T
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el
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l
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l
.
19
, N
o
.
5
,
O
ct
o
b
er
2021
, p
p
.
1673
~
1678
I
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S
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:
1693
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6930,
a
c
c
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kdi
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D
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c
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N
o:
21/
E
/
K
P
T
/
2018
D
O
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:
10.
12928/
T
E
L
K
O
M
N
I
K
A
.
v19i
5.
17681
1673
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a
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n
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uc
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ha
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2
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an
N
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gu
ye
n
3
,
N
gu
ye
n
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h
ai
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ao
4
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gu
ye
n
N
goc
D
i
e
m
5
,
N
g
uy
e
n D
uc
T
hi
nh
6
,
Mi
n
h
T
ra
n
7
1
F
a
c
ul
ty
of
Ele
c
tr
o
nic
s
Te
c
h
no
lo
gy,
I
n
du
str
ia
l
Un
ive
r
si
t
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of
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o
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hi
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i
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it
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i
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ie
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a
c
ul
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tom
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c
hn
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n
L
a
n
g
Un
ive
r
si
ty,
Ho
C
hi
M
i
nh
C
it
y,
Vie
tna
m
3
W
ir
e
le
s
s C
om
m
u
nic
a
ti
on
s
R
e
se
a
r
c
h
G
r
oup
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
of
Ele
c
tr
ic
a
l
a
nd Ele
c
tr
o
nic
s
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g,
To
n
Duc
Tha
ng
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
y,
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hi M
i
nh C
it
y,
Vie
tna
m
4,
5,
6
F
a
c
ul
ty
of
Ele
c
tr
ic
a
l
a
nd Ele
c
tr
o
nic
s
E
ng
ine
e
r
in
g,
To
n
Duc
Tha
ng
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
y,
Ho C
hi M
i
nh C
it
y,
Vie
tna
m
7
Opt
oe
le
c
tr
on
ic
s
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
G
r
o
up
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
of
Ele
c
tr
ic
a
l
a
nd
E
le
c
tr
on
ic
s
En
gi
ne
e
r
i
ng,
T
on
D
uc
T
ha
n
g
Un
iv
e
r
s
it
y,
Ho C
h
i M
in
h C
i
ty,
Vi
e
tn
a
m
A
rt
i
cl
e I
n
f
o
AB
S
T
RACT
A
r
tic
le
h
is
to
r
y
:
R
ecei
v
ed
A
ug 18,
2020
R
ev
i
s
ed
J
ul
14,
2021
A
ccep
t
ed
A
ug 3,
2021
I
n thi
s pa
pe
r
,
we
pr
o
po
se
d a
n
d in
ve
s
ti
ga
te
d the
a
m
pl
if
ie
r
-
a
nd
-
f
or
wa
r
d
(
AF
)
tim
e
sw
itc
hi
ng
r
e
la
yi
ng ha
lf
-
du
ple
x wi
th im
pa
c
t
t
he
e
a
ve
s
dr
o
ppe
r
.
I
n
t
hi
s
sys
te
m
m
ode
l,
the
s
our
c
e
(
S
)
a
nd t
he
de
s
ti
na
t
io
n (
D)
c
om
m
uni
c
a
te
w
it
h e
a
c
h
oth
e
r
via
a
he
lp
in
g of
the
r
e
la
y
(
R
)
in the
pr
e
se
nc
e
of
the
e
a
ve
sdr
op
pe
r
(
E)
.
The
R
ha
r
ve
s
ts e
ne
r
gy f
r
om
th
e
S
a
nd u
se
s
th
is e
n
e
r
gy f
or
inf
or
m
a
t
io
n
tr
a
n
sf
e
r
r
i
ng t
o the
D.
F
or
de
r
i
vi
ng t
he
sy
ste
m
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
,
the
l
owe
r
a
n
d
upp
e
r
bo
un
d sy
ste
m
i
nte
r
c
e
pt
pr
o
ba
b
il
it
y (
I
P
)
is pr
o
po
s
e
d a
nd de
m
o
n
str
a
te
d.
F
ur
th
e
r
m
or
e
,
t
he
M
on
te
C
a
r
lo
sim
ula
ti
on i
s pr
ov
ide
d to j
ust
if
y
the
c
or
r
e
c
t
ne
s
s
of
the
m
a
t
he
m
a
t
ic
a
l,
a
na
l
yt
ic
a
l e
xpr
e
ss
io
n of
the
l
owe
r
a
nd up
pe
r
bo
un
d I
P
.
The
r
e
su
lt
s s
ho
w t
ha
t
t
he
a
na
ly
tic
a
l a
n
d
the
sim
ula
ti
on c
ur
ve
s a
r
e
t
he
s
a
m
e
i
n
c
on
ne
c
t
io
n w
i
th the
pr
im
a
r
y sy
ste
m
pa
r
a
m
e
te
r
s.
Ke
y
wo
r
d
s
:
E
ne
r
gy ha
r
ve
s
t
i
ng
H
al
f
-
dupl
e
x
O
ut
a
ge
pr
oba
bi
l
i
t
y
T
wo
-
w
ay
T
his
is
a
n
o
pe
n
ac
c
e
s
s
ar
tic
le
u
nde
r
the
CC
B
Y
-
SA
lic
e
n
se
.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
di
n
g A
u
t
h
or
:
V
an
-
D
u
c P
h
an
F
a
c
ul
t
y of
A
ut
om
ob
i
l
e
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
V
a
n L
a
ng U
ni
ve
r
s
i
t
y
H
o C
hi
M
i
nh C
i
t
y,
V
i
e
t
na
m
E
ma
il:
duc
.
pv@
vl
u.
e
du.
vn
1.
I
NT
RO
DUC
T
I
O
N
N
ow
a
da
ys
,
w
i
r
e
l
e
s
s
pow
e
r
e
d c
om
m
uni
c
a
t
i
on ne
t
w
or
k (
W
P
C
N
)
i
s
t
he
be
s
t
s
ol
ut
i
on f
or
ove
r
c
om
i
ng
e
ne
r
gy ha
r
ve
s
t
i
ng l
i
m
i
t
a
t
i
ons
i
n
w
i
r
el
es
s
‐
p
o
w
er
ed
co
m
m
u
n
i
cat
i
o
n
w
i
t
h t
he
c
ons
i
de
r
a
bl
e
de
m
a
nd f
or
e
ne
r
gy i
n
en
er
g
y
-
c
ons
t
r
a
i
ne
d w
i
r
e
l
e
s
s
ne
t
w
or
ks
.
B
as
ed
o
n
t
h
e f
act
t
h
at
hum
a
n
-
m
a
de
r
a
di
o f
r
e
que
nc
y (
R
F
)
can
car
r
y
b
o
t
h
e
ne
r
gy a
nd i
n
f
or
m
a
t
i
on,
W
P
C
N
i
s
c
ons
i
de
r
e
d t
he
l
e
a
di
ng s
ol
ut
i
on a
t
our
t
i
m
e
[
1
]
-
[
6]
.
T
he
r
e
a
r
e
m
a
ny
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
s
f
oc
us
e
d on t
he
W
P
C
N
p
r
obl
e
m
i
n
t
he
c
om
m
uni
c
a
t
i
on ne
t
w
o
r
k.
R
i
i
hone
n
e
t a
l.
[
7]
,
t
he
a
ut
hor
s
pr
o
pos
e
d a
nd i
nve
s
t
i
ga
t
e
d t
he
out
a
ge
pr
oba
bi
l
i
t
y (
O
P
)
of
t
he
p
r
opos
e
d m
ode
l
s
ys
t
e
m
a
nd t
he
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
a
l
r
e
c
e
i
ve
r
f
or
e
ne
r
gy a
nd i
n
f
or
m
a
t
i
on t
r
a
ns
m
i
s
s
i
on a
nd i
t
s
a
dva
nt
a
ge
s
f
or
t
he
c
om
m
uni
c
a
t
i
on ne
t
w
or
k i
s
i
nve
s
t
i
ga
t
e
d
i
n [
8]
.
T
he
n [
9
]
pr
e
s
e
nt
e
d a
nd de
m
ons
t
r
a
t
e
d
t
he
pr
a
c
t
i
c
a
l
e
ne
r
gy ha
r
ve
s
t
i
ng m
ode
l
f
or
t
he
c
om
m
u
ni
c
a
t
i
on
ne
t
w
or
k.
G
opa
l
a
e
t
a
l.
[
10]
s
t
udi
e
d t
he
c
ont
i
nuou
s
e
ne
r
gy a
nd pow
e
r
t
r
a
ns
m
i
s
s
i
on i
n t
he
c
ogni
t
i
ve
r
e
l
a
yi
ng
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
1693
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6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
el
eco
m
m
u
n
C
om
put
E
l
C
ont
r
o
l
,
Vo
l
.
19
, N
o
.
5
,
O
c
t
obe
r
2021:
1673
-
1678
1674
c
om
m
uni
c
a
t
i
on ne
t
w
or
k.
I
n a
not
he
r
ha
nd
,
t
he
t
i
m
e
s
w
i
t
c
hi
ng (
T
S
)
a
nd t
he
pow
e
r
s
pl
i
t
t
i
ng
(
P
S
)
p
r
ot
oc
ol
s
i
n t
he
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
t
ype
of
t
he
c
om
m
uni
c
a
t
i
on
ne
t
w
or
k i
s
p
r
o
pos
e
d a
nd s
t
udi
e
d i
n [
11
]
-
[
15]
.
T
h
e
ma
in
id
e
a
o
f
th
is
p
a
p
e
r
is
in
v
e
s
tig
a
tin
g
t
h
e
a
mp
lif
ie
r
-
an
d
-
fo
rw
a
rd
(A
F
)
ti
me
s
w
itc
h
in
g
r
e
la
y
in
g
h
al
f
-
dupl
e
x w
i
t
h
t
h
e
i
m
p
act
of
t
he
e
a
ve
s
dr
oppe
r
.
I
n
th
is
s
y
s
te
m mo
d
e
l,
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
(
S
)
an
d
t
h
e
de
s
t
i
na
t
i
on
(
D
)
c
om
m
uni
c
a
t
e
w
i
t
h e
a
c
h ot
he
r
vi
a
a
he
l
pi
ng
of
t
he
r
el
ay
(
R
)
i
n t
he
pr
e
s
e
nc
e
of
t
he
e
a
ve
s
dr
oppe
r
(
E)
.
Th
e
R
ha
r
ve
s
t
s
e
ne
r
gy f
r
om
t
he
S
a
nd us
e
s
t
hi
s
e
ne
r
gy f
or
i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on
t
r
a
ns
f
e
r
r
i
ng t
o
t
he
D
.
F
o
r
d
e
r
i
vi
ng t
h
e
s
ys
t
e
m
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
,
t
he
l
ow
e
r
a
nd uppe
r
bound
s
ys
t
e
m
in
te
r
c
e
p
t p
r
o
b
a
b
ility
(
IP
)
is
pr
opos
e
d a
nd
de
m
o
ns
t
r
a
t
e
d.
F
u
r
th
e
r
mo
r
e
,
th
e
M
o
n
te
C
a
r
lo
s
imu
la
tio
n
is
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
to
ju
s
tif
y
th
e
c
o
r
r
e
c
tn
e
s
s
o
f
th
e
ma
th
e
ma
tic
a
l
,
a
n
al
y
t
i
cal
e
xpr
e
s
s
i
on of
t
he
l
ow
e
r
a
nd
uppe
r
bound
I
P
.
T
he
r
e
s
ul
t
s
s
how
t
ha
t
t
he
a
na
l
yt
i
c
a
l
a
nd
t
he
s
i
m
ul
a
t
i
on
c
ur
ve
s
a
r
e
th
e
s
a
me
in
c
o
n
n
e
c
tio
n
w
ith
th
e
p
r
i
ma
r
y
s
y
s
te
m p
a
r
a
me
te
r
s
.
2.
S
Y
S
TEM
M
O
D
EL
T
he
s
ys
t
e
m
m
ode
l
w
i
t
h one
d
e
s
tin
a
tio
n
,
one
r
el
ay
,
one
s
our
c
e
,
a
nd one
e
a
ve
s
dr
oppe
r
is
illu
s
tr
a
te
d
in
F
i
gur
e
1
.
T
h
e
time
s
w
itc
h
in
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
l w
ith
th
e
e
ne
r
gy ha
r
ve
s
t
i
ng (
E
H
)
a
nd I
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
on t
r
a
ns
m
i
s
s
i
on (
I
T
)
p
h
as
es
ar
e d
r
aw
n
in
F
ig
ur
e
2 [
16
]
-
[
20]
.
Fr
o
m
f
ig
u
re
s
,
t
h
e
E
H
a
nd I
T
c
a
n be
a
na
l
yz
e
d by t
he
be
l
ow
s
e
c
t
i
ons
.
2.
1.
EH
ph
a
s
e
D
ur
i
ng t
he
f
i
r
s
t
pha
s
e
,
t
he
r
e
c
e
i
ve
d s
i
gna
l
a
t
t
he
r
e
l
a
y c
a
n be
gi
ve
n by:
=
ℎ
+
(
1)
T
h
e av
er
ag
e t
r
an
s
m
i
t
s
p
o
w
er
at
t
h
e
r
el
ay
can
b
e o
b
t
ai
n
ed
as
:
=
ℎ
(
1
−
)
/
2
=
2
|
ℎ
|
2
(
1
−
)
=
|
ℎ
|
2
(
2)
F
i
gur
e
1.
S
ys
t
e
m
m
ode
l
F
ig
ur
e
2.
T
he
E
H
a
nd I
T
pha
s
e
s
2.
2.
IT
pha
s
e
I
n
t
h
e s
eco
n
d
p
h
as
e,
t
h
e
r
ecei
v
ed
s
i
g
n
al
at
t
h
e
r
el
a
y
can
a
l
s
o be
gi
ve
n by
;
r
SR
s
r
y
hx
n
=
+
(
3)
T
he
r
e
c
e
i
ve
d s
i
gna
l
a
t
t
he
e
a
ve
s
dr
oppe
r
i
n
t
he
t
hi
r
d t
i
m
e
s
l
o
t
can
b
e ex
p
r
es
s
ed
as
:
3
E
RE
r
E
y
hx
n
=
+
(
4)
I
n
th
is
mo
d
e
l,
w
e
c
o
n
s
id
e
r
a
mp
lif
ie
r
-
an
d
-
f
or
w
a
r
d (
A
F
)
p
r
ot
oc
ol
.
S
o,
a
f
t
e
r
r
e
c
e
i
ve
d t
he
s
i
gna
l
f
r
om
s
our
c
e
,
r
e
la
y
w
ill a
mp
li
f
y
th
a
t
s
ig
n
a
l b
y
f
a
c
to
r
β
t
o bo
t
h de
s
t
i
na
t
i
on a
nd e
a
ve
s
dr
oppe
r
a
s
w
e
l
l
.
β
can
b
e co
m
p
u
t
ed
as
:
2
0
rr
r
sr
s
xP
y
h
P
N
β
=
=
+
(
5)
S
ubs
t
i
t
ut
i
ng (
5)
i
nt
o
(
4)
a
nd c
om
bi
ne
w
i
t
h (
3
)
,
w
e
ha
ve
:
IT Phase
EH Phase
S
E
R
D
Wiretap
T
E
H
a
t
R
T
α
(1
)
T
/
2
α
−
I
T
S
R
→
I
T
R
D
→
(1
)
T
/
2
α
−
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
el
eco
m
m
u
n
C
om
put
E
l
C
ont
r
o
l
L
ow
e
r
and uppe
r
bound i
nt
e
r
c
e
pt
pr
obabi
l
i
t
y
anal
y
s
i
s
i
n
… (
P
hu T
r
an
T
i
n
)
1675
3
=
ℎ
+
=
ℎ
(
ℎ
+
)
+
=
ℎ
ℎ
+
ℎ
+
(
6)
F
r
om
(
6)
,
t
he
e
a
ve
s
dr
oppe
r
w
i
l
l
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ul
l
y de
c
o
de
t
he
s
i
gna
l
f
r
om
r
e
l
a
y w
i
t
h
a
gi
ve
n s
i
gna
l
t
o noi
s
e
r
a
t
i
o
(
S
N
R
)
a
s
f
ol
l
ow
i
ng:
1
=
|
|
2
{
|
|
2
}
=
|
ℎ
|
2
|
ℎ
|
2
2
|
ℎ
|
2
2
0
+
0
(
7)
A
f
t
e
r
doi
ng
s
om
e
a
l
ge
br
a
,
(
7)
c
a
n be
e
xpr
e
s
s
e
d by:
1
≈
|
ℎ
|
2
|
ℎ
|
2
|
ℎ
|
2
+
1
(
8)
w
h
er
e
=
0
N
e
xt
,
i
n
t
he
s
e
c
ond t
i
m
e
s
l
ot
,
t
he
e
a
ve
s
dr
oppe
r
a
l
s
o
ove
r
he
a
r
s
t
he
i
n
f
or
m
a
t
i
on
f
r
o
m
t
he
s
our
c
e
.
H
e
nc
e
,
t
h
e r
ecei
v
ed
s
i
g
n
al
at
E
can
b
e
g
i
v
en
as
:
2
=
ℎ
+
(
9)
F
r
om
(
9
)
,
E
c
a
n de
c
ode
t
he
s
i
gna
l
f
r
om
s
our
c
e
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
f
ol
l
ow
i
ng
S
N
R
:
2
=
|
ℎ
|
2
(
10)
A
t
t
he
e
a
ve
s
dr
oppe
r
,
i
t
w
i
l
l
e
m
pl
oy
t
he
m
a
xi
m
a
l
r
a
t
i
o c
om
bi
ni
ng (
M
R
C
)
di
ve
r
s
i
t
y t
e
c
hni
c
a
l
.
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
f
r
om
(8
) a
n
d
(
9
)
,
t
h
e
o
v
er
al
l
S
N
R
at
E
can
b
e cl
ai
m
ed
b
y
:
=
1
+
2
=
|
ℎ
|
2
|
ℎ
|
2
|
ℎ
|
2
+
1
+
|
ℎ
|
2
(
11)
3.
IP
ANAL
YS
I
S
3.
1.
E
xac
t
an
a
l
ys
i
s
T
he
I
P
c
a
n be
de
f
i
ne
d
by:
=
(
>
ℎ
)
(
12)
w
h
er
e
ℎ
i
s
t
he
t
hr
e
s
hol
d of
s
ys
t
e
m
.
S
ubs
t
i
t
ut
i
ng
(
11)
i
nt
o
(
12)
,
t
he
I
P
c
a
n be
r
e
w
r
i
t
t
e
n a
s
;
=
(
+
>
ℎ
)
=
1
−
(
+
≤
ℎ
)
=
1
−
∫
(
ℎ
−
|
=
)
ℎ
0
×
(
)
(
1
3)
w
h
er
e
=
|
ℎ
|
2
|
ℎ
|
2
|
ℎ
|
2
+
1
,
=
|
ℎ
|
2
.
N
e
x
t,
th
e
c
u
mu
la
tiv
e
di
s
t
r
i
but
i
on
f
unc
t
i
on
(
C
D
F
)
o
f
X
c
a
n be
c
om
put
e
d a
s
;
(
)
22
22
2
22
2
2
0
0
(
)
Pr
Pr
1
|
()
1
e
x
p
e
x
p
e
x
p
S
R
R
E
S
R
RE
X
SR
RE
RE
RE
hh
RE
SR
SR
RE
RE
hh
xx
Fx
x
h
hh
xx
F
h
a
f
a
da
h
xx
a
da
a
κ
κκ
κ
λλ
λλ
κ
∞
∞
Ψ
=
<
=
<+
Ψ
+Ψ
=
+=
×
Ψ
Ψ
=
−
−
−
×
−
ΨΨ
∫
∫
(
14)
A
nd a
f
t
e
r
s
ol
ve
t
he
i
nt
e
gr
a
l
,
t
he
C
D
F
i
n
(
14)
c
a
n
b
e
r
e
f
or
m
ul
a
t
e
d
by:
(
)
=
1
−
2
−
×
1
2
(
15)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
el
eco
m
m
u
n
C
om
put
E
l
C
ont
r
o
l
,
Vo
l
.
19
, N
o
.
5
,
O
c
t
obe
r
2021:
1673
-
1678
1676
T
h
e
C
DF
o
f
Y
c
a
n be
c
om
put
e
d a
s
(
1
6)
;
(
)
=
(
<
)
=
(
|
ℎ
|
2
<
)
=
|
ℎ
|
2
<
=
1
−
−
(
16)
w
h
er
e
SE
λ
i
s
t
h
e m
ean
o
f
R
V
2
SE
h
.
F
r
om
(
16
)
,
t
he
pr
oba
bi
l
i
t
y de
ns
i
t
y f
unc
t
i
on (
P
D
F
)
o
f
Y
c
a
n be
obt
a
i
ne
d a
s
;
(
)
(
)
e
x
p
Y
SE
SE
Y
Fy
y
fy
y
λλ
∂
=
=
−
∂Ψ
Ψ
(
17)
S
ubs
t
i
t
ut
i
ng (
15)
a
nd
(
17)
i
nt
o
(
13)
,
w
e
ha
ve
:
=
1
−
∫
1
−
2
−
(
ℎ
−
)
(
ℎ
−
)
×
1
2
(
ℎ
−
)
ℎ
0
×
−
(
18)
3.
2.
L
o
w
er a
n
d
uppe
r
bo
und
I
P
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
I
t
i
s
eas
y
t
o
o
b
s
er
v
e t
h
at
(
1
8
)
i
s
v
er
y
d
i
f
f
i
cu
l
t
t
o
cal
cu
l
at
e i
n
cl
o
s
ed
-
f
o
r
m.
H
e
n
c
e
,
in
th
is
s
e
c
tio
n
,
w
e
w
i
l
l
pe
r
f
o
r
m
t
he
I
P
of
s
ys
t
e
m
i
n
t
e
r
m
of
l
ow
e
r
a
nd
uppe
r
bound
f
or
m
.
W
e
ha
ve
t
he
f
ol
l
ow
i
ng
r
ul
e
:
(
)
2
mi
n
,
2
ma
x
(
,
)
XY
X
Y
XY
≤
+≤
(
19)
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
t
he
I
P
o
f
s
ys
t
e
m
i
n
l
ow
e
r
bound
f
or
m
c
a
n be
gi
ve
n by:
[
]
P
r
2
mi
n
(
,
)
P
r
mi
n
(
,
)
2
1
Pr
1
Pr
22
11
22
t
h
L
B
t
h
t
h
t
h
t
h
t
h
XY
I
P
XY
XY
XY
FF
γ
γ
γγ
γ
γ
=
>=
>
=
−
≤
−
≤
=
−−
(
20)
A
ppl
yi
ng t
he
r
e
s
ul
t
s
f
r
om
(
15)
a
nd
(
16)
,
(
20)
c
a
n b
e
c
l
a
i
m
e
d by (
21
)
.
[
]
1
2
2
e
x
p
22
t
h
t
h
S
R
R
E
t
h
S
R
R
E
L
B
SR
SE
IP
K
γ
γ
λλ
λ
λλ
λλ
κκ
=
−
+
×
Ψ
ΨΨ
(
21)
S
i
m
i
l
ar
as
ab
o
v
e,
t
h
e
uppe
r
bound
I
P
c
a
n be
e
xpr
e
s
s
e
d a
s
(
22)
:
[
]
1
P
r
2
ma
x
(
,
)
P
r
ma
x
(
,
)
2
1
22
2
1
1
2
e
x
p
1
e
x
p
2
2
2
t
h
U
B
t
h
t
h
t
h
XY
th
SR
th
SR
R
E
th
SR
R
E
th
SE
I
P
XY
XY
FF
K
γ
γ
γγ
γλ
γλ
λ
γλ
λ
γλ
κ
κ
=
>=
>
=
−
=
−−
−
×
−
−
ΨΨ
Ψ
Ψ
(
22)
4.
NUM
E
RI
C
AL
RE
S
UL
T
S
AND DI
S
CUS
S
I
O
N
T
he
m
ode
l
s
ys
t
e
m
's
s
ys
t
e
m
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
i
s
i
nv
e
s
t
i
ga
t
e
d us
i
ng t
he
M
ont
e
C
a
r
l
o s
i
m
ul
a
t
i
on
a
s
i
n
[
2
1
]
-
[
2
5
]
.
T
he
f
unc
t
i
on
of
t
he
s
ys
t
e
m
I
P
ve
r
s
us
ψ
f
or
t
h
r
e
e
c
a
s
e
s
w
i
t
h
e
xa
c
t
,
l
ow
e
r
,
a
nd
uppe
r
bond
a
na
l
ys
i
s
i
s
pr
ovi
de
d
i
n
F
i
g
ur
e
3
,
r
es
p
ect
i
v
el
y
.
I
n
F
i
g
ur
e
3
, w
e
s
et
t
h
e
m
ai
n
s
y
s
t
em
p
ar
am
et
er
s
as
γ
t
h
=
1
, ψ
=
1
d
B
,
a
n
d
η
=
1
i
n
t
r
ee cas
es
w
i
t
h
ex
act
an
al
y
s
i
s
,
u
p
p
e
r
an
d
l
o
w
er
b
o
n
d
an
al
y
s
i
s
.
A
s
d
r
aw
n
i
n
F
i
g
ur
e
3
,
w
e
can
s
ee t
h
at
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
em
I
P
o
f
t
h
r
ee cas
es
h
as
a m
as
s
i
v
e r
i
s
e w
i
t
h
v
a
r
yi
ng
of
ψ
f
r
om
-
4 t
o
14 dB
.
F
u
r
th
e
r
mo
r
e
,
th
e
s
y
s
te
m I
P
v
e
r
s
u
s
α
is
illu
s
tr
a
te
d
in
F
ig
ur
e
4
w
ith
th
e
p
r
ima
r
y
s
y
s
te
m
p
a
r
a
me
te
r
s
a
s
γ
t
h
=
1,
α
=
0.
85,
a
nd
η
=
1
.
W
he
n
α
i
n
cr
eas
es
f
r
o
m
0
t
o
1
,
t
h
e s
y
s
t
em
I
P
i
n
cr
eas
es
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
can
t
l
y
f
o
r
t
h
r
ee cas
es
w
i
t
h
ex
act
an
al
y
s
i
s
,
u
p
p
er
a
n
d
l
o
w
er
bond a
na
l
ys
i
s
,
a
s
d
r
a
w
n i
n F
i
g
ur
e
4.
F
r
om
t
he
r
e
s
ul
t
s
s
how
n i
n F
i
g
u
r
e
s
3
a
nd
4
,
w
e
c
a
n
s
ta
te
th
a
t th
e
s
i
mu
la
tio
n
cu
r
v
es
ar
e t
h
e s
am
e as
t
h
e an
al
y
t
i
cal
cu
r
v
es
f
o
r
t
h
r
e
e cas
es
w
i
t
h
ex
act
an
al
y
s
i
s
,
u
p
p
er
an
d
l
o
w
er
b
o
n
d
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
el
eco
m
m
u
n
C
om
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s
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g
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e
w
e
ll w
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th
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n
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ly
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s
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CO
NCL
US
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n t
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s
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pe
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M
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l
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s
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s
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l
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y
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te
r
s
.
R
EF
ER
EN
C
ES
[1
]
S
.
Bi
,
C.
K.
Ho
,
a
nd
R.
Z
ha
ng
,
“
Wir
e
le
s
s po
we
r
e
d c
om
m
uni
c
a
t
io
n: O
pp
or
t
un
it
ie
s a
n
d
c
ha
lle
nge
s
,
”
I
EEE C
om
mu
n.
M
ag
,
vo
l.
53
,
n
o.
4,
pp.
11
7
-
1
25
,
20
15,
do
i:
10.
11
09
/m
c
om
.
20
15.
7
08
10
84.
[2
]
D
.
Niya
to
,
D.
I.
Kim
,
M
.
Mas
o
,
a
nd Z
.
H
a
n
,
“
Wir
e
le
ss P
owe
r
e
d C
om
m
u
nic
a
ti
on Ne
tw
or
k
s: R
e
se
a
r
c
h Dir
e
c
ti
on
s a
nd
Te
c
h
no
lo
gic
a
l Appr
oa
c
he
s
,”
I
EE
E Wi
re
le
ss
C
om
mu
ni
c
at
io
ns
,
vol.
24,
no.
6,
pp.
2
-
11
,
20
17
,
doi
:
1
0.
11
09
/m
w
c
.
20
17.
16
00
11
6.
[3
]
H
.
Yu
,
H
.
Le
e
,
a
nd H.
J
e
on
,
“
W
ha
t i
s 5G
?
Em
e
r
gi
ng
5G
M
obi
le
S
e
r
v
ic
e
s a
nd
Ne
t
wor
k R
e
q
uir
e
m
e
nt
s
,
”
Su
st
ai
na
bil
i
ty
,
vol.
9
,
n
o.
10,
p
p.
1
-
22,
2
01
7,
do
i:
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0.
3
39
0/s
u9
10
18
48.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
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6930
T
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KOM
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T
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put
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l
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l
.
19
, N
o
.
5
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t
obe
r
2021:
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-
1678
1678
[4
]
X
.
Z
hou
n,
R
.
Z
ha
ng
,
a
nd C
.
K.
Ho
,
“
Wir
e
le
s
s I
nf
or
m
a
t
io
n a
nd P
o
we
r
Tr
a
n
sf
e
r
: Ar
c
hi
te
c
tur
e
De
si
gn a
n
d R
a
te
-
En
e
r
g
y
Tr
a
de
of
f
,”
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EE
E T
ra
ns.
C
o
mm
un
.
,
v
ol.
61
,
no.
1
1,
pp.
4
754
-
47
67
,
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13
,
do
i:
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11
09
/tc
om
m
.
20
13.
13.
1
20
85
5.
[5
]
S
.
A
. G
.
S
h
i
r
a
z
i
,
“
I
m
pa
c
t of
a
Tim
e
-
Va
r
y
in
g R
ic
i
a
n F
a
di
ng C
ha
nne
l o
n t
he
P
e
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
of
A
la
m
o
ut
i Tr
a
ns
m
it
Div
e
r
s
it
y Te
c
h
ni
que
,
”
C
o
nfe
re
nc
e
:
1
8t
h I
EE
E A
nn
u
al Sy
mp
os
iu
m on Pe
rs
on
al I
nd
oor
an
d Mo
bi
le
Ra
di
o
C
omm
un
ic
at
io
ns
(
I
E
EE PI
M
RC
20
07)
,
A
the
ns,
2
00
7,
p
p.
1
-
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,
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oi
:
10.
11
09
/P
I
M
R
C
.
20
07.
4
39
44
07
.
[6
]
T
. N
.
Ngu
ye
n,
M
.
Tr
a
n,
T
.
L
.
Ngu
ye
n,
D
.
H
.
H
a
,
a
n
d
M
.
Voz
na
k
,
“
P
e
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
Ana
ly
si
s of
a
U
se
r
S
e
le
c
t
io
n P
r
o
t
oc
o
l
in C
o
op
e
r
a
t
ive
Ne
t
wor
ks
wi
th P
owe
r
S
pl
it
ti
ng P
r
ot
oc
ol
-
B
a
se
d Ene
r
gy Ha
r
ve
st
in
g
O
ve
r
Na
ka
ga
m
i
-
m
/R
a
yle
i
gh
C
h
a
nn
e
ls
,”
Ele
c
tr
on
ic
s
,
vo
l
.
8,
n
o.
4,
20
19
,
d
oi
: 10.
33
90
/e
le
c
tr
o
nic
s8
04
04
48.
[7
]
R
iih
on
e
n,
Ta
ne
li,
S
.
W
ern
e
r
,
a
n
d
R
.
W
ic
hm
a
n
,
“
Hy
br
i
d F
ul
l
-
D
up
le
x
/Ha
lf
-
D
up
le
x R
e
la
yi
ng
wi
th Tr
a
nsm
it P
o
we
r
Ada
pta
ti
on
,
”
I
EE
E T
ra
ns
ac
t
io
ns o
n Wi
re
le
ss C
o
mm
un
ic
a
ti
on
s
,
vol.
10
,
no.
9
,
pp.
30
74
-
30
85
,
2
011
,
doi
:
1
0.
11
09
/t
wc
.
2
01
1.
0
71
41
1.
10
22
66.
[8
]
T
. N
.
Ng
uy
e
n
e
t a
l.
,
“
P
e
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
En
ha
nc
e
m
e
nt f
or
Ene
r
gy Ha
r
ve
st
in
g
B
a
se
d
T
wo
-
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R
e
la
y
P
r
ot
oc
o
ls in W
ir
e
l
e
ss
Ad
-
hoc
Ne
t
wor
ks w
it
h P
a
r
tia
l a
nd F
ul
l R
e
la
y S
e
le
c
t
io
n M
e
tho
ds
,
”
Ad H
oc
N
e
tw
o
rk
s
,
vo
l.
84,
pp.
178
-
87
,
20
1
9,
doi
:
1
0.
10
16
/j.
a
dh
oc
.
2
01
8.
10.
00
5
.
[9
]
R
.
L
iu,
I
.
Mari
c,
P
.
S
p
a
s
oje
vic
,
a
nd R
.
D.
Ya
te
s
,
"
Di
sc
r
e
te
M
e
m
or
yle
ss I
nte
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
a
nd B
r
oa
dc
a
st C
ha
n
ne
l
s
wi
th
C
onf
i
de
nt
ia
l M
e
ssa
ge
s
: S
e
c
r
e
c
y R
a
te
R
e
gi
on
s.
"
I
EE
E
T
r
an
sac
ti
on
s o
n I
n
fo
rm
at
io
n T
he
ory
,
vo
l.
5
4,
no.
6
,
pp.
24
93
-
2
5
07
,
20
08
,
do
i:
10.
11
09
/t
it.
2
00
8.
92
18
79.
[
10]
P
.
K.
G
opa
la
,
L.
La
i
,
a
nd H.
El G
a
m
a
l,
"
On the
S
e
c
r
e
c
y C
a
pa
c
i
ty
of
F
a
di
ng C
ha
n
ne
l
s,
"
I
EEE T
ra
ns
ac
t
io
ns
on
I
nf
or
mat
io
n T
he
ory
,
v
ol.
5
4,
no.
1
0,
pp.
4
68
7
-
4
69
8,
Oc
t.
200
8
,
do
i: 1
0.
1
10
9/
TI
T.
20
08.
9
28
99
0
[
11]
L.
S
u
n
a
nd Q
.
Du
,
"
A R
e
vie
w of
P
hy
sic
a
l L
a
ye
r
S
e
c
ur
i
ty Te
c
hn
iq
ue
s f
or
I
n
te
r
ne
t of
Thi
ng
s: C
ha
lle
nge
s a
nd
S
olu
ti
on
s
,
"
En
tr
opy
,
v
ol.
2
0,
no.
1
0
,
20
18
,
do
i:
10.
33
90
/
e
20
10
07
30.
[
12]
A
.
Ku
he
s
ta
n
i,
A
.
M
oha
m
m
a
di,
a
nd M
.
Mo
h
ammad
i
,
"
J
oin
t R
e
la
y S
e
le
c
t
io
n a
n
d P
o
we
r
Al
loc
a
ti
on
in L
a
r
ge
-
S
ca
l
e
M
I
M
O S
yste
m
s wi
th U
ntr
us
te
d R
e
la
ys a
n
d P
a
ss
ive
Ea
v
e
sdr
op
pe
r
s
,
"
I
EEE T
r
an
sac
ti
on
s on I
n
fo
rm
at
io
n Fo
re
n
s
ic
s
and Se
c
u
ri
ty
,
vo
l.
13,
n
o.
2,
pp.
3
41
-
35
5,
20
17,
d
oi
:
1
0.
1
109
/t
if
s.
20
17.
2
75
01
02.
[
13]
L
. H
u
e
t al.
,
"
C
oo
pe
r
a
t
ive
Ja
m
m
in
g f
or
P
hy
sic
a
l L
a
ye
r
S
e
c
ur
i
ty
En
ha
nc
e
m
e
nt
in
I
nte
r
ne
t
of
Th
in
gs
,
"
I
E
EE I
nte
rne
t
of T
h
in
gs J
o
ur
na
l
,
vo
l,
5,
no.
1
,
pp
.
2
19
-
28
,
20
18
,
do
i:
1
0.
11
09
/j
io
t.
20
17.
27
78
18
5.
[
14]
P
.
T.
Ti
n,
D.
T.
H
un
g,
N.
N.
Ta
n,
a
nd
T.
T.
Du
y,
"
S
e
c
r
e
c
y
P
e
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
E
nha
nc
e
m
e
nt
f
or
U
nde
r
la
y
C
o
gn
it
ive
R
a
di
o
Ne
t
wor
ks
Em
p
lo
yi
ng
C
o
ope
r
a
ti
ve
M
u
lt
i
-
H
op
Tr
a
nsm
is
s
ion
w
it
h a
nd
wi
th
ou
t P
r
e
se
nc
e
of
Ha
r
d
wa
r
e
I
m
pa
ir
m
e
nt
s
,
"
En
tro
py
,
v
ol.
2
1,
no.
2
,
20
19
,
do
i:
1
0.
3
39
0/e
21
02
02
17.
[
15]
R
.
Z
ha
o,
Y.
Y
ua
n,
L.
F
a
n
,
a
nd
Y
. C
.
H
e
,
“
S
e
c
r
e
c
y P
e
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
Ana
ly
si
s of
C
og
ni
ti
ve
De
c
o
de
-
a
nd
-
F
or
wa
r
d R
e
la
y
Ne
t
wor
ks i
n Na
ka
ga
m
i
-
m
F
a
d
in
g C
ha
nne
ls
,
”
I
E
EE
T
ran
s.
C
omm
un
.
,
v
ol.
65,
n
o.
2,
pp.
5
49
-
56
3
,
2
017
,
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[
16]
P
. T
.
Ti
n,
P
.
M
.
N
a
m
, T
.
T
.
Du
y,
a
nd
P
.
Tr
a
n,
"
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e
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nte
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r
d
wa
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I
m
pe
r
f
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io
n
,
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Se
ns
ors
,
v
ol.
19,
no.
5
, p
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. 1
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20
19
,
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60.
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60
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[
17]
T.
D
.
Hi
e
u,
T.
T
.
Du
y,
a
nd
B
.
B
.
Kim
,
“
P
e
r
f
or
m
a
nc
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nha
nc
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n
t f
or
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ul
ti
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it W
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s wit
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io
n M
e
th
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s i
n P
r
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nc
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of
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ve
s
dr
o
ppe
r
s a
nd Ha
r
dwa
r
e
No
ise
s
,
”
I
EE
E Se
ns
or
s J
o
ur
na
l
,
vo
l.
2
,
no.
12,
pp.
51
73
-
51
86
,
20
18
,
do
i:
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1
10
9/
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N.
20
18.
28
29
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.
[
18]
T.
N.
N
gu
ye
n,
T.
H.
Q.
M
in
h,
P
.
T.
Tr
a
n,
M
.
V
oz
ňá
k,
“
P
e
r
f
or
m
a
n
c
e
A
na
l
ys
is
of
a
Use
r
S
e
le
c
t
io
n P
r
o
toc
o
l i
n
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r
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t
ive
N
e
t
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h P
o
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S
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g P
r
o
toc
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l
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se
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r
gy
Ha
r
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ve
r
Na
ka
ga
m
i
-
m
/R
a
yle
ig
h
C
h
a
nn
e
ls
,”
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c
tr
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ic
s,
v
ol.
8,
n
o.
4,
20
19,
d
oi
: 10.
33
90
/e
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c
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o
nic
s8
04
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48
.
[
19]
Niy
a
t
o,
Du
si
t,
D
.
I
.
Kim
,
M
.
M
a
so,
a
nd Z
.
H
a
n
,
“
W
ir
e
le
ss
P
o
we
r
e
d
C
om
m
u
nic
a
ti
on
Ne
tw
or
k
s:
R
e
se
a
r
c
h
Dir
e
c
ti
on
s
a
nd Te
c
h
no
lo
gic
a
l
A
ppr
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h
e
s.
”
I
E
EE
W
ire
le
s
s C
o
mm
u
nic
at
io
ns
,
pp
.
2
-
11
,
20
17
,
do
i:
10.
1
10
9/m
wc
.
2
01
7.
16
00
1
16.
[
20]
Y.
Gu
,
H
.
C
he
n,
Y.
Li
,
a
nd B
.
Vuc
e
tic
,
“
An a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
tr
a
nsm
is
si
on pr
ot
oc
o
l f
or
wir
e
le
s
s
-
p
owe
r
e
d c
oo
pe
r
a
t
ive
c
om
m
u
nic
a
ti
on
s
,”
In
P
roc
e
e
d
in
gs
of
the
I
EE
E I
n
te
r
na
ti
ona
l C
on
fe
re
nc
e
o
n C
o
mm
un
ic
a
ti
on
s (
I
C
C
)
,
Lo
nd
on
,
UK
,
8
-
12
J
un
e
20
15
,
pp.
4
22
3
-
42
28
.
[
21]
H
.
Ju
a
nd R
.
Z
ha
ng,
“
Thr
ou
gh
pu
t M
a
xim
iz
a
t
io
n in W
ir
e
le
ss P
owe
r
e
d C
om
m
u
nic
a
t
io
n Ne
t
wor
ks
,
”
I
EE
E T
ra
ns.
Wir
e
l.
C
o
mm
un
.,
vo
l.
13,
n
o.
1,
pp.
41
8
-
4
28
,
20
14
,
d
oi
: 10.
1
10
9/
TW
C
.
20
13.
1
12
51
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1
30
76
0
.
[
22]
M.
R
.
B
ha
tna
ga
r
,
“
On the
C
a
pa
c
it
y of
De
c
o
de
-
a
nd
-
F
or
w
a
r
d R
e
la
y
in
g ove
r
R
ic
ia
n F
a
d
in
g C
ha
n
ne
l
s
,
”
I
EEE
C
o
mm
un.
L
e
t
t
.,
vo
l.
17
,
n
o.
6,
pp.
11
00
-
11
03
,
20
13
,
d
oi
:1
0.
1
10
9/l
c
om
m
.
20
13.
0
50
31
3.
1
22
81
3.
[
23]
D.
Z
wil
li
nge
r
a
nd
V.
M
o
ll,
“
Ta
ble
of
I
n
te
gr
a
l
s,
S
e
r
ie
s,
a
nd
P
r
odu
c
t
s
,”
S
pr
i
nge
r
: N
Y,
US
A,
20
15.
do
i:
10.
1
01
6/c
20
10
-
0
-
648
39
-
5.
[
24]
A
.
A
.
Na
sir
,
X
.
Zh
ou
,
S
.
Dur
r
a
n
i,
a
nd
R
.
A.
Ke
n
ne
d
y,
“
R
e
la
yi
ng
P
r
o
toc
ol
s f
or
W
ir
e
l
e
ss
Ene
r
gy
Ha
r
ve
st
in
g a
nd
I
nf
or
m
a
ti
on P
r
oc
e
ss
in
g
,”
I
EE
E T
r
an
s.
Wi
re
l.
C
omm
un
.
,
v
ol.
12
,
no.
7,
p
p.
36
22
-
36
36
,
20
1
3,
doi
:
1
0.
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09
/t
wc
.
2
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3.
0
62
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3.
12
20
42.
[
25]
S
.
Li
,
C
.
Li
,
S
.
Jin,
M
.
W
e
i
,
a
nd
L
.
Y
a
ng
,
“
S
I
NR
ba
la
nc
i
ng te
c
h
ni
que
s
f
or
r
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bu
st
be
a
m
f
or
m
in
g i
n
V
2X
-
SW
I
P
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sys
te
m
ba
se
d on
a
no
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-
l
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r
EH
m
ode
l
,
”
Ph
y
s
ic
a
l C
om
mu
nic
at
io
ns
,
vo
l.
29
,
n
o
.
8
,
pp
.
95
-
10
2
,
201
8
,
doi
:
1
0.
10
16
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ph
yc
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.
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18.
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