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Ho
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Ph
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1
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3
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4
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.
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[
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39
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2
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1
8
-
2
0
]
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
m
en
tio
n
ed
a
b
o
v
e,
th
is
p
a
p
er
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
tr
ip
le
-
lay
er
r
em
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
W
L
E
Ds
th
at
h
as
co
lo
r
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
8
5
0
0
K
th
at
will
b
e
test
ed
wit
h
d
if
f
er
en
t
c
o
n
ce
n
t
r
atio
n
o
f
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
as
a
s
o
lu
tio
n
.
T
h
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
th
e
T
R
P
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
ar
e
th
r
ee
s
ep
ar
ate
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
er
s
,
th
e
g
r
ee
n
M
g
C
eAl
11
O
19
:Tb
3+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
la
y
er
in
b
etwe
en
th
e
y
ello
w
YAG:Ce
3+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
er
at
th
e
b
o
tto
m
a
n
d
r
ed
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
er
o
n
to
p
.
T
h
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
g
r
ee
n
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
er
is
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
t
h
e
g
r
ee
n
lig
h
t
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
an
d
en
h
an
c
e
p
h
o
to
n
em
is
s
io
n
.
T
h
e
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
er
,
o
n
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
im
p
r
o
v
es
r
ed
lig
h
t
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
f
o
r
b
etter
co
lo
r
q
u
ality
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
d
esp
ite
th
e
in
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
W
L
E
Ds
lu
m
in
o
u
s
f
lu
x
,
th
e
T
R
P
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
allo
ws
y
ello
w,
g
r
ee
n
,
an
d
r
ed
c
o
lo
r
p
r
o
p
o
r
ti
o
n
s
to
b
e
b
alan
ce
d
an
d
r
ea
ch
th
e
h
ig
h
est
p
o
ten
tial.
Su
ch
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
g
r
ea
t
n
ews e
s
p
ec
ially
in
th
e
W
L
E
DS in
d
u
s
tr
y
th
at
d
e
m
an
d
s
co
n
s
tan
t c
h
an
g
es
.
2.
P
RE
P
ARA
T
I
O
N
AN
D
SI
M
UL
A
T
I
O
N
R
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
an
d
g
r
ee
n
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
Mg
C
eAl
11
O
19
:Tb
3+
ar
e
u
s
ed
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
b
ec
au
s
e
th
ey
ar
e
l
o
w
-
co
s
t,
ea
s
y
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
n
d
a
p
p
ly
.
T
h
ese
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
ar
e
ap
p
lied
to
two
p
u
r
p
o
s
es,
th
e
f
ir
s
t
o
n
e
is
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
W
L
E
Ds
lu
m
in
o
u
s
f
lu
x
with
th
e
g
r
ee
n
lig
h
t
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
f
r
o
m
Mg
C
eAl
11
O
19
:Tb
3+
lay
er
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
o
n
e
is
r
aisi
n
g
c
o
lo
r
r
e
n
d
er
in
g
in
d
ex
(
C
R
I
)
an
d
co
lo
r
q
u
ality
r
atio
(
C
QS)
v
alu
es
with
r
ed
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
er
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
m
o
r
e
r
ed
-
lig
h
t
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
in
W
L
E
Ds
.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
a)
,
th
e
W
L
E
Ds
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
esen
t
th
e
b
est
o
p
tical
-
th
er
m
al
s
tab
ilit
y
.
W
e
h
av
e
th
em
b
u
ilt
v
er
y
ca
r
ef
u
lly
s
o
th
at
th
ey
id
en
tical
to
ea
ch
o
th
er
.
T
h
is
p
h
y
s
ical
m
o
d
e
l
o
f
W
L
E
Ds
h
as
a
r
ef
lecto
r
th
at
is
2
.
0
7
m
m
i
n
h
e
ig
h
t,
9
.
8
5
m
m
i
n
len
g
th
at
its
to
p
s
u
r
f
ac
e
a
n
d
a
n
8
m
m
lo
n
g
b
o
tto
m
.
T
h
e
r
em
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
e
r
h
as
a
f
ix
e
d
th
i
ck
n
ess
o
f
0
.
0
8
m
m
an
d
co
v
e
r
s
9
L
E
D
ch
ip
s
.
E
ac
h
L
E
D
c
h
ip
is
1
.
1
4
m
m
s
q
u
ar
e
b
ase,
h
as
th
e
h
eig
h
t
o
f
0
.
1
5
m
m
an
d
b
o
u
n
d
to
t
h
e
ca
v
ity
o
n
th
e
r
ef
lecto
r
.
T
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
o
f
ea
ch
b
lu
e
ch
ip
is
1
.
1
6
W
at
4
5
3
n
m
wav
ele
n
g
t
h
.
T
h
e
n
o
r
m
alize
d
cr
o
s
s
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
s
b
etwe
en
t
h
em
a
r
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
9
9
.
6
%,
wh
ich
m
ea
n
s
t
h
e
r
ea
l
p
ac
k
a
g
in
g
a
n
d
t
h
e
o
n
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
a
r
e
s
im
ilar
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
lo
wer
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
f
r
o
m
d
if
f
er
en
t
ele
m
en
ts
s
u
ch
as
L
E
D
wav
ele
n
g
t
h
,
wav
ef
o
r
m
,
lig
h
t
in
ten
s
ity
,
an
d
o
p
er
atin
g
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
n
th
e
C
R
I
an
d
C
C
T
.
T
h
e
Mo
n
te
C
ar
lo
r
ay
-
tr
ac
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
b
ased
co
m
m
er
cial
s
o
f
twar
e,
L
ig
h
tTo
o
ls
8
.
1
.
0
,
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
r
e
p
licate
th
e
W
L
E
Ds
with
th
e
r
em
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
av
er
ag
e
C
C
T
v
alu
es
o
f
6
0
0
0
K,
7
0
0
0
K,
a
n
d
8
5
0
0
K.
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
d
is
p
lay
es
th
e
2
-
D
s
im
u
lated
p
h
y
s
ica
l
m
o
d
el
o
f
W
L
E
Ds
u
s
e
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
o
p
tical
s
im
u
latio
n
s
o
f
r
em
o
te
p
ac
k
ag
e
W
L
E
Ds.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
p
ar
ticles v
ar
ies
co
n
s
tan
tly
f
r
o
m
2
%
to
2
0
%.
Yet,
b
y
co
n
t
r
o
llin
g
th
e
YAG:
C
e
3+
wt.
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
th
e
av
e
r
ag
e
C
C
T
v
alu
es
ar
e
r
em
ain
ed
th
e
s
am
e.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
(
a
)
W
L
E
Ds,
an
d
(
b
)
I
llu
s
tr
atio
n
o
f
tr
ip
le
-
lay
er
r
e
m
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
As
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
th
e
r
e
d
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
an
d
g
r
ee
n
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
in
t
h
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
2
%
to
2
0
%
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
t
h
e
m
o
d
if
i
ca
tio
n
o
f
C
R
I
.
T
h
e
C
R
I
r
is
es
u
p
if
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
g
o
es
u
p
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
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L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
Mg
C
eA
l
11
O
19
:
Tb
3+
a
n
d
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:
Mn
4+
in
en
h
a
n
cin
g
th
e
… (
My
Ha
n
h
N
g
u
ye
n
Th
i
)
941
ac
h
iev
es
th
e
h
ig
h
est
v
alu
e
wh
en
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
n
ce
n
tr
ati
o
n
is
at
2
0
%.
On
th
e
co
n
tr
ar
y
,
ad
d
in
g
in
g
r
ee
n
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
is
n
o
t
b
en
ef
icial
f
o
r
th
e
C
R
I
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
t
h
at
d
is
r
eg
ar
d
to
th
e
a
d
d
itio
n
o
f
r
e
d
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
o
r
alter
atio
n
in
av
e
r
ag
e
c
o
r
r
elate
d
co
lo
r
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
(
AC
C
T
)
,
wh
en
th
e
g
r
ee
n
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
in
c
r
ea
s
es
f
r
o
m
2
%
to
2
0
%,
th
e
C
R
I
v
alu
e
will
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
ac
co
r
d
in
g
ly
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
ad
d
in
g
th
e
r
e
d
-
lig
h
t
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
in
W
L
E
Ds,
wh
ich
is
g
en
er
ated
f
r
o
m
r
ed
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
er
,
i
s
cr
u
cial
to
b
o
o
s
tin
g
C
R
I
v
al
u
e
wh
ile
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
g
r
ee
n
Mg
C
eAl
11
O
19
:Tb
3+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
is
u
n
f
a
v
o
r
ab
le
f
o
r
th
e
C
R
I
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
l
em
s
ar
e
th
e
g
r
o
wt
h
o
f
g
r
ee
n
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
r
e
d
u
ce
s
th
e
co
n
v
e
r
s
io
n
en
e
r
g
y
i
n
th
e
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
e
r
an
d
em
itted
li
g
h
t
o
n
l
y
g
ets
to
t
h
e
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
o
n
ce
p
ass
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
g
r
ee
n
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
d
u
e
to
p
ac
k
a
g
in
g
o
r
d
e
r
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
b
etter
C
R
I
v
alu
e
,
th
e
g
r
ee
n
Mg
C
eAl
11
O
19
:Tb
3+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
as
lo
w
as
p
o
s
s
ib
le.
Ho
wev
er
,
C
R
I
is
n
o
t
th
e
o
n
ly
in
d
icato
r
f
o
r
co
l
o
r
q
u
ality
.
T
h
e
v
iewe
r
'
s
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
an
d
th
e
co
lo
r
co
o
r
d
in
ates
ar
e
th
e
two
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
cr
ite
r
ia
b
esid
es
th
e
tr
u
e
co
lo
r
o
f
t
h
e
o
b
ject
th
at
ar
e
n
o
t
co
v
er
ed
b
y
th
e
C
R
I
.
C
o
lo
r
q
u
ality
s
ca
le
(
C
QS)
,
o
n
th
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
co
n
tai
n
s
th
r
ee
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
:
C
R
I
,
v
is
u
al
p
r
e
f
er
en
ce
,
an
d
co
lo
r
co
o
r
d
in
ates
f
o
r
wh
ite
lig
h
t
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
wh
e
n
in
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
with
C
R
I
,
C
QS
s
tan
d
s
o
u
t
as
th
e
m
o
r
e
not
ewo
r
th
y
an
d
m
o
r
e
ch
allen
g
in
g
g
o
al
to
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
.
T
h
e
n
it
lead
s
to
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
o
f
h
o
w
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
C
QS
v
alu
e
in
W
L
E
Ds?
I
s
it
s
im
ilar
to
th
e
C
R
I
an
d
r
ed
-
lig
h
t
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
is
th
e
o
n
ly
th
in
g
th
at
is
n
ee
d
ed
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
v
alu
e?
T
h
e
ex
p
la
n
atio
n
is
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
in
wh
ic
h
th
e
C
QS is an
aly
ze
d
in
to
d
etai
ls
.
Gen
er
ally
,
C
QS
also
b
en
ef
its
f
r
o
m
th
e
g
r
o
wth
o
f
t
h
e
r
ed
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
.
Ho
wev
er
,
t
h
e
d
ef
lectio
n
o
f
C
QS
is
less
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
th
an
th
at
o
f
C
R
I
wh
en
g
r
ee
n
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
Mg
C
eAl
11
O
19
:Tb
3+
co
n
ce
n
tr
at
io
n
v
ar
ies,
in
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
th
e
C
QS
o
n
ly
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
wh
en
th
e
g
r
ee
n
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
ex
ce
e
d
s
1
4
%.
As
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
b
o
t
h
g
r
ee
n
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
a
n
d
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
ca
n
en
h
an
ce
C
QS.
T
h
e
k
ey
p
o
in
t
i
n
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
C
QS
is
th
e
b
alan
ce
am
o
n
g
th
r
ee
co
l
o
r
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
:
g
r
ee
n
,
y
ello
w,
an
d
r
e
d
.
As
to
m
ai
n
tain
th
e
AC
C
T
lev
el,
wh
en
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
o
f
g
r
ee
n
an
d
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
in
cr
ea
s
e,
th
e
y
ello
w
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
will d
r
o
p
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
R
I
in
T
R
P with
r
ed
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
an
d
g
r
ee
n
Mg
C
eAl
11
O
19
:Tb
3+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
.
C
Q
S
o
f
T
R
P
a
s
a
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
r
e
d
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:
M
n
4+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
a
n
d
g
r
e
e
n
M
g
C
e
A
l
11
O
19
:
T
b
3+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
As
m
en
tio
n
ed
,
th
e
y
ello
w
-
g
r
e
en
-
r
ed
co
lo
r
b
alan
ce
is
th
e
k
ey
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
C
QS.
Hen
ce
,
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
C
QS
m
ea
n
s
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
th
e
b
alan
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
th
r
ee
co
lo
r
s
.
T
h
is
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
ap
p
ly
in
g
th
e
r
esu
lts
in
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
1
:
9
39
-
94
4
942
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
wh
ich
s
h
o
w
C
QS v
a
lu
es g
r
o
w
as g
r
ee
n
Mg
C
eAl
11
O
19
:Tb
3+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
in
cr
ea
s
es in
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
2
% to
1
0
%
an
d
th
e
h
ig
h
est
v
alu
es
o
f
C
QS
is
ac
h
iev
ed
wh
en
g
r
ee
n
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
Mg
C
eAl
11
O
19
:Tb
3+
in
b
etwe
en
1
0
%
to
1
4
%.
T
h
ese
e
v
en
ts
ar
e
b
ec
a
u
s
e
wh
en
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
th
e
g
r
ee
n
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
is
lo
w
(
2
%
to
1
0
%),
th
e
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
y
ello
w
lig
h
t
s
till
d
o
m
in
ates,
th
e
r
ef
o
r
e
,
th
e
lo
s
s
o
f
lig
h
t
-
tr
a
n
s
m
itti
n
g
en
er
g
y
b
y
s
ca
tter
in
g
lead
s
to
h
ig
h
C
QS
an
d
wh
en
th
e
g
r
ee
n
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
is
f
r
o
m
1
0
%
to
1
4
%,
g
r
ee
n
lig
h
t
is
a
n
e
ce
s
s
ity
to
r
ea
ch
th
e
p
ea
k
v
alu
e
o
f
C
QS.
Ho
wev
er
,
as
th
e
Mg
C
eAl
11
O
19
:Tb
3+
k
e
ep
s
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
,
th
e
ex
ce
s
s
iv
e
g
r
ee
n
lig
h
t
d
ef
lects
th
e
b
alan
ce
am
o
n
g
t
h
e
th
r
ee
c
o
lo
r
s
r
ed
,
g
r
ee
n
,
an
d
y
ello
w,
c
au
s
in
g
a
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
C
QS.
I
t
is
m
u
ch
m
o
r
e
d
if
f
icu
lt
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
c
o
lo
r
q
u
ality
o
f
t
h
e
r
em
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
th
an
th
e
co
n
f
o
r
m
al
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
o
r
in
-
cu
p
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es.
Ad
ju
s
tin
g
th
e
co
lo
r
q
u
ality
in
W
L
E
Ds
with
AC
C
T
o
f
8
5
0
0
K
is
also
m
o
r
e
c
h
allen
g
i
n
g
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
i
n
th
e
T
R
P
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
it
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
th
at
th
e
h
ig
h
er
th
e
AC
C
T
,
th
e
g
r
e
a
t
e
r
t
h
e
C
QS
.
M
o
r
e
o
v
e
r
,
T
R
P
s
t
r
u
ct
u
r
e
a
ls
o
i
n
c
r
e
as
e
s
li
g
h
t
s
c
at
t
e
r
i
n
g
i
n
s
i
d
e
W
L
E
D
s
a
n
d
l
i
m
i
ts
t
h
e
v
o
l
u
m
e
o
f
s
c
a
tt
e
r
e
d
l
i
g
h
t
,
w
h
i
c
h
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
t
h
e
c
o
m
b
i
n
at
i
o
n
o
f
l
i
g
h
t
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
,
r
es
u
l
t
i
n
g
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
w
h
it
e
l
i
g
h
t
w
i
t
h
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
q
u
a
l
it
y
.
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
w
i
l
l
t
h
e
l
i
g
h
t
e
n
e
r
g
y
b
e
a
f
f
e
cte
d
b
y
t
h
i
s
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
s
c
a
t
te
r
i
n
g
?
T
h
is
p
ar
t
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
a
n
d
illu
s
t
r
ates
th
e
n
u
m
er
ical
m
o
d
el
o
f
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
b
lu
e
lig
h
t
an
d
co
n
v
er
ted
y
ello
w
lig
h
t
in
th
e
d
o
u
b
le
-
la
y
er
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
,
f
r
o
m
wh
ich
ch
an
g
es
ca
n
b
e
m
ad
e
to
cr
ea
te
im
m
en
s
e
en
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t
to
L
E
D
ef
f
icien
cy
.
T
h
e
b
l
u
e
lig
h
t
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
an
d
th
e
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
y
el
lo
w
lig
h
t
in
s
in
g
le
lay
er
r
em
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
p
ac
k
ag
e
with
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
la
y
er
th
ic
k
n
ess
o
f
2
h
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
(
1
)
a
n
d
(
2
)
[
21
-
26
]
.
1
=
0
×
−
2
1
ℎ
(
1
)
1
=
1
2
1
×
0
1
−
1
(
−
2
1
ℎ
−
−
2
1
ℎ
)
(
2
)
I
n
d
o
u
b
le
lay
er
r
em
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
p
ac
k
ag
e
with
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
er
th
ick
n
ess
o
f
h
th
e
b
lu
e
lig
h
t
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
an
d
th
e
c
o
n
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
y
ello
w
l
ig
h
t
ar
e
d
e
f
in
ed
as:
2
=
0
×
−
2
2
ℎ
(
3
)
2
=
1
2
2
×
0
2
−
2
(
−
2
2
ℎ
−
−
2
2
ℎ
)
(
4
)
T
h
e
th
ick
n
ess
o
f
ev
er
y
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
er
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
h
.
T
h
e
s
u
b
s
cr
ip
t
"1
"
an
d
"
2
"
d
e
p
ict
s
in
g
le
lay
er
an
d
d
o
u
b
le
-
lay
e
r
r
em
o
t
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
p
ac
k
a
g
e.
β
p
r
ese
n
ts
th
e
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
f
r
o
m
b
lu
e
lig
h
t
to
y
ello
w
lig
h
t.
γ
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
r
ef
lectio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
th
e
y
el
lo
w
lig
h
t.
T
h
e
lig
h
t
in
ten
s
ity
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
b
lu
e
L
E
D
ar
e
th
e
in
ten
s
ities
o
f
b
lu
e
lig
h
t
(
PB
)
an
d
y
ello
w
lig
h
t
(
PY
)
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
b
y
PB
0
.
α
B
;
α
Y
w
h
ich
ar
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
d
ep
ictin
g
th
e
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
th
e
b
lu
e
an
d
y
ello
w
lig
h
ts
en
er
g
y
lo
s
s
in
th
eir
d
if
f
u
s
io
n
p
r
o
c
ess
in
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
er
.
T
h
e
p
c
-
L
E
Ds
lig
h
tin
g
ef
f
icien
cy
d
ev
elo
p
s
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
th
e
d
o
u
b
le
-
lay
e
r
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
a
s
in
g
le
lay
e
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e:
(
2
+
2
)
−
(
1
+
1
)
1
+
1
>
0
(
5
)
T
h
e
s
ca
tter
in
g
o
f
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
p
a
r
ticles
was
te
s
ted
with
th
e
Mi
e
-
th
eo
r
y
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
b
y
ap
p
ly
in
g
th
e
Mie
th
eo
r
y
,
th
e
s
ca
tter
in
g
cr
o
s
s
s
ec
tio
n
C
s
ca
f
o
r
s
p
h
er
ical
p
ar
ticles
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
with
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
lig
h
t
p
o
we
r
ca
n
b
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
th
e
L
am
b
e
r
t
-
B
ee
r
law
[
2
2
]
as
s
h
o
wn
in
(
6
)
.
I
n
wh
ich
I
0
is
th
e
in
cid
en
t
lig
h
t
p
o
wer
,
L
is
th
e
th
ick
n
ess
o
f
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
er
(
m
m
)
an
d
µ
ext
is
th
e
ex
tin
ctio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t,
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as:
µ
ext
=
N
r
.C
ext
,
wh
er
e
N
r
i
s
as
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
d
en
s
ity
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
p
a
r
ticles
(
m
m
-
3
)
.
C
ext
(mm
2
)
is
th
e
ex
tin
ctio
n
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
p
ar
ticles.
=
0
(
−
µ
)
(
6
)
T
h
e
(
5
)
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
l
u
m
in
o
u
s
em
is
s
io
n
o
f
W
L
E
Ds
b
en
ef
its
f
r
o
m
th
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
m
a
n
y
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
e
r
s
.
T
h
e
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
an
d
g
r
ee
n
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
n
c
en
tr
atio
n
s
ar
e
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
with
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
lu
m
in
o
u
s
em
is
s
io
n
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
to
s
tab
ilize
th
e
A
C
C
T
s
,
th
e
c
o
n
ce
n
t
r
atio
n
o
f
y
ello
w
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
m
u
s
t d
r
o
p
as th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
o
f
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
an
d
g
r
ee
n
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
r
is
e.
T
h
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
y
ello
w
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
n
c
en
tr
atio
n
s
er
v
es
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
lim
itin
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th
e
lig
h
t
en
e
r
g
y
co
m
es
f
r
o
m
s
ca
tter
in
g
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
as
s
tated
in
th
e
L
a
m
b
er
t
-
B
ee
r
law
in
(
6
)
,
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
y
ello
w
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
d
ec
lin
es
as
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
lig
h
t
p
o
wer
r
is
es.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
ly
,
th
e
h
ig
h
er
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
ic
Mg
C
eAl
11
O
19
:Tb
3+
lay
er
o
r
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
,
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
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n
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o
l
Mg
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eA
l
11
O
19
:
Tb
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a
n
d
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
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Mn
4+
in
en
h
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g
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My
Ha
n
h
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ye
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Th
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943
lar
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er
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o
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s
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tp
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t,
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n
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t
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n
ately
,
th
at
is
u
n
f
a
v
o
r
ab
le
f
o
r
C
QS.
T
h
e
ex
ce
s
s
iv
e
am
o
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n
t
o
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g
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ce
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ee
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h
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s
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lead
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atio
n
in
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QS.
As
it
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
lu
m
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o
u
s
em
is
s
io
n
(
L
E
)
is
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le
to
m
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e
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p
4
0
%
d
u
e
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th
e
a
d
d
itio
n
o
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g
r
ee
n
lig
h
t
an
d
s
ca
tter
ed
lig
h
t
s
ca
tter
in
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
Mg
C
eAl
11
O
19
:Tb
3+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
e
r
.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
in
8
5
0
0
K
AC
C
T
W
L
E
D
al
s
o
in
f
lu
en
ce
a
b
it
o
n
th
e
e
n
h
an
ce
m
en
t
o
f
L
E
.
Ho
wev
er
,
with
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
with
in
2
-
1
4
%,
th
e
L
E
v
alu
es
r
em
ain
u
n
v
ar
ied
.
T
h
en
wh
en
g
r
ee
n
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
r
ea
ch
es
2
0
%
L
E
b
eg
in
s
to
f
all
o
f
f
s
lig
h
tly
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
is
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alu
ab
le
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
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m
a
n
u
f
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tu
r
er
s
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d
th
e
m
o
s
t
o
p
tim
al
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
f
o
r
th
ese
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
.
Fo
r
in
s
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ce
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e
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
er
s
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n
c
h
o
o
s
e
t
h
e
Mg
C
eAl
11
O
19
:Tb
3+
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
1
0
%
to
1
4
%
with
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
at
2
0
% f
o
r
th
e
h
ig
h
C
QS a
n
d
L
E
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
.
L
u
m
i
n
o
u
s
f
l
u
x
o
f
T
R
P
a
s
a
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
r
e
d
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:
M
n
4+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
a
n
d
g
r
e
e
n
M
g
C
e
A
l
11
O
19
:
T
b
3+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
s
u
m
m
ar
y
,
th
e
T
R
P
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
wh
ich
co
n
tain
s
th
e
g
r
ee
n
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
la
y
er
Mg
C
eAl
11
O
19
:T
b
3+
an
d
th
e
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
e
r
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
,
wa
s
m
en
tio
n
ed
as
an
o
p
tim
al
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
C
R
I
,
C
QS,
an
d
L
E
o
f
W
L
E
Ds.
T
h
e
T
R
P
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
h
as
p
r
o
v
ed
t
o
n
o
t
o
n
ly
en
h
an
ce
th
e
co
lo
r
q
u
ality
b
u
t
also
in
cr
ea
s
e
L
E
,
a
r
esu
lt
th
at
h
as
n
ev
er
s
ee
n
b
e
f
o
r
e.
I
n
o
r
d
er
f
o
r
th
at
to
h
ap
p
e
n
,
a
b
alan
ce
b
etwe
en
t
h
e
th
r
e
e
co
lo
r
s
:
r
e
d
,
g
r
ee
n
an
d
y
ello
w
in
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
la
y
er
s
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
cr
ea
ted
b
y
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
in
Mg
C
eAl
11
O
19
:Tb
3+
an
d
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
.
Ma
n
ag
in
g
th
e
g
r
ee
n
lig
h
t
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
g
r
ee
n
Mg
C
eAl
11
O
19
:Tb
3+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
er
in
W
L
E
Ds
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
th
e
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
o
f
l
u
m
in
o
u
s
f
lu
x
.
B
esid
es,
wh
e
n
d
ea
lin
g
with
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
th
e
r
e
d
Mg
8
Ge
2
O
11
F
2
:Mn
4+
lay
er
,
th
e
r
e
d
lig
h
t
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
i
n
W
L
E
Ds
i
s
th
e
k
ey
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
C
R
I
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
s
ev
er
al
lay
er
s
o
f
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
in
s
tead
o
f
a
s
in
g
le
lay
er
is
m
o
r
e
b
en
ef
icial
to
th
e
en
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t
o
f
lu
m
in
o
u
s
f
lu
x
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
to
th
e
b
est
co
lo
r
q
u
ality
an
d
lu
m
in
escen
ce
W
L
E
Ds with
o
u
ts
tan
d
in
g
attr
ib
u
tes th
at
ca
n
s
a
tis
f
y
th
e
p
eo
p
le’
s
d
em
an
d
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
M
.
M
.
M
a
g
n
o
-
Ca
n
t
o
e
t
a
l.
,
"
M
o
d
e
l
fo
r
d
e
ri
v
in
g
b
e
n
th
ic
irrad
ian
c
e
in
th
e
G
re
a
t
Ba
rrier
Re
e
f
fro
m
M
OD
IS
sa
telli
te
ima
g
e
ry
,
"
Op
t.
Ex
p
re
ss
,
v
o
l
.
2
7
,
n
o
.
2
0
,
p
p
.
A1
3
5
0
-
A1
3
7
1
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
]
I.
G
.
P
a
lch
ik
o
v
a
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Qu
a
n
ti
z
a
ti
o
n
n
o
ise
a
s
a
d
e
term
in
a
n
t
f
o
r
c
o
lo
r
t
h
re
sh
o
l
d
s
in
m
a
c
h
i
n
e
v
isi
o
n
,
"
J
.
O
p
t.
S
o
c
.
Am.
A,
v
o
l
.
3
5
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
B
2
1
4
-
B
2
2
2
,
2
0
1
8
.
[3
]
T.
Ko
z
a
c
k
i
e
t
a
l.
,
"
F
o
u
rier rai
n
b
o
w h
o
l
o
g
ra
p
h
y
,
"
O
p
t.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
2
6
,
n
o
.
1
9
,
p
p
.
2
5
0
8
6
-
2
5
0
9
7
,
2
0
1
8
.
[4
]
S
.
W.
Je
o
n
e
t
a
l.
,
"
O
p
ti
c
a
l
d
e
s
ig
n
o
f
d
e
n
tal
li
g
h
t
u
si
n
g
a
re
m
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
li
g
h
t
-
e
m
it
ti
n
g
d
io
d
e
p
a
c
k
a
g
e
fo
r
imp
ro
v
i
n
g
il
l
u
m
in
a
ti
o
n
u
n
if
o
rm
it
y
,
"
Ap
p
l.
O
p
t
,
v
o
l
.
5
7
,
n
o
.
2
1
,
p
p
.
5
9
9
8
-
6
0
0
3
,
2
0
1
8
.
[5
]
Y.
T.
Wan
g
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
C
o
lo
r
c
o
n
v
e
rsio
n
e
fficie
n
c
y
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
c
o
ll
o
i
d
a
l
q
u
a
n
tu
m
d
o
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
i
t
s
li
n
k
a
g
e
with
sy
n
th
e
siz
e
d
m
e
tal
n
a
n
o
p
a
rti
c
le o
n
a
b
lu
e
l
ig
h
t
-
emi
tt
in
g
d
io
d
e
,
"
O
p
t.
L
e
tt
,
v
o
l.
4
4
,
n
o
.
2
3
,
p
p
.
5
6
9
1
-
5
6
9
4
,
2
0
1
9
.
[6
]
Y.
Tan
g
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
En
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
l
u
m
in
o
u
s
e
ffica
c
y
fo
r
LE
D
lam
p
s
b
y
i
n
tr
o
d
u
c
in
g
p
o
ly
a
c
ry
lo
n
it
ril
e
e
lec
tro
sp
in
n
in
g
n
a
n
o
fi
b
e
r
fil
m
,
"
Op
t.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l
.
2
6
,
n
o
.
2
1
,
p
p
.
2
7
7
1
6
-
2
7
7
2
5
,
2
0
1
8
.
[7
]
P
.
Zh
u
et
a
l.
,
"
De
sig
n
o
f
c
irca
d
i
a
n
wh
it
e
li
g
h
t
-
e
m
it
ti
n
g
d
io
d
e
s
with
t
u
n
a
b
le
c
o
lo
r
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
a
n
d
n
e
a
rly
p
e
rfe
c
t
c
o
lo
r
re
n
d
it
i
o
n
,
"
O
S
A
Co
n
ti
n
u
u
m,
v
o
l
.
2
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
2
4
1
3
-
2
4
2
7
,
2
0
1
9
.
[8
]
A.
J.
He
n
n
in
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.