T
E
L
KO
M
N
I
KA
T
e
lec
om
m
u
n
icat
ion
,
Com
p
u
t
i
n
g,
E
lec
t
r
on
ics
an
d
Cont
r
ol
Vol.
18
,
No.
3
,
J
une
2020
,
pp.
118
5
~
119
4
I
S
S
N:
1693
-
6930,
a
c
c
r
e
dit
e
d
F
ir
s
t
G
r
a
de
by
Ke
me
nr
is
tekdikti
,
De
c
r
e
e
No:
21/E
/KP
T
/2018
DO
I
:
10.
12928/
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
.
v18i3.
15049
1185
Jou
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n
al
h
omepage
:
ht
tp:
//
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nal.
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.
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act
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s
(U
E
s
)
an
d
p
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v
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es
s
u
b
s
t
a
n
t
i
a
l
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w
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s
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t
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t
h
m
t
o
ach
i
ev
e
h
i
g
h
t
h
ro
u
g
h
p
u
t
.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
:
Ac
ti
ve
us
e
r
s
F
if
th
ge
ne
r
a
ti
on
(
5G)
M
a
s
s
ive
M
I
M
O
m
m
-
W
a
ve
T
hr
oughput
Th
i
s
i
s
a
n
o
p
en
a
c
ces
s
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
i
ce
n
s
e
.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
din
g
A
u
th
or
:
Qa
z
wa
n
Abdullah,
De
pa
r
tm
e
nt
of
E
lec
tr
ica
l
E
nginee
r
ing
F
a
c
ult
y
of
E
lec
tr
ica
l
a
nd
E
lec
tr
onic
E
nginee
r
ing
,
Unive
r
s
it
i
T
un
Hus
s
e
in
Onn
M
a
lays
ia
,
86400
P
a
r
it
R
a
ja,
J
ohor
,
M
a
lays
ia.
E
mail:
ga
z
wa
n20062015@gmail.
c
om
1.
I
NT
RODU
C
T
I
ON
T
he
mas
s
ive
M
I
M
O
s
ys
tem
will
be
a
c
r
it
ica
l
ingr
e
d
ient
f
or
mi
ll
im
e
ter
wa
ve
tec
hnology,
whic
h
is
pa
r
t
of
the
5G
wir
e
les
s
c
e
ll
ular
ne
twor
ks
.
T
he
high
be
a
mf
or
mi
ng
ga
in
f
r
om
the
mas
s
ive
M
I
M
O
s
ys
tem
wi
ll
c
ombat
the
pa
th
los
s
o
f
mi
ll
im
e
ter
wa
ve
t
r
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion.
As
a
r
e
s
ult
,
the
powe
r
c
ons
umpt
ion
s
igni
f
ica
ntl
y
incr
e
a
s
e
s
with
li
mi
ted
c
ha
nne
l
s
tate
inf
or
mation
(
C
S
I
)
o
f
the
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
ing
s
ignals
f
r
om
the
ba
s
e
s
tation
(
B
S
)
to
the
a
c
ti
ve
us
e
r
e
quipm
e
nt
(
UE
)
.
T
he
f
if
th
ge
ne
r
a
ti
on
(
5G)
is
li
ke
ly
to
be
ope
r
a
ted
in
the
de
ns
e
mm
-
W
a
ve
B
S
c
e
ll
ular
ne
twor
ks
ba
nds
20
-
100
GH
z
.
5G
c
e
ll
ular
ne
twor
ks
wil
l
be
a
dopted
in
the
mas
s
ive
M
I
M
O,
mm
-
W
a
ve
a
nd
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
.
5G
is
de
s
igned
to
ope
r
a
te
with
high
ba
ndwidth
to
a
c
hieve
high
thr
oughput
(
gigabits
pe
r
s
e
c
ond)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
118
5
-
119
4
1186
with
high
r
e
li
a
bil
it
y
a
nd
low
late
n
c
y
[
1
-
4]
.
T
he
mas
s
ive
mul
ti
-
input
-
mul
ti
-
output
(
M
I
M
O)
s
ys
t
e
m
r
e
quir
e
s
mana
ging
thes
e
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
to
e
nha
nc
e
be
a
mf
or
mi
ng
ga
in
a
nd
a
r
r
a
y
ga
in
.
F
u
r
ther
mor
e
,
mas
s
ive
M
I
M
O
s
ys
tems
c
a
n
c
ontr
ol
pr
opa
ga
ti
on
los
s
due
to
c
ha
n
ne
l
s
im
il
a
r
it
ies
f
or
the
U
E
s
a
nd
mi
ti
ga
te
the
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
be
twe
e
n
the
UE
s
[
5
-
9]
.
M
a
s
s
ive
M
I
M
O
s
ys
tems
r
e
quir
e
f
oc
us
ing
the
de
s
ir
e
d
s
ignal
dir
e
c
ti
on
r
e
s
ult
i
ng
f
r
om
the
high
pa
th
los
s
a
nd
dir
e
c
ti
ona
l
c
ha
nne
ls
f
or
both
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
B
S
a
nd
mm
-
W
a
ve
.
Huge
a
ntenna
a
r
r
a
ys
a
r
e
us
e
d
in
the
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
B
S
a
nd
mm
-
W
a
ve
B
S
to
maximi
s
e
thr
oughpu
t
unde
r
the
c
r
it
e
r
ion
powe
r
tr
a
ns
f
e
r
be
a
mf
o
r
mi
ng
to
a
c
ti
ve
us
e
r
s
(
UE
s
)
.
W
ir
e
les
s
5G
f
or
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
B
S
a
nd
m
m
-
W
a
ve
B
S
s
is
pr
e
pa
r
e
d
with
their
c
or
r
e
s
ponding
a
ntenna
a
r
r
a
ys
[
10]
.
T
he
obtaina
ble
mm
-
W
a
ve
us
e
s
di
r
e
c
ti
ona
l
be
a
mf
or
mi
ng
f
or
a
ntenna
a
r
r
a
ys
to
pr
ovide
the
s
malles
t
pr
opa
ga
ti
on
dis
tanc
e
a
nd
a
la
r
ge
ba
ndwidth
f
r
e
que
nc
y.
T
he
pa
th
los
s
im
pli
e
s
the
ne
e
d
in
e
mpl
oying
the
omni
dir
e
c
ti
ona
l
a
ntenna
s
thr
oughout
the
r
a
dio
f
r
e
que
nc
y
c
ove
r
a
ge
a
r
e
a
.
T
he
p
r
opa
ga
ti
on
los
s
in
mm
-
W
a
ve
is
hi
ghe
r
than
the
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
ba
s
e
d
on
the
type
o
f
f
a
c
to
r
s
c
ontr
ibut
ing
to
a
tm
os
phe
r
ic
a
bs
or
pti
on.
T
he
g
r
e
a
ter
the
number
of
B
S
a
ntenna
s
,
the
mo
r
e
the
ba
s
e
s
tation
de
ns
it
y
r
e
duc
e
s
be
c
a
u
s
e
of
the
r
e
duc
e
d
de
ns
if
ica
ti
on
ga
ins
.
Due
to
the
lar
ge
powe
r
c
ons
umpt
ion
of
the
a
na
logue
-
to
-
digi
tal
c
onve
r
ter
,
the
lar
ge
ba
n
dwidth
f
o
r
mm
-
W
a
ve
is
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
[
11
]
.
A
la
r
ge
n
umber
of
a
ntenna
a
r
r
a
ys
de
li
ve
r
s
s
e
ve
r
a
l
o
f
the
r
e
c
e
ived
s
ig
na
ls
or
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
s
with
the
powe
r
ga
ined
c
o
r
r
e
s
ponding
to
the
a
ngles
of
de
pa
r
tur
e
/a
r
r
ival.
T
he
a
c
h
ieva
ble
thr
oughput
is
ne
a
r
ly
e
qua
ll
e
d
to
th
e
ba
ndwidth,
while
powe
r
c
ons
umpt
ion
incr
e
a
s
e
s
li
ne
a
r
ly
due
to
c
onve
r
ti
ng
the
a
na
logue
-
to
-
digi
tal
c
onve
r
ter
in
the
powe
r
c
i
r
c
uit
with
ba
ndwidth.
T
he
high
c
a
pa
c
it
ies
in
5G
de
pe
nd
on
low
powe
r
t
r
a
ns
mi
s
s
ions
a
nd
low
s
ignal
-
to
-
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
-
nois
e
r
a
ti
o
(
S
I
NR
)
,
whic
h
a
r
e
obtaine
d
us
ing
the
mm
-
W
a
ve
ba
nd
s
[
12]
.
T
he
lar
ge
ba
ndwidth
c
ha
nne
l
in
the
mm
-
W
a
ve
us
e
s
t
he
lowe
r
dis
tanc
e
with
highl
y
dir
e
c
ti
ona
l
a
ntenna
s
to
s
e
ve
r
pr
opa
ga
ti
on
pa
th
los
s
a
nd
ge
ne
r
a
te
the
GB
/s
c
omm
unica
ti
on
r
a
tes
.
I
n
a
ddit
ion,
the
mm
-
W
a
ve
ba
nd
r
e
s
tr
icts
the
higher
pa
th
los
s
in
mac
r
o
c
e
ll
s
a
nd
f
e
mt
oc
e
ll
a
nd
a
ls
o
incr
e
a
s
e
s
the
s
pa
ti
a
l
r
e
us
e
of
r
a
dio
r
e
s
our
c
e
in
the
c
e
ll
ular
s
ys
tem.
T
he
mm
-
W
a
ve
f
or
f
e
mt
oc
e
ll
a
nd
ma
c
r
o
c
e
ll
s
c
ould
be
us
e
d
r
e
s
our
c
e
f
ull
y
whe
n
a
n
a
s
s
oc
iation
is
a
c
hieva
ble.
T
he
lowe
r
powe
r
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
of
f
e
mt
oc
e
ll
s
a
nd
th
e
s
ignal
s
e
pa
r
a
ti
on
due
to
dis
pe
r
s
ion
los
s
by
wa
ll
s
may
a
ls
o
r
a
dica
ll
y
li
mi
t
the
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
f
r
om
n
e
ighbour
ing
f
e
mt
oc
e
ll
s
a
nd
mac
r
o
c
e
ll
s
[
13]
.
M
or
e
ove
r
,
the
a
ntenna
in
the
mm
-
W
a
ve
ha
s
a
s
mall
e
f
f
e
c
ted
a
r
e
a
c
a
us
ing
a
los
s
in
e
ne
r
gy
dis
tr
ibut
ion
a
s
the
a
ntenna
ha
s
a
li
mi
ted
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
a
r
e
a
a
nd
c
a
nnot
tr
a
ns
mi
t
mor
e
e
ne
r
gy.
M
or
e
ove
r
,
a
la
r
ge
number
of
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
B
S
s
ne
e
ds
mor
e
wir
e
les
s
powe
r
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ions
.
I
n
a
ddit
ion
,
the
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
i
n
mas
s
ive
M
I
M
O
c
a
n
s
uppr
e
s
s
the
in
ter
f
e
r
e
nc
e
by
us
ing
a
lar
ge
numbe
r
of
a
ntenna
s
to
s
e
r
ve
a
lar
g
e
number
of
UE
s
.
T
he
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
f
or
B
S
c
a
n
pr
ovi
de
f
or
a
ll
c
ove
r
a
ge
a
r
e
a
s
whe
n
the
mm
-
W
a
ve
c
onne
c
ti
on
f
a
il
s
or
doe
s
not
e
xis
t
.
F
r
om
the
e
xis
ti
ng
wor
ks
,
the
a
uth
o
r
s
in
[
13]
de
ve
loped
a
f
r
a
mew
or
k
of
pe
r
f
o
r
manc
e
a
r
e
a
s
pe
c
tr
a
l
e
f
f
icie
nc
y
while
unde
r
s
tudyi
ng
a
n
S
I
NR
in
the
up
li
nk;
ba
s
e
d
on
the
dis
tanc
e
f
r
om
a
l
ine
-
of
-
s
ight
(
L
OS)
a
nd
a
non
-
li
ne
-
of
-
s
ight
(
non
-
L
OS)
us
e
r
in
a
f
r
a
c
ti
ona
l
powe
r
c
ontr
ol
to
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
pa
th
l
os
s
.
T
he
a
uthor
s
in
[
14
]
inves
ti
ga
ted
the
pe
r
f
o
r
manc
e
ne
twor
k
in
the
down
li
nk
f
o
r
5G
hyb
r
id
ne
two
r
ks
that
c
ons
is
ts
both
s
u
b
-
6
GH
z
a
nd
mm
-
W
a
ve
ba
nds
to
a
na
lys
e
the
e
ne
r
gy
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
a
nd
s
pe
c
tr
a
l
e
f
f
icie
nc
y.
T
he
a
uthor
s
in
[
15]
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ted
on
the
tr
a
ns
f
e
r
r
i
ng
of
powe
r
in
c
e
ll
ular
ne
two
r
ks
in
the
upli
nk
by
f
oc
us
ing
on
the
im
pa
c
ts
of
many
a
ntenna
s
a
nd
ba
ndwidths
a
t
lowe
r
a
nd
higher
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
.
T
his
wa
s
in
a
ddit
ion
to
how
many
mm
-
W
a
ve
in
s
mall
c
e
ll
s
c
a
n
be
us
e
d
to
obtain
the
a
c
c
e
pted
leve
l
of
ha
r
ve
s
ted
e
ne
r
gy
mor
e
than
the
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
s
mall
c
e
ll
s
.
F
ur
t
he
r
mor
e
,
to
mi
ti
ga
te
the
e
ne
r
gy
s
c
a
r
c
it
y
in
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
a
nd
mm
-
W
a
ve
,
the
a
uthor
s
in
[
16
]
pr
opos
e
d
the
op
ti
m
a
l
r
a
te
a
nd
e
ne
r
gy
e
f
f
icie
nc
y
f
or
a
phys
ica
l
laye
r
us
ing
th
e
powe
r
c
ons
tr
a
int
s
to
maximi
s
e
the
s
um
r
a
te
in
bot
h
the
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
a
nd
r
e
c
e
iver
.
I
n
a
ddit
ion,
to
opti
mi
s
e
the
e
ne
r
gy
e
f
f
icie
nc
y,
the
a
uthor
s
in
[
16
]
us
e
d
f
r
a
c
ti
ona
l
pr
ogr
a
mm
ing
a
nd
Dinke
lbac
h’
s
a
lgor
it
hm.
T
he
a
ut
hor
s
in
[
17]
be
li
e
ve
d
that
the
h
igh
c
a
pa
c
it
y
in
5G
c
ould
be
a
c
hieve
d
us
ing
hybr
id
c
e
ll
ular
n
e
twor
ks
in
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
a
nd
mm
-
W
a
ve
f
or
s
mall
c
e
ll
s
.
T
o
a
c
hieve
high
c
a
pa
c
it
y,
the
a
uthor
s
in
[
17
]
us
e
d
the
a
na
lyt
ica
l
model
a
nd
d
e
r
ived
the
S
I
NR
a
nd
c
ove
r
a
ge
pr
oba
bil
it
y
in
both
d
ownlink
a
nd
upli
nk.
[
18
-
20]
p
r
opos
e
d
a
n
outer
laye
r
non
-
c
oope
r
a
ti
ve
ga
me
-
theor
e
ti
c
method
to
maximi
s
e
e
ne
r
gy
e
f
f
icie
nc
y
in
the
upli
nk
of
a
hyb
r
id
c
e
ll
ular
s
ys
tem
with
a
f
e
mt
oc
e
ll
a
c
c
e
s
s
point
that
im
pr
ove
s
the
s
u
m
r
a
te
by
c
hoos
ing
a
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
or
mm
-
W
a
ve
.
I
n
thi
s
pa
pe
r
,
we
maximi
s
e
the
a
c
hieve
d
high
t
hr
oughput
with
low
t
r
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
powe
r
s
unde
r
the
pr
opa
ga
ti
on
pa
th
los
s
a
nd
ga
me
theor
y
-
ba
s
e
d
powe
r
c
ons
tr
a
int
s
by
pr
opos
ing
a
nove
l
dis
tr
ibu
ted
powe
r
a
lgor
it
hm
to
mi
ti
ga
te
the
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
in
downli
nk
mas
s
ive
M
I
M
O
f
or
both
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
a
nd
m
m
-
W
a
ve
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
s
.
I
n
a
ddit
ion
to,
t
his
pa
pe
r
a
na
lys
e
s
the
t
ier
he
ter
oge
ne
ous
in
downlink
f
or
both
the
m
m
-
W
a
ve
a
nd
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
to
mi
ti
ga
te
the
int
e
r
-
be
a
m
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
a
nd
a
c
hieva
ble
high
thr
oughput
unde
r
a
ga
me
theo
r
y
-
ba
s
e
d
powe
r
c
ons
tr
a
int
a
c
r
os
s
the
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
a
nd
m
m
-
W
a
ve
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
s
.
F
igu
r
e
1
s
hows
the
s
ys
tem
model
of
mm
-
W
a
ve
e
na
bled
2
-
ti
e
r
He
tNe
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
M
ax
imis
ing
s
y
s
tem
thr
oughput
in
w
ir
e
les
s
pow
e
r
e
d
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
an
d…
(
Qaz
w
an
A
bdull
ah
)
1187
F
igur
e
1
.
S
ys
tem
model
of
mm
-
W
a
ve
e
na
bled
2
-
ti
e
r
He
tNe
t
2.
S
YST
E
M
M
ODE
L
I
n
thi
s
pa
pe
r
,
we
c
ons
ider
a
wi
r
e
les
s
c
e
ll
ular
ne
twor
k
in
the
downlink
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion,
whic
h
c
ons
is
ts
of
a
typi
c
a
l
two
-
ti
e
r
s
mall
c
e
ll
ope
r
a
ti
ng
a
t
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
a
nd
the
mm
-
W
a
ve
f
r
e
que
nc
y
ba
nd.
W
e
a
s
s
ume
that
e
ve
r
y
a
c
ti
ve
us
e
r
(
UE
)
ha
s
a
s
ingl
e
r
e
c
e
iver
a
ntenna
a
nd
is
s
e
r
ve
d
by
the
c
los
e
s
t
B
S
whe
r
e
e
a
c
h
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
s
mall
B
S
is
e
quipped
with
s
e
ve
r
a
l
a
ntenna
s
a
nd
e
ve
r
y
mm
-
wa
ve
s
mall
B
S
ha
s
dir
e
c
ti
ona
l
mm
-
W
a
ve
a
ntenna
s
.
T
he
B
S
with
a
ti
e
r
k
he
ter
oge
ne
ous
ne
twor
k
a
s
s
oc
iate
d
with
UE
s
is
given
a
s
:
=
6
ℎ
,
1
(
1)
whe
r
e
the
k
is
the
powe
r
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
f
r
om
B
S
to
UE
s
,
k
th
,
α
k
is
the
bias
f
a
c
tor
a
nd
1
γ
k
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nts
the
pa
th
los
s
of
UE
s
a
t
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
ing
s
ignals
f
r
om
B
S
to
UE
s
a
t
dis
tanc
e
d
.
T
he
UE
de
pe
nds
on
the
maximu
m
tr
a
n
s
mi
t
ted
powe
r
whe
n
α
k
=
1
,
while
whe
n
α
k
=
0
,
the
UE
de
pe
nds
on
the
maximum
bias
e
d
r
e
c
e
ived
powe
r
.
2.
1.
P
a
t
h
los
s
P
a
th
los
s
(
high
ga
in
dir
e
c
ti
ona
l
be
a
m)
pr
ovides
be
tt
e
r
r
a
dio
f
r
e
que
nc
y
c
ove
r
a
ge
f
or
dis
tanc
e
a
nd
e
s
ti
mating
the
c
e
ll
c
ove
r
a
ge
ba
s
e
d
on
the
number
o
f
B
S
a
nd
U
E
s
.
T
he
s
mall
wa
ve
length
in
mm
-
W
a
ve
make
s
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
ing
be
a
mf
o
r
mi
ng
mor
e
viable
in
the
s
mall
c
e
ll
s
c
ove
r
a
ge
a
r
e
a
by
us
ing
a
lar
ge
a
ntenna
a
r
r
a
y
.
M
or
e
ove
r
,
with
the
va
r
iation
of
the
a
bs
or
pti
on
a
nd
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
e
f
f
e
c
t,
the
pr
opa
ga
ti
on
los
s
a
t
the
mm
-
W
a
ve
is
mor
e
s
igni
f
ica
nt
than
the
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
.
F
u
r
ther
mor
e
,
e
ve
r
y
m
m
-
W
a
ve
B
S
dis
tr
ibut
e
s
mm
-
W
a
ve
r
a
dio
f
r
e
que
nc
y
tr
a
ns
mi
ts
powe
r
to
mm
-
W
a
ve
UE
s
that
ha
s
the
s
malles
t
pa
th
los
s
to
r
e
duc
e
the
be
a
m
,
whi
le
e
ve
r
y
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
B
S
s
tr
a
ns
mi
ts
powe
r
f
or
dis
tr
ibut
ing
e
n
e
r
gy
to
the
a
djac
e
nt
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
UE
[
12
-
18]
.
W
e
will
ha
ve
two
indepe
nde
nt
pa
th
los
s
f
or
the
mm
-
W
a
ve
a
nd
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
be
twe
e
n
e
ve
r
y
B
S
a
nd
UE
s
.
T
he
pa
th
lo
s
s
s
c
a
led
in
dB
ove
r
a
ll
dis
tanc
e
s
c
a
n
be
modelled
in
mm
-
W
a
ve
ρ
mm
(
d
)
a
s
:
(
)
=
{
+
10
ᴪ
ℒ
(
)
+
+
10
ᴪ
(
)
+
(
2)
while
the
pa
th
los
s
f
o
r
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
ρ
6
Gh
z
(
d
)
c
a
n
be
e
xpr
e
s
s
e
d
a
s
:
6
ℎ
(
)
=
20
(
4
0
)
+
10ᴪ
(
)
+
6
ℎ
(
3)
f
r
om
(
2)
,
d
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nts
the
d
is
tanc
e
in
met
r
e
s
,
y
L
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nts
the
z
e
r
o
mea
n
nor
mal
r
a
ndom
log
a
da
ptabl
e
f
or
a
li
ne
o
f
s
ight
,
y
N
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
nts
the
z
e
r
o
mea
n
nor
mal
r
a
ndom
log
a
da
ptable
f
or
non
-
li
ne
of
s
ight
,
ᴪ
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nts
the
pa
th
los
s
e
xpone
nt
f
or
both
li
ne
s
of
s
ight
a
nd
the
f
ixed
pa
th
los
s
is
e
xpr
e
s
s
e
d
a
s
=
32
.
4
+
20
log
(
f
c
)
.
F
r
om
the
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
in
(
3)
,
d
0
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nts
the
c
lo
s
e
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
dis
tanc
e
a
nd
λ
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nts
the
wa
v
e
le
ngth
e
quivale
nt
to
the
c
a
r
r
ier
f
r
e
que
nc
y
f
c
.
T
he
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
powe
r
f
r
om
B
S
in
mm
-
W
a
ve
a
nd
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
to
UE
s
in
downlink
ba
s
e
d
on
a
s
ubc
a
r
r
ier
(
)
,
c
a
n
be
e
xpr
e
s
s
e
d
a
s
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
118
5
-
119
4
1188
(
)
=
{
ℱ
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
6
ℎ
(
)
−
6
ℎ
(
4)
whe
r
e
t
is
the
tr
a
ns
mi
t
powe
r
,
ℱ
(
φ
)
is
the
a
ntenna
ga
in
f
or
the
a
z
im
uthal
a
ngle
φ
of
the
B
S
be
a
m
a
li
gnment
a
nd
Ω
ij
(
ϰ
)
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nts
the
c
ha
nne
l
be
twe
e
n
the
i
th
UE
a
t
t
he
j
th
B
S
f
o
r
s
ubc
a
r
r
ier
ϰ
a
nd
a
ll
c
ha
nne
ls
that
unde
r
go
indepe
nde
nt
identica
ll
y
dis
tr
ibut
ion
(
i.
i.
d.
)
.
W
he
n
the
number
of
a
ntenna
s
goe
s
to
inf
ini
ty,
the
R
a
yleigh
c
ha
nne
l
dis
tr
ibut
ion
f
or
s
ub
-
6Ghz
is
s
uit
a
b
le.
T
he
pa
tt
e
r
n
t
r
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
be
a
m
be
c
omes
pe
r
f
e
c
tl
y
a
li
gne
d
in
the
c
a
s
e
o
f
φ
=
[
φ
0
−
∆
Ꙍ
2
⁄
,
φ
0
−
∆
Ꙍ
2
⁄
]
,
the
∆
Ꙍ
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nts
the
ha
l
f
po
we
r
be
a
m
wid
th
a
nd
the
a
c
ti
ve
us
e
r
in
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
is
a
s
s
umed
to
be
omn
i
-
dir
e
c
ti
on.
B
a
s
e
d
on
mi
ti
ga
ti
ng
the
c
r
os
s
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
of
UE
s
i
n
the
s
ubc
a
r
r
ier
a
nd
the
good
qua
li
ty
o
f
s
e
r
vice
,
we
a
s
s
ume
the
c
onn
e
c
ti
on
ℊ
i
j
(
)
∈
[
0
,
1
]
f
r
om
the
i
th
UE
a
t
the
j
th
B
S
is
c
ompete
nt
to
obtain
the
opti
mal
tr
a
ns
mi
t
powe
r
i
j
of
i
th
UE
.
F
r
om
the
he
ter
oge
ne
ous
ne
twor
k
a
nd
the
f
e
mt
oc
e
ll
a
c
c
e
s
s
point
s
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
in
mm
-
W
a
ve
,
we
e
xpr
e
s
s
the
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
thr
e
s
hold
ζ
mm
(
k
)
of
the
k
th
UE
s
s
ubc
a
r
r
ier
a
s
∑
∑
ℊ
i
j
i
∈
j
∈
(
k
m
)
ij
(
k
m
)
i
j
(
k
m
)
≤
ζ
mm
(
k
m
)
,
whe
r
e
the
m
a
nd
a
r
e
f
e
mt
oc
e
ll
a
c
c
e
s
s
point
s
ope
r
a
ti
ng
in
the
mm
-
W
a
ve
a
nd
the
mac
r
o
c
e
ll
us
e
r
e
quipm
e
nt
in
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
.
T
he
powe
r
l
oa
ding
f
a
c
tor
,
∈
∁
×
is
the
c
ha
nne
l
matr
ix
a
s
s
umed
to
be
indepe
nde
nt
a
nd
identica
ll
y
dis
tr
ibut
e
d
(
i.
i
.
d.
)
.
2.
2.
Ne
t
wor
k
t
h
r
ou
gh
p
u
t
o
f
f
e
m
t
oc
e
ll
s
I
n
the
mm
-
W
a
ve
,
ther
e
is
no
ne
e
d
to
s
igni
f
ica
ntl
y
gr
ow
the
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
due
to
it
s
us
e
of
high
ga
in
dir
e
c
ti
ona
l
a
ntenna
s
.
S
im
il
a
r
ly
,
the
he
ter
oge
ne
ous
ne
twor
k
of
the
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
thr
e
s
hold
tr
a
ns
mi
ts
the
s
ignal
to
the
k
th
UE
s
in
s
ub
-
6
Ghz
f
or
the
mac
r
oc
e
ll
s
a
c
c
e
s
s
point
s
∑
∑
ℊ
∈
∈
(
)
(
)
(
)
≤
6
ℎ
(
)
a
nd
the
s
ub
-
6
Ghz
c
ha
nne
l
powe
r
ga
in
is
c
ontr
oll
e
d
thr
ough
r
a
ndom
pa
th
los
s
f
or
a
lar
ge
number
of
a
ntenna
s
.
M
or
e
ove
r
,
it
c
a
nc
e
ls
the
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
f
r
om
the
int
e
r
a
nd
int
r
a
c
e
ll
s
be
twe
e
n
the
mac
r
o
a
nd
f
e
mt
oc
e
ll
s
to
opti
mi
s
e
the
s
ys
tem
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
of
He
tNe
t,
whe
r
e
ij
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nts
the
magnitude
of
c
ha
nne
l
ga
in
f
r
om
UE
j
to
the
r
e
c
e
iver
of
UE
≠
a
nd
the
inver
s
e
pa
th
los
s
f
r
om
us
e
r
j
to
the
r
e
c
e
iver
of
us
e
r
≠
.
I
n
the
downlink
t
r
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion,
the
mm
-
W
a
ve
B
S
us
e
s
lowe
r
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
of
powe
r
in
the
c
a
s
e
of
a
li
ne
of
s
ight
.
T
he
nois
e
in
a
lar
ge
ba
ndwidth
mm
-
W
a
ve
is
li
mi
ted
a
c
c
or
ding
to
a
UE
in
the
mm
-
W
a
ve
that
us
e
d
a
lowe
r
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
of
powe
r
to
li
mi
t
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
[
21
-
24]
.
B
a
s
e
d
on
the
mul
ti
-
us
e
r
e
quipm
e
nt
in
c
e
ll
ular
ne
twor
ks
a
nd
the
or
thogonalit
y
of
f
r
e
que
nc
y
b
a
nds
f
or
the
dis
tr
ibut
ion
of
a
downlink
s
ignal
-
to
-
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
-
nois
e
r
a
ti
o
(
S
I
NR
)
,
the
mm
-
W
a
ve
s
hould
us
e
lowe
r
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
in
a
li
ne
of
s
ight
to
Ξ
th
on
s
uthe
bc
a
r
r
ier
k
m
of
the
n
th
mul
ti
-
us
e
r
s
e
quipm
e
nt.
T
he
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
of
powe
r
in
S
I
NR
c
onc
e
r
ning
the
c
e
ll
c
ove
r
a
g
e
of
mm
-
W
a
ve
B
S
to
U
E
s
c
a
n
be
wr
i
tt
e
n
a
s
:
(
)
=
(
)
2
(
)
+
(
)
∈
(
5)
whe
r
e
τ
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
nts
the
pa
r
a
mete
r
of
c
e
ntr
e
f
r
e
que
n
c
y
f
or
both
the
mm
-
W
a
ve
a
nd
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
.
T
he
s
e
ns
it
ivi
ty
of
the
mm
-
W
a
ve
is
ba
s
e
d
on
the
c
onne
c
ted
UE
with
a
li
ne
o
f
s
ight
mm
-
W
a
ve
B
S
or
non
-
li
ne
of
s
ight
mm
-
W
a
ve
B
S
.
W
he
n
the
f
e
mt
oc
e
ll
r
e
us
e
s
the
f
r
e
que
nc
y
r
e
s
our
c
e
s
in
a
mac
r
o
c
e
ll
,
the
mac
r
o
c
e
ll
mu
s
t
e
ns
ur
e
r
e
li
a
ble
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion.
T
he
a
va
il
a
ble
r
e
duc
e
d
s
pe
c
tr
um
r
e
quir
e
s
mi
ti
ga
ti
ng
the
S
I
NR
o
f
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
f
or
a
ll
dis
tr
ibut
e
d
pa
th
los
s
of
UE
s
s
e
r
ve
d
by
the
mul
ti
-
us
e
r
e
quipm
e
nt
in
a
c
e
ll
ular
ne
twor
k
[
22
-
25]
.
T
he
ba
ndwid
th
of
s
ub
-
6Ghz
is
s
maller
than
the
ba
ndwidth
f
o
r
the
mm
-
W
a
ve
a
s
the
e
th
f
or
the
mul
ti
-
us
e
r
e
quipm
e
nt
ope
r
a
tes
in
the
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
f
or
s
ubc
a
r
r
ier
k
in
the
mul
ti
-
us
e
r
e
quipm
e
nt.
T
he
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
d
powe
r
to
S
I
NR
of
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
B
S
to
UE
s
c
a
n
be
wr
it
ten
a
s
:
(
)
=
(
)
2
(
)
+
(
)
=
∈
(
6)
whe
r
e
Ι
i
=
τ
2
(
k
)
+
ζ
Ξ
m
(
k
)
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nts
the
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
f
o
r
the
f
e
mt
oc
e
l
l
a
c
c
e
s
s
point
s
.
W
e
a
s
s
umed
that
e
ve
r
y
B
S
ha
s
a
t
lea
s
t
one
UE
who
c
a
n
be
s
e
r
ve
d.
He
nc
e
,
the
S
I
NR
c
ove
r
a
ge
o
f
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
in
the
DL
m
ult
i
-
us
e
r
e
quipm
e
nt
e
th
[
15
,
18
]
c
a
n
be
de
f
ined
a
s
:
ζ
e
m
(
k
)
=
∑
∑
(
1
−
∏
1
ℊ
e
y
(
k
)
=
0
m
y
=
i
)
Ξ
m
(
k
)
+
∑
(
1
−
∏
1
ℊ
i
j
(
k
)
=
0
m
j
=
i
)
e
m
(
k
)
s
u
b
−
6G
z
m
i
=
1
,
i
≠
n
Ξ
i
=
1
m
j
=
1
(
7)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
M
ax
imis
ing
s
y
s
tem
thr
oughput
in
w
ir
e
les
s
pow
e
r
e
d
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
an
d…
(
Qaz
w
an
A
bdull
ah
)
1189
T
he
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
f
r
om
the
int
e
r
c
e
ll
f
or
the
f
e
mt
oc
e
ll
s
is
c
a
nc
e
ll
e
d
to
opti
mi
z
e
s
ignal.
T
he
S
I
NR
c
ove
r
a
ge
f
or
the
mm
-
W
a
ve
in
the
DL
mul
ti
-
us
e
r
e
quipm
e
nt
m
th
s
ubc
a
r
r
ier
c
a
n
be
de
f
ined
a
s
:
ζ
e
m
(
k
m
)
=
∑
∑
(
1
−
∏
1
ℊ
e
y
(
k
m
)
m
y
=
i
)
Ξ
m
(
k
m
)
+
∑
(
1
−
∏
1
ℊ
e
j
(
k
m
)
m
j
=
i
)
e
m
(
k
m
)
m
m
Wa
v
e
m
i
=
1
,
i
≠
M
Ξ
i
=
1
m
j
=
1
(
8)
Due
to
the
de
ns
if
ica
ti
on
ga
in
a
nd
uti
l
is
ing
lar
ge
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
s
mall
c
e
ll
s
,
the
a
c
hieva
ble
high
thr
oughput
c
a
n
be
incr
e
a
s
e
d.
B
y
a
dding
mor
e
f
e
mt
oc
e
ll
s
a
s
f
oll
ows
,
the
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
pr
ovides
a
be
tt
e
r
c
ove
r
a
ge
r
a
te
ℜ
=
Ҁ
log
(
1
+
Γ
e
m
(
k
)
)
f
or
the
high
t
r
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
thr
oughput
with
k
th
UE
s
:
Th
=
∑
ℜ
×
=
1
(
)
∈
(
9)
whe
r
e
Ҁ
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nts
the
s
tr
a
tegy
ve
c
tor
of
m
th
f
e
mt
oc
e
ll
a
c
c
e
s
s
point
in
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
.
T
r
a
ns
mi
tt
ing
the
opti
mal
powe
r
a
ll
oc
a
ti
on
f
r
om
a
n
y
j
th
B
S
to
i
th
us
e
r
s
f
or
a
ny
s
ubc
a
r
r
ier
,
⋋
c
a
n
be
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nted
a
s
i
j
(
⋋
)
,
a
s
the
pa
th
los
s
be
twe
e
n
the
i
th
us
e
r
s
a
nd
j
th
B
S
is
ba
s
e
d
on
the
c
ons
tr
a
int
powe
r
:
i
≤
i
m
a
x
(
10)
whe
r
e
i
m
a
x
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nts
the
maximum
powe
r
f
or
the
U
E
s
a
nd
the
maximum
thr
e
s
hold
i
m
a
x
is
c
ont
r
oll
e
d
whe
n
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
ing
powe
r
f
r
om
B
S
to
e
ve
r
y
UE
s
.
W
he
n
t
he
B
S
tr
a
ns
mi
ts
maximum
powe
r
c
ontr
ol
on
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
,
it
s
c
ove
r
a
ge
is
li
mi
ted.
W
he
n
a
B
S
ne
e
ds
di
r
e
c
t
powe
r
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
f
r
o
m
a
r
e
s
e
r
ve
UE
,
the
B
S
will
be
a
s
s
oc
iate
d
with
the
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
a
c
ti
ve
us
e
r
that
g
ives
the
g
r
e
a
tes
t
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
s
ignal
powe
r
.
T
he
B
S
wil
l
be
a
s
s
oc
iate
d
with
the
mm
-
W
a
ve
B
S
to
give
the
gr
e
a
tes
t
c
onve
nti
ona
l
mm
-
W
a
ve
s
ignal
powe
r
.
T
o
a
c
hieve
high
thr
oug
hput
f
or
the
mul
ti
-
us
e
r
e
quipm
e
nt,
the
powe
r
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
d
s
hould
e
ns
ur
e
the
numbe
r
o
f
mul
t
i
-
us
e
r
e
quipm
e
nt
f
or
S
I
NR
is
s
maller
than
the
tar
ge
t
va
lue
of
S
I
NR
ℾ
i
,
be
c
a
us
e
the
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
ne
twor
ks
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
is
li
mi
ted
a
t
the
lowe
r
budge
t
in
or
de
r
to
obtain
be
tt
e
r
c
ha
nne
l
c
ondit
ions
.
(
)
≥
ℾ
∀
∈
(
11)
whe
r
e
r
m
i
s
the
s
e
t
of
mul
ti
-
us
e
r
e
quipm
e
nt
(
M
UE
)
.
W
e
a
s
s
ume
the
s
ys
tem
ope
r
a
tes
a
t
lowe
r
S
I
NR
to
make
the
e
s
ti
mate
mor
e
tr
a
c
table
.
T
he
opti
mal
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
powe
r
in
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
c
a
n
be
obtaine
d
whe
n
c
on
s
ider
ing
a
huge
number
of
a
ntenna
s
a
s
the
powe
r
g
r
ows
pr
op
or
ti
ona
ll
y
to
the
numbe
r
o
f
a
ntenna
s
.
T
he
lar
ge
tr
a
n
s
mi
s
s
ion
of
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
B
S
s
im
pr
ove
s
the
r
e
c
e
pti
on
of
high
t
hr
oughput
loca
ted
a
t
the
e
dge
c
e
ll
.
T
he
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
in
be
twe
e
n
B
S
a
nd
us
e
r
s
a
r
e
homogene
ous
P
ois
s
on
P
oint
P
r
oc
e
s
s
e
s
(
P
P
P
)
a
ll
oc
a
ted
a
nd
the
e
l
i
mi
na
ti
on
r
e
gion
ne
a
r
by
the
UE
is
the
s
a
me.
I
n
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
mac
r
o
c
e
ll
s
,
ba
s
e
d
on
us
ing
ga
me
theor
y
f
or
powe
r
c
ons
tr
a
int
s
,
the
di
r
e
c
ted
t
r
a
ns
mi
tt
e
d
po
we
r
that
c
ont
r
ols
the
pa
th
los
s
ba
s
e
d
on
us
ing
th
e
pr
icing
f
unc
ti
on
r
(
i
)
f
or
dis
tr
ibut
e
d
U
E
s
f
r
om
[
24
,
25
]
a
n
d
the
c
os
t
f
unc
ti
on
Ӻ
of
the
Na
s
h
E
qui
li
br
ium
is
:
Ӻ
i
(
i
,
Γ
e
m
(
)
)
=
r
i
(
i
)
−
σ
i
(
Γ
e
m
(
)
)
(
12)
T
he
f
i
r
s
t
ter
m
in
(
12)
whic
h
is
r
i
(
i
)
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nts
the
c
os
t
i
nc
ur
r
e
d
by
UE
i
∈
r
a
nd
the
s
e
c
ond
ter
m
,
σ
i
(
Γ
e
m
(
)
)
is
the
de
gr
e
e
of
s
a
ti
s
f
a
c
ti
on
of
a
c
hieving
high
thr
ou
ghput
.
T
o
de
viate
t
r
a
ns
mi
t
powe
r
i
∗
,
the
Na
s
h
E
qui
li
br
ium
is
a
ble
to
e
nha
nc
e
it
s
c
os
t
f
unc
ti
on
by
us
ing
the
tr
a
ns
mi
t
powe
r
a
s
:
Ӻ
i
(
i
∗
,
Γ
e
m
(
i
∗
)
)
≤
Ӻ
i
(
i
∗
,
Γ
e
m
(
1
∗
,
2
∗
…
…
…
,
i
−
1
∗
,
n
+
m
∗
)
)
∀
i
∈
r
(
13)
T
he
de
r
ivative
of
the
Na
s
h
E
quil
ib
r
ium
powe
r
t
ha
t
pr
ovid
e
s
ga
me
theor
y
f
o
r
s
ubs
tantial
powe
r
s
a
vings
Ӻ
(
,
(
)
)
c
onc
e
r
ning
i
a
nd
a
s
s
oc
iating
to
z
e
r
o
is
:
Ӻ
=
−
=
0
(
14)
whe
r
e
∂
Γ
e
m
∂
i
=
ij
Ι
i
,
the
de
r
ivative
o
f
the
uti
li
ty
f
unc
ti
on
c
a
n
be
e
xpr
e
s
s
e
d
a
s
:
=
=
(
15)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
118
5
-
119
4
1190
T
he
[
22
-
26]
gua
r
a
ntee
s
the
a
c
hieva
ble
th
r
oughp
ut
r
e
quir
e
ments
to
obtain
e
f
f
icie
nt
t
r
a
ns
mi
tt
e
d
p
owe
r
by
r
e
duc
ing
the
powe
r
c
ons
umed
a
nd
mi
ti
ga
ti
ng
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
f
r
om
bo
th
the
mul
ti
-
us
e
r
e
quipm
e
nt
a
nd
the
f
e
mt
oc
e
ll
a
c
c
e
s
s
point
s
.
T
he
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
powe
r
c
a
n
be
a
li
mi
ted
unde
r
us
e
d
non
-
c
ohe
r
e
nt
c
ombi
n
a
ti
on
a
nd
the
S
I
NR
to
the
pa
th
ga
in
of
the
UE
f
r
om
the
us
e
r
-
s
pe
c
if
ic
β
i
c
a
n
be
wr
it
ten
a
s
:
=
=
(
16)
I
n
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
,
the
g
r
e
a
ter
c
ove
r
a
ge
a
r
e
a
c
a
n
be
obtaine
d
a
t
lowe
r
S
I
NR
th
r
e
s
holds
.
M
or
e
ove
r
,
the
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
pr
ovides
be
tt
e
r
S
I
NR
due
to
low
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
f
r
om
the
mm
-
W
a
ve
a
t
the
e
dge
c
e
ll
whe
n
the
UE
s
a
r
e
plac
e
d
c
los
e
to
the
B
S
s
.
2.
3.
Dis
t
r
ib
u
t
e
d
t
r
an
s
m
i
t
t
e
d
p
owe
r
all
oc
at
ion
a
lgorit
h
m
b
as
e
d
on
S
I
NR
I
n
de
s
igni
ng
the
c
omm
unica
ti
on
ne
twor
k,
the
t
r
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
powe
r
is
the
ke
y
to
obtaining
high
thr
oughput
in
lar
ge
a
ntenna
a
r
r
a
ys
f
or
de
ns
e
s
mall
c
e
ll
s
.
W
e
p
r
opos
e
us
ing
the
d
is
tr
ibut
e
d
t
r
a
ns
mi
tt
e
d
powe
r
a
lg
or
it
hm
in
or
de
r
to
a
djus
t
the
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
d
powe
r
i
n
the
f
e
mt
oc
e
ll
ba
s
e
d
on
the
mi
c
r
oc
e
ll
/f
e
mt
oc
e
ll
c
o
-
c
ha
nne
l
e
mpl
oyment
ove
r
c
ome.
M
ini
mi
z
ing
the
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
d
powe
r
a
t
the
B
S
to
mul
t
i
-
us
e
r
c
omm
unica
ti
on
is
i
mpor
tant
to
a
c
hieve
c
e
r
tain
S
I
NR
.
F
r
om
(
11
)
,
the
op
ti
mal
Γ
e
m
f
or
e
ve
r
y
s
ub
-
6
Ghz
B
S
s
s
hould
be
e
qua
l
to
the
t
a
r
ge
t
of
ℾ
i
.
T
o
identi
f
y
the
c
os
t
va
r
iation
be
twe
e
n
the
p
r
e
f
e
c
ts
Γ
e
m
a
nd
tar
ge
t
ℾ
i
a
t
non
-
z
e
r
o
leve
ls
of
S
I
NR
i
n
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
,
B
S
s
f
or
UE
c
ould
be
pos
it
ive
a
nd
c
onv
e
x
f
or
both
σ
i
(
Γ
e
m
(
)
)
a
nd
r
i
(
i
)
of
the
s
ub
-
6Ghz
f
or
us
e
r
e
quipm
e
nt
i
∈
r
m
[
26
-
29]
,
c
a
n
be
e
xp
r
e
s
s
e
d
a
s
:
(
)
=
−
(
ℾ
−
)
2
(
17)
(
)
=
0
(
18)
T
he
maximum
s
i
gna
l
powe
r
f
or
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
c
a
n
be
obtaine
d
thr
ough
d
ir
e
c
tl
y
t
r
a
ns
f
e
r
r
e
d
powe
r
f
r
om
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
B
S
to
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
UE
.
F
r
om
(
12)
,
the
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
d
opti
mal
powe
r
a
ll
oc
a
ti
on
f
or
i
th
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
f
or
us
e
r
e
quipm
e
nt
powe
r
a
nd
S
I
NR
c
a
n
be
w
r
it
ten
a
s
:
Ӻ
(
,
)
=
+
(
ℾ
−
,
)
2
∀
∈
(
19)
whe
r
e
x
i
a
nd
v
i
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
the
non
-
ne
ga
ti
ve
we
ight
f
a
c
tor
s
,
a
nd
e
v
i
,
β
i
is
the
loca
l
ga
in
f
or
the
pr
opos
e
d
ga
me
theor
y
in
r
e
ga
r
ds
to
the
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
d
powe
r
a
ll
oc
a
ti
o
n
a
lgor
it
hm.
F
r
om
(
19)
,
the
f
ir
s
t
te
r
m
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
nts
the
pr
icing
powe
r
,
whic
h
is
a
lwa
ys
pos
it
ive.
T
he
mi
ti
ga
ted
S
I
NR
of
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
s
hould
dis
tr
ibut
e
a
ll
the
pa
th
los
s
of
UE
s
s
e
r
ve
d
by
the
us
e
r
e
quipm
e
nt
in
the
c
e
ll
ular
ne
t
wor
k.
T
he
S
I
NR
(
ℾ
i
−
e
v
i
,
β
i
Γ
e
m
)
2
is
a
ls
o
pos
it
ive
due
to
a
s
qua
r
e
o
f
S
I
NR
e
r
r
o
r
.
F
r
om
(
19)
,
the
non
-
ne
ga
ti
ve
f
a
c
tor
s
hould
mi
ti
ga
te
S
I
NR
whe
n
x
i
e
v
i
,
β
i
⁄
<
1
,
while
whe
n
the
s
e
lec
ted
x
i
e
v
i
,
β
i
⁄
>
1
,
the
tr
a
ns
mi
t
powe
r
f
or
us
e
r
s
is
mor
e
im
por
tant
.
Gua
r
a
ntee
ing
the
a
c
hieva
ble
high
thr
oughput
r
e
qu
ir
e
s
obtaining
the
tar
ge
t
Γ
e
f
in
s
ub
-
6
G
Hz
f
or
us
e
r
e
quipm
e
nt
point
s
to
e
ve
r
y
us
e
r
i
∈
r
f
.
Us
ing
the
Na
s
h
E
quil
ibr
ium
yields
s
mall
S
I
NR
f
r
om
the
tar
ge
t
o
f
S
I
NR
.
B
a
s
e
d
on
the
tar
ge
t
ℾ
i
in
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
f
or
the
us
e
r
e
qui
pment,
the
ga
me
theo
r
y
f
o
r
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
d
powe
r
is
r
e
duc
e
d
a
nd
c
r
os
s
-
ti
e
r
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
is
mi
ti
ga
ted
us
ing
the
Na
s
h
E
quil
ibr
ium
f
o
r
i
th
us
e
r
s
;
the
f
ir
s
t
de
r
ivative
o
f
us
e
r
e
quipm
e
nt
in
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
:
Ӻ
=
0
=
−
2
,
(
ℾ
−
,
)
(
20)
Ӻ
=
−
2
,
(
ℾ
−
,
)
(
21)
f
r
om
(
21)
,
the
c
os
ts
f
unc
ti
on
of
us
e
r
e
quipm
e
nt
f
or
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
whe
n
the
∂
Ӻ
i
f
∂
i
=
0
;
the
opti
mal
S
I
NR
c
a
n
b
e
wr
it
ten
a
s
:
̂
=
ℾ
,
−
2
(
,
)
2
(
22)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
M
ax
imis
ing
s
y
s
tem
thr
oughput
in
w
ir
e
les
s
pow
e
r
e
d
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
an
d…
(
Qaz
w
an
A
bdull
ah
)
1191
the
opti
mal
powe
r
c
a
n
be
de
r
ived
f
r
om
(
6)
ba
s
e
d
on
the
opti
mal
S
I
NR
Γ
̂
e
f
of
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
to
dis
tr
ibu
te
th
e
pa
th
los
s
of
UE
s
us
ing
the
Na
s
h
E
quil
ibr
iu
m,
whe
r
e
:
∗
=
[
ℾ
,
−
2
2
2
(
,
)
2
,
0
]
(
23)
f
r
om
(
23)
,
whe
n
the
x
i
→
0
,
the
s
pe
nding
powe
r
incr
e
a
s
e
s
a
nd
the
opti
mal
powe
r
be
c
omes
i
∗
=
Ι
i
ℾ
i
e
v
i
,
β
i
ij
.
W
hil
e
whe
n
the
v
i
→
0
a
nd
x
i
→
0
,
the
op
ti
mal
S
I
NR
c
a
n
be
ob
t
a
ined
a
s
Γ
̂
e
f
=
ℾ
i
.
T
he
ga
me
theor
y
f
or
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
d
powe
r
c
a
n
be
upda
ted
f
o
r
pr
opos
e
d
po
we
r
of
us
e
r
e
quipm
e
nt
in
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
to
a
c
hieve
t
he
a
c
tual
S
I
NR
us
ing
the
mi
nim
um
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
d
powe
r
o
f
us
e
r
i
a
t
r
e
pe
ti
ti
on
k
a
nd
k
+
1
.
T
he
opti
mal
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
d
powe
r
is
ne
e
de
d
in
a
de
ns
e
s
mall
c
e
ll
be
twe
e
n
the
a
c
ti
ve
us
e
r
s
a
nd
is
c
onne
c
ted
to
B
S
.
Noting
whe
n
the
i
k
+
1
=
ϻ
i
k
i
k
c
a
n
b
e
e
xpr
e
s
s
e
d
a
s
:
+
1
=
ℾ
,
−
(
)
2
2
(
)
2
(
,
)
2
,
>
0
(
24)
F
r
om
(
16)
,
(
24
)
s
hould
f
ulf
il
i
(
k
)
≠
0
whe
n
the
k
=
0
,
a
c
c
or
ding
to
the
ne
w
s
pe
c
if
ic
,
in
the
f
ir
s
t
ter
m
in
the
de
nomi
na
to
r
.
(
24)
pr
ov
ides
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
powe
r
ba
lanc
ing.
M
or
e
ove
r
,
in
the
s
e
c
ond
ter
m,
both
the
s
qua
r
e
of
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
(
)
2
(
)
2
⁄
a
nd
s
qua
r
e
loca
l
ga
in
in
the
p
r
opos
e
d
tr
a
ns
mi
t
powe
r
o
f
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
(
e
v
i
,
β
i
k
)
2
a
r
e
ne
ga
ti
ve
in
(
24)
.
T
his
r
e
quir
e
s
(
Ι
i
k
)
2
(
ij
k
)
2
⁄
a
nd
(
e
v
i
,
β
i
k
)
2
to
us
e
a
s
ingl
e
mea
s
ur
e
ment
a
t
e
ve
r
y
r
e
pe
ti
ti
on
f
or
k
a
nd
k
+
1
a
nd
im
pleme
nt
the
dis
tr
ibu
ted
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
d
po
we
r
c
ontr
ol
in
the
f
e
mt
oc
e
ll
a
c
c
e
s
s
point
s
.
2.
4.
mm
-
Wave
T
he
lar
ge
los
s
e
s
a
r
e
c
a
us
e
d
by
the
c
ir
c
uit
p
owe
r
c
ons
umpt
ion
due
to
the
c
onve
r
s
ion
f
r
o
m
a
na
logue
-
to
-
digi
tal
a
nd
the
high
los
s
e
s
in
the
c
ha
n
ne
l
[
30]
.
I
n
thi
s
c
a
s
e
,
the
t
r
a
ns
mi
t
powe
r
is
a
s
c
a
r
c
e
r
e
s
our
c
e
a
nd
the
di
r
e
c
ted
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
d
powe
r
is
c
ontr
oll
e
d
by
the
m
m
-
W
a
ve
pa
th
los
s
.
F
r
om
(
17)
,
(
18)
a
nd
(
12)
,
the
c
os
t
f
unc
ti
on
of
dis
tr
ibut
e
d
t
r
a
ns
mi
t
powe
r
in
mm
-
W
a
ve
c
a
n
be
wr
it
ten
a
s
:
Ӻ
(
,
)
=
(
ℾ
−
)
2
∀
∈
(
25)
the
opti
mal
Γ
i
m
c
ould
be
e
qua
l
to
the
ta
r
ge
t
ℾ
i
f
o
r
e
ve
r
y
a
c
ti
ve
us
e
r
∈
r
m
,
by
the
r
e
s
pe
c
t
the
f
ir
s
t
de
r
ivative
o
f
the
mm
-
W
a
ve
in
ter
m
Γ
e
:
Ӻ
=
0
=
2
−
2
ℾ
26)
f
r
om
t
r
a
ns
mi
tt
e
d
powe
r
o
f
S
I
NR
,
a
nd
ba
s
e
d
on
(
26
)
:
̂
=
ℾ
(
27)
ba
s
e
d
on
the
us
e
of
the
ga
me
theor
y,
the
opti
mal
it
e
r
a
ti
ve
dis
tr
ibut
e
d
powe
r
i
k
+
1
c
a
n
be
obtaine
d
ba
s
e
d
on
(
27)
a
nd
f
r
om
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
ing
S
I
NR
in
(
6
)
whe
n
ij
i
Ι
i
=
ℾ
i
a
s
:
+
1
=
ℾ
=
(
)
ℾ
(
28)
Algorithm I
Iterative
distributed power
Input
,
,
,
,
Identify the cost variation for prefect
and target
ℾ
Collect from every user
at repetition
and location (
,
,
,
,
)
.
Compute
actual
̂
using
the
minimum
transmi
t
power
and
mitigated
cross
-
tier
in
terfer
ence
using the Nash Equilibrium for
ℎ
users.
If
→
0
and
→
0
Compute the actual SINR
̂
=
ℾ
.
Mitigate SINR when
x
i
e
v
i
,
β
i
⁄
<
1
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
118
5
-
119
4
1192
Use the game theory for power transmission by repetition
and
+
1
.
When
→
0
the cost of a power increases
Estimate
(
)
≠
0
according (24).
Use
a
single
measurement
to
mitigated
inte
rference
(
)
2
(
)
2
⁄
and
(
,
)
2
for
every
repetitio
n
k
and
+
1
.
End if
Computing the optimal iterative distributed power
+
1
(28).
3.
RE
S
UL
T
S
AN
D
DI
S
CU
S
S
I
ON
I
n
thi
s
s
e
c
ti
on,
the
pr
opos
e
d
method
is
tes
ted
us
ing
M
AT
L
AB
-
ba
s
e
d
M
onte
C
a
r
lo
s
im
ulations
a
ga
in
s
t
the
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
of
our
p
r
opos
e
d
s
c
he
me.
T
he
f
a
c
tor
s
a
r
e
mm
-
W
a
ve
the
c
a
r
r
ier
f
r
e
que
nc
y
a
t
20GH
z
,
a
va
il
a
ble
ba
ndwidth
a
t
1
GH
z
,
the
s
ub
-
6GH
z
the
c
a
r
r
ier
f
r
e
que
n
c
y
a
t
1
GH
z
a
nd
the
ba
ndwidth
a
t
1M
Hz
.
I
n
F
igur
e
2
,
we
inves
ti
ga
te
the
thr
oughput
ve
r
s
us
the
numbe
r
of
f
e
mt
oc
e
ll
a
c
c
e
s
s
point
s
in
m
m
-
W
a
ve
.
T
he
high
thr
oughput
wa
s
obtaine
d
a
t
the
mi
nim
u
m
S
I
NR
thr
e
s
hold
ℾ
by
s
uppr
e
s
s
ing
the
int
e
r
-
be
a
m
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
a
nd
a
t
a
mi
n
im
um
pa
th
los
s
whe
n
the
number
of
UE
s
incr
e
a
s
e
s
.
T
he
s
hor
t
dis
tanc
e
in
s
mall
c
e
ll
s
r
e
duc
e
s
the
a
t
tenua
ti
on
a
nd
a
bs
or
pti
on
by
li
mi
ti
ng
the
e
f
f
e
c
ts
o
f
c
r
os
s
i
nter
f
e
r
e
nc
e
of
U
E
s
in
the
s
ubc
a
r
r
ier
to
pr
o
vide
the
high
thr
oughput.
T
he
mm
-
W
a
ve
pr
ovides
be
tt
e
r
c
ove
r
a
ge
f
or
us
e
r
s
a
t
c
e
ll
e
dge
s
with
a
g
r
e
a
ter
S
I
NR
.
W
he
n
a
us
e
r
in
the
mm
-
W
a
ve
is
loca
ted
ne
a
r
e
s
t
to
the
ne
ighbou
r
ing
B
S
s
,
they
e
xpe
r
ienc
e
low
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
.
F
r
o
m
F
ig
ur
e
2,
by
de
ployi
ng
the
de
ns
if
ica
ti
on
ga
in,
the
high
thr
ou
ghput
f
o
r
M
onta
C
a
r
lo
s
im
ulation
pr
ovides
mor
e
th
r
oughput
than
lowe
r
bound
whe
n
de
ployi
ng
a
la
r
ge
number
of
a
ntenna
a
r
r
a
ys
in
the
mm
-
W
a
ve
B
S
,
with
dis
tr
ib
uted
UE
s
=
100
a
nd
=
50.
F
r
om
F
ig
u
r
e
1
,
whe
n
the
number
of
f
e
mt
oc
e
ll
a
c
c
e
s
s
point
is
50
a
nd
the
h
igh
th
r
oug
hput
is
2.
3Gbps
ba
s
e
d
on
the
number
of
dis
tr
ibut
e
d
UE
s
=
100
while
the
high
thr
oughput
is
1.
25
Gbps
whe
n
the
number
o
f
dis
tr
ibut
e
d
UE
s
=
50.
T
he
numbe
r
of
f
e
mt
oc
e
ll
a
c
c
e
s
s
point
s
c
a
us
e
s
lar
ge
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
in
the
ove
r
a
ll
ne
twor
k
due
to
the
number
of
dis
tr
ibut
e
d
us
e
r
s
in
e
ve
r
y
f
e
mt
oc
e
ll
.
I
n
F
igur
e
3
,
we
inves
ti
ga
te
the
thr
oughput
ve
r
s
us
th
e
number
of
f
e
mt
oc
e
ll
a
c
c
e
s
s
point
s
in
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
.
T
he
S
I
NR
wil
l
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
a
nd
r
e
duc
e
the
in
ter
-
be
a
m
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
ba
s
e
d
on
low
dis
tr
ibu
ted
powe
r
t
r
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
f
or
moveme
nt
UE
s
a
t
the
f
e
mt
oc
e
ll
a
c
c
e
s
s
point
.
T
he
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
pr
ovides
a
high
thr
oughput
to
UE
s
in
the
de
ns
e
s
mall
c
e
ll
s
whe
n
the
number
of
f
e
mt
oc
e
l
ls
incr
e
a
s
e
s
due
to
low
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
f
r
om
the
ne
igh
bour
ing
c
e
ll
s
.
F
r
om
F
ig
ur
e
3,
the
M
onta
C
a
r
lo
s
im
ulation
i
mpr
ove
s
thr
oughput
mor
e
than
the
a
na
lyt
ica
l
lowe
r
bound.
W
he
n
the
number
of
f
e
mt
oc
e
ll
s
=
40,
the
pe
r
f
or
ma
nc
e
thr
oughput
=
44
M
bps
a
t
a
number
of
UE
s
=
1
00,
while
a
t
s
a
me
va
lues
f
or
the
number
o
f
f
e
mt
oc
e
ll
s
,
the
p
e
r
f
or
manc
e
thr
oughp
ut
in
a
ll
ne
twor
ks
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
to
23M
bps
whe
n
the
number
of
moveme
nts
is
UE
s
=
50
.
M
or
e
ove
r
,
whe
n
the
UE
s
a
r
e
loca
ted
ne
a
r
the
B
S
,
the
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
pr
ovides
be
tt
e
r
c
ove
r
a
ge
ba
s
e
d
on
the
lowe
r
S
I
N
R
thr
e
s
hold
a
nd
the
lowe
r
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
f
r
om
a
djac
e
nt
UE
s
.
F
inally,
F
igur
e
3
s
hows
the
incr
e
ment
of
high
th
r
ou
ghput
whe
n
the
number
of
f
e
mt
oc
e
ll
a
c
c
e
s
s
point
s
incr
e
a
s
e
s
.
F
igur
e
2.
T
h
r
oughput
ve
r
s
us
f
e
mt
oc
e
ll
a
c
c
e
s
s
point
s
in
mm
-
W
a
ve
F
igur
e
3.
T
h
r
oughput
ve
r
s
us
the
number
o
f
f
e
mt
oc
e
ll
a
c
c
e
s
s
point
s
in
s
ub
-
6GH
z
F
igur
e
4
p
r
e
s
e
nts
thr
oughput
ve
r
s
us
the
number
of
f
e
mt
oc
e
ll
a
c
c
e
s
s
point
s
de
pe
nding
on
the
c
ontr
oll
e
d
powe
r
.
T
he
powe
r
tr
a
ns
mi
ts
in
mm
-
W
a
ve
B
S
to
UE
s
is
lowe
r
ba
s
e
d
on
the
c
ontr
ol
e
ne
r
gy
h
a
r
ve
s
ted
c
r
e
a
ted
f
r
om
the
digi
tal
-
to
-
a
na
logue
c
onve
r
ter
(
DA
C
)
a
nd
the
lar
ge
number
of
a
ntenna
s
f
or
R
F
c
h
a
ins
a
nd
e
ne
r
gy
pr
opa
ga
ti
on
los
s
in
the
downlink.
T
he
lo
w
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
powe
r
in
the
mm
-
W
a
v
e
is
mor
e
viable
a
nd
pr
ovides
high
th
r
oughput
f
or
a
ll
f
e
mt
oc
e
ll
s
with
c
ontr
oll
e
d
powe
r
,
while
the
thr
oughpu
t
is
s
mall
without
c
ontr
oll
ing
the
dis
tr
ibut
e
d
powe
r
a
s
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
4.
How
e
ve
r
,
whe
n
the
numbe
r
of
f
e
mt
oc
e
ll
s
=
20
,
the
high
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
M
ax
imis
ing
s
y
s
tem
thr
oughput
in
w
ir
e
les
s
pow
e
r
e
d
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
an
d…
(
Qaz
w
an
A
bdull
ah
)
1193
thr
oughput
=
5Gbps
with
c
ontr
oll
e
d
dis
tr
ibut
e
d
t
r
a
ns
mi
t
powe
r
,
while
the
high
thr
oughput
=
1
Gps
without
c
ontr
ol
dis
tr
ibut
e
d
powe
r
.
M
or
e
o
ve
r
,
the
dis
tr
ibut
e
d
powe
r
in
the
f
e
mt
oc
e
ll
of
U
E
s
de
pe
nds
on
S
I
NR
in
or
de
r
to
mi
ti
ga
te
c
r
os
s
-
ti
e
r
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
a
t
the
m
icr
oc
e
ll
a
nd
pr
ovides
a
be
tt
e
r
indoor
voice
a
nd
lowe
r
c
ons
umpt
ion
of
powe
r
r
e
s
ult
ing
in
p
r
olonger
ba
t
ter
y
l
if
e
.
T
his
is
due
to
c
ontr
oll
i
ng
dis
tr
ibu
ted
powe
r
in
mm
-
W
a
ve
B
S
that
us
e
s
a
loca
l
ga
in
e
v
i
,
β
i
k
to
mi
ti
ga
te
S
I
NR
.
F
r
om
F
igur
e
5
,
the
high
th
r
oughput
c
a
n
be
obtain
e
d
f
or
the
mm
-
W
a
ve
with
low
t
r
a
ns
mi
tt
e
d
powe
r
.
T
he
high
thr
oughput
c
a
n
be
ob
taine
d
due
to
the
mm
-
W
a
ve
dir
e
c
ti
vit
y
a
nd
de
ns
i
f
ica
ti
on
ga
i
ne
d
f
or
the
mm
-
W
a
ve
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
d
powe
r
r
a
nging
f
r
om
(
-
10,
10
)
dB
m
.
T
he
thr
oughput
f
o
r
the
m
m
-
W
a
ve
in
lowe
r
bound
give
the
s
mall
va
lue
of
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
ing
powe
r
f
r
om
(
-
10,
8
)
dB
m,
c
ompar
e
d
with
the
mm
-
W
a
ve
M
onta
C
a
r
lo
s
im
ulation
of
S
I
NR
a
nd
a
na
lyt
ic
a
l
S
I
NR
.
T
he
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
d
powe
r
is
domi
na
ted
by
the
mm
-
W
a
ve
pa
th
los
s
a
nd
the
mm
-
W
a
ve
B
S
is
a
da
pted
to
dis
tr
ibut
e
powe
r
a
c
ti
ve
UE
s
a
nd
be
gin
s
a
tur
a
ti
on
whe
n
Q
=
9
dB
m.
T
he
dir
e
c
ti
ona
l
be
a
mf
o
r
mi
ng
a
nd
the
high
ga
in
in
the
t
r
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
li
m
it
the
e
f
f
e
c
ts
of
the
pa
th
los
s
a
nd
mul
ti
-
pa
th
f
or
the
mm
-
W
a
ve
a
nd
a
r
e
a
dopted
a
t
e
a
c
h
mm
-
W
a
ve
s
mall
B
S
.
F
r
om
F
igur
e
5
,
the
th
r
oughput
va
lues
pr
ovide
a
c
ons
tant
va
lue
a
nd
r
e
a
c
he
s
s
a
tur
a
ti
on
whe
n
the
Q
=
9
dB
m
.
F
igur
e
4.
T
h
r
oughput
ve
r
s
us
the
number
of
f
e
mt
oc
e
ll
a
c
c
e
s
s
point
s
F
igur
e
5.
T
h
r
oughput
ve
r
s
us
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
d
powe
r
4.
CONC
L
USI
ON
I
n
th
is
pa
pe
r
,
we
a
na
lys
e
d
the
pr
opa
ga
ti
on
pa
th
los
s
f
or
mac
r
o
c
e
ll
s
a
nd
f
e
mt
oc
e
ll
s
in
the
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
a
nd
mm
-
W
a
ve
ti
e
r
s
ba
s
e
d
on
a
pr
opos
e
d
nove
l
dis
tr
ibut
e
d
ga
me
theor
y
f
or
the
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
of
powe
r
to
mi
ti
ga
te
the
int
e
r
-
be
a
m
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
.
T
he
mm
-
W
a
ve
pr
ovides
high
c
ove
r
a
ge
pe
r
f
o
r
manc
e
a
nd
outper
f
or
ms
it
s
s
ub
-
6
GH
z
c
ounter
pa
r
t
be
c
a
us
e
the
mm
-
W
a
ve
li
m
it
s
nois
e
to
inc
r
e
a
s
e
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
i
on
powe
r
a
nd
the
di
r
e
c
ti
ona
l
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
of
the
s
ignal
is
mor
e
r
e
s
is
tant
to
e
a
ve
s
dr
opping.
T
he
low
powe
r
s
hould
e
ns
ur
e
that
the
n
umber
o
f
mul
ti
-
us
e
r
s
f
or
co
-
c
ha
nne
l
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
e
quipm
e
nt
f
or
S
I
NR
be
c
omes
s
mall
f
or
the
tar
ge
t
va
lue
of
S
I
NR
to
gua
r
a
ntee
maximum
ne
twor
k
thr
oughput
a
nd
mi
ti
g
a
te
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
f
or
bo
th
mul
ti
-
us
e
r
e
quipm
e
nt
a
nd
f
e
mt
oc
e
ll
a
c
c
e
s
s
point
s
.
AC
KNOWL
E
DGE
M
E
NT
S
T
he
a
uthor
s
would
li
ke
to
a
c
knowle
dge
the
f
undin
g
s
uppor
t
pr
ovided
by
Unive
r
s
it
i
T
un
Hus
s
e
in
Onn
M
a
lays
ia
(
UT
HM
)
unde
r
T
I
E
R
1
gr
a
nt
Vot
H24
3
a
nd
F
R
GS
Gr
a
nt
S
c
he
me
(
Vote
No:
K190)
.
RE
F
E
RE
NC
E
S
[1
]
G
.
R.
Mac
Cart
n
ey
,
et
al
.
,
“Pat
h
l
o
s
s
mo
d
el
s
fo
r
5
G
mi
l
l
i
met
er
w
av
e
p
ro
p
ag
a
t
i
o
n
c
h
an
n
el
s
i
n
u
rb
a
n
mi
cr
o
cel
l
s
,
”
I
E
E
E
G
l
o
b
a
l
Co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
t
i
o
n
s
Co
n
f
er
en
ce,
E
x
h
i
b
i
t
i
o
n
&
In
d
u
s
t
r
y
F
o
r
u
m
(G
LO
B
E
CO
M
)
,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
]
A.
I.
Su
l
y
man
,
et
al
.
,
“
Rad
i
o
p
ro
p
ag
a
t
i
o
n
p
a
t
h
l
o
s
s
mo
d
el
s
fo
r
5
G
cel
l
u
l
ar
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
i
n
t
h
e
2
8
G
H
z
an
d
3
8
G
H
z
mi
l
l
i
me
t
er
-
w
a
v
e
b
an
d
s
,
”
IE
E
E
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
M
a
g
a
z
i
n
e
,
v
o
l
.
5
2
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
7
8
-
8
6
,
Sep
2
0
1
4
.
[3
]
W
.
Ro
h
,
e
t
al
.
,
“Mi
l
l
i
met
er
-
w
av
e
b
eamf
o
rmi
n
g
a
s
a
n
en
a
b
l
i
n
g
t
ec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
fo
r
5
G
ce
l
l
u
l
ar
co
mm
u
n
i
cat
i
o
n
s
:
T
h
e
o
ret
i
cal
feas
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
an
d
p
r
o
t
o
t
y
p
e
res
u
l
t
s
,
”
IE
E
E
co
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
m
a
g
a
z
i
n
e
,
v
o
l
.
5
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
0
6
-
1
1
3
,
Feb
ru
ar
y
2
0
1
4
.
[4
]
S.
A
l
o
t
a
i
b
i
,
an
d
R.
A
k
l
,
“Sel
f
-
ad
j
u
s
t
me
n
t
d
o
w
n
l
i
n
k
t
ran
s
mi
s
s
i
o
n
p
o
w
er
fo
r
femt
o
cel
l
s
i
n
co
-
ch
a
n
n
e
l
d
ep
l
o
y
men
t
in
h
et
er
o
g
e
n
eo
u
s
n
e
t
w
o
rk
s
,
”
IE
E
E
A
n
n
u
a
l
Co
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
t
i
o
n
W
o
r
k
s
h
o
p
a
n
d
Co
n
f
e
r
en
ce
(CCW
C
),
La
s
V
e
g
a
s
,
NV
,
U
S
A
,
pp.
1
-
6
,
J
an
u
ary
2
0
1
7
.
[5
]
C.
X
.
W
an
g
,
et
al
.
,
“Cel
l
u
l
ar
arch
i
t
ec
t
u
re
an
d
k
e
y
t
ech
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
fo
r
5
G
w
i
rel
es
s
co
mm
u
n
i
cat
i
o
n
n
et
w
o
rk
s
,
”
IE
E
E
co
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
m
a
g
a
z
i
n
e
,
v
o
l
.
5
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
2
2
-
1
3
0
,
Feb
ru
ar
y
2
0
1
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
118
5
-
119
4
1194
[6
]
T
.
K
i
m,
e
t
al
.
,
“T
e
n
s
o
f
G
b
p
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
w
i
t
h
mmW
a
v
e
b
eamfo
rmi
n
g
s
y
s
t
em
s
fo
r
n
ex
t
g
e
n
erat
i
o
n
co
mm
u
n
i
cat
i
o
n
s
,
”
IE
E
E
G
l
o
b
a
l
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
Co
n
f
e
r
en
ce
(
G
LO
B
E
C
O
M
),
A
t
l
a
n
t
a
,
G
A
,
U
S
A
,
p
p
.
3
6
8
5
-
3
6
9
0
,
D
ec
2
0
1
3
.
[7
]
F.
Bo
ccard
i
,
et
al
.
,
“Fi
v
e
d
i
s
ru
p
t
i
v
e
t
ech
n
o
l
o
g
y
d
i
rect
i
o
n
s
fo
r
5
G
,
”
IE
E
E
Co
mmu
n
.
Mag
.
,
v
o
l
.
5
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
7
4
–
8
0
,
Feb
ru
ar
y
2
0
1
4
.
[8
]
A
.
Sal
h
,
et
al
.
"
E
n
erg
y
-
E
ffi
c
i
en
t
Po
w
er
A
l
l
o
cat
i
o
n
fo
r
Mu
l
t
i
u
s
er
-
D
o
w
n
l
i
n
k
Mas
s
i
v
e
MIMO
Sy
s
t
em
,
"
IE
E
E
A
c
ces
s
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
3
1
4
-
1
3
2
6
,
D
ec.
2
0
1
9
.
[9
]
A
.
Sal
h
,
et
a
l
.
"
Mi
t
i
g
a
t
i
n
g
P
i
l
o
t
C
o
n
t
ami
n
at
i
o
n
fo
r
Ch
an
n
e
l
E
s
t
i
m
at
i
o
n
i
n
M
u
l
t
i
-
Ce
l
l
Ma
s
s
i
v
e
MIM
O
Sy
s
t
e
ms
.
"
W
i
r
el
e
s
s
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
pp.
1
-
1
6
,
Feb
.
2
0
2
0
.
[1
0
]
G
.
Y
an
g
,
et
al
.
,
“T
h
ro
u
g
h
p
u
t
o
p
t
i
m
i
zat
i
o
n
fo
r
mas
s
i
v
e
MIMO
s
y
s
t
ems
p
o
w
ered
b
y
w
i
re
l
es
s
en
erg
y
t
ran
s
fer,
”
IE
E
E
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
n
S
e
l
ect
e
d
A
r
e
a
s
i
n
Co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
3
3
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
1
6
4
0
-
1
6
5
0
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
1
5
.
[1
1
]
H
.
Sh
o
k
r
i
-
G
h
ad
i
k
o
l
a
ei
,
et
a
l
.
,
“Sp
ect
ru
m
s
h
ar
i
n
g
i
n
m
mW
av
e
cel
l
u
l
ar
n
e
t
w
o
rk
s
v
i
a
ce
l
l
as
s
o
c
i
at
i
o
n
,
co
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
,
an
d
b
eamf
o
rmi
n
g
,
”
IE
E
E
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
n
S
e
l
ect
e
d
A
r
ea
s
i
n
Co
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
3
4
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
2
9
0
2
-
2
9
1
7
,
N
o
v
2
0
1
6
.
[1
2
]
L
.
W
an
g
,
an
d
K
.
K
.
W
o
n
g
,
“E
n
er
g
y
co
v
era
g
e
i
n
w
i
rel
es
s
p
o
w
ere
d
s
u
b
-
6
g
h
z
an
d
mi
l
l
i
met
er
w
a
v
e
d
e
n
s
e
cel
l
u
l
a
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
,
”
IE
E
E
In
t
er
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
er
e
n
ce
o
n
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
ca
t
i
o
n
s
(ICC),
P
a
r
i
s
,
F
r
a
n
ce,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
May
2
0
1
7
.
[1
3
]
T
.
Mi
r,
et
al
.
,
“O
p
t
i
ma
l
Femt
o
cel
l
D
en
s
i
t
y
fo
r
Max
i
m
i
zi
n
g
T
h
ro
u
g
h
p
u
t
i
n
5
G
H
et
ero
g
e
n
eo
u
s
N
et
w
o
rk
s
u
n
d
er
O
u
t
ag
e
Co
n
s
t
ra
i
n
t
s
,
”
IE
E
E
8
6
t
h
V
e
h
i
c
u
l
a
r
Tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
Co
n
f
e
r
e
n
ce
(V
TC
-
F
a
l
l
),
To
r
o
n
t
o
,
O
N,
Ca
n
a
d
a
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
Sep
2
0
1
7
.
[1
4
]
M.
S.
O
mar,
et
al
.
,
“Mu
l
t
i
-
o
b
j
ect
i
v
e
o
p
t
i
m
i
zat
i
o
n
i
n
5
G
h
y
b
ri
d
n
e
t
w
o
rk
s
,
”
IE
E
E
In
t
er
n
et
o
f
T
h
i
n
g
s
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
,
v
o
l
.
5
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
5
8
8
-
1
5
9
7
,
J
u
n
.
2
0
1
8
.
[1
5
]
L
.
W
an
g
,
et
al
.
,
“W
i
rel
es
s
p
o
w
ere
d
d
en
s
e
cel
l
u
l
ar
n
et
w
o
rk
s
:
H
o
w
man
y
s
ma
l
l
cel
l
s
d
o
w
e
n
ee
d
?
”
IE
E
E
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
n
S
el
ec
t
ed
A
r
ea
s
i
n
Co
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
3
5
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
2
0
1
0
-
2
0
2
4
,
Sep
2
0
1
7
.
[1
6
]
M.
H
as
h
em
i
,
et
a
l
.
,
“
E
n
er
g
y
-
E
ffi
c
i
en
t
P
o
w
er
a
n
d
Ba
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
A
l
l
o
cat
i
o
n
i
n
a
n
In
t
eg
ra
t
ed
Su
b
-
6
G
H
z
-
M
i
l
l
i
me
t
er
W
av
e
Sy
s
t
em,
”
a
r
X
i
v
p
r
ep
r
i
n
t
a
r
X
i
v:
1
7
1
0
.
0
0
9
8
0
,
p
p
.
1
-
25
,
O
c
t
2
0
1
7
.
[1
7
]
H
.
E
l
s
h
aer,
et
al
.
,
“D
o
w
n
l
i
n
k
an
d
u
p
l
i
n
k
cel
l
as
s
o
c
i
at
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
t
rad
i
t
i
o
n
al
macro
cel
l
s
an
d
mi
l
l
i
me
t
er
w
av
e
s
mal
l
cel
l
s
,
”
IE
E
E
Tr
a
n
s
a
ct
i
o
n
s
o
n
W
i
r
e
l
es
s
Co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
t
i
o
n
s
,
vol.
1
5
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
6
2
4
4
-
6
2
5
8
,
Sep
2
0
1
6
.
[1
8
]
H
.
Mu
n
i
r,
et
al
.
,
“E
n
er
g
y
effi
c
i
e
n
t
res
o
u
rce
a
l
l
o
cat
i
o
n
i
n
5
G
h
y
b
ri
d
h
e
t
ero
g
en
e
o
u
s
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
:
A
g
ame
t
h
e
o
r
et
i
c
ap
p
r
o
ach
,
”
IE
E
E
8
4
t
h
V
e
h
i
c
u
l
a
r
Tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
Co
n
f
e
r
en
c
e
(V
TC
-
F
a
l
l
),
M
o
n
t
r
e
a
l
,
Q
C,
Ca
n
a
d
a
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
Sep
2
0
1
6
.
[1
9
]
A
.
Sal
h
,
e
t
al
.
,
“Pi
l
o
t
reu
s
e
s
e
q
u
e
n
ce
s
fo
r
T
D
D
i
n
d
o
w
n
l
i
n
k
m
u
l
t
i
-
ce
l
l
s
t
o
i
m
p
ro
v
e
d
a
t
a
rat
e
s
.
”
TE
LK
O
M
N
IKA
Tel
eco
m
m
u
n
i
ca
t
i
o
n
Co
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
E
l
ect
r
o
n
i
c
s
a
n
d
Co
n
t
r
o
l
,
vol.
1
7
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
2
1
6
1
-
2
1
6
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
0
]
M
.
A
.
A
n
j
u
m.
“A
N
e
w
A
p
p
ro
ac
h
t
o
L
i
n
ear
E
s
t
i
ma
t
i
o
n
Pro
b
l
em
i
n
Mu
l
t
i
-
u
s
er
Mas
s
i
v
e
MIMO
Sy
s
t
ems
,”
a
r
X
i
v
p
r
e
p
r
i
n
t
a
r
X
i
v:
1
5
0
4
.
0
7
4
2
6
.
A
p
r
2
0
1
5
.
[2
1
]
S.
Si
n
g
h
,
et
al
.
,
“
T
ract
a
b
l
e
m
o
d
e
l
fo
r
rat
e
i
n
s
el
f
-
b
ack
h
au
l
e
d
mi
l
l
i
me
t
er
w
av
e
cel
l
u
l
ar
n
e
t
w
o
rk
s
,
”
IE
E
E
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
n
S
el
ec
t
e
d
A
r
ea
s
i
n
Co
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
3
3
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
2
1
9
6
-
2
2
1
1
,
O
ct
2
0
1
5
.
[2
2
]
X
.
Z
h
o
u
,
et
al
.
,
“D
y
n
ami
c
p
o
w
er
co
n
t
r
o
l
fo
r
max
i
mi
z
i
n
g
s
y
s
t
em
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
i
n
en
t
erp
r
i
s
e
femt
o
cel
l
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
,
”
In
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
er
e
n
ce
o
n
Net
wo
r
ki
n
g
a
n
d
Net
wo
r
k
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
(N
a
NA
),
H
a
ko
d
a
t
e,
Ja
p
a
n
,
p
p
.
1
8
4
-
1
8
9
,
J
u
l
y
2
0
1
6
.
[2
3
]
R.
E
s
t
rad
a,
et
al
.
,
“Bas
e
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
e
l
ect
i
o
n
an
d
res
o
u
rce
al
l
o
ca
t
i
o
n
i
n
macro
–
fem
t
o
ce
l
l
n
e
t
w
o
rk
s
u
n
d
er
n
o
i
s
y
s
cen
ar
i
o
,
”
W
i
r
e
l
es
s
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
,
v
o
l
.
2
0
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
1
5
-
1
3
1
,
J
an
2
0
1
4
.
[2
4
]
M.
S.
O
mar,
et
al
.
,
“Perfo
rma
n
ce
an
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
h
y
b
r
i
d
5
G
cel
l
u
l
ar
n
e
t
w
o
rk
s
ex
p
l
o
i
t
i
n
g
mmW
a
v
e
cap
a
b
i
l
i
t
i
e
s
i
n
s
u
b
u
rb
a
n
areas
,
”
I
E
E
E
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
er
e
n
ce
o
n
Co
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
(ICC),
Ku
a
l
a
Lu
m
p
u
r
,
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
May
2
0
1
6
.
[2
5
]
H
.
E
l
s
h
aer
,
et
al
.
,
“D
o
w
n
l
i
n
k
an
d
U
p
l
i
n
k
Cel
l
A
s
s
o
ci
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
Su
b
-
6
G
H
z
an
d
Mi
l
l
i
me
t
er
W
av
e
5
G
H
et
ero
g
en
e
o
u
s
N
et
w
o
r
k
s
,
”
IE
E
E
G
l
o
b
eco
m
W
o
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
(G
C
W
k
s
h
p
s
),
W
a
s
h
i
n
g
t
o
n
,
D
C,
U
S
A
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
D
ec
2
0
1
6
.
[2
6
]
T
.
A
l
p
ca
n
,
et
al
.
,
“CD
MA
u
p
l
i
n
k
p
o
w
er
co
n
t
ro
l
as
a
n
o
n
-
co
o
p
era
t
i
v
e
g
ame,
”
W
i
r
el
e
s
s
Net
w
o
r
k
s
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
6
,
pp.
6
5
9
-
6
7
0
,
N
o
v
emb
er
2
0
0
2
.
[2
7
]
V
.
Ch
an
d
ras
e
k
h
ar,
et
a
l
.
,
“Po
w
er
co
n
t
ro
l
i
n
t
w
o
-
t
i
er
femt
o
cel
l
n
e
t
w
o
rk
s
,
”
IE
E
E
Tr
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
W
i
r
e
l
es
s
Co
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
2
,
O
ct
2
0
0
8
.
[2
8
]
S.
K
o
s
k
i
e,
a
n
d
Z
.
G
aj
i
c,
“A
N
as
h
g
am
e
al
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
fo
r
S
IR
-
b
as
e
d
p
o
w
er
c
o
n
t
ro
l
i
n
3
G
w
i
rel
e
s
s
C
D
MA
n
e
t
w
o
rk
s
,
”
IE
E
E
/
A
CM
Tr
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
Net
wo
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