T
E
L
KO
M
N
I
KA
T
e
lec
om
m
u
n
icat
ion
,
Com
p
u
t
i
n
g,
E
lec
t
r
on
ics
an
d
Cont
r
ol
Vol.
18
,
No.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
2020
,
pp.
156
~
165
I
S
S
N:
1693
-
6930,
a
c
c
r
e
dit
e
d
F
ir
s
t
G
r
a
de
by
Ke
me
nr
is
tekdikti
,
De
c
r
e
e
No:
21/E
/KP
T
/2018
DO
I
:
10.
12928/
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
.
v18i1.
10452
156
Jou
r
n
al
h
omepage
:
ht
tp:
//
jour
nal.
uad
.
ac
.
id/
index
.
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E
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.
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.
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ik
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ep
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ect
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cal
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e
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n
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v
er
s
i
t
y
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N
i
g
er
i
a
Ar
t
icle
I
n
f
o
AB
S
T
RA
CT
A
r
ti
c
le
h
is
tor
y
:
R
e
c
e
ived
J
un
2
9
,
20
18
R
e
vis
e
d
J
ul
1
9
,
20
19
Ac
c
e
pted
Aug
1
,
20
19
T
h
e
ad
v
a
n
ces
o
f
t
ec
h
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y
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u
l
t
i
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g
i
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t
h
e
p
ro
l
i
fera
t
i
o
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o
f
mo
b
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l
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ev
i
ce
s
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y
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eces
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g
o
f
t
h
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ed
u
cat
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o
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al
s
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em.
T
h
i
s
can
b
e
em
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l
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u
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y
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m
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at
p
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o
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o
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earch
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t
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mp
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i
p
s
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a
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s
p
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j
ect
i
s
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e
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g
J
av
aScr
i
p
t
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H
T
ML
an
d
CSS
fo
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;
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s
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en
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fo
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at
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b
as
e.
It
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s
a
w
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ap
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ca
t
i
o
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t
h
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en
ab
l
es
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s
t
u
d
en
t
s
t
o
u
p
l
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ad
t
h
ei
r
res
earch
w
o
r
k
s
,
v
i
ew
t
h
e
res
earc
h
o
f
o
t
h
ers
an
d
co
l
l
a
b
o
ra
t
e
w
i
t
h
p
eer
s
.
T
h
i
s
s
y
s
t
em
h
as
a
h
i
g
h
p
o
t
en
t
i
al
t
o
en
h
a
n
ce
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
p
art
i
ci
p
at
i
o
n
i
n
u
n
i
v
er
s
i
t
i
e
s
’
res
earc
h
s
t
u
d
i
es
.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
:
Da
taba
s
e
E
-
lea
r
ning
M
obil
e
lea
r
ning
R
e
pos
it
or
y
S
e
lf
-
lea
r
ning
W
e
b
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
Th
i
s
i
s
a
n
o
p
en
a
c
ces
s
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
i
ce
n
s
e
.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
din
g
A
u
th
or
:
S
omef
un
T
.
E
.
,
De
pa
r
tm
e
nt
of
E
lec
tr
ic
a
l
a
nd
I
nf
o
r
mation
E
nginee
r
ing,
C
ove
na
nt
Unive
r
s
it
y,
C
a
na
a
n
land,
KM
10,
I
dir
oko
,
R
oa
d,
P
.
M
.
B
.
1023
,
Ota
,
Ogun
S
tate
,
Nige
r
ia
.
E
mail:
tobi
.
s
homef
un@c
ove
na
ntuni
ve
r
s
it
y.
e
du.
ng
1.
I
NT
RODU
C
T
I
ON
Ove
r
the
ye
a
r
s
,
ther
e
ha
s
be
e
n
a
r
a
pid
incr
e
a
s
e
in
t
he
us
e
of
mobi
le
de
vice
s
a
s
us
e
r
s
de
r
ive
plea
s
ur
e
in
them
in
va
r
ious
wa
ys
s
uc
h
a
s
por
tabili
ty
a
nd
a
da
ptabili
ty
[
1
,
2
]
.
Ac
c
or
ding
to
[
3]
,
a
va
il
a
bil
it
y
of
tele
c
omm
unica
ti
ons
s
e
r
vice
s
pr
ovide
e
a
s
y
a
c
c
e
s
s
to
inf
o
r
mation,
bu
t
in
r
e
c
e
nt
ti
me,
mobi
le
de
vi
c
e
s
li
ke
s
mar
tphones
a
r
e
us
e
d
mor
e
f
r
e
que
ntl
y
f
o
r
va
r
ious
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
other
than
tele
c
omm
unica
ti
on
[
4]
.
M
obil
e
de
vice
ha
s
unique
a
nd
e
xc
e
pti
ona
l
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
in
lea
r
ning
a
c
ti
vit
ies
,
a
lt
hough
,
c
onve
nti
ona
l
lea
r
ning
a
c
ti
vit
ies
s
ti
ll
play
a
n
im
por
tant
r
ole
in
lea
r
ning
pr
o
c
e
s
s
,
it
s
uf
f
e
r
s
f
r
om
li
mi
ted
us
e
o
f
t
im
e
[
5
]
.
He
nc
e
,
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
s
e
c
tor
s
of
s
oc
iety
a
r
e
a
dopti
ng
the
us
e
of
mobi
le
d
e
vice
tec
hnology
f
or
a
wide
r
a
nge
of
s
e
r
vice
s
a
nd
thi
s
tr
e
nd
ha
s
ne
c
e
s
s
it
a
ted
the
r
e
s
tr
uc
tur
ing
o
f
the
e
duc
a
ti
ona
l
s
ys
tem.
M
obil
e
lea
r
ning
is
r
e
f
e
r
r
e
d
to
a
s
the
us
e
of
mobi
le
or
ha
ndhe
ld
I
T
de
vice
s
s
uc
h
a
s
mobi
le
tele
phone
s
,
laptops
,
e
tc.
in
tea
c
hing
a
nd
lea
r
ning
[
6
,
7
]
.
I
t
is
a
n
e
volut
ion
of
dis
tanc
e
lea
r
ning
whic
h
invo
lves
lea
r
ning
that
take
s
plac
e
be
twe
e
n
s
tudent(
s
)
a
nd
tut
or
without
phys
ica
l
c
ontac
t
[
8]
.
T
he
f
ir
s
t
e
xpli
c
it
r
e
c
or
d
o
f
dis
tanc
e
lea
r
ning
is
a
n
a
dve
r
ti
s
e
ment
f
e
a
tur
e
d
in
the
B
os
ton
Ga
z
e
tt
e
of
20
th
M
a
r
c
h,
1728.
T
his
a
d
ve
r
t
wa
s
a
c
a
ll
made
by
‘
C
a
leb
P
hil
li
ps
,
T
e
a
c
he
r
of
the
ne
w
method
of
S
hor
t
Ha
nd’
to
pe
ople
in
ter
e
s
ted
in
lea
r
n
ing
s
hor
t
ha
nd.
T
he
r
e
a
f
ter
,
s
ome
other
a
tt
e
mpt
s
s
ur
f
a
c
e
d
a
c
e
ntur
y
late
r
f
r
om
I
s
a
a
c
P
it
man
who
incor
po
r
a
ted
f
e
e
dba
c
k
s
ys
tem.
T
he
s
ys
tem
a
ll
ows
tut
or
to
r
e
c
e
ive
a
s
s
ignm
e
nts
f
r
om
s
tudent(
s
)
,
c
or
r
e
c
t
them
a
nd
s
e
nd
the
c
or
r
e
c
ti
ons
ba
c
k
to
them
via
c
or
r
e
s
ponde
nc
e
[
9
,
10
]
.
E
a
r
ly
a
tt
e
mpt
s
a
t
dis
tanc
e
e
duc
a
ti
on
invol
ve
d
the
us
e
of
m
a
il
s
a
nd
pos
tal
s
e
r
vice
s
.
How
e
ve
r
,
in
the
pr
e
s
e
nt
da
y
a
nd
t
im
e
a
nd
with
the
a
dve
nt
o
f
the
int
e
r
ne
t,
dis
tanc
e
lea
r
ning
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
De
v
e
lopme
nt
of
a
r
e
s
e
ar
c
h
pr
ojec
t
r
e
po
s
it
or
y
(
Some
fun
T
.
E
.
)
157
invol
ve
s
onli
ne
e
duc
a
ti
on
(
e
-
lea
r
ning)
,
with
th
e
pr
oli
f
e
r
a
ti
on
of
mobi
le
de
vice
s
br
ingi
ng
on
boa
r
d
the
c
onc
e
pt
of
mobi
le
lea
r
ning
(
m
-
lea
r
ning)
.
I
t
is
ve
r
y
int
e
r
e
s
ti
ng
to
note
that
a
lt
hough
Unive
r
s
i
ty
e
duc
a
ti
on
da
tes
a
s
f
a
r
ba
c
k
a
s
AD
859
[
11]
a
nd
ther
e
we
r
e
no
e
duc
a
ti
ona
l
p
r
ogr
a
ms
us
ing
the
int
e
r
ne
t
be
f
or
e
1996
[
12]
,
i
t
is
s
tr
ongly
be
li
e
ve
d
tha
t
mobi
le
de
vice
s
c
ould
c
ontr
ibut
e
pos
it
ively
to
the
lea
r
ning
pr
oc
e
s
s
[
13]
an
d
is
now
a
ke
y
int
e
r
e
s
t
of
e
duc
a
ti
ona
l
pr
a
c
ti
ti
one
r
s
a
t
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
s
tage
s
[
1]
.
M
obil
e
lea
r
ning
ha
s
be
e
n
de
f
ined
a
s
the
f
o
r
m
of
lea
r
ning
a
ided
by
the
us
e
of
mobi
le
de
vice
s
[
14]
s
uc
h
a
s
s
mar
t
phone
s
,
table
ts
,
e
tc.
I
t
s
uppor
ts
lea
r
ne
r
s
withi
n
a
nd
outs
ide
of
the
f
or
mal
e
duc
a
ti
on
s
ys
tem,
e
na
bli
ng
them
to
be
a
c
ti
ve
pa
r
ti
c
ipants
a
nd
no
t
jus
t
pa
s
s
ive
r
e
c
ipi
e
nts
of
knowle
dge
[
6]
.
Via
the
plat
f
or
m
c
r
e
a
ted
by
mobi
le
lea
r
ning,
s
tudents
a
nd
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
s
c
a
n
obtai
n
a
c
c
e
s
s
to
us
e
f
ul
r
e
s
our
c
e
s
with
out
be
ing
phys
ica
ll
y
pr
e
s
e
nt
a
t
the
ge
ogr
a
phica
l
loca
ti
on
whe
r
e
s
uc
h
mate
r
ials
a
r
e
s
tor
e
d
in
li
br
a
r
ies
[
15
-
17]
.
T
his
platf
or
m
br
e
a
ks
thr
ough
the
c
ons
tr
a
int
s
whic
h
the
c
las
s
r
oom
int
r
oduc
e
s
in
t
e
r
ms
of
it
s
tempor
a
l
a
nd
phys
ica
l
bounda
r
ies
,
thus
making
inf
or
mation
a
va
il
a
ble
a
nd
not
r
e
s
tr
icte
d
by
ti
me
or
plac
e
of
lea
r
ning
[
1]
.
Due
to
it
s
many
be
ne
f
it
s
,
mobi
le
lea
r
ning
ha
s
be
e
n
wide
ly
a
c
c
e
pted.
2.
RE
VI
E
W
OF
RE
L
AT
E
D
WORKS
2.
1.
Re
s
e
ar
c
h
Gat
e
W
it
h
the
f
ur
ther
a
nc
e
o
f
tec
hnology
,
a
c
a
de
mi
c
s
h
a
ve
be
e
n
given
the
oppor
tuni
ty
to
publi
c
is
e
their
s
c
holar
ly
wor
ks
a
nd
c
oll
a
bor
a
te
with
li
ke
mi
nde
d
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
s
ove
r
long
dis
tanc
e
s
.
T
he
s
e
two
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
s
howe
ve
r
ha
ve
be
e
n
s
e
pa
r
a
ted
to
a
lar
ge
e
xtent
a
s
the
publi
c
a
ti
ons
c
ould
be
done
via
li
nks
on
a
uthor
ho
me
pa
ge
s
,
whe
r
e
a
s
the
c
omm
unica
ti
on
a
nd
c
oll
a
bor
a
ti
on
take
plac
e
o
n
s
oc
ial
media
plat
f
or
ms
s
uc
h
a
s
F
a
c
e
book
a
nd
L
inkedI
n.
P
latf
or
ms
li
ke
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
hGa
te
ha
ve
be
e
n
a
ble
to
r
e
move
the
s
e
pa
r
a
ti
on
a
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
s
a
r
e
giv
e
n
the
o
ppor
tuni
ty
to
dis
s
e
mi
na
te
their
wor
k
a
s
we
ll
a
s
c
oll
a
bor
a
te
wi
th
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
s
of
s
im
il
a
r
in
ter
e
s
ts
,
a
ll
on
one
platf
o
r
m
[
18]
.
L
ike
Ac
a
de
mi
a
.
e
du,
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
hGa
te
is
a
n
“
int
e
r
s
e
c
ti
on
be
twe
e
n
s
oc
ial
media
a
nd
s
c
holar
ly
publi
s
hing”
[
19]
.
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
hG
a
te
is
a
n
a
c
a
de
mi
c
s
oc
ial
ne
twor
king
s
e
r
vice
f
or
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
s
that
is
de
s
igned
to
a
id
a
c
c
e
s
s
to
a
c
a
de
mi
c
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
s
we
ll
a
s
pr
ovide
a
platf
or
m
f
o
r
c
oll
a
bor
a
ti
ons
[
20,
21
]
.
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
hGa
te
is
the
incor
por
a
ti
on
of
a
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
pr
o
jec
t
r
e
pos
it
or
y
withi
n
a
s
oc
ial
ne
twor
king
s
it
e
f
o
r
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
s
[
18
]
.
I
t
wa
s
f
ounde
d
in
2008
by
the
phys
icia
ns
Dr
.
I
jad
M
a
dis
c
h
a
nd
D
r
.
S
ö
r
e
n
Hof
maye
r
,
a
nd
a
c
omput
e
r
s
c
ientis
t
na
med
Hor
s
t
F
icke
ns
c
he
r
.
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
hGa
te
ha
s
the
f
oll
owin
g
f
e
a
tur
e
s
:
−
I
t
is
f
r
e
e
to
joi
n;
−
I
t
gives
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
s
the
oppor
tuni
ty
to
s
ha
r
e
their
publi
c
a
ti
ons
,
whils
t
givi
ng
them
the
oppor
tuni
ty
to
f
oll
ow
the
pr
ojec
ts
of
o
ther
s
;
−
I
t
e
na
bles
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
s
to
c
onne
c
t
a
nd
c
oll
a
bor
a
te
w
it
h
their
c
oll
e
a
gue
s
a
s
we
ll
a
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
s
with
c
om
mon
int
e
r
e
s
ts
;
−
I
t
pr
ovides
a
platf
or
m
to
a
s
k
a
nd
a
ns
we
r
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
q
ue
s
ti
ons
;
a
nd
−
It
ha
s
a
job
f
indi
ng
uti
li
ty
whe
r
e
r
e
c
r
uit
e
r
s
c
a
n
ge
t
a
ppli
c
a
nts
f
r
om
s
pe
c
if
ic
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
r
e
a
s
.
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
hG
a
te
a
ll
ows
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
s
to
tr
a
c
k
a
nd
f
oll
ow
the
publi
c
a
ti
ons
of
other
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
s
in
their
f
ield.
I
t
li
nks
them
a
r
ound
s
pe
c
if
ic
topi
c
s
.
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
s
a
ls
o
h
a
ve
the
a
bil
it
y
to
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
nd
f
il
ter
on
a
wide
va
r
iety
of
topi
c
s
[
21]
.
A
s
ur
ve
y
of
100
a
c
a
de
mi
c
s
in
a
n
I
ndian
ins
ti
tut
ion
s
howe
d
that
the
c
omm
on
r
e
a
s
ons
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
s
us
e
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
hGa
t
e
a
r
e
to
f
ind
out
a
bout
the
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
wor
k
of
other
s
,
to
be
up
to
da
te,
a
nd
to
be
invol
ve
d
in
s
tudy
gr
oups
[
22]
.
F
ur
the
r
m
or
e
,
whe
n
a
n
onl
ine
c
omm
unit
y
is
e
s
tablis
he
d,
the
membe
r
s
a
r
e
e
nc
our
a
ge
d
to
pa
r
ti
c
ipate
a
s
they
be
li
e
ve
their
pe
e
r
s
or
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
gr
oups
a
r
e
int
e
r
e
s
ted
in
their
pa
r
ti
c
ip
a
ti
on
[
23
]
.
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
hG
a
te
a
ls
o
ha
s
a
f
e
a
tur
e
c
a
ll
e
d
R
G
s
c
or
e
.
T
his
s
c
or
e
is
a
s
s
igned
ba
s
e
d
on
the
int
e
r
a
c
ti
ons
whic
h
a
us
e
r
ha
s
with
c
ontent
a
nd
other
f
a
c
tor
s
s
uc
h
a
s
view
s
,
downloa
ds
a
nd
c
it
a
ti
ons
[
19]
.
He
nc
e
,
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
hG
a
te
is
ther
e
f
o
r
e
,
pr
im
a
r
il
y
a
s
oc
ial
ne
twor
king
s
it
e
f
or
a
c
a
de
mi
c
s
[
19
]
that
ha
s
a
ddit
ional
or
s
uppor
ti
ng
f
e
a
tur
e
s
.
L
im
it
a
ti
ons
:
−
T
he
r
e
ha
ve
be
e
n
numer
ous
c
ompl
a
int
s
on
e
mail
s
pa
mm
ing;
us
e
r
s
r
e
c
e
ivi
ng
s
e
ve
r
a
l
unwa
nted
upda
tes
in
a
da
y
[
21]
;
−
I
ns
uf
f
icie
nt
inf
o
r
mation
is
given
a
s
r
e
ga
r
ds
t
he
a
ge
a
nd
dis
c
ipl
ine
of
the
a
r
ti
c
les
on
the
s
it
e
.
T
he
us
e
f
ulnes
s
of
the
publi
c
a
ti
on
s
tatis
ti
c
s
f
r
om
th
e
s
it
e
a
s
im
pa
c
t
indi
c
a
tor
s
is
a
ls
o
unknown
[
24]
;
a
n
d
−
S
c
holar
ly
wor
k
is
not
a
ll
a
bout
s
ha
r
ing.
I
t
is
a
ls
o
a
bout
c
ompetit
ion
a
nd
thi
s
would
make
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
s
unwill
ing
to
r
e
lea
s
e
a
gr
e
a
t
de
a
l
o
f
their
wor
k
[
19]
.
2.
2.
Googl
e
S
c
h
olar
Google
s
c
holar
wa
s
c
r
e
a
ted
in
Nove
mber
,
2004
[
25
]
by
Anur
a
g
Ac
ha
r
ya
,
[
26
]
a
dis
ti
nguis
he
d
e
nginee
r
a
t
Google
with
the
a
im
o
f
“
making
the
wo
r
ld’
s
p
r
o
blem
s
olver
s
10%
mor
e
e
f
f
icie
nt”
[
27]
by
pr
ovidi
n
g
quicke
r
a
nd
e
a
s
ier
a
c
c
e
s
s
to
s
c
holar
ly
a
r
ti
c
les
.
Ac
c
or
din
g
to
Ac
ha
r
ya
,
“
inf
or
mation
ha
d
ve
r
y
s
tr
ong
ge
o
gr
a
phica
l
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
2020
:
156
-
165
158
bounda
r
ies
”
[
27]
a
nd
it
is
c
lea
r
that
Google
S
c
ho
lar
is
on
the
que
s
t
to
s
olv
e
thi
s
a
s
much
a
s
it
c
a
n.
Google
S
c
holar
is
a
s
e
a
r
c
h
s
e
r
vice
that
wa
s
c
r
e
a
ted
e
xc
lu
s
ively
f
or
the
s
e
a
r
c
h
o
f
s
c
holar
ly
doc
uments
[
28]
.
I
t
dr
a
ws
f
r
om
univer
s
it
y
r
e
pos
it
or
ies
,
the
publi
c
a
ti
ons
of
jour
na
ls
a
nd
we
bs
it
e
s
whic
h
it
ha
s
identif
ied
a
s
s
c
holar
ly
[
29,
30]
.
B
e
f
or
e
the
a
dve
nt
of
the
onli
ne
c
a
ta
logue
s
ys
tem,
dis
c
ove
r
y
of
mate
r
ials
wa
s
a
ve
r
y
tedious
wor
k
.
T
he
r
igo
r
invol
ve
d
in
a
c
c
e
s
s
ing
the
ne
e
de
d
da
ta
wa
s
not
li
mi
ted
to
the
li
b
r
a
r
y
s
ys
tem
but
a
s
tec
hnology
c
onti
nue
d
to
a
dva
nc
e
,
thi
s
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
lowly
be
ga
n
to
be
c
ome
a
thi
ng
of
the
pa
s
t.
S
e
ve
r
a
l
a
tt
e
mpt
s
h
a
ve
be
e
n
made
to
“
de
c
ouple
dis
c
ove
r
y
a
nd
a
c
c
e
s
s
”
to
the
r
e
quir
e
d
inf
o
r
mation
a
nd
a
c
c
or
ding
to
How
land
,
Google
S
c
holar
did
[
31
]
.
W
he
n
Google
wa
s
f
ir
s
t
made
a
v
a
il
a
ble
to
the
publi
c
in
1998,
it
ha
d
ove
r
25
mi
ll
i
on
pa
ge
s
indexe
d
a
nd
in
2005
,
it
ha
d
we
ll
ove
r
25
bil
li
on
pa
g
e
s
indexe
d
a
nd
s
o
,
by
the
e
nd
of
2004,
whe
n
Google
S
c
holar
wa
s
r
e
lea
s
e
d,
Google
a
lr
e
a
dy
ha
d
a
lot
of
e
xpe
r
ienc
e
in
dis
c
ove
r
y
of
da
ta
f
or
us
e
r
s
’
c
ons
umpt
ion
[
3
1]
.
T
he
ir
pr
ior
e
xpe
r
ienc
e
in
the
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ul
mana
ge
ment
of
Google
’
s
W
e
b
s
e
a
r
c
h
wa
s
pivot
a
l
to
the
e
s
tablis
hment
of
Google
S
c
holar
.
A
s
tudy
c
a
r
r
ied
out
by
How
land
a
nd
his
c
oll
e
a
gue
s
on
Google
S
c
holar
,
c
ompar
ing
it
with
other
da
taba
s
e
s
ba
s
e
d
on
the
e
xc
lus
ivi
ty
of
it
s
c
ont
e
nt,
the
c
it
a
ti
on
a
nd
a
r
ub
r
ic
popula
r
ly
us
e
d
to
e
va
luate
pr
int
mate
r
ials
,
f
ound
Google
S
c
holar
17.
6
%
mor
e
s
c
holar
ly
[
31
]
.
Google
S
c
holar
,
unli
ke
many
other
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
ngines
,
e
xc
lus
ively
de
li
ve
r
s
s
c
ientif
ic
doc
uments
[
28]
a
nd
s
o
is
ve
r
y
much
c
onve
nient
f
or
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
s
w
ho
a
lr
e
a
dy
us
e
Google
in
their
que
s
t
f
o
r
in
f
o
r
mation.
T
he
c
onve
nienc
e
of
Google
S
c
holar
is
f
ur
ther
e
na
bled
by
it
s
s
pe
c
if
ic
l
ink
r
e
s
olut
ion
li
nking
the
s
e
a
r
c
h
r
e
s
ult
s
dir
e
c
tl
y
to
the
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
’
s
li
br
a
r
y
[
25
]
.
Anothe
r
a
dva
ntage
of
Google
S
c
holar
is
that
it
pr
ovides
c
it
a
ti
on
a
na
lys
is
[
28]
a
nd
ha
s
a
wide
c
ove
r
a
ge
o
f
ope
n
a
c
c
e
s
s
s
c
holar
ly
wor
k
[
25
,
31]
.
Google
S
c
holar
is
be
ing
c
ha
ll
e
nge
d
a
c
a
de
mi
c
a
ll
y
by
a
t
lea
s
t
two
types
o
f
li
ter
a
tur
e
.
One
s
e
t
is
a
im
e
d
a
t
a
na
lys
ing
the
f
unc
t
ionalit
y,
c
ove
r
a
ge
a
nd
the
f
r
e
que
nc
y
with
whic
h
Google
S
c
holar
is
upda
ted
with
mate
r
ials
.
On
the
other
ha
n
d,
ther
e
a
r
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
wor
ks
c
a
r
r
ied
out
in
a
bid
to
a
s
c
e
r
tain
if
Google
S
c
holar
c
a
n
be
us
e
d
a
s
a
n
a
lt
e
r
na
ti
ve
tool
f
or
c
it
a
ti
on
a
na
lys
is
[
28]
.
I
r
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
of
the
di
f
f
e
r
ing
op
ini
ons
,
Google
S
c
ho
lar
is
us
e
d
a
s
a
bibl
iom
e
tr
ic
tool
f
o
r
the
c
oll
e
c
ti
on
of
inf
or
mation
on
the
c
it
a
ti
on
im
pa
c
t
o
f
a
r
ti
c
les
or
s
c
holar
ly
jour
na
ls
.
Ac
c
or
ding
to
J
a
s
c
o,
Google
S
c
holar
c
ould
a
ls
o
be
us
e
d
potentially
a
s
a
c
it
a
ti
o
n
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
lt
e
r
na
ti
ve
to
W
e
b
of
S
c
ienc
e
a
nd
S
c
opus
.
T
his
would
be
e
s
pe
c
ially
a
dva
ntage
ous
to
li
br
a
r
ies
r
unn
ing
on
s
mall
budge
ts
[
25
]
.
Als
o
,
mor
e
r
e
c
e
nt
s
tudi
e
s
ha
ve
s
hown
a
n
incr
e
a
s
e
in
the
c
ove
r
a
ge
of
Google
S
c
holar
than
i
n
it
s
e
a
r
ly
ye
a
r
s
[
32]
.
S
tudents
p
r
e
f
e
r
to
us
e
r
e
s
our
c
e
s
that
a
r
e
r
e
latively
a
c
c
e
s
s
i
ble
a
nd
e
a
s
y
to
f
ind.
T
he
y
a
ls
o
pr
e
f
e
r
pr
oduc
ts
that
would
s
e
r
ve
a
s
a
“
one
-
s
top”
platf
or
m
f
or
them
[
33]
.
P
e
r
c
e
ived
us
e
f
ulnes
s
r
e
f
e
r
s
to
the
de
gr
e
e
to
whic
h
a
us
e
r
thi
nks
of
how
a
pr
oduc
t
would
e
nha
nc
e
h
is
/her
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
while
pe
r
c
e
ived
e
a
s
e
of
u
s
e
r
e
f
e
r
s
to
the
leve
l
of
de
mand
whic
h
a
us
e
r
thi
nks
a
pr
oduc
t
o
r
pr
oc
e
s
s
would
make
[
34]
.
I
n
the
mi
ds
t
of
thes
e
,
the
r
e
lations
hip
be
twe
e
n
pe
r
c
e
ived
us
e
f
ul
ne
s
s
a
nd
us
a
ge
is
s
igni
f
ica
ntl
y
s
tr
onge
r
than
the
r
e
lations
hip
be
twe
e
n
e
a
s
e
of
us
e
a
nd
us
a
ge
[
33]
.
T
his
is
lar
ge
ly
due
to
the
f
a
c
t
that
in
the
e
nd,
us
e
r
s
would
s
ubs
c
r
ibe
to
the
s
e
r
vice
that
would
incr
e
a
s
e
their
pr
oduc
ti
vit
y;
f
or
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
s
,
f
a
s
ter
publi
c
a
ti
ons
due
to
inc
r
e
a
s
e
d
a
c
c
e
s
s
to
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
da
ta
a
nd
f
or
s
tudents
,
be
tt
e
r
gr
a
de
s
.
L
im
it
a
ti
ons
:
−
Google
S
c
holar
is
s
us
c
e
pti
ble
to
s
pa
mm
ing.
A
de
mons
tr
a
ti
on
c
a
r
r
ied
out
in
2010
with
the
p
s
e
udo
pe
r
s
ona
li
ty,
I
ke
Antka
r
e
by
C
yr
il
L
a
bbe
[
35
]
s
hows
that
da
ta
c
a
n
be
manipulate
d
to
a
f
f
e
c
t
the
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
ind
ica
tor
s
.
−
Da
ta
r
e
dunda
nc
y.
R
e
dunda
nc
y
e
xis
ts
in
the
s
ys
tem
a
s
Google
S
c
holar
ha
s
be
e
n
una
ble
to
r
e
t
r
ieve
dupli
c
a
tes
.
T
his
lea
ds
to
s
tr
a
y
c
it
a
ti
on
[
32
]
.
−
M
a
tt
he
w’
s
e
f
f
e
c
t.
A
high
we
ight
is
plac
e
d
on
c
it
a
ti
on
c
ounts
by
Google
in
it
s
r
a
nking
a
lgor
it
hm
.
H
e
nc
e
,
whe
n
s
e
a
r
c
he
s
a
r
e
made
,
s
c
holar
ly
wor
ks
with
hig
he
r
c
it
a
ti
on
c
ounts
a
ppe
a
r
f
i
r
s
t.
T
his
c
a
us
e
s
them
to
ge
t
mor
e
c
it
a
ti
ons
while
r
e
c
e
nt
wor
ks
with
f
e
we
r
c
it
a
ti
on
c
ounts
r
e
main
with
a
les
s
c
ha
nc
e
to
ge
t
c
it
e
d
[
3
6]
.
−
T
he
da
taba
s
e
doe
s
not
c
ove
r
the
s
oc
ial
s
c
ienc
e
s
a
nd
humaniti
e
s
a
s
much
a
s
i
t
doe
s
f
or
s
c
ienc
e
a
nd
me
dica
l
da
taba
s
e
s
[
25]
.
−
Dif
f
iculty
e
xis
ts
in
a
s
s
e
s
s
ing
the
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
of
Google
S
c
holar
a
s
a
s
our
c
e
f
o
r
e
va
luation
m
e
tr
ics
be
c
a
us
e
of
the
inabili
ty
to
make
da
ta
e
xpor
ts
f
or
a
na
lys
is
[
32]
.
I
n
s
umm
a
r
y,
Google
S
c
holar
is
a
f
r
e
e
we
b
s
e
r
vice
that
gives
it
s
us
e
r
s
f
r
e
e
a
c
c
e
s
s
to
the
c
it
a
ti
on
s
a
nd
the
a
bs
tr
a
c
ts
of
mi
ll
ions
o
f
a
r
t
icle
s
,
it
ha
s
a
ve
r
y
s
im
ple
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
,
a
nd
it
r
e
tur
ns
s
e
a
r
c
h
r
e
s
ult
s
r
a
nke
d
by
r
e
leva
nc
y.
W
hil
e
the
r
e
view
e
d
wor
ks
a
r
e
ve
r
y
f
a
nt
a
s
ti
c
in
their
s
tr
e
ngth,
thi
s
pr
e
s
e
nt
s
tudy
a
im
s
a
t
p
r
omot
ing
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
in
C
ove
na
nt
Unive
r
s
it
y
a
mongs
t
s
tudents
by
givi
ng
them
the
oppor
tuni
ty
to
e
xe
r
c
is
e
their
s
c
holar
ly
a
bil
it
ies
,
e
a
s
y
a
c
c
e
s
s
to
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
pr
ojec
ts
c
a
r
r
ied
out
by
other
s
tudents
,
c
oll
a
bor
a
ti
on
with
other
s
tud
e
nts
with
s
im
il
a
r
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
inclinations
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
De
v
e
lopme
nt
of
a
r
e
s
e
ar
c
h
pr
ojec
t
r
e
po
s
it
or
y
(
Some
fun
T
.
E
.
)
159
3.
S
YST
E
M
DE
S
I
GN
T
his
s
e
c
ti
on
gives
a
ge
ne
r
a
l
ove
r
view
of
the
de
s
ig
n
of
thi
s
wor
k
.
F
igur
e
1
s
hows
the
a
r
c
hit
e
c
tur
e
of
the
s
ys
tem
whic
h
gives
the
ove
r
a
ll
view
of
the
s
ys
tem.
T
his
s
ys
tem
c
ons
is
ts
of
thr
e
e
major
divi
s
ions
na
mely:
-
T
he
f
r
on
t
-
e
nd
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on;
-
T
he
ba
c
k
-
e
nd
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
;
a
nd
-
T
he
d
a
taba
s
e
.
F
igur
e
1.
S
ys
tem
a
r
c
hit
e
c
tur
e
3.
1.
F
r
on
t
-
e
n
d
d
e
ve
lop
m
e
n
t
T
he
f
r
ont
-
e
nd
of
a
we
b
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
r
e
f
e
r
s
to
the
main
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
that
the
us
e
r
in
ter
a
c
ts
with
.
I
t
is
r
e
s
pons
ibl
e
f
or
the
look
a
nd
f
e
e
l
o
f
the
we
bs
it
e
.
He
r
e
,
e
mphas
is
is
plac
e
d
on
vis
ua
l
c
r
e
a
ti
vit
y
[
37
]
.
I
t
hos
ts
hype
r
text
mar
k
-
up
langua
ge
(
HT
M
L
)
,
c
a
s
c
a
ding
s
tyl
e
s
he
e
ts
(
C
S
S
)
a
nd
J
a
va
S
c
r
ipt
s
e
r
vice
s
.
B
oots
tr
a
p
is
a
f
r
ont
-
e
nd
f
r
a
mew
or
k
f
or
de
s
igni
ng
r
e
s
pons
ive
we
bs
it
e
s
a
nd
we
b
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
.
I
t
c
ontains
HT
M
L
a
nd
C
S
S
-
ba
s
e
d
templat
e
s
f
or
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
c
omponents
na
mely:
butt
ons
,
f
or
ms
,
na
vigation
c
omp
one
nts
,
e
tc.
I
t
s
uppor
ts
the
late
s
t
ve
r
s
ions
of
Google
C
hr
o
me,
S
a
f
a
r
i,
I
nter
ne
t
E
xplor
e
r
,
F
ir
e
f
ox
a
nd
Ope
r
a
.
3.
2.
B
ac
k
-
e
n
d
d
e
ve
lop
m
e
n
t
T
he
ba
c
k
-
e
nd
of
a
we
b
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on,
i.
e
.
the
s
e
r
ve
r
-
s
ide,
ha
ndles
the
f
unc
ti
ona
li
ty
a
nd
bus
ines
s
logi
c
of
the
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on.
B
a
c
k
-
e
nd
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
is
a
ls
o
r
e
s
pons
ibl
e
f
or
the
s
pe
e
d
opti
mi
s
a
ti
on
of
the
a
p
pli
c
a
ti
on.
T
he
s
e
r
ve
r
-
s
ide
f
e
tche
s
da
ta
f
r
om
the
da
taba
s
e
a
s
r
e
que
s
ted
f
r
om
the
c
li
e
nt
s
ide.
I
t
r
uns
us
ing
s
e
r
ve
r
-
s
ide
langua
ge
s
s
uc
h
a
s
hype
r
text
pr
e
-
pr
oc
e
s
s
or
(
P
HP)
,
R
uby,
P
ython,
Node
.
js
,
e
tc.
T
he
ba
c
k
-
e
nd
f
r
a
mew
or
k
us
e
d
f
or
thi
s
p
r
ojec
t
is
Node
.
js
.
Node
.
js
is
a
J
a
va
S
c
r
ipt
r
unti
me
buil
t
on
C
hr
ome’
s
V8
J
a
va
S
c
r
ipt
e
ngine.
I
t
is
e
s
s
e
nti
a
ll
y
J
a
va
S
c
r
ipt
r
unning
on
a
s
e
r
ve
r
.
I
t
us
e
s
a
n
e
ve
nt
-
dr
iven,
non
-
blocking
I
/O
model.
T
his
make
s
N
ode
.
js
a
pps
e
xtr
e
mely
f
a
s
t
a
nd
e
f
f
icie
nt.
3.
3.
Dat
ab
as
e
A
da
taba
s
e
is
a
s
tr
uc
tur
e
d
c
oll
e
c
ti
on
of
r
e
late
d
d
a
ta.
M
ongoDB
wa
s
us
e
d
in
thi
s
pr
ojec
t
a
nd
it
is
a
NoSQL
da
taba
s
e
.
NoSQL
s
tands
f
or
“
NO
T
O
NL
Y
S
tr
uc
tur
e
d
Que
r
y
L
a
ngua
ge
”
.
I
t
is
a
non
-
r
e
lational
da
taba
s
e
i.
e
.
it
doe
s
not
make
us
e
o
f
table
s
.
T
he
s
e
da
taba
s
e
s
wor
k
we
ll
with
big
da
ta
a
nd
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me
w
e
b
a
pps
.
Adva
ntage
s
of
NoSQL
ove
r
R
e
lational
Da
taba
s
e
M
a
na
ge
ment
S
ys
tem
(
R
DB
M
S
)
include
it
s
s
c
a
labil
it
y
a
nd
it
s
a
bil
it
y
to
ha
ndle
uns
tr
uc
tur
e
d
da
ta.
M
ongoDB
is
a
do
c
ument
da
taba
s
e
a
nd
is
us
e
d
in
thi
s
wor
k
with
a
n
objec
t
r
e
lational
mappe
r
(
OR
M
)
,
M
ongoos
e
.
I
n
or
de
r
t
o
unde
r
s
tand
the
s
ys
tem’
s
f
unc
ti
ona
li
ty
,
F
igur
e
2
give
s
a
s
im
pli
f
ied
f
lowc
ha
r
t
of
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
s
tage
s
in
the
r
e
pos
it
or
y
platf
or
m
whic
h
a
r
e
s
ign
up
pr
oc
e
s
s
,
logi
n
pr
o
c
e
s
s
,
a
nd
upload
pr
oc
e
s
s
.
Unif
ied
mo
de
ll
ing
langua
ge
(
UM
L
)
whic
h
c
ompr
is
e
s
us
e
c
a
s
e
,
a
c
ti
vit
y,
e
tc.
is
o
f
te
n
us
e
d
to
de
s
c
r
ibe
the
s
ys
tem.
Us
e
c
a
s
e
di
a
gr
a
m:
i
n
s
of
twa
r
e
e
nginee
r
ing,
a
us
e
c
a
s
e
is
a
li
s
t
of
e
ve
nt
s
teps
that
de
f
ine
the
int
e
r
a
c
ti
ons
be
twe
e
n
a
n
a
c
tor
a
nd
a
s
ys
tem,
in
o
r
de
r
to
a
c
hieve
a
c
e
r
tain
goa
l
.
A
us
e
c
a
s
e
diagr
a
m
,
t
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
is
a
gr
a
phica
l
r
e
pr
e
s
e
ntation
of
the
int
e
r
a
c
ti
on
whic
h
a
n
a
c
tor
ha
s
with
a
s
ys
tem.
An
a
c
tor
c
ould
e
it
he
r
be
a
pe
r
s
on,
or
ga
nis
a
ti
on,
a
nother
s
ys
tem
or
a
n
e
xter
na
l
s
ys
tem.
T
he
a
c
tor
s
to
be
de
f
ined
in
the
us
e
c
a
s
e
s
include
the
f
oll
owing:
-
T
he
s
tudents
;
-
T
he
a
dmi
nis
tr
a
tor
;
-
Authe
nti
c
a
ted
e
xter
na
l
us
e
r
s
;
a
nd
-
Non
-
a
uthentica
ted
e
xter
na
l
us
e
r
s
.
Ac
ti
vit
y
diagr
a
ms
:
t
he
a
c
ti
vi
ty
diagr
a
m
is
one
of
t
he
s
tanda
r
d
UM
L
diagr
a
ms
.
I
t
is
us
e
d
to
de
s
c
r
ibe
the
dyna
mi
c
a
s
pe
c
ts
of
the
s
ys
tem
a
nd
it
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nts
t
he
f
low
f
r
om
one
ope
r
a
ti
on
to
a
nother
.
T
he
a
c
ti
vit
y
diagr
a
m
is
howe
ve
r
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
f
r
om
the
f
low
c
ha
r
t
a
s
it
ha
s
a
ddit
ional
f
e
a
tur
e
s
s
uc
h
a
s
s
howing
not
jus
t
s
ingl
e
but
a
ls
o
the
pa
r
a
ll
e
l,
br
a
nc
he
d
a
nd
c
onc
ur
r
e
nt
f
lows
of
t
he
s
ys
tem.
T
he
y
a
ls
o
de
s
c
r
ibe
the
s
e
que
nc
e
of
a
c
ti
vit
ies
.
T
he
e
leme
nts
of
a
n
a
c
ti
vit
y
diag
r
a
m
include
th
e
f
ol
lowing:
-
T
he
a
c
ti
on;
-
T
he
s
tar
t
node
;
-
T
he
e
nd
node
;
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
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6930
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E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
2020
:
156
-
165
160
-
T
he
c
ontr
ol
f
lows
;
a
nd
-
De
c
is
ion
node
.
T
he
a
c
ti
vit
y
diag
r
a
ms
a
r
e
pr
ovided
in
F
igur
e
3
.
S
ys
tem
s
pe
c
if
ica
ti
ons
:
T
he
pr
opos
e
d
s
ys
tem
wou
ld
be
de
ployed
to
the
c
loud
via
a
c
loud
-
hos
ti
ng
s
e
r
vice
known
a
s
H
e
r
oku
.
He
r
oku
is
a
n
a
ppli
c
a
ti
o
n
-
or
iente
d
a
r
c
hit
e
c
tur
e
that
e
ns
ur
e
s
s
ys
tem
a
va
il
a
b
il
it
y.
I
t
is
a
s
of
twa
r
e
that
c
a
n
be
a
c
c
e
s
s
e
d
a
s
a
we
b
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
by
a
ny
br
ows
e
r
-
e
na
bled
de
vice
.
E
xa
mpl
e
s
of
b
r
ows
e
r
s
that
c
a
n
be
us
e
d
to
a
c
c
e
s
s
thi
s
s
e
r
vice
include
but
a
r
e
not
li
mi
ted
to
M
oz
il
la
F
ir
e
f
ox
,
Google
C
hr
ome,
Apple
’
s
S
a
f
a
r
i,
a
nd
Ope
r
a
M
ini
.
F
igur
e
2.
S
im
pl
if
ied
f
low
c
ha
r
t
f
or
the
r
e
pos
it
or
y
p
latf
or
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
De
v
e
lopme
nt
of
a
r
e
s
e
ar
c
h
pr
ojec
t
r
e
po
s
it
or
y
(
Some
fun
T
.
E
.
)
161
F
igur
e
3.
Ac
ti
vit
y
diagr
a
m
F
unc
ti
ona
l
R
e
quir
e
ments
:
T
he
f
unc
ti
ona
l
r
e
quir
e
ments
of
a
s
ys
tem
r
e
f
e
r
to
the
be
ha
viour
o
r
f
unc
ti
ona
li
ty
of
the
s
ys
tem.
I
n
other
wo
r
ds
,
how
the
s
ys
tem
would
wor
k.
I
t
e
xplains
the
s
e
r
vice
of
f
e
r
e
d
by
the
s
ys
tem
to
the
us
e
r
whic
h
include
f
oll
owing
:
-
T
he
a
dmi
ns
mus
t
be
a
ble
to
log
in
wi
th
their
C
ove
na
nt
Unive
r
s
it
y
e
mail
a
nd
pa
s
s
wor
d;
-
T
he
a
dmi
ns
mus
t
be
a
ble
to
mana
ge
the
s
tudents
a
nd
their
in
f
or
mation;
-
T
he
a
dmi
ns
mus
t
be
a
ble
to
mana
ge
the
c
lus
ter
s
;
-
T
he
a
dmi
ns
mus
t
be
a
ble
to
mana
ge
the
upload
of
pr
ojec
ts
;
-
T
he
a
dmi
ns
mus
t
be
a
ble
to
s
e
a
r
c
h
f
o
r
p
r
ojec
ts
;
-
T
he
a
dmi
ns
mus
t
be
a
ble
to
mana
ge
the
lea
r
ning
r
e
s
our
c
e
s
a
va
il
a
ble
f
or
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
methodology;
-
T
he
s
tudents
mus
t
be
a
ble
to
log
in
with
their
C
ove
na
nt
Unive
r
s
it
y
e
mail
a
nd
pa
s
s
wor
d;
-
T
he
s
tudents
mus
t
be
a
ble
to
view
the
p
r
ojec
ts
of
o
the
r
s
;
-
T
he
s
tudents
mus
t
be
a
ble
to
upload
thei
r
own
p
r
oj
e
c
ts
;
-
T
he
s
tudents
mus
t
be
a
ble
to
view
,
joi
n
a
nd
c
r
e
a
te
c
lus
ter
s
;
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
2020
:
156
-
165
162
-
T
he
s
tudents
mus
t
be
a
ble
to
s
e
a
r
c
h
f
or
pr
ojec
ts
;
-
T
he
a
uthentica
ted
e
xter
na
l
us
e
r
s
s
uc
h
a
s
or
ga
nis
a
ti
ons
that
a
r
e
g
r
a
nted
a
c
c
e
s
s
mus
t
b
e
a
ble
to
logi
n
with
the
OT
P
p
r
ovided;
-
T
he
a
uthentica
ted
e
xter
na
l
us
e
r
s
mus
t
be
a
ble
to
vi
e
w
the
ti
tl
e
s
,
a
bs
tr
a
c
t
a
nd
r
e
por
ts
o
f
the
pr
ojec
ts
;
-
T
he
a
uthentica
ted
e
xter
na
l
us
e
r
s
mus
t
be
a
ble
to
s
e
a
r
c
h
f
or
pr
ojec
ts
;
-
T
he
a
uthentica
ted
e
xter
na
l
us
e
r
s
mus
t
be
a
b
le
to
vi
e
w
c
lus
ter
s
;
-
T
he
a
uthentica
ted
e
xter
na
l
us
e
r
s
mus
t
be
a
ble
to
vi
e
w
the
c
ontac
t
de
tails
of
the
a
uthor
s
;
-
Non
-
a
uthentica
ted
us
e
r
s
mus
t
be
a
ble
to
view
the
t
it
les
a
nd
a
bs
tr
a
c
ts
of
pr
ojec
ts
;
-
Non
-
a
uthentica
ted
us
e
r
s
mus
t
be
a
ble
to
view
c
lus
ter
s
;
-
Non
-
a
ut
he
nti
c
a
ted
us
e
r
s
mus
t
be
a
ble
to
view
the
n
a
mes
of
the
a
uthor
s
;
-
Non
-
a
uthentica
ted
us
e
r
s
mus
t
be
a
ble
to
s
e
a
r
c
h
f
or
pr
ojec
ts
;
a
nd
-
All
us
e
r
s
mus
t
be
a
ble
to
logout
a
nd
e
nd
their
s
e
s
s
i
ons
.
Non
-
f
unc
ti
ona
l
R
e
quir
e
ments
:
T
he
non
-
f
unc
ti
ona
l
r
e
quir
e
ments
o
f
the
s
ys
tem
r
e
f
e
r
to
the
qua
li
ti
e
s
that
a
r
e
not
f
unc
ti
ona
l
ye
t
to
e
va
luate
s
ys
tem
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
.
T
he
y
a
r
e
im
pli
c
it
e
xpe
c
tations
f
r
om
the
s
ys
tem
a
nd
s
o
a
r
e
not
s
pe
c
if
ica
ll
y
doc
umente
d.
T
he
y
c
a
n
a
ls
o
be
r
e
f
e
r
r
e
d
to
a
s
a
tt
r
ibut
e
s
.
T
he
non
-
f
unc
ti
o
na
l
r
e
q
uir
e
ments
of
the
p
r
opos
e
d
s
ys
tem
include
the
f
oll
owing:
-
T
he
a
uthor
s
mus
t
be
a
ble
to
ge
t
r
e
gis
ter
e
d
on
the
s
ys
tem;
-
T
his
s
ys
tem
s
hould
be
a
ble
to
gr
a
nt
outs
tanding
s
t
ude
nts
vis
ibi
li
ty;
-
T
he
us
e
r
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
s
hould
be
e
a
s
y
to
na
vigate
;
-
All
us
e
r
s
s
hould
be
a
ble
to
view
c
ontent
ba
s
e
d
on
t
he
ir
leve
l
of
r
igh
ts
a
nd
pr
ivi
lege
s
;
-
T
he
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
s
ha
ll
ha
ve
a
quick
loading/
r
e
s
pons
e
ti
me;
a
nd
-
T
he
a
uthentica
ted
e
xter
na
l
us
e
r
s
mus
t
be
a
ble
to
c
ontac
t
the
a
uthor
of
the
p
r
ojec
t
if
int
e
r
e
s
ted
in
the
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
wor
k.
4.
RE
S
UL
T
AN
D
DI
S
CU
S
S
I
ON
Va
r
ious
s
e
c
ti
ons
of
thi
s
wor
k
ha
ve
be
e
n
take
n
thr
ough
a
nu
mber
o
f
tes
ts
in
o
r
de
r
to
ve
r
if
y
the
f
unc
ti
ona
li
ty
of
the
s
ys
tem
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on.
I
t
a
ls
o
c
he
c
ks
the
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
o
f
the
s
ys
tem
a
ga
ins
t
the
f
unc
ti
ona
l
a
nd
non
-
f
unc
ti
ona
l
r
e
quir
e
me
nts
in
or
de
r
to
dis
c
ove
r
li
mi
tations
a
nd
to
a
s
c
e
r
tain
that
the
s
ys
tem
mee
ts
s
pe
c
if
ied
r
e
quir
e
ments
.
F
igu
r
e
s
2
to
5
give
the
picto
r
ial
r
e
pr
e
s
e
ntations
of
the
s
ys
tem
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
.
F
igur
e
2
dis
plays
the
home
pa
ge
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
whe
r
e
the
us
e
r
c
a
n
e
a
s
il
y
c
a
r
r
y
out
th
e
f
o
ll
owing
tas
k:
ge
t
to
know
mo
r
e
a
bout
the
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
th
r
ough
ge
t
s
tar
ted
li
nk
;
c
ontac
t
th
e
a
dmi
n
via
c
ontac
t
us
li
nk;
a
nd
logi
n
to
his
or
he
r
pa
ge
via
logi
n
li
nk.
How
e
ve
r
,
with
a
c
li
c
k
on
the
logi
n
but
t
on
a
t
the
s
ys
tem
home
pa
ge
,
the
dialog
box
will
a
ppe
a
r
a
s
s
hown
in
F
igu
r
e
3
.
A
us
e
r
who
is
a
bona
f
ide
me
mber
of
C
ove
na
nt
Unive
r
s
it
y
will
s
im
ply
s
upply
his
or
he
r
de
tails
e
a
s
il
y
logi
n
to
the
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
r
e
pos
it
or
y
ne
t
wor
k.
B
ut
a
n
outs
ide
f
r
om
a
nother
Unive
r
s
it
y
wil
l
c
li
c
k
on
C
r
e
a
te
ne
w
a
c
c
ount
bu
tt
on
to
r
e
g
is
ter
f
ir
s
t
be
f
or
e
logi
n
a
c
c
e
s
s
would
be
gr
a
nted.
F
igur
e
4
dis
plays
the
us
e
r
home
pa
ge
(
in
thi
s
c
a
s
e
,
c
ha
r
lot
te
is
the
us
e
r
)
,
w
he
r
e
s
he
c
a
n
e
a
s
il
y
upload
he
r
pr
ojec
t
wor
k
a
nd
other
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
wor
ks
.
F
igur
e
5
dis
plays
the
upload
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
a
f
ter
upload
butt
on
ha
s
be
e
n
c
li
c
ke
d.
F
ig
ur
e
2
.
S
ys
tem
home
pa
g
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
De
v
e
lopme
nt
of
a
r
e
s
e
ar
c
h
pr
ojec
t
r
e
po
s
it
or
y
(
Some
fun
T
.
E
.
)
163
F
igur
e
3
.
S
ign
-
up
pa
ge
F
ig
ur
e
4
.
Us
e
r
home
pa
ge
F
ig
ur
e
5
.
Uploa
d
pa
ge
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
2020
:
156
-
165
164
5.
CONC
L
USI
ON
T
his
wor
k
is
a
im
e
d
a
t
pr
omo
ti
ng
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
mong
u
nde
r
gr
a
dua
te
s
tudents
by
givi
ng
them
e
a
s
y
a
c
c
e
s
s
to
f
inal
ye
a
r
pr
ojec
ts
a
nd
othe
r
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
pr
ojec
ts
w
or
ke
d
on
by
their
pe
e
r
s
.
An
oppo
r
tuni
ty
f
or
c
oll
a
bor
a
ti
on
is
a
ls
o
c
r
e
a
ted
on
thi
s
plat
f
or
m
.
Ge
ne
r
a
ll
y,
the
s
of
twa
r
e
c
a
n
pe
r
f
or
m
the
f
oll
owing
tas
ks
:
(
1)
dis
play
f
i
na
l
ye
a
r
pr
ojec
ts
of
pa
s
t
s
tudents
;
(
2)
dis
play
s
t
ude
nts
’
pe
r
s
ona
l
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
wor
k;
(
3)
pr
ovide
a
plat
f
or
m
f
or
c
ol
l
a
bor
a
ti
on
a
mongs
t
s
tudents
;
a
nd
(
4)
p
r
ovide
a
ddit
ional
lea
r
ning
mate
r
ials
f
o
r
s
tudents
int
e
r
e
s
ted
in
bu
il
d
ing
their
s
c
holar
ly
a
bil
it
ies
.
F
ur
the
r
wor
k
c
a
n
be
c
a
r
r
ied
out
to
im
p
r
ove
on
t
his
wor
k
in
the
f
o
ll
owing
a
r
e
a
s
:
(
1
)
s
ys
tem
s
e
c
ur
it
y;
(
2)
pr
otec
ti
on
of
in
tellec
tual
r
ight
s
of
t
he
a
uthor
s
;
a
nd
(
3)
plagia
r
is
m
c
he
c
k
pa
s
s
be
f
or
e
upload
is
a
ll
owe
d.
AC
KNOWL
E
DGE
M
E
NT
S
T
he
a
uthor
s
would
li
ke
to
e
xp
r
e
s
s
s
pe
c
ial
thanks
a
nd
gr
a
ti
tude
to
C
ove
na
nt
Unive
r
s
it
y
f
or
he
r
s
uppor
t.
RE
F
E
RE
NC
E
S
[1
]
F.
Mo
rei
ra,
M.
J
.
Ferrei
ra,
C.
P.
Sa
n
t
o
s
,
a
n
d
N
.
D
u
rão
,
"
E
v
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
an
d
u
s
e
o
f
m
o
b
i
l
e
d
ev
i
ces
i
n
h
i
g
h
er
e
d
u
ca
t
i
o
n
:
A
cas
e
s
t
u
d
y
i
n
Po
rt
u
g
u
es
e
H
i
g
h
er
E
d
u
cat
i
o
n
In
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s
b
e
t
w
ee
n
2
0
0
9
/
2
0
1
0
an
d
2
0
1
4
/
2
0
1
5
,
"
Tel
em
a
t
i
cs
a
n
d
In
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
3
4
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
8
3
8
-
8
5
2
,
Sep
t
2
0
1
7
.
[2
]
A
.
O
.
A
d
ew
u
m
i
,
"
D
ep
l
o
y
me
n
t
an
d
u
s
a
b
i
l
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t
y
ev
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
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f
mo
b
i
l
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acces
s
t
o
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
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o
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al
rep
o
s
i
t
o
ry
,
"
Co
v
e
n
an
t
U
n
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
,
2
0
1
2
.
[3
]
I.
Prat
o
mo
,
N
.
A
s
ri
a
d
i
,
an
d
A
.
A
ffa
n
d
i
,
"
Imp
l
emen
t
i
n
g
O
L
SR
an
d
W
i
re
l
es
s
V
o
IP
as
L
ow
-
C
o
s
t
In
fras
t
ru
c
t
u
r
e
T
el
e
p
h
o
n
y
fo
r
R
u
ral
A
rea,
"
TE
LKO
M
NIKA
Te
l
ec
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Co
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
E
l
ect
r
o
n
i
c
s
a
n
d
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
,
v
o
l
.
1
4
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
5
6
3
-
5
7
3
,
2
0
1
6
.
[4
]
I.
K
.
Pu
t
r
i
,
D
.
L
i
a
n
g
,
S.
H
.
Pramo
n
o
,
an
d
R.
Ra
h
mad
w
at
i
,
"
O
p
t
i
mi
ze
d
A
ct
i
v
e
L
earn
i
n
g
f
o
r
U
s
er’s
Be
h
av
i
o
r
Mo
d
el
l
i
n
g
b
as
e
d
o
n
N
o
n
-
I
n
t
r
u
s
i
v
e
Smart
p
h
o
n
e,
"
In
t
er
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
l
ec
t
r
i
ca
l
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
t
e
r
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
5
0
5
-
5
1
2
,
2
0
1
7
.
[5
]
A
.
H
i
d
a
y
at
an
d
V
.
G
.
U
t
o
mo
,
"
O
p
en
So
u
rce
Bas
ed
M
-
L
earn
i
n
g
A
p
p
l
i
c
at
i
o
n
fo
r
Su
p
p
o
rt
i
n
g
D
i
s
t
a
n
ce
L
earn
i
n
g
,
"
TE
LK
O
M
NIK
A
Tel
ec
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Co
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
E
l
ec
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
a
n
d
Co
n
t
r
o
l
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
6
5
7
-
6
6
4
,
2
0
1
4
.
[6
]
S.
K
ari
mi
,
"
D
o
l
earn
ers
’
ch
arac
t
eri
s
t
i
cs
mat
t
er?
A
n
ex
p
l
o
rat
i
o
n
o
f
mo
b
i
l
e
-
l
earn
i
n
g
ad
o
p
t
i
o
n
i
n
s
el
f
-
d
i
rec
t
ed
l
ear
n
i
n
g
,
"
Co
m
p
u
t
er
s
i
n
H
u
m
a
n
B
eh
a
vi
o
r
,
v
o
l
.
6
3
,
p
p
.
7
6
9
-
7
7
6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[7
]
K
.
A
l
s
aad
a
t
,
"
Mo
b
i
l
e
l
ear
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
u
n
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
t
each
i
n
g
,
"
In
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
r
en
ce
o
n
E
d
u
ca
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
New
Le
a
r
n
i
n
g
Tech
n
o
l
o
g
i
es
(E
D
U
L
E
A
R
N0
9
)
,
2
0
0
9
.
[8
]
D
.
J
.
K
eeg
a
n
,
"
O
n
d
efi
n
i
n
g
d
i
s
t
a
n
ce
ed
u
cat
i
o
n
,
"
D
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
ed
u
ca
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
3
-
3
6
,
1
9
8
0
.
[9
]
B.
H
o
l
m
b
erg
,
H
.
Bern
a
t
h
,
an
d
F.
W
.
Bu
s
c
h
,
"
T
h
e
e
v
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
,
p
r
i
n
c
i
p
l
es
an
d
p
rac
t
i
ce
s
o
f
d
i
s
t
an
ce
e
d
u
ca
t
i
o
n
,"
BIS
-
V
erl
a
g
d
er
Carl
v
o
n
O
s
s
i
e
t
zk
y
U
n
i
v
er
s
i
t
ät
O
l
d
en
b
u
rg
,
2
0
0
5
.
[1
0
]
A
.
T
ai
t
,
"
G
u
es
t
ed
i
t
o
ri
a
l
-
Refl
ec
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
u
p
p
o
rt
i
n
o
p
e
n
an
d
d
i
s
t
an
c
e
l
ear
n
i
n
g
,
"
Th
e
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
R
evi
e
w
o
f
R
es
e
a
r
c
h
i
n
O
p
e
n
a
n
d
D
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
d
Lea
r
n
i
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
9
,
2
0
0
3
.
[1
1
]
Y
.
Ch
erra
d
i
,
"
Fat
i
ma
A
l
F
i
h
r
i
y
a,
F
o
u
n
d
er
o
f
T
h
e
O
l
d
es
t
U
n
i
v
ers
i
t
y
o
f
A
l
Q
u
arao
u
i
y
i
n
e,
"
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
M
ed
i
ca
l
a
n
d
S
u
r
g
i
ca
l
R
e
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e
a
r
c
h
,
v
o
l
.
2
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
0
8
-
2
0
9
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
2
]
A
.
T
.
Bat
es
,
"
T
ech
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
e
-
l
ear
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
d
i
s
t
an
ce
e
d
u
ca
t
i
o
n
,"
Ro
u
t
l
e
d
g
e,
2
0
0
5
.
[1
3
]
H
.
H
efl
i
n
,
J
.
Sh
e
w
mak
er,
a
n
d
J
.
N
g
u
y
en
,
"
Imp
ac
t
o
f
mo
b
i
l
e
t
ech
n
o
l
o
g
y
o
n
s
t
u
d
en
t
at
t
i
t
u
d
es
,
e
n
g
a
g
emen
t
,
an
d
l
earn
i
n
g
,
"
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m
p
u
t
e
r
s
&
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
7
,
p
p
.
9
1
-
9
9
,
n
o
.
4
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
4
]
I.
H
an
an
d
W
.
S.
Sh
i
n
,
"
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
mo
b
i
l
e
l
ear
n
i
n
g
man
ag
emen
t
s
y
s
t
em
an
d
acad
em
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c
ach
i
e
v
emen
t
o
f
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n
l
i
n
e
s
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u
d
e
n
t
s
,
"
Co
m
p
u
t
e
r
s
&
E
d
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c
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
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l
.
1
0
2
,
p
p
.
7
9
-
8
9
,
n
o
.
11
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
5
]
C.
J
.
D
o
l
d
,
"
Ret
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
Mo
b
i
l
e
L
earn
i
n
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i
n
L
i
g
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o
f
Cu
rren
t
T
h
e
o
ri
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s
an
d
St
u
d
i
es
,
"
Th
e
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
A
c
a
d
e
m
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c
Li
b
r
a
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p
,
v
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l
.
4
2
,
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o
.
6
,
p
p
.
6
7
9
-
6
8
6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
6
]
A
.
A
.
A
zet
a,
N
.
A
.
O
mo
reg
b
e,
S.
Mi
s
ra,
A
.
A
d
ew
u
mi
,
an
d
T
.
O
.
O
l
o
k
u
n
d
e,
"
A
d
ap
t
ed
Cl
o
u
d
l
et
fo
r
Mo
b
i
l
e
D
i
s
t
a
n
ce
L
earn
i
n
g
:
D
e
s
i
g
n
,
Pro
t
o
t
y
p
e
an
d
E
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
,
"
7
th
In
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
er
e
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ce
o
n
A
p
p
l
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ca
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
In
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
W
eb
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
es
,
ICA
D
IW
T
2
0
1
6
ICA
D
IW
T
,
p
p
.
2
2
0
-
2
2
8
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
7
]
A
.
A
.
A
zet
a,
O
.
M.
O
y
el
am
i
,
an
d
O
.
D
aram
o
l
a,
"
A
n
a
rch
i
t
ect
u
ral
framew
o
rk
f
o
r
co
l
l
ab
o
rat
i
o
n
o
f
h
e
t
ero
g
en
e
o
u
s
co
mmu
n
i
ca
t
i
o
n
d
ev
i
ces
u
s
i
n
g
W
A
P
an
d
mo
b
i
l
e
d
e
v
i
ce
au
g
me
n
t
e
d
(MD
A
)
g
at
e
w
ay
i
n
t
e
g
rat
i
o
n
,
"
P
r
o
ce
ed
i
n
g
o
f
3
G
G
S
M
&
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.