l
p
a
r
a
me
te
r
s
o
f
th
e
W
L
E
D
,
a
n
d
F
i
gur
e
1
(
c
)
s
how
s
t
he
c
r
os
s
-
s
e
c
t
i
on of
t
he
dua
l
-
r
e
m
ot
e
phos
phor
W
L
E
D
di
a
gr
a
m
.
U
s
i
ng t
he
M
on
t
e
C
a
r
l
o
m
e
t
hod a
nd
opt
i
c
a
l
e
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng
s
of
t
w
a
r
e
L
i
ght
T
ool
s
8
.
1.
0
,
w
e
c
ons
t
r
uc
t
e
d
t
he
W
L
E
D
s
imu
la
t
io
n
.
T
h
e
WL
E
D
h
av
e r
ef
l
ect
o
r
s
m
eas
u
r
i
n
g
8x2
.
07x9.
85
mm
i
n t
he
bot
t
om
,
s
i
de
,
a
nd
t
op,
r
e
s
pe
c
t
i
ve
l
y.
T
he
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
or
s
hol
d 9 c
hi
ps
t
ha
t
a
r
e
e
m
be
dde
d i
nt
o t
he
ga
ps
on t
he
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
or
s
,
e
a
c
h c
hi
p i
s
0.
15 m
m
i
n he
i
ght
,
1
.
14
m
m
2
b
as
e
a
r
e
a
a
nd a
c
hi
e
ve
s
hi
ghe
s
t
i
nt
e
ns
i
t
y o
f
1
.
16
W
a
t
4
53 nm
.
A
bove
t
he
c
hi
ps
i
s
a
0
.
08
m
m
t
hi
c
k
phos
phor
l
a
ye
r
c
ont
a
i
ni
ng
phos
phor
pa
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
w
i
t
h
a
n
a
ve
r
a
ge
of
1
4.
5
μ
m
in
d
ia
me
te
r
.
T
h
e
s
imu
la
tio
n
o
f
th
e
M
C
W
-
L
E
D
be
gi
ns
w
i
t
h
m
i
x
i
ng t
he
phos
phor
s
w
i
t
h
t
he
f
l
a
t
s
i
l
i
c
one
l
a
ye
r
s
a
nd
t
he
n a
ppl
i
e
d
t
o
t
he
W
L
E
D
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
a
nd
be
gi
n t
h
e
m
a
nuf
a
c
t
ur
i
ng
pr
oc
e
s
s
.
A
f
t
e
r
t
he
m
a
nuf
a
c
t
ur
i
ng
pr
oc
e
s
s
,
p
r
o
ceed
t
o
ev
al
u
at
e WL
E
D
s
qua
l
i
t
y by
c
om
pa
r
i
n
g t
he
i
r
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
s
w
he
n di
s
t
i
nc
t
c
ol
o
r
t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
ur
e
s
a
nd
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
l
e
ve
l
s
of
phos
phor
c
onc
e
nt
r
a
t
i
on.
I
n t
hi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h,
t
he
gr
e
e
n phos
phor
C
a
2
La
2
BO
6
.5
:P
b
2+
a
nd t
he
a
ve
r
a
ge
c
or
r
e
l
a
t
e
d c
ol
or
t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
ur
e
s
of
6600 K
a
nd 7700 K
a
r
e
c
hos
e
n a
s
s
p
e
c
ime
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
s
u
lts
f
r
o
m th
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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E
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el
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m
m
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om
put
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o
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9
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5
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2021
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-
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e
xpe
r
i
m
e
nt
s
houl
d r
e
ve
a
l
t
he
i
m
pa
c
t
s
of
t
he
gr
e
e
n phos
phor
C
a
2
La
2
BO
6
.5
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b
2+
on
t
he
opt
i
c
a
l
p
r
op
e
r
t
i
e
s
of
WL
E
D
an
d
s
er
v
e as
a ad
j
u
s
t
m
en
s
T
h
e r
es
u
l
t
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
i
s
ex
p
er
i
m
en
t
s
h
o
u
l
d
r
ev
eal
t
h
e i
m
p
act
s
o
f
t
h
e g
r
een
phos
phor
C
a
2
La
2
BO
6
.5
:P
b
2+
on t
he
opt
i
c
a
l
p
r
ope
r
t
i
e
s
of
W
L
E
D
a
nd s
e
r
ve
a
s
a
a
dj
us
t
m
e
ns
gui
dl
i
ne
f
or
be
t
t
e
r
lig
h
tin
g
q
u
a
lity
.
L
ead
f
r
am
e:
4
.
7
m
m
J
en
t
ech
S
i
ze
-
S
L
E
D
c
hi
p:
V
45H
D
ie
a
tta
c
h
: S
u
mito
mo
1
2
9
5
S
A
G
o
ld
W
ir
e
: 1
.
0
mi
l
P
hos
phor
:
I
T
C
N
Y
A
G
4_E
L
(
a)
(
b)
(
c)
F
ig
ur
e
1.
I
l
l
us
t
r
a
t
i
on of
phos
phor
-
c
onve
r
t
e
d M
C
W
-
L
E
D
s
a
s
dopi
ng C
a
2
La
2
BO
6
.5
:P
b
2+
:
(a
)
t
h
e act
u
al
M
C
W
-
LE
D
s
, (
b
)
i
t
s
p
ar
am
et
er
s
,
an
d
(
c)
d
u
al
-
r
e
m
ot
e
phos
phor
ge
om
e
t
r
y
3.
CO
M
P
UT
AT
I
O
N AND DI
S
CUS
S
I
O
N
F
i
r
s
t
,
w
e an
al
y
ze t
h
e em
i
s
s
i
o
n
s
p
ect
r
a o
f
M
C
W
-
L
E
D
s
w
i
t
h
t
h
e p
r
es
en
ce o
f
g
r
een
Ca
2
La
2
BO
6
.5
:P
b
2
+
phos
phor
w
i
t
h t
he
r
e
s
ul
t
s
e
xpr
e
s
s
e
d i
n F
i
gur
e
2
.
T
he
s
e
r
e
s
ut
l
s
ar
e m
eas
u
r
ed
f
r
o
m
WL
E
D
s
t
h
at
em
p
l
o
y
ed
t
h
e
phos
phor
c
om
pound of
Ca
2
La
2
BO
6
.5
:P
b
2+
,
YAG:
C
e
3+
p
a
r
tic
le
s
,
mix
e
d
in
th
e
s
ilic
o
n
e
g
lu
e
.
T
h
e
p
a
r
a
me
te
r
s
o
f
phos
phor
pa
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
m
us
t
m
a
t
c
h t
he
p
r
e
de
t
e
r
m
i
ne
d va
l
ue
s
m
e
nt
i
one
d on t
he
p
r
e
vi
ous
pa
r
t
b
e
f
or
e
t
he
ex
p
er
i
m
en
t
s
.
O
n
ce
t
h
e
m
eas
u
r
em
en
t
s
ar
e co
r
r
ec
t
an
d
t
h
e
r
ef
r
act
i
v
e i
n
d
ex
o
f
Ca
2
La
2
BO
6
.5
:P
b
2+
p
ar
t
i
cl
es
,
YAG:
C
e
3+
pa
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
,
a
nd t
he
s
i
l
i
c
one
gl
ue
a
r
e
e
xa
c
t
l
y 1.
85
,
1
.
83,
a
nd
1.
52
r
e
s
pe
c
t
i
ve
l
y,
t
he
n
t
he
c
a
l
c
ul
a
t
i
on of
e
m
i
s
s
i
on s
pe
c
t
r
a
i
n W
L
E
D
s
c
a
n pr
oc
e
e
d.
F
r
om
F
i
gur
e
2,
w
hi
c
h
t
he
e
m
i
s
s
i
on s
pe
c
t
r
a
of
t
he
dua
l
-
r
em
o
t
e
phos
phor
c
om
poundi
ng
w
i
t
h 10
%
Ca
2
La
2
BO
6
.5
:
Pb
2+
a
t
6600
K
a
nd
7700
K
A
C
C
T
s
,
t
he
s
pe
c
t
r
um
i
nt
e
ns
i
t
y
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
s
i
n s
e
ve
r
a
l
r
e
gi
ons
.
I
n
pa
r
t
i
c
ul
a
r
,
a
t
bot
h
6600 K
a
nd 7700
K
,
t
he
e
m
i
s
s
i
on s
pe
c
t
r
a
a
t
430
–
480 nm
wa
ve
l
e
ngt
h a
nd 500
–
630 nm
w
a
ve
ke
ngt
h i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
s
.
T
hi
s
f
i
ndi
ng e
nt
a
i
l
s
t
ha
t
t
he
l
um
i
nous
f
l
ux o
f
MC
W
-
L
E
D
s
c
a
n be
e
nha
nc
e
by us
i
ng C
a
2
La
2
BO
6
.5
:P
b
2+
phos
phor
i
n t
he
phos
phor
c
om
pound.
F
ig
ur
e
2
.
E
mis
s
io
n
s
p
ect
r
a o
f
MC
W
-
L
E
D
s
a
t
6600 K
a
nd 7700
K
C
C
T
s
W
LE
D
N
e
xt
,
m
e
a
s
ur
i
ng ot
he
r
opt
i
c
a
l
pr
ope
r
t
i
e
s
o
f
t
he
p
hos
phor
c
om
pound i
n
M
C
W
-
L
E
D
w
oul
d r
e
qui
r
e
s
t
h
e v
al
u
e o
f
s
cat
t
er
i
n
g
co
ef
f
i
ci
en
t
μ
s
ca
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
w
e cal
cu
l
at
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t
h
e
s
cat
t
er
i
n
g
co
ef
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i
ci
en
t
(
S
C
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μ
s
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t
h
e
w
a
ve
l
e
ngt
h,
a
nd
Ca
2
La
2
BO
6
.5
:P
b
2+
pa
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
s
i
z
e
by a
ppl
yi
ng M
i
e
-
t
he
or
y i
n t
he
(
1)
[
23
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-
[
25]
.
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(
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T
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T
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m
m
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n
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om
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l
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o
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ect
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d
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s
c
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i
s
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r
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i
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s
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te
s
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e
s
c
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tte
r
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g
p
o
w
e
r
a
n
d
(
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s
e
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s
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n
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te
n
s
ity
.
F
i
g
u
r
e 3
d
em
o
n
s
t
r
at
es
t
h
e
s
cat
t
er
i
n
g
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ef
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i
ci
e
n
t
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S
C
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o
f
WL
E
D
w
h
en
t
h
er
e
i
s
p
r
es
en
ce o
f
Ca
2
La
2
BO
6
.5
:P
b
2+
phos
phor
.
A
c
c
or
di
ng
t
o
t
hi
s
fi
g
u
re
,
Ca
2
La
2
BO
6
.5
:P
b
2+
phos
phor
c
onc
e
nt
r
a
t
i
on
i
s
t
he
m
a
i
n
f
act
o
r
t
h
at
cau
s
e f
l
u
ct
u
at
i
o
n
i
n
t
h
e s
cat
t
er
i
n
g
co
ef
f
i
ci
en
t
an
d
t
h
at
i
t
can
al
s
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e t
h
e co
l
o
r
q
u
al
i
t
y
as
p
ect
i
n
I
P
G
an
d
C
P
G
s
t
r
u
ct
u
r
es
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n
p
ar
t
i
cu
l
ar
,
t
h
e s
cat
t
e
r
i
n
g
co
ef
f
i
ci
en
t
al
w
ay
s
i
n
cr
eas
e w
h
en
t
h
e co
n
cen
t
r
at
i
o
n
o
f
phos
phor
r
i
s
e
s
,
t
hi
s
t
r
e
nd
i
s
s
t
r
onge
r
w
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n a
t
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nm
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R
e
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r
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e
s
s
of
t
he
pa
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
s
i
z
e
of
phos
phor
pa
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
r
e
m
a
i
n
a
t
1
μ
m
t
h
r
ougho
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t
he
e
xpe
r
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m
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nt
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t
he
s
c
a
t
t
e
r
i
ng
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oe
f
f
i
c
i
e
nt
ach
i
ev
ed
i
s
c
ons
i
s
t
e
nt
l
y hi
ghe
r
w
i
t
h
m
or
e
phos
phor
c
onc
e
nt
r
a
t
i
on a
nd r
e
s
ul
t
s
i
n
be
t
t
e
r
c
ol
or
uni
f
or
m
i
t
y.
O
n
t
he
ot
he
r
ha
nd,
w
he
n
t
he
phos
phor
pa
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
i
s
a
t
7
μ
m
,
t
he
S
C
i
s
m
o
r
e
s
t
a
bl
e
r
e
ga
r
dl
e
s
s
of
t
he
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
i
n
Ca
2
La
2
BO
6
.5
:P
b
2+
c
onc
e
nt
r
a
t
i
on.
T
hi
s
ph
e
nom
e
no
n
be
ne
f
i
t
s
t
he
c
ol
or
qua
l
i
t
y
s
c
a
l
e
(
C
Q
S
)
,
t
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
7
μ
m
phos
phor
pa
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
i
s
t
he
s
ui
t
a
bl
e
c
hoi
c
e
f
or
W
L
E
D
t
ha
t
f
oc
us
on i
m
pr
ovi
ng
t
he
c
ol
or
qua
l
i
t
y
.
T
he
s
e
r
e
s
ul
t
s
c
onf
i
r
m
s
t
ha
t
W
L
E
D
s
l
i
ght
i
ng
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nc
y
i
s
i
nf
l
u
e
nc
e
s
by bot
h t
he
c
onc
e
nt
r
a
t
i
on a
nd
p
a
r
tic
le
s
d
ia
me
te
r
o
f
Ca
2
La
2
BO
6
.5
:P
b
2+
phos
phor
.
T
he
s
e
pr
ope
r
t
i
e
s
of
C
a
2
La
2
BO
6
.5
:P
b
2
+
phos
phor
c
a
n be
f
r
e
e
l
y a
l
t
e
r
e
d by t
he
ma
n
u
f
a
c
tu
r
e
r
s
imp
lie
s
th
a
t
C
a
2
La
2
BO
6
.5
:P
b
2+
i
s
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
ve
i
n
e
nha
nc
i
ng l
um
i
nous
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nc
y a
n
d c
ol
or
uni
f
or
m
i
t
y
of
W
L
E
D
s
.
(
a)
(
b)
F
ig
ur
e
3.
T
he
c
om
put
e
d va
l
ue
s
of
(
a
)
s
cat
t
er
i
n
g
co
ef
f
i
ci
en
t
s
an
d
(
b
)
s
cat
t
er
i
n
g
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ect
i
o
n
of
phos
phor
c
om
poundi
ng
T
o
en
s
u
r
e t
h
e co
n
s
i
s
t
en
cy
o
f
t
h
e r
es
ear
ch
,
t
h
e av
er
ag
e co
r
r
el
at
ed
co
l
o
r
t
em
p
er
at
u
r
es
m
u
s
t
b
e k
ep
t
i
n
6600
K
a
nd
7700 K
.
B
y
doi
ng
t
hi
s
,
w
e
c
a
n f
oc
us
on f
i
ndi
ng
t
he
s
ol
ut
i
on
s
ui
t
a
bl
e
f
or
upgdr
a
di
ng
t
he
l
i
ght
i
ng
p
r
o
p
er
t
i
es
f
o
r
a
s
p
eci
f
i
c
t
y
p
e o
f
WL
E
D
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
y
el
l
o
w
YAG:
C
e
3+
phos
phor
a
nd
gr
e
e
n
Ca
2
La
2
BO
6
.5
:P
b
2+
phos
phor
c
onc
e
nt
r
a
t
i
ons
m
us
t
c
or
r
e
s
pongdi
ng t
o e
a
c
h
o
th
e
r
to
ma
in
ta
in
th
e
A
C
C
T
s
a
t a
s
u
ita
b
le
in
d
e
x
.
T
h
is
r
e
s
ul
t
of
phos
phor
c
onc
e
nt
r
a
t
i
ons
ba
l
a
nc
e
i
n W
L
E
D
i
s
a
c
hi
e
va
bl
e
a
nd de
m
ons
t
r
a
t
e
d i
n
(
5
).
∑
=
ℎ
ℎ
+
+
ow
−
ℎ
ℎ
=
100%
(
5)
W
ith
,
ℎ
ℎ
,
an
d
−
ℎ
ℎ
a
r
e
pr
opor
t
i
on o
f
w
e
i
ght
i
n t
he
phos
phor
c
om
pound t
a
ke
up by
t
he
s
i
l
i
c
one
gl
ue
,
t
h
e
y
e
l
l
o
w YAG:
C
e
3+
phos
phor
,
a
nd
g
r
een
C
a
2
La
2
BO
6
.5
:P
b
2+
phos
phor
.
I
n t
h
i
s
f
or
m
ul
a
r
,
t
he
a
m
ount
of
ye
l
l
ow
phos
phor
m
us
t
de
c
l
i
ne
i
f
m
or
e
g
r
e
e
n C
a
2
La
2
BO
6
.5
:P
b
2+
i
s
a
dde
d i
nt
o t
he
c
om
pound
t
o m
a
i
nt
a
i
n
t
he
o
r
i
gi
na
l
m
a
s
s
c
ount
e
xpr
e
s
s
e
d a
s
100%
.
W
he
n c
onc
e
r
ni
ng t
he
l
i
ght
i
ng
pe
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce o
f
W
L
E
D
,
t
h
e
an
g
l
e co
l
o
r
d
ev
i
at
i
o
n
i
s
al
s
o
a d
eci
d
i
n
g
f
a
c
t
or
.
I
n
F
i
gu
r
e
4,
t
he
va
l
ue
s
f
l
uc
t
ua
t
e
w
he
n
t
he
r
e
i
s
gr
e
e
n phos
phor
Ca
2
La
2
BO
6
.5
:P
b
2+
i
n M
C
W
-
L
E
D
,
m
o
r
e
s
pe
c
i
f
i
c
a
l
l
y,
t
he
gr
ow
t
h
of
Ca
2
La
2
BO
6
.5
:P
b
2
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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T
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a
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C
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i
gu
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on
t
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un
f
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vour
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bl
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r
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t
h of
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,
t
he
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duc
t
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s
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i
gni
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c
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nt
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ons
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be
ne
f
i
t
s
t
ow
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d c
ol
or
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m
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um
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nous
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l
ux w
e
c
a
n s
e
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t
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onc
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nt
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a
t
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t
a
s
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t
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bl
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t
o a
c
hi
e
ve
good r
e
s
u
lts
in
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l
l e
le
me
n
ts
.
F
ig
ur
e
4
.
T
h
e
CCT
p
e
a
k
-
v
al
l
ey
de
vi
a
t
i
on
as
a
f
unc
t
i
on of
t
he
c
onc
e
nt
r
a
t
i
on
of
C
a
2
La
2
BO
6
.5
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2+
F
ig
ur
e
5.
L
um
i
nous
f
l
ux
a
s
a
f
unc
t
i
on
of
t
he
c
onc
e
nt
r
a
t
i
on of
C
a
2
La
2
BO
6
.5
:P
b
2+
F
ig
ur
e
6.
C
ol
or
qua
l
i
t
y s
c
a
l
e
a
s
a
f
unc
t
i
on
of
t
he
c
onc
e
nt
r
a
t
i
on of
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a
2
La
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BO
6
.5
:P
b
2+
4.
CO
NCL
US
I
O
N
W
i
t
h t
he
r
e
s
ul
t
s
f
r
om
t
hi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h t
he
pos
i
t
i
ve
e
f
f
e
c
t
of
gr
e
e
n
phos
phor
Ca
2
La
2
BO
6
.5
:P
b
2+
o
n
W
LE
D
c
ol
or
uni
f
or
m
i
t
y
a
nd t
he
l
um
e
n ou
t
put
i
s
pr
ove
n.
T
hr
ough
e
xpe
r
i
e
m
nt
s
ba
s
e
d on t
he
M
i
e
-
s
cat
er
r
i
n
g
t
he
or
y,
t
he
c
ol
or
uni
f
or
m
i
t
y c
a
n va
r
y due
t
o
t
he
c
om
pe
ns
a
t
i
on of
s
c
a
t
t
e
r
e
d l
i
ght
t
o W
L
E
D
r
e
ga
r
dl
e
s
s
of
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o
r
r
e
la
te
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c
o
lo
r
te
mp
e
r
a
tu
r
e
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
th
e
W
L
E
D
s
imu
l
a
t
i
on ba
s
e
d M
ont
e
C
a
r
l
o
m
e
t
hod c
on
f
i
r
m
s
t
he
g
r
een
Ca
2
La
2
BO
6
.5
:P
b
2+
phos
phor
be
ne
f
i
t
s
t
he
l
u
m
i
nous
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nc
y,
i
n pa
r
t
i
c
ul
a
r
,
t
he
hi
ghe
r
t
he
phos
phor
c
onc
e
nt
r
a
t
i
on i
s
t
he
be
t
t
e
r
l
um
i
nous
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nc
y b
e
c
om
e
s
r
e
ga
r
dl
e
s
s
of
t
he
A
C
C
T
s
.
I
n
c
onc
l
s
i
on,
us
i
ng t
he
g
r
een
Ca
2
La
2
BO
6
.5
:P
b
2+
phos
phor
i
s
good
f
o
r
t
he
d
e
ve
l
opm
e
nt
of
W
L
E
D
l
i
gh
t
i
ng pr
ope
r
t
i
e
s
.
R
EF
ER
EN
C
ES
[1
]
S
.
P
.
Ying a
nd
J
.
Y.
S
he
n,
“
C
onc
e
n
tr
ic
r
i
ng ph
os
ph
or
ge
o
m
e
tr
y on t
he
lum
i
no
us e
f
f
ic
ie
nc
y of
whi
te
-
l
i
gh
t
-
e
m
it
ti
ng
d
i
ode
s
wit
h e
xc
e
lle
nt c
ol
or
r
e
nde
r
in
g pr
ope
r
ty
,
”
O
pt
ic
s L
e
tte
rs
,
vo
l
.
41
, n
o
.
9
,
pp.
19
89
-
19
92
,
2
01
6,
do
i: 1
0.
13
64
/OL
.
4
1.
0
01
98
9
.
[2
]
C
.
H
.
C
hia
ng
, H
.
Y
.
Ts
a
i
, T
.
S
.
Zh
a
n
, H
.
Y
.
Li
n
,
Y
.
C
.
F
a
n
g
,
a
nd
S
.
Y.
C
hu
,
“
Ef
f
e
c
t
s of
p
ho
sp
hor
d
is
tr
i
bu
ti
on
a
n
d
ste
p
-
i
nde
x r
e
m
ote
c
onf
ig
ur
a
t
io
n on
the
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
of
whi
te
l
ig
ht
-
e
m
it
ti
ng
di
ode
s
,
”
Op
tic
s L
e
tte
rs
,
v
ol.
40
,
no.
12
,
pp.
28
30
-
28
33
,
20
15,
d
oi
:
1
0.
13
64
/OL
.
4
0.
00
28
30
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
el
eco
m
m
u
n
C
om
put
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ont
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6
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2+
phos
phor
:
an i
nnov
at
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v
e
…
(
P
hung T
on
T
hat
)
1635
[3
]
S
.
Yu,
Z
.
Li
,
G
.
L
ia
ng,
Y
.
Ta
ng,
B
.
Yu,
a
nd K
.
C
he
n,
“
An
gu
la
r
c
ol
or
un
if
or
m
it
y e
nha
nc
e
m
e
nt of
w
hit
e
lig
ht
-
e
m
i
tt
in
g d
io
de
s
by r
e
m
ote
m
ic
r
o
-
pa
t
te
r
ne
d pho
sp
ho
r
f
i
lm
,
”
Ph
ot
on
ic
s Re
s
e
a
rc
h
,
v
ol.
4
,
no.
4
,
pp.
1
40
-
1
45
,
20
16,
do
i:
1
0.
13
64
/P
R
J.
4.
00
01
40
.
[4
]
S
.
-
W
.
Je
on
e
t al.
, “
O
pt
ic
a
l de
si
gn
of
de
n
ta
l
li
gh
t us
ing a
r
e
m
ote
p
ho
sp
hor
li
gh
t
-
e
m
i
tt
in
g
di
ode
pa
c
ka
ge
f
or
im
pr
ov
in
g ill
um
i
na
t
io
n un
if
or
m
it
y
,”
Ap
pl
ie
d O
pti
c
s
,
vo
l.
57
,
no.
21
,
pp.
59
98
-
60
03
,
20
18,
doi
: 1
0.
13
64
/A
O.
5
7.
00
59
98
.
[5
]
P
.
Hun
g a
n
d J.
Y.
Tsa
o,
"
M
a
xim
um
W
h
ite
L
um
in
ou
s
Ef
f
ic
a
c
y of
R
a
dia
ti
on
Ve
r
s
us C
ol
or
R
e
n
de
r
i
ng I
nde
x
a
nd
C
olor
Te
m
p
e
r
a
t
ur
e
:
Exa
c
t R
e
s
ul
ts a
n
d a
Use
f
ul
Ana
ly
ti
c
Ex
pr
e
s
si
on,
"
J
ou
rn
al of Di
sp
lay
T
e
c
hn
ol
ogy
,
vo
l.
9,
n
o.
6,
pp.
40
5
-
41
2,
Ju
ne
20
13,
d
oi
: 1
0.
11
09
/J
DT.
20
12.
2
22
46
3
8
.
[6
]
Y
.
Yu
e
t al.
, “
I
m
pr
o
vi
ng t
he
c
ol
or
-
r
e
n
de
r
i
ng
i
nde
x
of
a
ta
n
de
m
wa
r
m
wh
ite
or
ga
n
ic
li
gh
t
-
e
m
i
tt
in
g
de
v
ic
e
by
e
m
p
lo
yi
ng
a
sim
p
le
f
a
br
ic
a
t
io
n pr
oc
e
s
s
,”
Op
tic
s L
e
tte
rs
,
v
ol
.
44
,
no
.
4
,
pp
.
931
-
93
4
,
2
01
9,
do
i: d
oi
:1
0.
13
64
/OL
.
4
4.
0
00
93
1
.
[7
]
W
.
Z
ha
ng
e
t al.
,
“
S
pe
c
t
r
a
l o
pt
im
iz
a
ti
on of
c
o
lor
te
m
pe
r
a
t
ur
e
tu
na
b
le
wh
ite
L
ED
s ba
se
d on pe
r
ov
sk
ite
qua
nt
um
do
ts
f
or
ult
r
a
h
ig
h c
ol
or
r
e
nd
i
t
i
o
n
,”
O
pt
ic
a
l
Ma
te
r
ia
ls Ex
p
re
s
s
,
vo
l.
7
, n
o
.
9
,
pp.
30
65
-
30
76
,
20
17,
d
oi
: 10.
136
4/
OM
E.
7.
00
30
65
.
[8
]
P
.
Z
hong,
G
.
He
,
a
nd M
.
Z
ha
ng,
“
S
pe
c
tr
a
l op
tim
iz
a
t
io
n of
the
c
ol
or
te
m
pe
r
a
tur
e
tuna
bl
e
whi
te
li
gh
t
-
e
m
it
ti
ng
d
io
de
(
L
ED)
c
lus
te
r
c
on
si
st
in
g of
dir
e
c
t
-
e
m
is
si
on
b
lue
a
nd
r
e
d
L
EDs
a
nd
a
diph
os
ph
or
c
onve
r
si
on
L
ED
,
”
Op
tic
s Ex
p
r
e
ss
,
vol.
20
, n
o
.
55
,
pp.
A6
84
-
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93
,
2
01
2,
do
i: 1
0.
1
36
4/
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20.
0
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68
4
.
[9
]
L
.
-
Y
.
C
he
n,
J
.
-
K
.
C
ha
n
g,
W
.
-
C
.
C
he
n
g,
J
.
-
C
.
Hu
a
ng
,
Y
.
-
C
.
Hua
ng,
a
nd
W
.
-
H
.
C
he
ng,
“
C
hr
om
a
tic
it
y ta
il
or
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ble
gla
ss
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se
d p
ho
sp
hor
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te
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ng d
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e
s wi
th hi
gh
c
ol
or
r
e
n
de
r
i
ng in
de
x
,
”
O
pt
ic
s Ex
pre
ss
,
vol.
23
,
no.
15
,
pp.
A1
02
4
-
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02
9
,
2
01
5,
do
i: 1
0.
1
36
4/
O
E.
23.
0A
10
24
.
[
10]
T
.
Ha
ya
s
hi
da
,
H
.
I
wa
sa
k
i,
K
.
M
a
s
a
o
k
a
,
M
.
S
him
iz
u,
T
.
Ya
m
a
sh
ita
,
a
n
d W
.
Iw
ai
,
“
Ap
pr
o
pr
ia
te
in
dic
e
s f
or
c
olo
r
r
e
nd
it
io
n a
nd t
he
ir
r
e
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om
m
e
nde
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lue
s f
or
UH
DT
V
pr
od
uc
t
io
n us
in
g wh
ite
L
ED l
ig
ht
in
g
,
”
Op
tic
s Ex
p
r
e
ss
,
vol.
25
,
no.
13
,
pp.
15
01
0
-
15
02
7
,
20
17
,
do
i:
1
0.
1
36
4/
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E.
25.
01
50
10
.
[
11]
X
.
W
a
ng
,
H
.
R
a
o
, Q
.
Le
i
,
D
.
Z
hou,
X
.
W
a
n
a
n
d
J
.
L
i,
"
An im
pr
ov
e
d e
le
c
tr
o
ph
or
e
t
ic
de
po
si
ti
on m
e
th
od f
or
w
a
f
e
r
le
ve
l w
hi
te
pc
-
L
E
D
a
r
r
a
y pa
c
ka
gi
ng,
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01
3 1
0t
h C
h
in
a I
n
te
r
na
ti
on
al
Fo
ru
m o
n S
ol
id
St
ate
L
ig
ht
in
g (
C
h
in
aS
SL
)
,
201
3,
pp.
3
1
-
33,
d
oi
: 10.
11
09
/S
S
L
C
HI
NA.
20
13.
7
17
73
0
7
.
[
12]
Z
.
Z
ha
o,
H
.
Z
ha
ng,
S
.
L
iu,
a
nd
X
.
W
a
ng
, “
Ef
f
e
c
ti
ve
f
r
e
e
f
or
m
TI
R
le
ns
de
s
ig
ne
d f
or
L
ED
s w
it
h h
ig
h a
n
gu
la
r
c
olo
r
uni
f
or
m
it
y
,”
Ap
pl
ie
d O
pt
ic
s
,
v
ol.
57
,
no.
15
,
pp.
42
16
-
4
221
,
20
18
,
do
i:
10.
1
36
4/
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57.
0
04
21
6
.
[
13]
T
.
-
X
.
L
e
e
,
M
.
-
C
.
Tsa
i,
S
.
-
C
.
C
ha
ng,
a
nd K
.
-
C
.
Li
u
,
“
M
inia
tur
iz
e
d L
ED pr
im
a
r
y op
tic
s de
si
gn u
se
d f
or
sho
r
t
-
dis
ta
nc
e
c
ol
or
m
i
xi
ng
,”
A
pp
lie
d Op
tic
s
,
v
o
l
.
55
,
no.
32
,
pp.
90
67
-
90
73
,
20
16
,
do
i:
10.
13
64
/A
O.
55.
00
90
67
.
[
14]
J
.
G
a
d
e
g
a
a
r
d
e
t al.
,
“
Hig
h
-
ou
tp
ut
LE
D
-
ba
se
d l
ig
ht e
ng
ine
f
or
pr
of
ile
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ix
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g
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o
lor
un
if
or
m
it
y
usi
ng f
r
e
e
f
or
m
r
e
f
le
c
tor
s
,”
Ap
pl
ie
d Op
tic
s
,
vo
l.
55
,
no
.
6
,
pp.
135
6
-
13
65
,
20
16
,
do
i:
10
.
13
64
/A
O
.
55
.
00
13
56
.
[
15]
M
.
-
S
.
Tsa
i,
X
.
-
H
.
L
e
e
,
Y
.
-
C
.
Lo
,
a
nd
C
.
-
C
.
S
u
n
,
“
Opti
c
a
l de
si
gn of
t
un
ne
l li
gh
ti
ng w
it
h wh
ite
li
gh
t
-
e
m
it
ti
ng
dio
de
s
,”
Ap
pl
ie
d O
pt
ic
s
, v
o
l
.
53
,
no.
29
,
pp.
H1
14
-
H1
20
,
2014
,
do
i:
1
0.
13
64
/A
O.
5
3.
00
H1
14
.
[
16]
D.
L
in
e
t al
.
,
"
S
il
ic
o
n S
ol
a
r
C
e
ll
s Ef
f
ic
ie
nc
y E
nha
n
c
e
d in
NI
R
B
a
nd b
y C
oa
ti
ng P
la
sm
o
nic
s
I
TO
-
a
nd UC
P
hos
ph
or
s
-
P
a
r
t
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c
l
e
s
L
a
y
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r
s
o
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B
a
c
k
-
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ide
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ur
f
a
c
e
Us
in
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pi
n
-
O
n F
i
lm
De
p
os
it
io
n,
"
20
19 C
o
nfe
re
n
c
e
on L
as
e
r
s
and Ele
c
tr
o
-
O
pt
ic
s (
C
L
EO)
,
2
01
9,
pp.
1
-
2,
do
i:
1
0.
1
36
4
/C
L
EO
_A
T.
20
19.
AT
h1I
.
4
.
[
17]
T
.
Li
,
Y
.
Li
,
P
.
Yua
n,
D
.
G
e
,
a
n
d
Y
.
Y
a
ng
,
"
Ef
f
ic
ie
nt X
-
r
a
y e
xc
ite
d s
hor
t
-
wa
ve
le
ng
th i
nf
r
a
r
e
d ph
os
ph
or
,
"
Op
tic
s
E
x
pr
e
ss
, v
o
l
.
27
,
no
.
9
,
pp.
13
24
0
-
1
32
51
,
20
19
,
do
i:
10.
136
4/
O
E.
27.
01
32
40
.
[
18]
Q
.
F
oul
ia
r
d,
S
.
H
a
l
d
a
r
,
R
.
G
hosh,
a
nd S
.
R
a
g
h
a
v
a
n
,
“
M
ode
li
ng l
um
i
ne
sc
e
nc
e
be
ha
vi
or
f
or
p
ho
sp
hor
t
he
r
m
o
m
e
tr
y
a
p
pl
ie
d to
do
pe
d
the
r
m
a
l ba
r
r
ie
r
c
oa
ti
ng c
o
nf
i
gur
a
ti
o
ns
,
”
A
pp
lie
d O
pt
ic
s
,
v
ol.
58
,
no.
13
,
pp
.
D
68
-
D7
5
,
2
019
,
doi
:
1
0.
13
64
/A
O.
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8.
00
0D
68
.
[
19]
Y
.
P
e
ng,
R
.
Li
,
X
.
G
uo,
H
.
Z
he
ng,
a
nd
M
.
Ch
en
,
“
O
pt
ic
a
l pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
im
pr
o
ve
m
e
nt of
p
ho
sp
hor
-
in
-
gla
ss ba
se
d
whi
te
l
ig
ht
-
e
m
i
tt
in
g
di
ode
s
thr
ou
gh
op
tim
iz
e
d
pa
c
ka
g
in
g
str
uc
tur
e
,
”
A
pp
lie
d
Opt
ic
s
,
vo
l.
55
,
no.
29
,
pp.
81
89
-
8
195
,
201
6
,
do
i:
10.
1
36
4/
AO.
55.
0
08
18
9
.
[
20]
Q
.
Wa
ng,
T.
L
i
,
a
nd Q.
He
,
"
Dim
m
a
ble
a
nd C
o
st
-
Ef
f
e
c
ti
ve
DC
Dr
i
vi
ng Te
c
hn
iq
ue
f
or
F
lic
ke
r
M
it
iga
ti
on i
n L
ED
L
igh
ti
ng,
"
J
ou
rn
al o
f D
is
pl
ay
T
e
c
hn
ol
ogy
,
v
ol.
1
0,
no.
9,
p
p
.
766
-
77
4,
S
e
pt.
2
01
4,
do
i: 1
0.
11
09
/J
DT.
20
14.
2
31
90
73.
[
21]
H
.
-
T
.
L
in,
C
.
-
H
.
T
ie
n,
C
.
-
P
.
Hs
u,
a
nd R
.
-
H
.
Hor
n
g
,
“
W
h
ite
th
in
-
f
ilm
f
li
p
-
c
h
ip
L
E
Ds wi
th
un
if
or
m
c
olo
r
te
m
pe
r
a
tur
e
u
si
ng
la
se
r
l
if
t
-
of
f
a
n
d c
onf
or
m
a
l
ph
os
ph
or
c
oa
t
in
g te
c
hn
ol
og
ie
s
,
”
O
pt
ic
s Ex
pre
ss
,
v
ol.
22
,
no.
26
,
pp.
3
16
46
-
3
16
53
,
20
14
,
do
i:
10.
13
64
/O
E.
22.
03
16
46
.
[
22]
A
.
Ž
uka
us
ka
s,
R
.
Va
ic
e
ka
us
ka
s,
a
n
d P
.
Vitta
,
“
Op
tim
iz
a
t
io
n of
sol
id
-
st
a
te
la
m
ps f
or
ph
ot
ob
io
lo
gic
a
l
ly f
r
ie
n
dl
y
m
e
so
pic
l
ig
ht
in
g
,”
Ap
pl
ie
d Op
tic
s
,
vo
l.
51
,
no
.
35
,
pp
.
8
423
-
84
32
,
20
12
,
do
i:
10.
13
64
/A
O.
51.
00
84
23
.
[
23]
S
.
M
la
de
n
ov
sk
i,
K
.
Ne
y
ts,
D
.
P
av
i
ci
c,
A
.
W
ern
er,
C
.
R
o
t
he
,
“
E
xc
e
p
ti
ona
ll
y e
f
f
ic
ie
n
t or
ga
nic
li
gh
t e
m
i
tt
in
g de
v
ic
e
s
u
sin
g
hig
h r
e
f
r
a
c
t
ive
in
de
x s
ub
str
a
te
s
,”
O
pt
ic
s
E
xp
r
es
s
,
vo
l.
17
,
no
.
9
,
pp.
75
62
-
75
70
,
20
09,
d
oi
: 10.
13
64/
O
E.
17.
00
75
62
.
[
24]
B
.
J
.
Ch
en
e
t al.
,
“
F
r
e
e
f
or
m
m
ic
r
ostr
uc
t
ur
e
li
ne
a
r
lig
ht e
m
it
te
r
de
s
ig
n f
or
a
na
tur
a
l li
gh
t il
lum
ina
ti
on sy
ste
m
,
”
Ap
pl
ie
d O
pt
ic
s
,
v
ol.
54
,
no.
28
,
pp.
E1
59
-
E1
64
,
20
15
,
d
oi:
10.
1
36
4/
AO.
54.
0
0
E1
59
.
[
25]
S
.
-
P
.
Ying,
C
.
-
Y.
L
in,
a
n
d C
.
-
C
.
Ni.
“
I
m
pr
ov
in
g t
he
c
ol
or
un
if
or
m
it
y of
m
ul
ti
ple
c
ol
or
e
d l
ig
ht
-
e
m
it
ti
ng
d
iod
e
s
usi
ng a
pe
r
io
dic
m
ic
r
os
tr
uc
tur
e
s
ur
f
a
c
e
,
”
Ap
pl
i
e
d Op
tic
s
vo
l.
54
,
no.
28
,
pp
.
E75
-
E
79
,
2
015,
doi
:
10
.
13
64
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O
.
54
.
00
0E
75
.
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