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s
s
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t
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al
s
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s
t
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t
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s
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at
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93,
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s
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l
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n 199
6,
U
n
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t
ed
S
t
at
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m
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c
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T
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I
n
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J
ap
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t
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t
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S
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t
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SD
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t
r
ans
m
i
s
s
i
on
[
1]
.
K
or
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s
o
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ev
el
ope
d
s
t
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d
f
or
di
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t
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l
t
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s
i
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n
br
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as
t
i
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i
n
2005
.
T
he s
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us
e
s
h
andh
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d as
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.
P
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r
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s
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t
e or
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s
s
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s
k
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Mul
t
i
m
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B
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as
t
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g (
D
MB
)
[
2]
.
I
n 2
006
,
C
h
i
n
e
s
e de
v
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l
op
ed s
t
a
ndar
d
f
or
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as
t
i
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s
y
s
t
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k
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t
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M
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t
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m
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a
B
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t
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(
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[1
].
T
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f
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s
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i
s
c
al
l
ed
T
i
m
e
D
o
m
ai
n
S
y
nc
hr
ono
us
-
O
r
t
hogon
al
F
r
eq
uenc
y
D
i
v
i
s
i
on
Mu
l
t
i
pl
ex
i
n
g
(
T
D
S
-
O
F
D
M)
.
D
T
MB
us
es
T
D
S
-
O
F
D
M
f
or
br
oadc
as
t
i
ng s
y
s
t
em
.
I
n
r
ec
ei
v
i
ng s
i
de,
T
D
S
-
O
F
D
M
onl
y
n
ee
ds
5
m
i
l
l
i
s
ec
o
nds
t
o l
oc
k
i
t
i
n
t
he
s
ig
n
a
l.
T
D
S
-
O
F
D
M us
ed i
n
D
T
MB
s
y
s
t
em
i
s
not
guar
d i
nt
er
v
al
t
h
at
i
s
us
ed i
n C
P
-
O
F
D
M.
D
T
MB
us
es
T
D
S
-
O
F
D
M t
o s
y
nc
hr
oni
z
e
i
n t
i
m
e dom
ai
n and t
he r
es
t
of
t
he r
ec
ei
v
i
ng b
i
t
s
ar
e pr
oc
es
s
ed
i
n f
r
equenc
y
dom
ai
n.
T
hus
,
D
T
MB
gi
v
es
bet
t
er
qua
l
i
t
y
of
v
i
d
eo a
nd a
udi
o
w
i
t
h
out
an
y
d
el
a
y
ev
e
n i
n t
h
e s
pe
ed of
20
0 k
m
/
h i
n r
ec
ei
v
i
n
g s
y
s
t
em
[
3]
.
O
t
her
di
f
f
er
enc
es
s
y
s
t
em
f
or
di
gi
t
al
t
el
e
v
i
s
i
on
br
oadc
as
t
i
ng
i
s
t
he
us
e
of
F
or
w
ar
d
E
r
r
or
C
o
rre
c
t
i
o
n
(F
E
C
) c
o
d
e
s
.
F
E
C
c
od
es
ar
e t
he m
os
t
i
m
por
t
ant
pr
oc
es
s
i
n
g i
n d
i
gi
t
a
l
t
el
ev
i
s
i
o
n
br
oadc
as
t
i
ng.
I
t
c
an
i
m
pr
ov
e t
he
ef
f
i
c
i
enc
y
of
ban
d
w
i
dt
h
an
d t
h
e s
i
g
na
l
i
s
a
bl
e
t
o pr
o
pag
at
e
aga
i
ns
t
t
h
e i
m
pac
t
of
pr
opagat
i
on
.
I
n r
ec
e
i
v
i
n
g s
i
de
,
F
E
C
c
odes
ar
e ab
l
e t
o de
t
ec
t
er
r
or
and
c
or
r
ec
t
i
t
w
i
t
h
out
r
et
r
ans
m
i
s
s
i
on s
y
s
t
em
[
1]
.
F
E
C
c
o
des
us
ed
i
n t
he
br
oadc
as
t
i
ng
s
y
s
t
em
i
s
di
v
i
d
ed
i
nt
o t
w
o par
t
s
,
ou
t
er
and
i
nner
c
o
di
n
g.
D
T
MB
us
es
B
os
e
-
C
hau
dhur
i
-
H
oc
gue
ngh
em
(
B
C
H
)
as
an
ou
t
er
c
od
i
n
g
and
Lo
w
D
e
ns
i
t
y
P
ar
i
t
y
-
C
h
ec
k
(
LD
P
C
)
as
a
n
i
nn
er
c
odi
ng.
B
C
H
i
s
good er
r
or
c
ont
r
o
l
c
ode b
ec
aus
e of
t
he abi
l
i
t
y
t
o c
or
r
ec
t
r
andom
bur
s
t
er
r
or
i
n t
r
ans
m
i
s
s
i
on
c
hanne
l
.
B
C
H
i
s
w
i
d
el
y
us
e
d i
n c
om
m
uni
c
at
i
on
s
y
s
t
em
m
oder
n [
4]
.
LP
D
C
h
as
be
e
n
w
i
de
l
y
us
ed
i
n
w
i
r
el
es
s
s
y
s
t
em
bec
aus
e
of
i
t
s
ab
i
l
i
t
y
t
o
c
or
r
ec
t
er
r
or
i
n
t
he
n
oi
s
y
c
han
ne
l
.
LD
P
C
c
an
r
e
duc
e
t
he pr
o
ba
bi
l
i
t
y
of
da
t
a
l
os
s
c
l
os
ed t
o S
han
non'
s
l
i
m
i
t
[
5
]
.
S
e
v
er
a
l
s
t
udi
es
hav
e bee
n
m
ade t
o anal
y
z
e t
he p
er
f
or
m
anc
e o
f
D
T
MB
s
y
s
t
em
.
Li
u et
al
[
6]
c
om
par
ed t
he
per
f
or
m
anc
e of
D
V
B
-
T
and D
T
MB
us
i
ng t
hr
ee
c
h
ann
el
s
s
uc
h as
A
W
G
N
,
R
i
c
ean
and R
a
y
l
e
i
g
h.
D
V
B
-
T
s
how
ed b
et
t
er
p
er
f
or
m
anc
e us
i
ng
A
W
G
N
and R
i
c
ea
n w
hi
l
e D
T
MB
i
m
pr
ov
ed t
he p
er
f
or
m
anc
e
us
i
ng R
a
y
l
ei
gh bec
a
us
e D
T
MB
has
t
he abi
l
i
t
y
i
n f
adi
n
g env
i
r
onm
ent
.
T
he
r
es
ear
c
h
us
ed
m
ul
t
i
c
ar
r
i
er
C
=
378
0,
Q
P
S
K
m
appi
n
g
of
16Q
A
M
a
nd
6
4Q
A
M
an
d
F
E
C
r
at
e
of
0.
4
and
0.
6.
T
he
y
a
dde
d
g
uar
d
i
nt
er
v
al
of
1/
4
i
n
D
T
MB
s
y
s
t
em
.
S
on
g
e
t
a
l
[
7
]
us
ed
A
W
G
N
c
hanne
l
i
n t
he ex
per
i
m
ent
of
D
T
MB
s
y
s
t
em
w
i
t
h f
r
am
e header
m
ode 1 and
m
ode 3.
T
he
m
odul
at
i
o
n us
ed
i
n t
h
ei
r
e
x
per
i
m
ent
i
s
4Q
A
M a
nd 6
4Q
A
M.
T
he
y
us
ed F
E
C
c
odes
r
at
e of
0.
4
and 0
.
6.
T
hi
s
ex
per
i
m
ent
s
ho
w
ed
l
o
w
t
hr
ou
ghp
ut
i
n
m
obi
l
e r
ec
ept
i
on
us
i
n
g c
om
bi
nat
i
o
n of
4Q
A
M
and
F
E
C
c
odes
r
a
t
e
of
0.
4.
T
he c
om
bi
nat
i
o
n of
64Q
A
M a
nd F
E
C
c
o
des
r
a
t
e of
0.
6
ga
v
e
hi
g
her
t
hr
ou
ghp
ut
t
o s
upp
or
t
H
D
T
V
appl
i
c
at
i
o
n.
Z
ha
ng
,
et
al
.,
[
8]
us
e
d
f
r
a
m
e
head
er
m
ode
2,
F
E
C
r
at
e of
0
.
8
and
m
odul
at
i
ons
of
16Q
A
M
and
4Q
A
M
-
N
R
i
n
m
ul
t
i
c
ar
r
i
er
an
d s
i
n
gl
e c
ar
r
i
er
m
ode.
T
he
r
es
ul
t
of
t
he
c
o
m
bi
nat
i
on
of
4Q
A
M
a
nd
s
i
ngl
e
c
ar
r
i
er
s
how
ed
be
t
t
er
per
f
or
m
anc
e
i
n
m
obi
l
e an
d f
i
x
ed r
ec
e
pt
i
on.
T
he ai
m
of
t
he
r
es
ear
c
h
i
s
t
o des
i
gn D
T
MB
s
y
s
t
em
bas
ed
on t
h
e
s
t
andar
d
G
B
2
0600
-
2006
.
D
es
i
gn
of
D
T
MB
s
y
s
t
em
i
s
done b
y
t
r
ans
f
or
m
i
ng s
t
a
ndar
d
D
T
MB
i
nt
o
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
des
i
g
n.
S
i
m
ul
i
nk
i
s
us
ed
t
o d
es
i
g
n
D
T
MB
s
y
s
t
em
.
D
T
MB
has
s
ev
er
a
l
c
onf
i
g
ur
at
i
on
par
a
m
et
er
s
t
hat
c
an
be
us
ed
f
or
di
f
f
er
ent
appl
i
c
at
i
o
ns
.
T
her
ef
or
e,
t
he
par
am
et
er
us
ed
i
n
t
hi
s
r
es
ear
c
h
ar
e
F
E
C
r
at
e
of
0.
4,
4Q
A
M
m
odul
at
i
o
n,
I
nt
er
l
e
av
er
m
ode
1,
P
N
59
5
as
f
r
a
m
e
header
a
nd
s
i
n
g
l
e
c
ar
r
i
er
C
=
1
us
i
ng
A
W
G
N
c
hannel
.
D
es
i
gn
of
D
T
MB
s
y
s
t
em
i
s
v
al
i
da
t
ed
b
y
s
i
m
ul
at
i
on
t
o s
ee t
h
e
per
f
or
m
anc
e
of
D
T
MB
s
y
s
t
em
.
T
he r
es
t
of
t
he r
es
ear
c
h
i
s
or
gan
i
z
ed as
f
ol
l
o
w
s
.
P
ar
t
I
I
i
s
s
t
ud
y
l
i
t
er
a
t
ur
e
of
D
T
MB
s
y
s
t
em
t
hat
has
been do
n
e b
y
ot
her
s
.
P
ar
t
I
I
I
des
c
r
i
bes
t
he des
i
gn of
t
he D
T
MB
s
y
s
t
em
i
n
t
r
ans
m
i
t
t
i
ng a
nd r
ec
ei
v
i
ng s
i
de.
P
ar
t
I
V
d
es
c
r
i
bes
t
h
e r
es
ul
t
s
of
ex
p
er
i
m
ent
of
t
he
D
T
MB
s
y
s
t
em
.
P
ar
t
V
i
s
c
onc
l
us
i
on a
nd f
ut
ur
e
w
or
k
.
F
i
gur
e 1
.
D
i
agr
am
B
l
oc
k
of
D
T
MB
T
r
ans
m
i
s
s
i
on S
y
s
t
e
m
[
9]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
K
A
I
S
S
N
:
1
693
-
6
930
T
he D
es
i
gn
and
P
er
f
or
ma
n
c
e A
na
l
y
s
i
s
of
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
T
er
r
e
s
t
r
i
a
l
Mul
t
i
m
ed
i
a…
(
E
my
H
ar
y
at
mi
)
875
2.
R
e
sea
r
ch
M
et
h
o
d
D
es
i
gn
of
D
T
MB
s
y
s
t
em
i
s
r
ef
er
r
ed t
o D
T
MB
s
t
an
dar
d
G
B
206
00
-
2
006
[
9]
.
T
r
ans
m
i
s
s
i
on
s
y
s
t
em
of
D
T
MB
i
s
s
ho
w
e
d
i
n
F
i
gur
e
1
.
D
T
MB
t
r
ans
m
i
s
s
i
on
s
y
s
t
e
m
us
es
MP
E
G
2
-
T
S
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
as
an
i
nput
dat
a.
M
P
E
G
2
-
T
S
is
us
ed
i
n
al
l
br
oadc
as
t
i
n
g
s
y
s
t
em
.
I
nput
dat
a
i
s
d
i
v
i
de
d
i
nt
o
f
r
am
es
w
i
t
h
t
he
l
en
gt
h
of
376
b
y
t
es
per
f
r
a
m
e.
E
ac
h
f
r
a
m
e
i
s
pr
oc
es
s
ed
i
n
s
c
r
am
bl
er
us
i
ng
15
s
t
ag
e
of
ps
eudo
r
and
om
s
equenc
e.
G
ener
at
or
p
ol
y
n
om
i
al
us
ed
i
n
t
h
e
s
c
r
a
m
bl
er
i
s
G
(
x
)
=
1+
x
1
4
+x
1
5
w
i
t
h
i
ni
t
i
al
s
t
at
e
“
1001
010
100
000
00”
.
S
c
r
a
m
bl
er
i
s
us
ed t
o ens
ur
e bet
t
er
t
r
ans
m
i
s
s
i
on of
dat
a of
r
andom
dat
a,
t
o
i
m
pr
ov
e t
he q
ua
l
i
t
y
of
s
y
n
c
hr
oni
z
es
c
ode a
nd t
o ha
v
e s
i
g
na
l
s
pec
t
r
um
c
l
os
ed t
o w
hi
t
e no
i
s
e
c
har
ac
t
er
i
s
t
i
c
.
F
r
a
m
es
f
r
o
m
s
c
r
a
m
bl
er
ar
e
pr
oc
es
s
ed
i
n
F
or
w
ar
d
E
r
r
or
C
or
r
ec
t
i
o
n
(
F
E
C
)
c
odes
bl
oc
k
.
F
E
C
us
es
t
w
o
c
ha
nne
l
s
c
o
di
n
g s
uc
h as
o
ut
er
a
nd
i
n
n
er
c
odi
n
g.
T
her
e ar
e
t
hr
e
e
F
E
C
c
od
e
s
r
a
t
e
t
hat
s
t
at
ed
i
n
t
h
e s
t
an
dar
d
s
uc
h as
F
E
C
c
ode
r
a
t
e of
0.
4,
0.
6 an
d
0.
8.
T
her
ef
or
e,
F
E
C
c
o
des
us
ed i
n t
h
i
s
r
es
ear
c
h
i
s
r
at
e of
0.
4.
O
ut
er
c
oder
of
F
E
C
i
s
B
os
e
-
C
hau
dhur
i
-
H
oc
que
ngh
em
(
B
C
H
)
(
762
,
75
2)
.
I
n
B
C
H
(
762,
7
52)
,
1
0
-
bi
t
par
i
t
y
is
adde
d i
nt
o
75
2
-
bi
t
m
es
s
ag
e
w
or
d s
o
t
he
t
ot
a
l
c
ode
w
or
d
pr
od
uc
es
b
y
B
C
H
enc
o
der
ar
e
7
62
b
i
t
s
.
G
ener
at
or
po
l
y
n
om
i
al
o
f
B
C
H
i
s
G
BCH
(
x
)
=1
+x
3
+x
1
0
.
T
he
us
e
of
B
C
H
i
n
D
T
MB
s
y
s
t
em
i
s
t
o
ada
pt
w
i
t
h
d
at
a
r
at
e
an
d
t
o
r
ed
uc
e
er
r
or
-
f
l
oor
i
n
t
he
s
y
s
t
em
.
I
nner
c
oder
of
F
E
C
i
s
l
o
w
de
ns
i
t
y
par
i
t
y
c
hec
k
(
LD
P
C
)
.
T
her
ef
or
e,
LD
P
C
of
r
at
e 0.
4
w
as
us
e
d
i
n t
hi
s
r
e
s
ear
c
h.
D
at
a f
r
om
F
E
C
i
s
pr
oc
es
s
ed i
n
t
he m
appi
ng
and
i
nt
er
l
eav
i
n
g b
l
oc
k
.
D
T
MB
s
t
anda
r
d has
t
w
o
m
odes
of
i
nt
er
l
ea
v
i
ng
s
uc
h
as
m
ode
1
w
i
t
h
B
=
52
,
M=
24
0
an
d
m
ode
2
w
i
t
h
B
=
52,
M=
270
.
I
nt
er
l
ea
v
er
us
ed
i
n
t
h
e
s
t
andar
d
i
s
c
on
v
o
l
ut
i
o
nal
i
nt
er
l
ea
v
er
.
T
hus
,
i
nt
er
l
ea
v
i
ng
o
f
m
ode
1
w
as
us
ed
i
n
t
hi
s
r
es
ear
c
h
a
nd
t
he
us
e
d
of
i
nt
er
l
ea
v
i
ng
i
s
t
o
c
om
bat
i
nt
er
f
er
enc
e.
T
he
nex
t
pr
oc
es
s
af
t
er
i
nt
er
l
ea
v
i
ng
i
s
c
ons
t
e
l
l
at
i
o
n
m
appi
n
g.
I
n
D
T
MB
s
t
andar
d,
t
h
er
e
ar
e
f
i
v
e
m
odes
of
m
appi
n
g
us
i
ng q
ua
dr
at
ur
e am
pl
i
t
ud
e m
odul
at
i
on (
Q
A
M)
s
uc
h
as
64Q
A
M
,
32Q
A
M,
1
6Q
A
M,
4Q
A
M an
d
4
Q
AM
-
N
R
.
Map
pi
n
g
m
ode
of
4Q
A
M
and
4Q
A
M
-
N
R
s
uppor
t
s
m
obi
l
e
s
er
v
i
c
es
w
i
t
h
h
i
gh
er
dat
a
r
at
e
an
d
s
t
and
ar
d
d
ef
i
ni
t
i
o
n
t
el
ev
i
s
i
o
n
(
S
D
T
V
)
.
T
hus
,
4Q
A
M
c
ons
t
el
l
at
i
on
m
appi
ng
w
as
us
e
d
i
n
t
hi
s
r
es
ear
c
h.
F
i
gur
e 2
.
D
es
i
gn
of
D
T
MB
S
y
s
t
em
U
s
i
ng
S
i
m
ul
i
nk
Mul
t
i
p
l
ex
i
ng i
s
i
m
pl
em
ent
ed t
o m
ul
t
i
pl
ex
dat
a f
r
o
m
m
appi
ng b
l
oc
k
w
i
t
h
i
nf
or
m
at
i
on
s
y
s
t
em
.
I
nf
or
m
at
i
on s
y
s
t
e
m
c
ont
ai
ns
i
nf
or
m
at
i
on
p
ar
am
et
er
us
ed i
n t
he s
y
s
t
em
w
i
t
h
36
t
r
ans
m
i
s
s
i
on par
am
et
er
s
s
i
gna
l
i
n
g (
T
P
S
)
.
T
he
r
es
ul
t
of
m
ul
t
i
p
l
ex
i
n
g
t
w
o
s
i
g
na
l
s
i
s
f
r
a
m
e
bod
y
pr
oc
es
s
i
ng.
F
r
am
e bod
y
p
r
oc
es
s
i
ng i
s
c
om
bi
ned
w
i
t
h f
r
a
m
e header
.
T
her
e ar
e t
hr
ee f
r
a
m
e
head
er
s
t
at
ed
i
n t
he D
T
MB
s
t
and
ar
d s
uc
h as
P
N
4
20,
P
N
595
and
P
N
9
45.
T
her
ef
or
e,
t
hi
s
r
es
ear
c
h
us
es
P
N
595
as
f
r
am
e
header
.
C
ar
r
i
er
s
i
gna
l
s
us
ed
i
n
t
h
e
D
T
MB
s
y
s
t
e
m
ar
e
C
=
1
f
or
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
K
A
V
o
l.
1
4
,
N
o
.
3
,
S
ept
em
ber
201
6
:
8
7
3
–
97
9
876
s
i
ngl
e
-
c
ar
r
i
er
m
ode and
C
=
3780
f
or
m
ul
t
i
-
c
ar
r
i
er
m
ode.
T
hus
,
t
hi
s
r
es
ear
c
h us
es
C
=
1 f
or
c
ar
r
i
er
s
i
gna
l
.
T
he c
om
bi
nat
i
on
of
f
r
a
m
e header
a
nd f
r
am
e bod
y
pr
oc
es
s
i
ng
i
s
pr
oc
es
s
e
d
i
n
t
he
s
quar
e
r
oot
r
ai
s
ed
c
os
i
ne
t
r
a
ns
m
i
t
f
i
l
t
er
w
i
t
h
r
o
l
l
-
of
f
f
ac
t
or
o
f
α
=
0.
05.
T
he
out
put
f
r
om
t
h
i
s
f
i
l
t
er
i
s
s
ent
t
hr
oug
h a
dapt
i
v
e
w
hi
t
e G
au
s
s
i
an no
i
s
e (
A
W
G
N
)
c
hannel
.
T
he r
ec
ept
i
o
n of
D
T
MB
s
y
s
t
em
i
s
des
i
gne
d f
ol
l
o
w
i
ng
t
he t
r
a
ns
m
i
s
s
i
on s
y
s
t
em
of
D
T
MB
.
T
he
r
ec
ei
v
er
par
t
i
n
t
hi
s
r
es
ear
c
h
w
as
des
i
gn
ed
bas
ed
o
n
t
he
r
e
v
er
s
e
o
p
er
at
i
o
n
of
t
he
tr
a
n
s
m
i
tte
r
.
S
ig
n
a
ls
f
r
o
m
A
W
G
N
a
r
e
pr
oc
es
s
ed
i
n
t
he
s
quar
e
r
o
ot
r
a
i
s
ed
c
os
i
ne
r
ec
ei
v
ed
f
i
l
t
er
w
i
t
h t
h
e s
am
e r
ol
l
-
of
f
f
ac
t
or
us
ed i
n t
h
e t
r
ans
m
i
s
s
i
on s
y
s
t
em
.
T
her
e ar
e t
w
o pr
oc
es
s
es
of
s
i
gna
l
s
epar
at
i
on
of
t
he
D
T
MB
s
y
s
t
em
.
T
he
f
i
r
s
t
pr
oc
es
s
i
s
i
m
pl
e
m
ent
ed
t
o
e
l
i
m
i
nat
e
f
r
am
e
header
of
P
N
59
5 f
r
om
or
i
gi
na
l
d
at
a.
T
he l
as
t
i
s
t
o e
l
i
m
i
nat
e i
nf
or
m
at
i
on s
y
s
t
em
f
r
o
m
t
h
e or
i
gi
n
al
dat
a.
A
f
t
er
t
he s
epar
at
i
on pr
oc
e
s
s
,
t
he dat
a i
s
pr
oc
es
s
ed
i
n t
he Q
A
M m
appi
n
g de
m
odul
at
i
o
n t
o
c
onv
er
t
t
he
s
y
m
bol
s
s
i
g
n
al
i
nt
o
bi
t
s
e
que
nc
es
.
T
hi
s
bi
t
s
e
que
nc
es
ar
e
pr
o
c
es
s
ed
i
n
t
h
e
c
onv
o
l
ut
i
o
nal
d
ei
nt
er
l
ea
v
er
t
o r
es
ol
v
e t
h
e
or
i
g
i
na
l
dat
a f
r
o
m
r
andom
dat
a.
T
he
or
i
gi
na
l
dat
a
i
s
pr
oc
es
s
ed i
n t
he F
E
C
dec
o
der
t
o
det
ec
t
a
nd t
o c
or
r
ec
t
er
r
or
s
as
an
i
m
pac
t
of
t
r
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
on.
T
he
p
a
r
it
y
b
it
s
w
er
e
el
i
m
i
nat
ed
f
r
o
m
t
he c
ode
w
or
d t
o p
r
oduc
e t
h
e m
es
s
age w
or
d
i
n t
h
e B
C
H
dec
oder
.
D
es
c
r
am
bl
er
i
s
t
he
l
as
t
pr
oc
es
s
of
D
T
MB
r
ec
e
i
v
er
us
i
ng t
he s
am
e gener
at
or
pol
y
n
om
i
al
and
i
n
i
t
i
al
phas
e
as
i
n
t
he
s
c
r
am
bl
er
bl
oc
k
.
T
he
r
es
ul
t
i
n
g
s
i
gn
al
f
r
om
des
c
r
am
bl
er
i
s
t
he s
am
e dat
a
as
t
he
t
r
ans
m
i
t
t
i
ng dat
a.
G
u
ar
d i
nt
er
v
a
l
w
as
not
i
m
pl
em
ent
ed i
n t
h
i
s
r
es
ear
c
h.
T
he
des
i
gn
of
D
T
MB
s
y
s
t
e
m
i
s
i
m
pl
e
m
ent
ed
us
i
n
g
S
i
m
ul
i
nk
c
o
m
put
er
s
of
t
w
ar
e,
w
hi
c
h
c
an be f
ou
nd
i
n F
i
gur
e
2
.
3.
R
e
su
l
t
s
a
n
d
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
E
x
per
i
m
ent
s
w
er
e
c
ond
uc
t
ed
t
o
v
al
i
d
at
e
t
he
des
i
gn
o
f
D
T
MB
s
y
s
t
em
.
T
w
o
MP
E
G
2
-
T
S
w
er
e
us
e
d
f
or
i
npu
t
s
t
r
eam
of
D
T
MB
s
y
s
t
em
.
T
he
f
i
r
s
t
MP
E
G
2
-
T
S
f
i
l
e
i
s
s
t
at
i
c
v
i
deo
of
‘
T
V
t
es
t
pat
t
er
n
’
,
w
h
er
e t
her
e
i
s
no
m
ov
em
ent
of
obj
ec
t
i
n t
he pi
c
t
ur
e.
T
he s
ec
ond M
P
E
G
2
-
T
S
f
ile
i
s
d
y
n
am
i
c
v
i
de
o of
‘
N
e
w
s
r
ea
der
’
,
w
her
e m
ov
em
ent
of
obj
ec
t
i
s
oc
c
ur
r
ed.
B
i
t
er
r
or
r
at
e (
B
E
R
)
w
as
c
al
c
ul
a
t
ed
i
n
t
h
e
i
nn
er
c
od
ec
as
w
e
l
l
as
i
n
t
he
out
er
c
odec
us
i
ng
s
i
gn
al
-
to
-
n
oi
s
e
r
at
i
o
(
S
N
R
)
i
n
t
he
A
W
G
N
c
hannel
.
F
i
gur
e
3
s
ho
w
s
t
h
e
s
i
m
ul
at
i
on
r
es
u
l
t
of
MP
E
G
2
-
T
S
v
i
deo
‘
T
V
t
es
t
pat
t
er
n’
.
A
s
s
ho
w
n
i
n
F
i
gur
e
3
,
t
he
B
E
R
d
ec
r
eas
es
w
h
en
t
h
e
S
N
R
i
nc
r
eas
e
s
.
T
he
B
E
R
r
es
ul
t
e
d
f
r
o
m
out
er
c
odec
i
s
hi
g
her
t
ha
n
t
he
B
E
R
r
es
ul
t
ed
f
r
o
m
i
nner
c
odec
f
or
S
N
R
l
es
s
t
han
10
dB
.
W
hen
S
N
R
i
s
gr
eat
er
t
han
1
0d
B
,
t
he
out
er
c
od
e
c
r
educ
es
t
he B
E
R
.
I
t
i
s
s
ho
w
n
t
hat
t
h
e bi
t
er
r
or
r
at
e r
es
ul
t
e
d f
r
o
m
i
nn
er
enc
od
er
-
dec
oder
i
s
s
i
gni
f
i
c
an
t
l
y
r
educ
e
d b
y
ou
t
er
enc
oder
-
d
ec
oder
w
h
i
l
e
S
N
R
v
al
u
e i
s
i
nc
r
eas
i
ng.
T
he
bi
t
er
r
or
r
at
e
of
out
er
enc
oder
-
dec
od
er
i
s
2
x
10
-
5
and
t
he
b
i
t
er
r
or
r
at
e
of
i
nner
enc
oder
-
d
ec
oder
i
s
8
x
10
-
5
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
s
am
e
S
N
R
v
al
u
e
of
11
dB
.
C
o
ns
eq
uent
y
,
t
he
us
e
of
t
w
o
F
E
C
c
od
ec
s
i
n c
onc
a
t
en
at
e
d c
odes
r
ed
uc
es
t
h
e er
r
or
s
s
i
gni
f
i
c
an
t
l
y
.
F
i
gur
e
3.
S
i
m
ul
at
i
on R
es
ul
t
of
B
E
R
v
s
S
N
R
(
dB
)
of
MP
E
G
2
-
T
S
v
i
deo
‘
T
V
t
es
t
pat
t
er
n’
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
K
A
I
S
S
N
:
1
693
-
6
930
T
he D
es
i
gn
and
P
er
f
or
ma
n
c
e A
na
l
y
s
i
s
of
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
T
er
r
e
s
t
r
i
a
l
Mul
t
i
m
ed
i
a…
(
E
my
H
ar
y
at
mi
)
877
F
i
gur
e
4 s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
o
ut
p
ut
v
i
deo
of
‘
T
V
t
es
t
pat
t
er
n
’
w
i
t
h d
i
f
f
er
ent
S
N
R
.
A
s
s
ho
w
n
i
n
t
he
f
i
gur
e,
w
he
n t
he S
N
R
=
7d
B
,
t
he p
i
c
t
ur
e c
an o
nl
y
b
e dec
ode
d i
n t
he up
per
par
t
,
w
h
i
l
e
t
he
r
em
ai
ni
ng
par
t
i
s
u
ndec
o
d
abl
e.
T
hi
s
c
on
di
t
i
o
n
i
s
al
m
os
t
t
he
s
am
e
as
t
he
S
N
R
=
8dB
.
W
hen
t
he
SN
R
=
9
d
B,
t
h
e
1/
3
par
t
of
t
he
pi
c
t
ur
e
c
an
be
de
c
oded
n
i
c
el
y
bu
t
t
he
r
em
ai
n
i
ng
par
t
i
s
undec
o
dab
l
e.
T
he pi
c
t
ur
e
has
a be
t
t
er
q
ual
i
t
y
w
h
en
t
he S
N
R
=
10
dB
,
w
her
e m
or
e t
han
ha
l
f
of
pi
c
t
ur
e c
a
n b
e dec
o
ded
.
F
i
nal
l
y
,
t
h
e p
i
c
t
ur
e c
an
be f
ul
l
y
d
ec
ode
d
w
h
en t
he
S
N
R
=
11d
B
.
a.
S
N
R
=7
d
B
b.
S
N
R
=8
d
B
c.
S
N
R
=9
d
B
d.
S
N
R
=
1
0dB
e.
S
NR=
1
1
d
B
F
i
gur
e
4.
O
ut
put
V
i
de
o
of
D
T
MB
S
ys
t
em
of
MP
E
G
2
-
T
S V
i
deo ‘
T
V
T
es
t
P
at
t
er
n’
F
i
gur
e 5 s
h
o
w
s
t
he s
i
m
ul
at
i
on r
es
ul
t
of
MP
E
G
2
-
T
S
v
i
d
eo ‘
N
e
w
s
r
ead
er
’
.
F
r
om
t
he f
i
gur
e,
i
t
c
an
b
e
s
een
t
hat
t
he
B
E
R
dec
r
eas
es
w
he
n
t
h
e
S
N
R
i
nc
r
eas
es
.
T
he
B
E
R
r
es
ul
t
e
d
f
r
o
m
out
er
c
odec
i
s
hi
g
her
t
h
an
t
h
e
B
E
R
r
es
ul
t
ed
f
r
om
i
nner
c
od
ec
f
or
S
N
R
l
es
s
t
han
11
dB
.
W
hen
S
N
R
i
s
gr
eat
er
t
ha
n 11d
B
,
t
he
B
E
R
i
s
t
he out
er
c
odec
dec
r
ea
s
es
.
I
t
i
s
s
how
n i
n t
he f
i
gur
e t
hat
t
he c
ur
v
e
i
s
c
r
os
s
i
ng t
o
w
ar
ds
t
h
e s
m
al
l
er
S
N
R
,
w
h
i
c
h i
s
pr
o
v
en t
hat
t
he c
onc
at
enat
ed
c
ode of
F
E
C
i
m
pr
ov
es
t
he s
i
g
nal
s
i
gn
i
f
i
c
ant
l
y
.
I
t
i
s
s
ho
w
n t
hat
t
he b
i
t
er
r
or
r
at
e of
out
er
enc
o
de
r
-
dec
oder
i
s
2
x
10
-
5
and t
he
b
i
t
er
r
or
r
at
e of
i
nner
enc
o
der
-
dec
o
de
r
i
s
3 x
10
-
5
w
h
en t
he
S
N
R
v
a
l
ue
of
bot
h
enc
oder
-
d
ec
oder
i
s
12 dB
.
F
i
gur
e 5.
S
i
m
ul
at
i
on R
es
ul
t
of
B
E
R
v
s
S
N
R
(
dB
)
of
MP
E
G
2
-
T
S
Vi
d
eo ‘
N
e
w
s
r
ead
e
r
’
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
K
A
V
o
l.
1
4
,
N
o
.
3
,
S
ept
em
ber
201
6
:
8
7
3
–
97
9
878
F
i
gur
e 6 s
ho
w
s
t
h
e out
p
ut
v
i
d
eo of
‘
N
e
w
s
r
ead
er
’
w
i
t
h di
f
f
er
ent
S
N
R
.
A
s
s
ho
w
n
i
n t
he
f
i
gur
e,
t
he M
P
E
G
2
-
T
S
v
i
d
e
o i
s
f
ul
l
y
u
ndec
o
da
bl
e
at
S
N
R
=
5
dB
.
I
nc
r
eas
i
n
g t
he
S
N
R
f
r
o
m
6dB
t
o
8dB
g
i
v
es
bet
t
er
r
es
u
l
t
t
h
an
S
N
R
=
5d
B
but
t
h
e p
i
c
t
ur
e i
n t
he
v
i
de
o s
t
i
l
l
c
ann
ot
b
e
d
ec
ode
d
c
or
r
ec
t
l
y
.
T
he
p
i
c
t
ur
e
c
an
be
par
t
i
a
l
l
y
d
ec
ode
d
w
h
en
S
N
R
=
10
dB
.
Mos
t
par
t
s
i
n
t
he
p
i
c
t
ur
e
ar
e
dec
oda
bl
e
w
he
n
S
N
R
r
eac
hes
11d
B
.
F
i
n
al
l
y
,
t
he
v
i
d
e
o
qua
l
i
t
y
has
s
i
g
ni
f
i
c
ant
l
y
i
m
pr
ov
ed
w
h
en
t
he
S
N
R
=
1
2
dB
a
nd
i
t
c
an
be
s
een
i
n
t
h
e
f
i
gur
e
6d.
T
he
v
i
deo
c
on
t
ai
ns
m
ov
i
n
g
obj
ec
t
s
s
ee
m
s
t
o c
on
v
er
ge
t
o l
o
w
er
B
E
R
s
l
o
w
er
t
h
an s
t
at
i
c
v
i
d
eo d
ue t
o t
he c
h
ar
ac
t
er
i
s
t
i
c
s
of
MP
E
G
v
i
de
o
w
her
e
i
nt
er
f
r
am
e
c
odi
ng
w
or
k
s
har
der
i
n
t
he
d
y
n
am
i
c
v
i
d
eo
w
i
t
h
m
ot
i
on
pr
e
di
c
t
i
on
an
d
m
ot
i
on
c
o
m
pens
at
i
on f
eat
ur
es
.
a.
S
N
R
=5
d
B
b.
S
N
R
=7
d
B
c.
S
N
R
=8
d
B
d.
S
N
R
=9
d
B
e
.
S
N
R
=
10
dB
f
.
S
N
R
=
11
dB
g.
S
N
R
=
1
2dB
F
i
gur
e 6.
O
ut
put
V
i
de
o of
D
T
MB
S
y
s
t
em
of
MP
E
G
2
-
T
S
V
i
deo ‘
N
e
w
s
r
ead
er
’
4
.
C
o
n
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
T
he des
i
gn
of
D
T
MB
t
r
ans
m
i
t
t
er
and r
ec
ei
v
er
w
as
i
m
pl
em
ent
ed
i
n
S
i
m
ul
i
nk
bas
ed on
D
T
MB
s
t
andar
d G
B
206
00
-
2006
.
T
he des
i
gn
w
or
k
s
pr
oper
l
y
as
t
he
v
i
deo
i
np
ut
c
an be f
ul
l
y
dec
ode
d i
n t
he r
ec
e
i
v
er
w
i
t
h
i
de
nt
i
c
a
l
r
ec
o
ns
t
r
uc
t
i
o
n.
T
he r
es
ul
t
s
ha
v
e
s
ho
w
n
t
hat
w
hen
t
he
S
N
R
i
nc
r
eas
es
,
t
he
B
E
R
dec
r
eas
es
i
n b
ot
h
i
nn
er
a
nd out
er
c
odec
s
.
T
he
out
p
ut
v
i
de
o qu
al
i
t
y
has
pr
ov
e
n t
hat
t
h
e us
e of
c
onc
at
enat
ed c
od
es
of
F
E
C
i
m
pr
ov
es
t
he s
y
s
t
e
m
per
f
or
m
anc
e
s
i
gni
f
i
c
an
t
l
y
i
n t
he
no
i
s
y
e
n
v
i
r
o
nm
ent
.
I
t
i
s
al
s
o r
e
v
e
al
e
d f
r
o
m
t
he s
i
m
ul
at
i
on o
ut
pu
t
t
hat
d
i
f
f
er
ent
v
i
deo c
h
ar
ac
t
er
i
s
t
i
c
s
m
i
ght
af
f
ec
t
t
he s
y
s
t
em
p
er
f
or
manc
e,
b
ut
i
t
n
eeds
f
ur
t
her
j
us
t
i
f
i
c
at
i
o
n b
y
us
i
ng
d
i
f
f
er
ent
t
y
p
e
of
v
i
d
eo c
h
ar
ac
t
er
i
s
t
i
c
s
dur
i
ng
t
he s
i
m
ul
at
i
on
.
F
ut
ur
e
w
or
k
s
w
i
l
l
f
oc
us
o
n
i
m
pl
em
ent
i
ng D
T
MB
s
y
s
t
e
m
w
i
t
h m
ul
t
i
p
at
h f
ad
i
ng c
hann
el
,
s
uc
h as
R
a
y
l
e
i
gh
dan R
i
c
ea
n i
n
or
der
t
o
obs
er
v
e t
he s
y
s
t
e
m
per
f
or
m
anc
e i
n m
obi
l
e
e
nv
i
r
onm
ent
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
K
A
I
S
S
N
:
1
693
-
6
930
T
he D
es
i
gn
and
P
er
f
or
ma
n
c
e A
na
l
y
s
i
s
of
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
T
er
r
e
s
t
r
i
a
l
Mul
t
i
m
ed
i
a…
(
E
my
H
ar
y
at
mi
)
879
R
ef
er
en
ces
[1
]
El
-
H
aj
j
ar
M
,
H
anz
o
L.
A
S
ur
v
ey
of
D
i
gi
t
al
T
el
ev
i
s
i
on
B
r
oadc
as
t
T
r
ans
m
i
s
s
i
on
T
ec
hni
ques
.
I
EEE
C
om
m
uni
c
at
i
ons
S
ur
v
ey
s
T
ut
o
r
i
al
s
.
20
13;
15(
4)
:
192
4
-
19
49.
[2
]
JP
S
h
im
,
S
eu
n
gj
a
e
S
,
W
eis
s
,
M
B
.
D
i
gi
t
al
M
ul
t
i
m
e
di
a
B
r
oa
dc
a
s
t
i
n
g
(
D
M
B
)
:
S
t
andar
d
s
,
C
om
pet
i
t
i
o
n,
and R
egu
l
at
i
on
in
S
out
h K
or
ea.
J
our
nal
of
I
nf
or
m
at
i
on T
e
c
hno
l
og
y
T
heor
y
and A
p
pl
i
c
a
t
i
on (
J
I
T
T
A
)
.
2006;
8(
2)
:
69
-
81
.
[3
]
K
ar
am
c
hed
u R
.
D
oes
C
h
i
na
H
av
e t
he B
es
t
D
i
gi
t
al
T
el
ev
i
s
i
on S
t
and
ar
d o
n P
l
an
e
t?
.
I
EE
E s
p
e
c
t
ru
m
.
2009.
[4
]
F
upen
g
W
,
Li
ang
Z
,
Y
u A
.
B
C
H
E
nc
od
er
a
nd
D
ec
o
der
D
e
s
i
gn
f
or
T
h
e D
i
g
i
t
a
l
T
e
l
e
v
i
s
i
o
n T
er
r
es
t
r
i
al
B
r
oadc
as
t
i
ng
S
y
s
t
em
S
t
a
ndar
d of
C
hi
na
.
I
E
T
I
nt
er
nat
i
on
al
C
om
m
uni
c
at
i
on
C
onf
e
r
en
c
e
on
W
i
r
el
e
s
s
M
obi
l
e
and C
o
m
pu
t
i
n
g (
C
C
W
M
2009)
.
2009:
722
-
725
.
[5
]
R
i
nu
J
E
A
P
.
C
han
nel
C
od
i
ng
U
s
i
ng
L
ow
D
ens
i
t
y
P
ar
i
t
y
C
hec
k
C
odes
i
n
A
W
G
N
.
I
nt
er
n
at
i
o
na
l
J
our
n
al
of
C
om
put
er
A
pp
l
i
c
at
i
ons
.
20
15;
2015(
2)
:
32
-
37.
[6
]
Li
u M
,
C
r
us
s
i
er
e M
,
H
el
ar
d J
,
P
as
q
uer
o O
.
A
nal
y
s
i
s
and
P
er
f
or
m
anc
e C
om
par
i
s
o
n of
D
V
B
-
T
and
D
T
M
B
S
yst
e
m
s
f
or
T
er
r
es
t
r
i
al
D
i
gi
t
al
T
V
. 1
1
th
I
E
E
E
S
i
ngap
or
e I
nt
er
nat
i
ona
l
C
o
n
f
er
en
c
e on
C
om
m
u
ni
c
at
i
on S
y
s
t
e
m
s
.
S
i
n
g
apor
e.
200
8:
1
399
-
1
404.
[7
]
S
ong
J
,
Y
ang Z
,
Y
ang L,
G
ong K
,
P
an C
,
W
a
n
g J
,
W
u
Y
.
T
ec
hni
c
a
l
R
ev
i
ew
on C
hi
nes
e
D
i
gi
t
a
l
T
er
r
es
t
r
i
al
T
el
ev
i
s
i
on B
r
oa
dc
as
t
i
ng S
t
an
d
ar
d and M
eas
ur
em
en
t
on S
om
e
W
o
r
k
i
n
g M
odes
.
I
EEE
T
r
ans
ac
t
i
on
s
on
B
r
oad
c
a
s
t
i
n
g
.
2007;
53(
1)
:
1
-
7.
[8
]
Z
hang
W
,
G
uan Y
,
Li
a
ng
W
,
H
e D
,
J
u F
,
S
u
n,
J
.
A
n I
nt
r
od
uc
t
i
on of
t
he C
hi
ne
s
e D
T
T
B
S
t
andar
d an
d
A
nal
y
s
i
s
of
t
he P
N
5
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