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©
2016 U
n
i
ve
r
si
t
a
s A
h
m
ad
D
ah
l
an
.
A
l
l
r
i
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h
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s r
ese
r
ved
.
1
.
I
nt
roduc
t
i
on
I
ndone
s
i
a i
s
a nat
i
o
n
w
i
t
h r
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[
1]
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c
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s
of
m
any
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s
w
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.
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[
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T
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1
6
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A
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f
r
om
t
he v
i
s
i
bl
e i
m
age
c
o
nt
ai
ni
n
g t
he
s
pi
k
e,
t
o det
e
c
t
t
he
pr
e
s
en
c
e
of
t
he
s
pi
k
e,
s
pi
k
e
l
oc
at
i
o
n
det
e
c
t
i
on
i
s
c
a
r
r
i
ed
out
.
T
he
goa
l
t
hi
s
r
es
ea
r
c
h
i
s
t
o
det
er
m
i
ne
of
t
he
s
pi
k
e
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
t
ime
.
2
.
1
.
Sp
i
k
e
D
e
t
e
c
t
i
on
b
y
us
i
ng
A
bs
ol
ut
e
V
a
l
u
e
(AV
)
T
he
det
e
c
t
i
o
n of
t
hi
s
m
et
hod i
s
ba
s
ed
on
f
i
ndi
ng
t
h
e ab
s
ol
ut
e v
a
l
ue of
a
s
i
g
n
al
[
7]
.
T
o
det
er
m
i
ne t
h
e s
pi
k
e ex
i
s
t
enc
e,
t
he pr
es
e
nc
e of
t
hr
es
hol
d i
s
n
e
c
e
s
s
ar
y
,
and
onl
y
t
hos
e t
hat
ex
c
ee
d
t
he
t
hr
es
hol
d
w
i
l
l
b
e
c
on
s
i
d
er
e
d
as
s
pi
k
es
.
(
)
=
1
|
(
)
|
>
Th
r
0
|
(
)
|
≤
Th
r
(
1)
F
r
om
e
quat
i
o
n
(
1)
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
of
t
he
s
pi
k
e
s
i
gnal
s
p
(
m
)
w
i
l
l
be
eq
ual
t
o
one,
i
f
t
he
v
al
ue
of
x
(
m
)
ex
c
eed
e
d
or
g
r
eat
e
r
t
han
t
he
t
h
r
e
s
hol
d
T
h
r
an
d
w
i
l
l
be
z
e
r
o
i
f
t
he
v
al
ue
do
es
n
ot
ex
c
ee
d
x
(
m
)
equ
al
t
o
or
l
es
s
t
han
t
he
t
hr
e
s
hol
d
v
al
ue.
[
10]
2
.
2
.
The
S
p
i
ke
D
et
e
c
t
i
on
us
i
ng
N
E
O
T
he det
e
c
t
i
o
n of
t
he N
on
l
i
near
E
n
er
gy
O
per
at
o
r
(
N
E
O
)
or
T
e
ag
er
E
ner
gy
O
per
at
o
r
s
(
T
E
O
)
m
et
ho
d
i
s
ba
s
e
d
on
t
he
m
ul
t
i
pl
i
c
a
t
i
on
of
t
he
pr
e
v
i
ous
v
al
ue
w
i
t
h
t
he
f
ol
l
ow
i
ng
v
al
ue
m
i
n
us
i
t
s
s
q
uar
ed
v
al
ue
[
6]
[
8]
[
9]
.
I
n
t
hi
s
m
et
h
od,
t
he
det
e
r
m
i
nat
i
on
of
t
h
e
t
hr
e
s
hol
d
i
s
s
i
m
i
l
a
r
t
o
t
ha
t
o
f
t
he
abs
ol
ut
e
v
al
ue.
I
t
w
i
l
l
be
c
on
s
i
d
er
e
d
a
s
pi
k
e
onl
y
i
f
i
t
s
v
al
ue
ex
c
eed
s
t
he
t
hr
e
s
hol
d.
(
)
=x
2
(
)
−
(
−
1
)
⋅
(
m+
1
)
(
2)
E
quat
i
on (
2)
i
s
a N
E
O
eq
uat
i
on.
W
i
t
h
x
neo a s
y
m
b
ol
of
N
onl
i
ne
ar
E
ne
r
gy
O
per
at
o
r
s
i
gn
al
,
x
i
s
a
s
y
m
bol
of
t
he
i
nput
s
i
gn
al
,
and
t
he
t
hr
e
s
hol
d
obt
ai
ned
f
r
om
t
he
f
ol
l
ow
i
ng
e
quat
i
o
n,
(
)
=
1
(
)
>
ℎ
0
(
)
≤
ℎ
(
3)
T
he
v
al
ue
of
t
he
s
pi
k
e
s
i
g
n
al
s
p
(
m
)
w
i
l
l
be
equ
al
t
o
o
ne
(
1
)
i
f
t
he
x
neo
v
al
ue
ex
c
ee
ds
o
r
i
s
gr
e
at
er
t
h
an t
he t
hr
e
s
hol
d T
h
r
,
an
d w
i
l
l
be z
er
o (
0)
i
f
t
he x
neo i
s
t
he
s
am
e or
b
el
o
w
t
he
t
hr
es
hol
d
v
al
ue.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
930
T
E
L
K
O
M
NI
K
A
Vo
l
.
14
,
N
o
.
4,
D
ec
e
m
b
er
201
6
:
1432
–
143
7
1434
2
.
3
.
D
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
t
hroug
h
E
nv
e
l
ope
S
ha
pe
P
a
t
t
e
rn
En
v
el
ope
-
ba
s
ed det
e
c
t
i
on
m
et
hod i
s
a
s
i
gn
al
det
e
c
t
i
on m
et
ho
d w
hi
c
h i
s
b
as
ed
on t
he
s
ha
pe
of
t
he
s
i
gn
al
e
nv
el
o
pe.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
ev
e
r
al
m
et
h
od
c
an
be
u
s
ed
t
o
get
t
he
s
i
gn
al
e
nv
el
o
pe,
i
nc
l
u
di
ng
on
e
t
hat
us
es
s
q
uar
e
d
l
ow
p
a
s
s
f
i
l
t
er
i
n
g
(
L
P
F
)
,
and
t
he
H
i
l
be
r
t
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m.
S
i
gnal
env
el
o
pe i
s
e
qui
v
al
ent
t
o a s
i
g
nal
env
el
o
pe
out
l
i
ne,
and
an env
el
o
pe
det
ec
t
o
r
c
on
ne
c
t
s
al
l
t
he
pe
ak
s
i
n
t
hi
s
s
i
gn
al
.
T
h
e
env
el
o
pe
d
et
ec
t
i
on
i
s
w
i
del
y
us
ed
i
n
t
he
f
i
el
d
of
s
i
g
nal
pr
o
c
e
s
s
i
ng
f
i
el
ds
a
nd
c
om
m
uni
c
at
i
on
s
.
T
hi
s
e
nv
el
op
e det
ec
t
i
o
n m
et
hod i
s
ap
pl
i
ed by
s
q
ua
r
i
ng t
he i
n
put
s
i
gnal
a
nd s
end
s
t
hi
s
s
i
gn
al
t
hr
o
ug
h
a
l
ow
p
as
s
f
i
l
t
er
,
i
n
w
hi
c
h
t
he
s
i
gn
al
s
a
m
pl
es
ar
e
l
o
w
er
ed
t
o
r
ed
uc
e
t
he
s
am
p
l
i
ng
f
r
eque
nc
y
.
D
ow
n
s
am
pl
i
n
g c
an b
e do
ne i
f
t
he s
i
g
nal
doe
s
not
hav
e a hi
gh
f
r
eque
nc
y
.
T
w
o
addi
t
i
on
al
o
p
er
at
i
on
s
m
u
s
t
be
pe
r
f
or
m
e
d
t
o
m
ai
nt
ai
n
t
he
c
o
r
r
e
c
t
s
c
al
i
n
g.
F
i
r
s
t
,
am
pl
i
f
y
t
he
s
i
gnal
by
a
f
a
c
t
or
of
t
w
o,
o
nl
y
by
k
ee
pi
ng
t
h
e
b
ot
t
om
of
t
he
s
i
gn
al
en
er
gy
,
t
he
en
er
gy
gai
n
i
s
a
dj
u
s
t
e
d
t
o
t
he
or
i
gi
nal
ener
gy
an
d
t
ak
e
s
t
he
s
qu
ar
e
r
oot
of
t
he
s
i
gn
al
t
o
r
e
v
er
s
e
t
he
di
s
t
or
t
i
on
s
c
al
e.
E
nv
el
ope
det
ec
t
i
on
m
et
ho
d
i
s
ea
s
y
t
o
i
m
pl
em
e
nt
an
d
c
an
be
d
on
e
w
i
t
h
a
l
o
w
-
or
de
r
f
i
l
t
er
t
hat
m
i
ni
m
i
z
e
s
t
he
out
p
ut
l
oc
at
i
o
n.
A
not
her
env
el
o
pe
det
ec
t
i
o
n
c
an
be
don
e
t
hr
o
ugh
t
h
e
a
nal
y
t
i
c
s
i
gn
al
of
t
he
i
nput
us
i
n
g
H
i
l
ber
t
t
r
an
s
f
or
m
at
i
on.
A
n
anal
y
t
i
c
s
i
gn
al
i
s
a
c
om
pl
ex
s
i
gn
al
,
w
he
r
e
t
he
r
eal
pa
r
t
i
s
t
he o
r
i
gi
n
al
s
i
gnal
and t
h
e
i
m
agi
n
ar
y
p
ar
t
i
s
t
he
H
i
l
ber
t
-
t
r
an
s
f
or
m
of
t
he
or
i
g
i
nal
s
i
g
n
a
l.
2
.
3
.
1
.
S
p
i
kes
D
e
t
e
c
t
i
on
w
i
t
h
E
n
v
e
l
ope
T
he m
et
ho
d us
i
n
g env
el
o
pe f
or
t
he s
p
i
k
e w
as
i
nt
r
o
duc
ed by
B
y
u
ngh
w
a L
ee,
M
i
ns
o
o
H
ah
n,
K
w
an
gk
i
K
i
m
,
J
i
ns
ul
K
i
m
201
4
[
10]
.
T
hi
s
m
et
hod ut
i
l
i
z
es
t
he
env
el
ope t
o d
et
ec
t
t
he
p
r
es
e
n
c
e
of
s
i
gnal
s
pi
k
es
,
by
us
i
ng
E
qu
at
i
on
(
4
)
and
(
5)
b
el
o
w
as
a
r
ef
er
en
c
e,
(
)
=
(
−
1
)
,
(
)
(
4)
(
)
=
1
(
)
>
ℎ
0
(
)
≤
ℎ
(
5)
W
i
t
h
λ
a
s
t
he
env
el
ope’
s
d
ec
ay
c
oef
f
i
c
i
e
nt
,
t
he
v
al
ue
of
s
pi
k
e
s
i
g
n
al
s
p
(
m
)
w
i
l
l
be
equ
al
t
o
one
(
1)
i
f
t
he
v
al
ue
of
t
he
env
(
m
)
ex
c
eede
d
or
gr
e
at
er
t
han
t
he
t
hr
es
hol
d
T
hr
and
w
i
l
l
be
z
er
o
i
f
t
he
v
al
ue
does
n
ot
ex
c
e
ed
t
he
env
(
m
)
e
qual
t
o
o
r
l
es
s
t
han
t
he
t
hr
e
s
hol
d
v
al
u
e.
3
.
P
ropos
e
d
M
e
t
ho
d
I
n
t
he
appl
i
c
a
t
i
on
t
es
t
,
bot
h
t
he
abs
ol
ut
e
v
al
ue
and
t
he
N
E
O
m
et
hod
s
f
or
audi
o
s
i
gn
al
s
pi
k
e
det
ec
t
i
on,
w
er
e
un
a
bl
e t
o d
et
ec
t
s
pi
k
e
s
w
el
l
.
B
as
ed
on
t
hi
s
ex
p
er
i
e
nc
e,
w
e
pr
opo
s
e
d t
o
us
e
t
he s
h
ap
e
of
t
he
env
el
ope
pat
t
er
n
as
t
he
r
ef
e
r
enc
e.
T
hi
s
s
t
ep ai
m
s
t
o d
ev
el
op
a
s
pi
k
e
det
ec
t
i
o
n
al
g
or
i
t
hm
ba
s
e
d
on
t
he
env
el
o
pe
s
h
ape.
T
her
e ar
e m
any
s
pi
k
e d
et
ec
t
i
on al
go
r
i
t
hm
s
e
m
pl
oy
e
d t
o det
er
m
i
n
e t
he l
oc
at
i
o
n of
t
he
s
pi
k
e.
T
hi
s
r
e
s
ea
r
c
h
t
r
i
ed
t
o
des
i
gn
a
d
et
ec
t
i
on
t
e
c
h
ni
que
w
hi
c
h
i
s
ex
pe
c
t
ed
t
o
be
i
nt
egr
at
e
d
i
n
t
he
ex
i
s
t
i
ng
al
gor
i
t
hm
s
.
T
hi
s
m
et
h
od
i
s
e
x
pec
t
ed
t
o
ge
ner
at
e
a
n
ew
al
gor
i
t
h
m
f
or
s
pi
k
e
d
et
ec
t
i
o
n
t
hat
i
s
appl
i
c
a
bl
e
t
o
det
ec
t
s
pi
k
e
s
and
dy
nam
i
c
t
o
t
he
env
el
op
e
s
i
g
nal
pat
t
er
n.
F
i
gur
e
3.
S
y
s
t
em
D
e
s
i
gn
F
i
gur
e
3
s
ho
w
s
t
h
e
s
pi
k
e
det
ec
t
i
o
n
s
t
e
ps
,
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
f
ol
l
ow
i
n
g
ex
pl
anat
i
on
as
f
ol
l
ow
s
:
an
audi
o
r
ec
or
di
ngs
of
ga
m
e
l
an m
u
s
i
c
s
i
gnal
s
i
s
u
s
e
d as
t
he a
u
di
o s
o
ur
c
e,
t
hi
s
i
np
ut
i
s
t
hen
c
onv
e
r
t
ed
i
nt
o
i
t
s
ab
s
ol
ut
e
f
or
m
.
T
he
s
i
gnal
pat
t
er
n
i
s
t
he
n
f
o
r
m
e
d
t
hr
o
ug
h
t
he
det
e
c
t
i
on
of
t
he
s
i
gn
al
pea
k
s
.
S
uc
h s
i
g
nal
,
or
env
el
op
e
pat
t
er
n appl
i
es
a
s
t
hr
e
s
h
ol
d i
n s
pi
k
e
det
ec
t
i
o
n.
I
n t
hi
s
r
es
ea
r
c
h,
t
he
env
el
o
pe f
o
r
m
at
i
on i
s
d
o
ne by
us
i
ng
pea
k
d
et
ec
t
i
o
n an
d by
a
p
pl
y
i
ng t
he
s
pl
i
ne
f
unc
t
i
on,
t
he
s
i
gn
al
env
el
o
pe
c
a
n
be
obt
ai
ned
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
K
O
M
NI
K
A
I
SSN
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
930
A
udi
o
S
pi
k
e
D
et
e
c
t
i
on
on
G
am
el
an
us
i
ng
E
nv
el
ope
S
hape
P
at
t
er
n
A
nal
y
s
i
s
(
S
ol
ek
han
)
1435
T
he
w
or
d
s
pl
i
ne
i
s
ad
opt
e
d
f
r
om
t
he
na
m
e
of
a
f
l
ex
i
bl
e
m
et
al
s
t
r
i
p
w
hi
c
h
i
s
u
s
u
a
l
l
y
us
ed
t
o as
s
i
s
t
c
u
r
v
ed l
i
ne d
r
a
w
i
ng.
M
at
h
e
m
at
i
c
al
l
y
,
s
pl
i
ne i
s
a nu
m
er
i
c
al
p
ol
y
nom
i
al
f
un
c
t
i
ons
c
on
s
i
s
t
s
of
p
ol
y
nom
i
al
f
un
c
t
i
on pi
e
c
e
s
(
k
n
ow
n as
k
not
s
)
[
12]
.
Li
k
e pol
y
no
mi
a
l
in
t
e
r
p
o
l
a
t
i
o
n
,
s
pl
i
n
e i
nt
er
p
ol
at
i
on i
n
c
u
r
s
a
s
m
al
l
e
r
er
r
or
t
ha
n
l
i
near
i
nt
er
p
o
l
at
i
on and t
he i
nt
er
pol
at
e i
s
s
m
oot
h
er
.
T
h
e
S
pl
i
ne
i
nt
e
r
pol
at
i
on
i
s
ea
s
i
er
t
o
ev
al
ua
t
e
t
han
t
he
hi
gh
-
d
eg
r
ee
p
o
l
y
nom
i
al
s
us
e
d
i
n
pol
y
nom
i
al
i
nt
er
pol
at
i
on.
I
n
num
e
r
i
c
al
m
at
hem
at
i
c
al
anal
y
s
i
s
,
s
pl
i
ne
i
nt
e
r
pol
at
i
on
i
s
a
s
pe
c
i
al
f
or
m
of
p
ol
y
nom
i
al
s
l
i
c
es
w
hi
c
h
i
s
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
al
l
y
c
al
l
ed
a
s
a
s
pl
i
ne.
S
pl
i
ne
i
n
t
er
pol
at
i
o
n
i
s
us
u
al
l
y
m
or
e
pr
ef
e
r
r
e
d
t
ha
n
t
he or
i
gi
nal
p
ol
y
nom
i
al
i
nt
er
pol
at
i
on
s
i
nc
e t
h
e i
nt
er
pol
at
i
on e
r
r
or
c
an
be m
i
ni
m
i
z
ed,
ev
e
n by
us
i
n
g
t
he
l
ow
-
deg
r
e
e
pol
y
n
om
i
al
[
13]
.
F
i
gur
e
4.
S
pl
i
ne
i
l
l
us
t
r
at
i
v
e
ex
am
pl
e
s
of
k
no
w
n
d
at
a
S
pl
i
nes
hav
e
a
v
ar
i
et
y
of
f
o
r
m
s
i
nc
l
udi
n
g
c
ubi
c
s
pl
i
n
e,
b
-
s
pl
i
ne,
T
-
s
p
l
i
ne,
and
s
m
o
ot
hi
ng
s
pl
i
n
e,
I
n t
hi
s
r
e
s
ea
r
c
h
us
i
ng
s
m
oot
hi
ng
s
pl
i
ne t
o
f
i
nd a
pat
t
er
n
f
or
m
of
a
s
i
g
n
al
.
A
s
s
ho
w
n
on
F
i
gur
e
4
,
t
he
s
pl
i
n
e
c
a
n
c
r
eat
e
a
pat
t
er
n
of
dat
a
w
i
t
h
v
er
y
ni
c
e
an
d
s
m
oot
h.
(
)
=
1
(
)
−
(
)
>
ℎ
0
(
)
−
(
)
≤
ℎ
(
6)
T
he
s
i
gnal
en
v
el
ope
p
at
t
er
n
t
hr
ou
gh
r
e
s
ul
t
s
pl
i
n
e
f
un
c
t
i
on,
i
s
t
h
en
us
e
d
a
s
a
t
hr
es
h
ol
d,
t
o det
e
r
m
i
ne
t
he
s
p
i
k
e
,
a t
e
s
t
i
s
pe
r
f
or
m
e
d us
i
n
g
E
quat
i
on (
6
)
i
f
t
he
v
al
ue
of
s
(
m
)
-
env
(
m
)
i
s
gr
eat
e
r
t
han
t
he t
hr
e
s
hol
d
.
T
he pr
ev
i
o
us
r
es
ear
c
h
ac
t
i
v
i
t
i
es
r
el
a
t
ed t
o s
pi
k
e
det
ec
t
i
o
n s
o
f
ar
,
w
er
e una
bl
e
t
o ans
w
e
r
t
he pr
e
s
ent
need
s
.
T
he
ex
i
s
t
i
ng s
pi
k
e det
ec
t
i
on
al
gor
i
t
h
m
s
w
er
e
r
el
at
i
v
el
y
s
t
at
i
c
,
s
o t
hat
i
n
s
om
e
c
i
r
c
u
m
s
t
an
c
e
s
a
r
e not
appl
i
c
a
bl
e i
f
t
he
m
a
gn
i
t
ude
w
e
r
e
not
uni
f
or
m
,
w
hi
c
h,
i
n t
ur
n m
i
ght
c
a
us
e
er
r
or
s
i
n det
e
c
t
i
ng s
pi
k
e l
oc
a
t
i
ons
.
T
hi
s
r
e
s
ea
r
c
h t
r
i
e
s
t
o
s
ol
v
e
s
uc
h
pr
obl
em
i
n
od
er
t
o
s
ol
v
e
s
u
c
h
pr
obl
e
m
.
G
am
el
a
n
aud
i
o
r
ec
or
di
ng
s
t
hat
c
ont
ai
n
s
pi
k
e
s
w
e
r
e
t
ak
e
n
f
r
om
ga
m
el
an
o
w
ne
d
by
t
he
E
l
ec
t
r
i
c
al
D
e
par
t
m
e
nt
of
I
T
S
,
and
u
s
ed
as
t
he
s
i
gnal
s
o
ur
c
e
i
n
t
hi
s
ex
p
er
i
m
ent
.
I
n
t
he
f
i
r
s
t
s
t
ep,
t
he i
nput
w
a
s
u
s
e
d f
or
d
et
ec
t
i
ng
t
he
pea
k
-
s
i
gn
al
w
hi
c
h
w
a
s
t
h
en u
s
ed
t
o g
en
er
at
e a
s
p
l
i
ne
pat
t
er
n
f
or
ob
t
ai
ni
ng
t
he
t
hr
es
h
ol
d
t
o
det
er
m
i
n
e
t
he
s
p
i
k
e
s
.
T
hi
s
e
nv
el
ope
p
at
t
er
n
w
a
s
t
hen
u
s
e
d
as
a t
h
r
e
s
hol
d r
ef
e
r
r
i
ng t
o
equ
at
i
on
(
6
)
,
and
w
i
t
h t
h
e obt
ai
ned
t
hr
e
s
hol
ds
,
t
h
e s
i
gnal
s
pi
k
e
s
c
oul
d
be
det
e
r
m
i
ne
d
as
s
h
ow
n
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
5
and
6
.
F
r
om
F
i
gu
r
e
5
,
t
he
s
ou
r
c
e
s
i
g
nal
i
s
t
he
n
c
onv
er
t
e
d
i
nt
o
i
t
s
ab
s
ol
u
t
e
f
or
m
.
T
he
env
el
op
e
f
or
m
at
i
on
i
s
d
one
by
appl
y
i
ng
t
he
s
pl
i
n
e
f
unc
t
i
on
t
hr
ou
gh
pea
k
det
e
c
t
i
on
of
abs
ol
ut
e
s
i
gnal
d
at
a,
and t
he
s
i
gn
al
env
el
op
e c
an b
e obt
ai
ned.
T
hi
s
s
i
g
nal
env
el
o
pe
pat
t
er
n,
i
s
t
hen u
s
ed
as
a
t
hr
es
hol
d.
A
f
t
er
t
he e
nv
el
ope t
hr
es
hol
d obt
ai
ne
d,
t
hi
s
t
hr
es
hol
d
t
hen us
ed t
o det
er
m
i
ne
t
he
s
pi
k
e,
t
he
r
e
s
ul
t
of
s
pi
k
e
l
o
c
at
i
on
c
an
b
e
s
een
i
n
F
i
g
ur
e
6.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
930
T
E
L
K
O
M
NI
K
A
Vo
l
.
14
,
N
o
.
4,
D
ec
e
m
b
er
201
6
:
1432
–
143
7
1436
F
i
gur
e
5.
E
nv
el
ope
s
ha
pe
pat
t
er
n
of
s
i
g
nal
F
i
gur
e
6.
S
pi
k
e
l
o
c
at
i
on
s
4
.
Ex
pe
ri
m
e
nt
a
l
R
e
s
u
l
t
s
A
s
an
ex
pe
r
i
m
ent
al
m
at
er
i
al
,
t
he
t
es
t
ed
audi
o
r
e
c
o
r
d
i
ngs
s
ho
w
e
d
t
hat
i
t
c
ont
ai
n
ed
a
l
ot
of
s
pi
k
e
s
,
i
n t
hi
s
r
e
s
ea
r
c
h
t
o det
ec
t
and det
er
m
i
n
e t
he l
oc
at
i
on
of
t
he s
pi
k
e.
G
am
el
a
n au
di
o
r
ec
or
di
ng
s
t
h
at
c
o
nt
ai
n
s
pi
k
e
s
w
er
e
t
a
k
en
f
r
o
m
ga
m
el
an
o
w
n
ed
b
y
t
he
E
l
ec
t
r
i
c
al
D
epa
r
t
m
en
t
of
I
T
S
,
and us
e
d as
t
h
e
s
i
gn
al
s
o
ur
c
e i
n
t
hi
s
ex
p
er
i
m
e
nt
.
I
n t
he f
i
r
s
t
s
t
ep,
t
he i
np
ut
w
a
s
u
s
ed
f
or
det
ec
t
i
n
g t
he
pea
k
-
s
i
g
nal
w
hi
c
h
w
a
s
t
h
en u
s
e
d t
o
g
ener
at
e a
s
pl
i
ne p
at
t
er
n f
o
r
obt
ai
ni
ng
t
h
e
t
hr
es
hol
d
t
o
d
et
er
m
i
n
e
t
he
s
p
i
ke
s.
T
he
A
V
and
N
E
O
m
et
hod
s
,
i
s
ex
c
el
l
ent
and
ea
s
i
l
y
i
m
pl
em
e
nt
ed
t
o
det
e
c
t
t
he
s
pi
k
e
s
i
n
m
edi
c
al
s
i
gn
a
l
s
.
T
o
det
e
r
m
i
ne
t
he
pe
r
f
or
m
anc
e
of
t
he
m
et
hod
i
n
det
ec
t
i
ng
t
he
au
di
o
s
i
gn
al
s
pi
k
e
i
n
gam
el
a
n,
c
ondu
c
t
ed
ex
p
er
i
m
e
nt
s
t
o
t
es
t
w
i
t
h
t
he
au
di
o
gam
el
an
m
us
i
c
dat
a.
I
n
t
hi
s
t
e
s
t
o
n
T
abl
e
1,
w
e
us
e
d
a
udi
o
r
e
c
or
di
ng
s
of
g
am
el
an
m
u
s
i
c
t
hat
ha
s
6
l
oc
at
i
o
ns
s
pi
k
e,
w
i
t
h
v
a
r
i
at
i
on
s
i
n
t
hr
es
h
ol
d
t
e
s
t
i
ng
w
i
t
h
0.
6,
0.
4
and
0.
2.
T
h
e
t
es
t
r
e
s
ul
t
s
us
i
n
g
t
he
s
e
t
w
o
m
et
hod
s
a
s
s
ho
w
n
i
n T
a
bl
e 1,
t
h
e f
i
r
s
t
c
ol
um
n
t
o
t
he m
et
ho
d o
f
abs
ol
ut
e v
a
l
ue,
an
d
s
e
c
ond
c
ol
um
n
f
or
t
h
e
m
et
hod
of
N
E
O
.
T
abl
e
1.
D
et
e
c
t
audi
o
s
pi
k
e
us
i
ng
A
b
s
ol
u
t
e
v
al
ue
and
N
E
O
m
et
ho
d
AV
NE
O
Th
r
2 at 1 l
oc
ati
ons
2 at 1 l
oc
ati
ons
0.6
31 at 2 l
oc
ati
ons
31 at 2 l
oc
ati
ons
0.4
3300 at 3 l
oc
ati
ons
3300 at 3 l
oc
ati
ons
0.2
T
he det
e
c
t
i
o
ns
of
b
ot
h
m
et
hod
s
ap
p
ear
l
o
w
at
a
hi
gh t
hr
es
h
ol
d (
0.
6
)
.
A
t
t
he 0.
4
t
hr
es
hol
d,
de
t
ec
t
i
on i
nc
r
e
as
e
d t
o 33 s
pi
k
e
s
and t
he 0.
2 t
hr
e
s
hol
d,
det
ec
t
i
ons
i
n
c
r
ea
s
i
ngl
y
r
edu
nda
nt
l
y
,
unt
i
l
33
00
s
pi
k
e
s
.
F
r
om
t
h
e
s
pi
k
e
d
et
ec
t
i
on
t
es
t
i
n
g
i
n
gam
el
an
au
di
o
m
u
s
i
c
,
t
hes
e
m
et
hod
s
pe
r
f
or
m
po
or
l
y
t
o
be
appl
i
ed
i
n
t
he
det
ec
t
i
o
n
of
s
pi
k
es
i
n
g
am
el
an
m
us
i
c
audi
o.
T
abl
e
2.
D
et
e
c
t
audi
o
s
pi
k
e
us
i
ng
e
nv
el
o
pe
pat
t
er
n
P
a
rt
S
i
gnal
S
pi
k
e r
eal
S
pi
k
e es
t.
I
S0
5
5
S1
3
3
S2
2
2
II
S4
10
10
S5
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8
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28
27
T
otal
sp
ike
57
55
F
r
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e
m
pt
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o
det
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t
m
or
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s
pi
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e
s
num
be
r
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
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c
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he
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o
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he
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e
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w
e
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det
e
r
m
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d
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t
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on.
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o,
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he
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el
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t
i
o
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h
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ap
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opr
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at
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m
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t
a
nt
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or
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er
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he
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e
l
ope
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t
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.
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o
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l
u
s
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pi
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e
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t
i
on t
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t
s
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per
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ed
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he gam
el
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o
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h
e abs
ol
ut
e v
al
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d
N
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m
et
hod
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f
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m
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l
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ent
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i
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et
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c
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di
o.
T
he env
el
op
e pat
t
er
n a
p
pr
oa
c
h t
h
r
ou
gh a s
pl
i
ne,
c
oul
d be u
s
e
d t
o det
ec
t
t
he pr
es
en
c
e
of
s
pi
k
e
s
,
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y
ut
i
l
i
z
i
ng
t
hi
s
pat
t
er
n,
t
h
e
t
hr
e
s
hol
d
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oul
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om
e
m
o
r
e
a
dapt
i
v
e
t
o
t
he
env
el
ope
.
S
o
t
hat
t
he
s
pi
k
e
pat
t
er
n
w
i
t
h
s
m
al
l
am
pl
i
t
ude
,
a
l
s
o
be
w
el
l
det
e
c
t
ed.
S
uc
h
m
e
t
hod
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oul
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de
t
ec
t
55
out
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57
s
pi
k
e
s
,
w
hi
c
h
m
ean
s
96.
4
p
er
c
ent
c
o
r
r
ec
t
det
ec
t
i
on
s
.
A
ckn
o
w
l
ed
g
em
en
t
s
T
he
r
ep
or
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e
d
w
or
k
w
as
s
u
ppor
t
e
d
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i
r
ec
t
o
r
at
e
G
e
ner
al
of
H
i
g
h
er
E
duc
at
i
on
(
D
G
H
E
)
,
M
i
ni
s
t
r
y
of
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at
i
onal
E
d
uc
at
i
o
n,
R
epu
bl
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c
of
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don
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T
he
aut
h
or
s
a
r
e
al
s
o
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hank
f
ul
t
o Z
ed
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ah
di
,
M
.
I
qbal
and
m
em
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30
3
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S
f
or
t
hei
r
h
el
p
dur
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he
w
or
k
.
R
ef
er
en
ces
[
1]
Su
ma
rsa
m.
G
am
el
an I
nt
er
ak
s
i
bu
da
y
a
da
n
per
k
em
ban
ga
n
m
us
i
k
al
d
i
J
a
w
a.
Y
o
g
y
ak
ar
t
a
:
Pu
st
a
ka
P
el
a
j
ar
.
20
03.
[
2]
Z
Xu
,
Z
P
i
ng.
S
am
pl
e ent
r
o
p
y
an
al
y
s
i
s
of
s
ur
f
ac
e E
M
G
f
or
i
m
pr
ov
ed m
u
s
c
l
e ac
t
i
v
i
t
y
on
s
et
det
ec
t
i
o
n
aga
i
ns
t
s
pur
i
ou
s
bac
k
gr
o
un
d
s
pi
k
es
.
J
our
na
l
of
E
l
ec
t
r
o
m
y
o
g
r
aphy
a
nd
K
i
ne
s
i
ol
o
gy
.
20
12;
22(
6)
:
90
1
-
907.
[
3]
DP
W
ul
a
nd
ar
i
,
A
T
j
ah
y
ant
o,
Y
K
S
u
pr
apt
o.
G
am
el
a
n
M
u
s
i
c
O
n
s
et
D
et
ec
t
i
on
bas
ed
on
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pec
t
r
a
l
F
eat
ur
es
.
T
EL
KO
MN
I
KA
T
el
ec
o
m
m
u
ni
c
at
i
o
n
C
o
m
put
i
ng
E
l
ec
t
r
on
i
c
s
a
n
d
C
o
nt
r
ol
.
2
01
3;
11(
1)
:
10
7
-
118.
[
4]
A
T
j
ah
y
a
nt
o,
Y
K
S
upr
a
pt
o,
D
P
W
ul
an
dar
i
.
S
pec
t
r
al
-
bas
e
d
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eat
ur
es
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ank
i
ng
f
or
G
am
el
a
nI
ns
t
r
um
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s
I
dent
i
f
i
c
at
i
on
u
s
i
ng F
i
l
t
er
T
ec
hn
i
ques
.
T
EL
K
O
MN
I
KA
T
el
ec
om
m
uni
c
at
i
o
n
C
o
m
p
ut
i
ng E
l
e
c
t
r
oni
c
s
a
n
d
C
ont
r
o
l
.
201
3;
11(
1)
:
95
-
10
6.
[
5]
S
aee
d V
V
as
e
ghi
.
A
dv
anc
e
d
D
i
gi
t
a
l
S
i
g
nal
P
r
oc
es
s
i
n
g a
nd n
oi
s
e R
e
d
u
c
t
i
on.
F
our
t
h E
di
t
i
o
n
.
J
oh
n
W
i
l
e
y
&So
n
s,
Lt
d.
2008.
[
6]
J
F
Ka
i
se
r.
O
n
a s
i
m
p
l
e
al
gor
i
t
hm
t
o c
al
c
u
l
at
e
t
he ener
gy
of
a
s
i
g
na
l
.
I
n
P
r
o
c
. IE
E
E
In
t. C
o
n
f.
Aco
u
st
.
,
S
peec
h,
S
i
gn
al
P
r
oc
es
s
(
I
C
A
S
S
P
’
90)
.
19
90
;
1:
381
-
38
4.
[
7]
I
O
bei
d
,
PD
W
ol
f
.
E
v
al
uat
i
on
of
S
pi
k
e
-
D
et
ec
t
i
on
A
l
g
or
i
t
hm
s
f
or
a
B
r
ai
n
-
M
a
c
hi
n
e
I
nt
er
f
ac
e
A
ppl
i
c
at
i
on.
I
EEE T
ra
n
s.
Bi
o
me
d
.
En
g
.
2
0
03;
51(
6)
:
9
05
-
911.
[
8]
K
H K
im
,
S
J
K
im
.
N
eur
al
S
p
i
k
e S
or
t
i
n
g
u
n
der
N
ear
l
y
0
-
d
B
S
i
gn
al
-
to
-
n
oi
s
e R
at
i
o U
s
i
n
g N
o
nl
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ne
ar
E
ner
g
y
O
p
er
at
or
an
d
A
r
t
i
f
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c
i
a
l
N
e
ur
al
-
Ne
t
w
o
r
k
Cla
s
s
if
i
e
r
.
I
EEE
T
ra
n
s.
Bi
o
me
d
.
En
g
.
2
0
00;
47(
10)
:
140
6
-
14
11.
[
9]
S
M
uk
h
op
adh
y
a
y
,
G
C
R
a
y.
A
N
e
w
I
nt
er
pr
et
at
i
on
of
N
o
n
l
i
n
ear
E
ner
g
y
O
p
er
at
or
an
d
I
t
s
Ef
f
i
ca
c
y
i
n
S
pi
k
e D
et
ec
t
i
o
n.
I
EEE T
ra
n
s.
Bi
o
m
e
d
.
En
g
.
199
8;
45(
2)
:
18
0
-
18
7.
[
10]
B
y
un
gh
w
a
L
ee,
M
i
n
s
o
o
H
a
hn,
K
w
an
gk
i
K
i
m
,
J
i
ns
ul
K
i
m
.
E
f
f
i
c
i
ent
t
r
ans
i
e
nt
S
i
gn
al
D
et
ec
t
i
o
n
i
n
S
pat
i
a
l
C
ue B
as
e
d M
u
l
t
i
-
C
ha
nn
el
A
u
di
o
C
od
i
n
g
.
20
14 I
nt
er
nat
i
o
na
l
C
o
nf
er
enc
e o
n I
nf
or
m
at
i
o
n
S
c
i
enc
e a
n
d
Ap
p
l
i
ca
t
i
o
n
s (I
C
I
SA).
2014.
[
11]
S
ar
ah P
a
i
ge
G
i
bs
on.
N
e
ur
a
l
S
pi
k
e S
or
t
i
n
g i
n H
ar
d
w
a
r
e
:
F
r
om
T
heor
y
t
o P
r
ac
t
i
c
e.
Los
A
nge
l
es
:
U
ni
v
er
s
i
t
y
of
C
al
i
f
or
ni
a.
20
12.
[
12]
C
he
n W
ai
-
K
ai
.
F
eedb
ac
k
,
N
on
l
i
ne
ar
,
and D
i
s
t
r
i
but
e
d
Cir
c
u
it
s
.
C
R
C
Pre
ss.
2009:
9
-
2
0.
[
13]
Ka
t
z
Mi
t
ch
e
l
l
H
.
Mu
l
t
i
va
ri
a
b
l
e
An
a
l
y
si
s:
A
Pra
ct
i
ca
l
G
u
i
d
e
f
o
r
C
l
i
n
i
ci
a
n
s
an
d
P
ubl
i
c
H
ea
l
t
h
R
es
e
ar
c
her
s
.
C
a
mb
ri
d
g
e
U
n
i
ve
rsi
t
y
Pre
ss.
201
1:
82.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.