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v
er
s
all
m
in
is
tr
ies
an
d
alm
o
s
t a
ll f
ed
er
al
-
lev
el
a
g
e
n
cies sin
ce
2
0
1
7
.
Ho
wev
er
,
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
to
r
ep
o
r
t
s
o
f
im
p
ac
t
s
tu
d
ies
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
th
e
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
ag
en
cy
o
n
th
e
s
er
v
ice,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
is
s
er
v
ice
was sig
n
if
ican
tly
lo
wer
th
an
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ac
co
u
n
t
h
o
ld
er
s
ac
r
o
s
s
Ma
lay
s
ia.
T
h
e
r
ep
o
r
t
f
o
u
n
d
o
u
t
th
at
7
5
%
o
f
u
s
er
s
o
n
ly
u
s
ed
em
ail
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
,
w
h
ile
o
n
ly
4
3
%
u
s
ed
telec
o
n
f
e
r
en
cin
g
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
an
d
o
n
ly
h
alf
u
s
ed
b
i
g
m
ail
t
r
an
s
f
er
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
th
is
s
er
v
ice
u
s
ag
e
r
ates
o
t
h
er
th
a
n
em
ail
wer
e
d
u
e
to
a
lack
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
s
k
ills
am
o
n
g
co
n
s
u
m
e
r
s
,
a
lack
o
f
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
th
at
co
u
ld
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
telec
o
n
f
er
en
ce
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
,
a
n
d
p
o
o
r
awa
r
e
n
ess
o
f
s
er
v
ices.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
f
in
d
s
o
u
t
th
at
th
er
e
is
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
r
o
b
lem
in
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
s
er
v
ices
as
i
ts
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
m
atc
h
e
d
with
th
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
s
er
v
ices
an
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
f
er
ed
.
MA
MPU
'
s
r
ep
o
r
t
[
5
]
s
h
o
wed
th
at
th
er
e
is
a
g
a
p
th
at
n
ee
d
s
t
o
b
e
ad
d
r
ess
ed
,
wh
ich
is
to
d
e
ter
m
in
e
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
in
f
lu
en
ce
th
ese
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
to
ac
ce
p
t
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
in
th
e
ir
d
aily
wo
r
k
.
T
h
en
,
a
r
esear
ch
m
o
d
el
th
at
co
u
ld
ev
alu
ate
th
e
p
u
b
lic
s
ec
to
r
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
’
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
o
f
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
s
er
v
ices
is
d
e
v
elo
p
e
d
,
v
alid
ated
,
an
d
test
ed
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
to
id
en
tify
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
,
wh
ich
ca
n
af
f
ec
t
th
e
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
ap
p
licatio
n
s
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
Ma
lay
s
ian
p
u
b
lic
s
ec
to
r
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ad
o
p
ts
th
e
u
n
if
ied
th
e
o
r
y
o
f
ac
ce
p
ta
n
ce
a
n
d
u
s
e
o
f
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
UT
AUT
)
an
d
s
ix
tech
n
o
lo
g
ic
al
an
d
h
u
m
an
f
ac
t
o
r
s
ass
ess
ed
f
o
r
th
e
Ma
lay
s
ian
p
u
b
lic
s
ec
to
r
s
.
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
R
E
VI
E
W
2
.
1
.
Clo
ud
co
m
pu
t
ing
ba
ck
g
ro
un
d
C
lo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
ca
n
b
e
d
e
f
in
ed
as
“
a
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
e
n
ab
lin
g
u
b
i
q
u
ito
u
s
,
co
n
v
en
ien
t,
o
n
-
d
em
an
d
n
etwo
r
k
ac
ce
s
s
to
a
s
h
ar
ed
p
o
o
l
o
f
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ab
le
c
o
m
p
u
tin
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
th
at
ca
n
b
e
r
a
p
id
ly
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
e
d
an
d
r
elea
s
ed
with
m
in
im
al
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
ef
f
o
r
t
o
r
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
i
d
er
in
ter
ac
tio
n
”
[
6
]
.
C
lo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
tin
g
is
u
s
ed
to
s
h
ar
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
(
d
ata
an
d
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
)
i
n
a
clo
u
d
p
latf
o
r
m
th
at
h
o
s
t
s
p
ac
e
o
v
e
r
th
e
in
ter
n
et
.
T
h
e
r
e
ar
e
th
r
e
e
t
y
p
es
o
f
d
e
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
m
o
d
el;
s
o
f
twar
e
as
a
s
er
v
ice
(
SaaS)
,
p
latf
o
r
m
as
a
s
er
v
ice
(
PaaS)
,
an
d
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
as
a
s
er
v
ice
(
I
aa
S)
[
6
]
.
B
esid
es,
th
er
e
ar
e
th
r
ee
ty
p
es
o
f
s
er
v
ice
m
o
d
els
in
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
;
p
u
b
lic
clo
u
d
(
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
s
er
v
ices
an
d
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
to
th
e
p
u
b
lic
an
d
o
r
g
a
n
is
atio
n
s
in
a
s
h
ar
ed
m
an
n
er
)
,
p
r
iv
ate
clo
u
d
(
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
d
ed
ica
ted
s
er
v
ices
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
t
o
o
n
e
o
r
g
an
is
atio
n
)
,
an
d
h
y
b
r
i
d
clo
u
d
(
a
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
p
u
b
lic
an
d
p
r
iv
ate
cl
o
u
d
)
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
e
r
ep
o
r
t b
y
R
ig
h
t
Scale
[
7
]
,
a
p
u
b
lic
clo
u
d
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
b
u
s
in
ess
s
ec
to
r
i
s
3
3
% c
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
clo
u
d
,
wh
ic
h
is
2
8
% a
n
d
p
r
iv
ate
clo
u
d
,
wh
ich
is
1
7
%.
2
.
2
.
I
nfo
r
m
a
t
io
n
t
ec
hn
o
lo
g
y
inn
o
v
a
t
io
n a
cc
ept
a
nce
T
h
e
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
o
f
n
ew
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
b
y
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
o
r
o
r
g
an
is
atio
n
s
v
ar
ies
d
e
p
en
d
i
n
g
o
n
h
o
w
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
is
g
o
in
g
th
em
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
task
f
aster
an
d
b
etter
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
s
k
ill
a
n
d
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
a
r
e
to
o
ls
to
f
ac
ilit
ate
th
e
jo
b
,
b
u
t
in
m
an
y
i
s
s
u
es
an
d
s
itu
atio
n
s
,
i
ts
ef
f
icac
y
an
d
b
en
ef
its
f
o
r
u
s
er
s
ar
e
s
u
b
jectiv
e.
Dav
is
[
9
]
d
ef
in
ed
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
as
th
e
u
s
er
'
s
d
ec
i
s
io
n
o
n
h
o
w
an
d
wh
en
to
u
s
e
th
e
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s.
T
h
in
k
in
g
at
th
e
is
s
u
es
wh
ich
o
f
ten
p
r
ev
en
t
u
s
er
s
f
r
o
m
em
b
r
ac
in
g
a
n
d
u
s
in
g
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies,
m
an
y
co
n
ce
r
n
s
n
ee
d
to
b
e
ad
d
r
ess
ed
b
ef
o
r
e
u
s
er
s
o
r
o
r
g
a
n
is
atio
n
s
in
ad
o
p
tin
g
clo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
tin
g
.
Mu
ltip
le
s
tu
d
ies
wer
e
d
o
n
e
t
o
ass
ess
th
e
u
s
er
's
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
o
f
clo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
t
in
g
at
b
o
th
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
lev
el
s
[
1
0
,
1
1
]
an
d
o
r
g
an
is
atio
n
al
lev
els
[
1
2
,
1
3
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
ese
s
tu
d
ies
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
d
o
th
er
f
ac
to
r
s
wh
ich
m
ay
in
f
lu
en
ce
th
e
ac
ce
p
ta
n
ce
o
f
th
e
u
s
er
in
d
iv
er
s
e
s
itu
atio
n
s
.
T
h
eo
r
y
o
f
r
ea
s
o
n
e
d
ac
tio
n
[
1
4
]
,
T
h
e
o
r
y
o
f
p
lan
n
ed
b
eh
av
io
r
[
1
5
]
,
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ac
c
ep
tan
ce
m
o
d
el
[
9
]
,
d
if
f
u
s
io
n
o
f
in
n
o
v
atio
n
[
1
6
]
,
an
d
task
-
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
f
it
[
1
7
]
a
r
e
am
o
n
g
th
e
th
e
o
r
ies
u
s
ed
in
th
e
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
o
f
in
n
o
v
atio
n
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
UT
AUT
[
1
8
]
is
a
g
r
ea
t
r
esear
ch
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
atin
g
eig
h
t
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
th
eo
r
ies
b
ased
o
n
g
r
o
u
n
d
b
r
ea
k
in
g
s
tu
d
ies
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
al
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
.
T
h
e
UT
AUT
is
in
ten
d
e
d
to
ex
p
lain
th
e
u
s
er
'
s
in
ten
tio
n
to
u
s
e
an
I
S
an
d
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
b
eh
a
v
io
u
r
.
T
h
u
s
,
U
T
AUT
is
ad
o
p
ted
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
as
a
n
u
n
d
er
l
y
in
g
th
eo
r
etica
l f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
to
e
x
p
l
o
r
e
th
e
ac
ce
p
tab
ilit
y
o
f
u
s
er
s
o
f
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
in
t
h
e
Ma
la
y
s
ian
p
u
b
lic
s
ec
to
r
.
2
.
3
.
UT
AUT
Ven
k
atesh
et
a
l.
[
1
8
]
,
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
UT
AUT
,
wh
ich
clar
if
ied
t
h
e
u
s
er
'
s
in
ten
tio
n
to
u
s
e
I
S
an
d
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
u
s
ag
e
b
eh
av
i
o
u
r
.
T
h
e
s
tr
en
g
t
h
o
f
UT
AUT
is
th
at
it
f
o
cu
s
e
s
o
n
s
o
m
an
y
m
o
d
els
an
d
g
iv
es
an
in
v
esti
g
at
o
r
a
wid
er
v
iew
o
f
all
cu
r
r
en
t
m
o
d
els
[
1
9
]
.
Ap
p
lied
r
esear
ch
h
as
b
ee
n
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
o
n
th
e
U
T
AUT
m
o
d
el.
T
h
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
1
:
1
2
4
-
13
3
126
m
o
d
el
o
f
f
er
s
a
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
t
h
a
t
d
o
es
n
o
t
o
n
ly
d
escr
ib
es
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
I
T
)
a
n
d
I
S
ad
o
p
tio
n
b
u
t
also
ex
p
lain
s
h
o
w
th
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
an
d
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
UT
AUT
m
o
d
el
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
s
s
u
b
s
tan
tially
to
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
an
d
u
s
es
b
ec
au
s
e
it
ca
n
in
teg
r
ate
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
T
AM
s
[
1
8
]
.
T
ab
le
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
,
ar
ea
s
o
f
s
tu
d
y
,
an
d
r
e
s
u
lt
s
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
th
at
u
s
ed
th
e
UT
AUT
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
in
th
eir
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
u
s
in
g
th
e
UT
AUT
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
h
o
wed
d
if
f
er
en
t
r
esear
ch
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
,
esp
ec
ially
with
v
ar
io
u
s
s
u
g
g
esti
o
n
s
o
n
o
t
h
er
f
ac
to
r
s
r
e
lev
an
t to
th
e
c
o
n
tex
t o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
ies th
at
u
s
ed
th
e
UT
AUT
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
A
u
t
h
o
r
A
r
e
a
o
f
st
u
d
y
R
e
s
u
l
t
s/
F
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
[
2
1
]
R
F
I
D
u
sag
e
i
n
H
EI
A
l
l
f
o
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r
f
a
c
t
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r
s
o
f
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TA
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T
a
r
e
si
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
i
n
t
h
e
st
u
d
y
.
[
2
2
]
e
-
Le
a
r
n
i
n
g
a
d
o
p
t
i
o
n
A
l
l
f
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r
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f
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TA
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T
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n
i
f
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c
a
n
t
i
n
t
h
e
st
u
d
y
.
[
2
3
]
On
-
d
e
ma
n
d
ser
v
i
c
e
s
u
ser
a
c
c
e
p
t
a
n
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U
si
n
g
U
TA
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T
2
a
n
d
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n
c
o
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p
o
r
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t
e
d
w
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t
h
D
O
I
.
S
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
f
a
c
t
o
r
s:
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
i
s
a
t
i
o
n
,
c
o
m
p
a
t
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
,
s
o
c
i
a
l
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
,
a
n
d
p
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
r
i
s
k
.
[
2
4
]
M
o
b
i
l
e
b
a
n
k
i
n
g
a
d
o
p
t
i
o
n
U
si
n
g
U
TA
U
T
2
.
S
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
f
a
c
t
o
r
s:
P
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
e
x
p
e
c
t
a
n
c
y
,
e
f
f
o
r
t
e
x
p
e
c
t
a
n
c
y
,
s
o
c
i
a
l
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
,
h
a
b
i
t
,
h
e
d
o
n
i
c
m
o
t
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
p
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
r
i
sk
.
[
2
5
]
I
mp
a
c
t
o
f
s
o
c
i
a
l
me
d
i
a
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
I
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
o
t
h
e
r
f
a
c
t
o
r
s.
S
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
:
u
t
i
l
i
t
a
r
i
a
n
v
a
l
u
e
,
h
e
d
o
n
i
c
v
a
l
u
e
a
n
d
so
c
i
a
l
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
.
[
2
6
]
W
e
b
-
b
a
se
d
serv
i
c
e
s
a
c
c
e
p
t
a
n
c
e
A
l
l
f
o
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r
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
o
f
U
TA
U
T
a
r
e
si
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
i
n
t
h
e
st
u
d
y
.
[
2
7
]
O
n
l
i
n
e
b
a
n
k
i
n
g
a
d
o
p
t
i
o
n
I
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
o
t
h
e
r
f
a
c
t
o
r
s.
S
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
:
b
r
a
n
d
t
r
u
s
t
,
p
e
r
f
o
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ma
n
c
e
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x
p
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c
t
a
n
c
y
,
p
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
r
i
sk
,
i
n
i
t
i
a
l
t
r
u
st
.
[
2
8
]
I
n
t
e
r
n
e
t
b
a
n
k
i
n
g
a
d
o
p
t
i
o
n
I
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
o
t
h
e
r
f
a
c
t
o
r
s.
S
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
:
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
e
x
p
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c
t
a
n
c
y
,
e
f
f
o
r
t
e
x
p
e
c
t
a
n
c
y
,
c
o
m
p
a
t
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
,
i
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
v
e
n
e
ss
,
a
n
d
p
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
s
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
.
3.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
O
DE
L
A
ND
H
YP
O
T
H
E
S
I
S DE
VE
L
O
P
M
E
N
T
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
r
esear
ch
m
o
d
el
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
t
h
e
c
lo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
tr
en
d
in
th
e
Ma
lay
s
ian
p
u
b
lic
s
ec
to
r
s
.
I
t
is
co
m
p
r
is
ed
o
f
th
r
ee
f
ac
t
o
r
s
th
at
o
r
ig
in
ate
f
r
o
m
th
e
UT
AUT
m
o
d
el,
n
am
el
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ex
p
ec
tan
c
y
,
e
f
f
o
r
t
e
x
p
ec
ta
n
cy
,
an
d
s
o
cial
in
f
lu
en
ce
.
T
h
ey
h
av
e
also
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
ated
s
ix
a
d
d
itio
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
(
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
,
s
ec
u
r
it
y
,
m
o
b
ilit
y
,
I
T
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
to
p
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
d
a
war
en
ess
)
th
at
d
er
iv
e
f
r
o
m
a
r
elate
d
s
tu
d
y
i
n
clo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
tin
g
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
d
ep
i
cts th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
R
esear
ch
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
3
.
1
.
T
ec
hn
o
lo
g
ica
l f
a
ct
o
rs
T
h
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
f
ac
to
r
s
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
asp
ec
ts
lin
k
ed
t
o
clo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
tin
g
,
f
ea
tu
r
es,
an
d
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
m
a
k
e
th
is
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
ac
ce
p
tab
le.
T
h
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
i
n
clu
d
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
e
x
p
ec
tan
c
y
,
ef
f
o
r
t
ex
p
ec
tan
cy
,
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
,
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
an
d
m
o
b
ilit
y
.
E
ac
h
f
ac
to
r
is
ex
p
lain
e
d
b
y
th
e
b
asis
o
f
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
th
o
s
e
f
ac
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
h
y
p
o
th
esis
o
f
th
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
to
t
h
e
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
o
f
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
is
also
in
cl
u
d
e
d
in
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
.
a.
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
e
x
p
ec
tan
c
y
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ex
p
ec
tan
cy
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
to
wh
ich
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
is
u
s
ed
in
d
aily
wo
r
k
,
th
u
s
s
tr
en
g
th
en
in
g
th
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
in
d
iv
i
d
u
als
ab
o
u
t
in
n
o
v
ati
o
n
s
.
Ven
k
atesh
et
a
l.
[
1
8
]
also
s
tr
ess
ed
th
at
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
e
x
p
ec
tan
c
y
,
as
o
n
e
ass
u
m
es,
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
wo
u
ld
h
elp
th
em
to
ac
h
iev
e
jo
b
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
g
ain
s
.
T
h
is
asp
ec
t
also
h
elp
s
p
eo
p
le
w
h
o
em
b
r
ac
e
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
to
h
av
e
c
lear
a
d
v
an
ta
g
es
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
o
th
er
s
[
2
9
]
.
B
ef
o
r
e
u
s
in
g
clo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
tin
g
,
t
h
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
ts
ar
e
am
o
n
g
th
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
th
in
g
s
o
r
g
a
n
is
atio
n
s
ev
alu
ate.
T
h
e
o
r
g
an
is
atio
n
is
lo
o
k
in
g
f
o
r
lu
c
r
ativ
e
r
et
u
r
n
s
,
an
d
m
u
ch
in
v
es
tm
en
t
is
p
r
o
life
r
atin
g
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
is
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
to
ar
g
u
e
th
at
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
h
as
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
t o
n
th
e
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
o
f
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
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T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
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t E
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tr
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s
ec
to
r
emp
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s
(
Mo
h
d
Ta
lmiz
ie
A
mro
n
)
127
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
th
at:
H1
.
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
E
x
p
ec
tan
c
y
h
as
a
p
o
s
i
tiv
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
n
b
eh
a
v
io
u
r
al
in
ten
tio
n
t
o
ac
ce
p
t
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
.
b.
E
f
f
o
r
t e
x
p
ec
tan
cy
E
f
f
o
r
t
ex
p
ec
tan
c
y
d
escr
ib
ed
th
e
d
e
g
r
ee
o
f
ea
s
e
ass
o
ciate
d
with
s
y
s
tem
u
s
e
[
1
8
]
.
User
ex
p
er
ien
ce
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
t
o
in
d
icate
an
in
d
i
v
id
u
al'
s
co
m
f
o
r
t
w
h
ile
u
s
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
in
v
en
tio
n
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
u
s
ef
u
l
an
d
h
elp
f
u
l.
H
o
wev
er
,
in
n
o
v
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is
h
ar
d
t
o
ac
ce
p
t
b
ec
au
s
e
it
is
d
if
f
icu
lt
to
lear
n
,
n
o
t
u
s
er
-
f
r
ien
d
ly
,
a
n
d
to
o
co
m
p
lex
.
I
t
wo
u
ld
n
o
t
f
u
lly
e
x
p
lo
it
n
ew
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
B
o
za
n
e
t
a
l.
[
3
0
]
ad
d
r
ess
ed
th
is
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
as
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
k
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f
ac
to
r
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d
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n
d
o
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t
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at
it
h
ad
ch
a
n
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ed
co
n
s
id
er
a
b
ly
a
m
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s
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in
th
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elatio
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s
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p
with
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eh
a
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u
r
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in
ten
tio
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.
T
h
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s
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als
with
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eq
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p
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o
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ite
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tio
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s
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.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
th
at:
H
2
.
E
f
f
o
r
t
E
x
p
ec
tan
cy
h
as
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
b
eh
av
io
u
r
al
in
ten
tio
n
to
ac
ce
p
t c
lo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
.
c.
C
o
m
p
atib
ilit
y
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
R
o
g
er
s
[
1
6
]
,
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
in
n
o
v
atio
n
b
y
cu
r
r
en
t
v
alu
es,
p
ast
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
,
an
d
d
esire
s
o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
a
d
o
p
ted
p
eo
p
le.
A
less
v
ag
u
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
a
f
u
tu
r
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
ter
is
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
atib
le.
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
ca
n
eith
er
b
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
o
r
in
co
m
p
atib
le
1
)
with
s
o
c
io
cu
ltu
r
al
v
alu
es
o
r
b
elief
s
,
2
)
with
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
th
at
h
ad
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
ly
b
ee
n
im
p
lem
e
n
ted
o
r
3
)
with
u
s
er
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
f
o
r
in
n
o
v
ati
o
n
.
Salleh
u
d
in
[
3
1
]
ex
p
lain
ed
th
at
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
in
n
o
v
atio
n
with
an
ex
is
tin
g
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
o
r
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
eith
er
s
p
ed
u
p
o
r
d
elay
e
d
its
o
r
g
an
is
atio
n
al
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
r
ate.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
s
,
it
is
es
s
en
tial
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
at
ex
is
tin
g
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
an
d
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
p
er
f
ec
tly
f
it
f
o
r
th
e
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
to
b
e
ap
p
lied
s
o
as
n
o
t
to
b
e
h
ar
m
f
u
l
a
f
ter
th
e
y
ar
e
u
s
ed
.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
th
at:
H
3
.
C
o
m
p
atib
ilit
y
h
as
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
b
e
h
av
io
u
r
al
in
te
n
tio
n
to
ac
ce
p
t c
lo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
.
d.
Secu
r
ity
Secu
r
ity
asp
ec
ts
ar
e
cr
itical
in
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
o
f
d
ata
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
to
r
ed
in
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
.
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
s
ec
u
r
ity
g
e
n
er
ally
f
o
cu
s
o
n
p
r
o
tectin
g
th
r
ee
m
ain
asp
ec
ts
o
f
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
n
am
ely
co
n
f
id
en
tia
lity
,
in
teg
r
ity
,
an
d
a
v
ailab
ilit
y
o
r
k
n
o
w
n
as
"CIA"
[
3
2
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
Sin
g
h
et
a
l
.
[
3
3
]
,
th
e
clo
u
d
m
o
d
el
b
ased
o
n
th
e
v
ir
tu
al
m
ac
h
i
n
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t r
ev
ea
ls
s
to
r
e
d
an
d
s
h
ar
e
d
d
ata
o
n
th
e
clo
u
d
b
ec
o
m
es
v
u
ln
er
a
b
l
e
f
o
r
th
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
b
r
ea
ch
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
it
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
m
ec
h
an
is
m
th
at
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
an
d
im
p
lem
e
n
ted
b
y
all
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
th
at:
H
4.
Se
cu
r
ity
h
as
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
b
eh
av
io
u
r
al
in
ten
tio
n
to
ac
ce
p
t
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
.
e.
Mo
b
ilit
y
Mo
b
ilit
y
allo
ws
ap
p
licatio
n
s
t
o
u
s
e
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
to
c
o
n
v
en
ien
tly
co
n
n
ec
t
o
v
er
th
e
i
n
ter
n
et,
wh
ich
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
f
ea
t
u
r
es.
T
aib
et
a
l
.
[
3
4
]
s
tated
m
o
b
ilit
y
as
a
u
b
iq
u
ito
u
s
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
wh
ich
allo
ws
u
s
er
s
to
ac
ce
s
s
an
y
tim
e
an
d
an
y
wh
e
r
e
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
er
v
ices
r
em
o
tely
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
m
o
b
ilit
y
is
th
e
m
ain
p
r
ed
icted
f
ac
t
o
r
f
o
r
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
th
e
n
ew
m
o
b
ile
in
n
o
v
atio
n
b
y
p
o
te
n
tial
u
s
er
s
.
T
h
is
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
an
in
d
icato
r
o
f
u
s
er
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
as
r
ev
iewe
d
b
y
Sax
en
a
[
3
5
]
,
wh
ich
s
tr
ess
ed
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
m
o
b
ilit
y
f
ac
to
r
to
im
p
lem
en
t
n
ew
m
o
b
ile
an
d
elec
tr
o
n
ic
in
n
o
v
atio
n
.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
th
at:
H5
.
Mo
b
ilit
y
h
as
a
p
o
s
i
tiv
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
b
eh
av
i
o
u
r
al
in
ten
tio
n
to
ac
ce
p
t c
lo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
.
3
.
2
.
H
u
m
a
n f
a
c
t
o
rs
Hu
m
an
f
ac
t
o
r
s
ar
e
v
iewp
o
in
ts
in
ass
ess
in
g
h
u
m
an
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
er
e
a
r
e
f
o
u
r
f
ac
to
r
s
;
I
T
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
to
p
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
s
o
cial
in
f
lu
en
ce
,
an
d
a
war
en
ess
.
E
ac
h
h
u
m
an
f
ac
to
r
is
ex
p
lain
ed
b
y
th
e
b
asis
o
f
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
th
o
s
e
f
ac
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
h
y
p
o
th
esis
o
f
th
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
to
th
e
ac
ce
p
ta
n
ce
o
f
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
is
also
in
clu
d
ed
in
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
.
a.
I
T
Kn
o
wled
ge
E
ac
h
in
d
iv
id
u
al
m
u
s
t
b
e
ar
m
e
d
with
I
T
k
n
o
wled
g
e
in
o
r
d
er
to
ac
ce
p
t
n
ew
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
t
o
u
tili
s
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
o
r
d
er
n
o
t
to
d
is
r
u
p
t
th
eir
ad
o
p
tio
n
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Salleh
u
d
in
et
a
l.
[
3
1
]
,
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
-
s
av
v
y
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
will
lead
to
th
e
a
d
o
p
tio
n
o
f
I
T
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
ies
th
r
o
u
g
h
k
n
o
wled
g
e
a
n
d
in
n
o
v
atio
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
C
o
m
p
eten
t
s
taf
f
ca
n
d
ev
elo
p
in
n
o
v
atio
n
an
d
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
n
ew
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
T
h
is
s
ce
n
ar
io
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
em
p
lo
y
ee
with
ad
d
ed
v
alu
e
in
co
n
s
ta
n
tly
s
ee
k
in
g
s
p
ac
e
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
wo
r
k
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
.
T
h
e
in
ter
n
a
l
ex
p
er
tis
e
o
r
I
T
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
in
th
e
co
m
p
an
y
is
an
o
th
er
k
e
y
elem
en
t.
T
h
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
in
n
o
v
atio
n
is
also
ex
p
ec
ted
to
h
av
e
a
n
im
p
ac
t
o
n
I
T
o
r
n
o
n
-
I
T
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
[
3
6
]
.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
th
at:
H6
.
I
T
k
n
o
wled
g
e
h
as
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
in
f
l
u
en
ce
o
n
b
eh
av
io
u
r
al
in
te
n
tio
n
to
ac
ce
p
t
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
.
b.
T
o
p
m
an
a
g
em
en
t su
p
p
o
r
t
Su
p
p
o
r
t
f
r
o
m
to
p
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
in
n
o
v
ati
o
n
in
th
e
o
r
g
an
is
atio
n
.
T
o
p
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
is
a
h
ig
h
er
-
le
v
el
g
r
o
u
p
m
a
n
a
g
in
g
th
e
p
o
licies
an
d
d
ec
is
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
o
r
g
an
is
atio
n
.
A
g
r
ea
t
m
o
v
e
in
t
h
e
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
cr
itical,
an
d
it
will
lead
to
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
an
y
p
r
o
ject.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Salleh
u
d
in
et
a
l.
[
3
1
]
,
in
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
th
e
p
o
wer
o
f
to
p
m
an
ag
em
en
t
s
er
v
es
as
a
n
ag
en
t
o
f
tr
an
s
itio
n
.
T
o
p
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
in
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
ca
n
en
s
u
r
e
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
'
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
1
:
1
2
4
-
13
3
128
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
r
ea
ctio
n
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
is
f
ac
to
r
r
ef
er
s
to
h
o
w
th
e
t
o
p
m
an
ag
em
en
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
af
f
ec
t
s
th
e
d
aily
task
s
o
f
th
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
.
Hen
c
e,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
th
at:
H7
.
T
o
p
Ma
n
ag
e
m
en
t
Su
p
p
o
r
t
h
as
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
n
b
eh
av
io
u
r
al
in
ten
tio
n
t
o
ac
ce
p
t c
lo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
tin
g
.
c.
So
cial
in
f
lu
en
ce
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Ven
k
atesh
et
a
l.
[
1
8
]
,
s
o
cial
in
f
lu
en
ce
r
e
f
er
s
to
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
to
wh
ich
a
p
e
r
s
o
n
s
ee
s
wh
at
o
th
er
s
th
in
k
a
b
o
u
t
h
o
w
th
e
n
e
w
s
y
s
tem
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
u
s
ed
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
s
o
cial
in
f
l
u
en
ce
test
s
h
o
w
p
eo
p
le
ar
e
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
th
eir
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
s
b
y
m
o
tiv
atin
g
th
em
to
co
n
s
id
er
an
d
u
s
e
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
ap
p
li
ca
tio
n
s
.
A
s
tu
d
y
b
y
Far
ah
et
a
l.
[
2
4
]
s
h
o
wed
t
h
at
th
e
u
s
er
r
elies
h
e
a
v
ily
o
n
f
e
ed
b
ac
k
a
n
d
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
f
r
o
m
o
th
er
s
wh
o
u
s
e
n
ew
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
th
e
f
ir
s
t p
lace
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
also
s
h
o
wed
th
at
th
e
m
o
s
t sig
n
if
ican
t f
ac
to
r
in
esti
m
atin
g
th
e
o
u
tco
m
e
f
o
r
a
u
s
er
to
ta
k
e
m
o
b
ile
a
p
p
li
ca
tio
n
s
is
s
o
cial
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
.
He
n
ce
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
t
h
at:
H8
.
So
cial
I
n
f
lu
en
ce
h
as a
p
o
s
itiv
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
b
e
h
av
io
u
r
al
i
n
ten
tio
n
to
ac
ce
p
t c
lo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
.
d.
Awa
r
en
ess
Awa
r
en
ess
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
ex
ten
t
to
wh
ich
a
p
er
s
o
n
is
awa
r
e
o
f
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
ap
p
licatio
n
s
s
er
v
ices.
I
m
p
lem
en
tin
g
in
n
o
v
atio
n
will
n
o
t
wo
r
k
u
n
less
t
h
e
in
n
o
v
ati
o
n
is
u
s
ed
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
is
ess
en
ti
al
to
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
p
eo
p
le
with
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
n
ew
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
s
h
o
u
ld
n
o
t
o
n
ly
b
e
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
ed
to
u
s
er
s
b
u
t
also
th
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
to
b
e
u
tili
s
ed
.
W
h
en
u
s
er
s
r
ea
li
s
e
th
e
b
en
ef
its
o
f
o
n
e
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
th
e
y
ar
e
m
o
tiv
ated
an
d
attem
p
t
to
u
s
e
it.
Hen
ce
,
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
th
at:
H9
.
A
war
en
ess
h
as
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
b
e
h
av
io
u
r
al
in
ten
tio
n
to
ac
ce
p
t c
lo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
.
4.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
Qu
an
titativ
e
d
ata
wer
e
c
o
llected
u
s
in
g
a
q
u
esti
o
n
n
ai
r
e,
a
n
d
Sm
ar
tPLS
3
.
2
s
o
f
twar
e
wa
s
u
s
ed
to
an
aly
s
e
th
e
d
ata
an
d
v
alid
ate
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
m
o
d
el.
Ho
we
v
er
,
b
ef
o
r
e
t
h
at,
th
r
ee
ac
tiv
ities
n
e
ed
to
b
e
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
r
esear
ch
o
b
jectiv
es
ar
e
m
et.
T
h
ese
ac
ti
v
ities
in
clu
d
e
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t,
s
am
p
le
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
,
an
d
d
ata
co
llectio
n
.
B
esid
es,
co
m
m
o
n
m
eth
o
d
b
ias
is
a
ls
o
em
p
h
asis
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
as
it
in
v
o
lv
es
s
in
g
le
-
s
o
u
r
ce
r
esear
ch
.
4
.
1
.
I
ns
t
rum
ent
dev
elo
pm
en
t
B
ased
o
n
th
e
s
ev
en
f
ac
to
r
s
i
n
clu
d
ed
in
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
m
o
d
el,
th
e
i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
t
was
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
to
co
l
lect
d
ata.
I
tem
s
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
f
o
r
ea
ch
f
ac
to
r
wer
e
ad
o
p
ted
f
r
o
m
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
an
d
h
ad
g
o
n
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
v
alid
ity
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
wh
ich
wer
e
f
ac
e
v
al
id
ity
a
n
d
ex
p
er
t c
o
n
te
n
t v
alid
ity
[
3
7
]
.
4
.
2
.
Sa
m
ple
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
p
o
p
u
latio
n
c
o
m
p
r
is
es
o
f
Ma
lay
s
ian
p
u
b
lic
s
ec
to
r
s
'
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
wh
o
a
r
e
u
s
in
g
My
Go
v
UC
ap
p
licatio
n
s
er
v
ices.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize,
th
e
G*
Po
wer
s
o
f
twar
e
h
as
b
e
en
u
s
ed
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
m
in
i
m
u
m
r
eq
u
ir
ed
s
am
p
l
e
s
ize
with
ef
f
ec
t
s
ize
m
ed
iu
m
(
0
.
1
5
)
,
t
h
e
p
o
we
r
n
ee
d
e
d
as
0
.
8
an
d
elev
en
p
r
ed
i
ca
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
m
in
im
u
m
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
n
ee
d
ed
is
1
1
4
.
T
h
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
s
am
p
le
is
a
p
u
b
lic
s
ec
to
r
s
taf
f
co
m
p
r
is
in
g
v
ar
io
u
s
p
o
s
itio
n
s
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
ag
e
n
cies
th
at
u
s
e
My
Go
v
UC
s
er
v
ices
in
th
eir
d
aily
wo
r
k
.
R
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
m
u
s
t b
e
o
f
th
o
s
e
wh
o
h
av
e
ac
ce
s
s
to
My
Go
v
UC
an
d
ar
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
in
u
s
in
g
My
Go
v
UC
.
A
co
n
v
en
ie
n
ce
s
am
p
lin
g
a
n
d
s
n
o
wb
all
tech
n
iq
u
e
wer
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
as
th
e
y
h
elp
e
d
m
ak
e
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
m
ater
ial
ea
s
ier
t
o
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
to
tar
g
et
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
C
o
n
v
en
ien
ce
s
am
p
lin
g
is
a
ty
p
e
o
f
s
am
p
lin
g
wh
e
r
eb
y
r
ec
r
u
itin
g
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
th
at
a
r
e
m
o
s
t
ea
s
i
ly
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
[
3
8
]
.
Sn
o
wb
all
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
e
i
n
v
o
lv
es
th
e
r
ec
r
u
itm
en
t
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
wh
o
in
tu
r
n
,
r
ec
r
u
it o
th
e
r
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
4
.
3
.
Da
t
a
c
o
llect
io
n
T
h
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
was
d
o
n
e
v
ia
th
r
ee
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
wh
ich
ar
e
s
u
r
v
ey
in
g
u
s
in
g
G
o
o
g
le
Fo
r
m
,
em
ailin
g
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
to
th
e
p
u
b
lic
r
elatio
n
s
o
f
f
icer
(
PR
O)
o
f
ea
ch
m
in
is
tr
y
f
o
r
th
e
escalatio
n
with
in
th
e
m
in
is
tr
y
as
well
as
d
is
tr
ib
u
tin
g
th
e
p
ap
er
s
u
r
v
e
y
s
at
t
h
e
m
i
n
is
tr
y
o
f
f
ic
es.
A
to
tal
o
f
2
0
0
p
a
p
er
s
u
r
v
e
y
s
wer
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
,
an
d
1
9
0
f
o
r
m
s
wer
e
r
etu
r
n
ed
(
9
5
%
r
esp
o
n
s
e
r
ate)
.
A
to
t
al
o
f
1
6
9
r
esp
o
n
s
es
wer
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
f
r
o
m
Go
o
g
le
f
o
r
m
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
a
t
o
tal
o
f
3
5
9
r
esp
o
n
s
es.
T
h
is
r
esp
o
n
s
e
r
ate
is
ab
o
v
e
B
ar
u
c
h
'
s
[
3
9
]
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
o
f
b
etwe
en
5
0
%
an
d
8
0
%
f
o
r
a
n
o
v
er
all
s
u
r
v
ey
r
esp
o
n
s
e.
On
ly
eig
h
t
r
esp
o
n
s
es
wer
e
r
ejec
ted
f
o
r
n
o
t
m
e
etin
g
th
e
s
et
cr
iter
ia
an
d
h
av
i
n
g
in
co
m
p
lete
an
s
wer
s
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
a
to
tal
o
f
3
5
1
v
alid
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
with
a
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
r
ate
o
f
9
4
%
wer
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
f
u
r
t
h
er
d
ata
a
n
al
y
s
is
.
T
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
'
p
r
o
f
ile
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
is
s
h
o
wn
in
T
a
b
le
2
.
4
.
3
.
Co
mm
o
n m
e
t
ho
d bia
s
Me
th
o
d
b
ias
ca
n
b
e
a
n
is
s
u
e
s
i
n
ce
th
e
d
ata
c
o
llectio
n
o
n
ly
in
v
o
lv
ed
a
s
in
g
le
s
o
u
r
ce
.
Har
m
a
n
'
s
s
i
n
g
le
f
ac
to
r
test
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
to
d
eter
m
in
e
wh
et
h
er
b
ias
was
o
n
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
ai
r
e
d
ata.
B
ias
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
w
h
en
Har
m
an
'
s
s
in
g
le
f
ac
to
r
test
r
e
s
u
lted
in
th
e
v
ar
ia
n
ce
v
al
u
e
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
4
0
%
[
4
0
]
.
I
n
th
is
r
esear
ch
,
Har
m
a
n
’
s
s
in
g
le
f
ac
to
r
test
s
h
o
wed
th
at
th
e
f
ir
s
t
f
ac
to
r
h
ad
a
v
alu
e
o
f
3
7
.
1
0
%
v
a
r
ian
ce
(
less
th
an
th
e
4
0
%
lim
it
o
f
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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et
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p
lin
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2
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T
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=
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D
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n
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39
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A
c
a
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mi
c
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u
a
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f
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c
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t
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o
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m
a
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a
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15
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r
s
40
5.
DATA AN
AL
Y
SI
S A
ND
RE
SUL
T
S
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
em
p
lo
y
s
a
PLS
-
SE
M
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
in
f
lu
en
ce
a
u
s
er
'
s
in
ten
tio
n
to
ac
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No
te:
Crit
e
ria:
d
isc
rimin
a
n
t
v
a
li
d
i
ty
is es
tab
li
s
h
e
d
a
t
HT
M
T
0.
85
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
C
lo
u
d
co
mp
u
tin
g
a
cc
ep
t
a
n
ce
a
mo
n
g
p
u
b
l
ic
s
ec
to
r
emp
lo
ye
e
s
(
Mo
h
d
Ta
lmiz
ie
A
mro
n
)
131
T
ab
le
5
.
Path
co
e
f
f
icien
t r
esu
l
t
H
y
p
o
t
h
e
s
e
s
R
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
β
SE
t
-
v
a
l
u
e
p
-
v
a
l
u
e
D
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
H1
P
ER
→
B
EH
0
.
2
3
5
0
.
0
7
1
3
.
3
2
4
0
.
0
0
0
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
H2
EFF
→
B
EH
0
.
0
8
1
0
.
0
6
1
1
.
3
2
0
0
.
0
9
3
U
n
su
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
H3
C
O
M
→
B
EH
0
.
1
2
3
0
.
0
7
1
1
.
7
3
1
0
.
0
4
2
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
H4
S
EC
→
B
EH
-
0
.
1
3
6
0
.
0
4
6
2
.
9
4
3
0
.
0
0
2
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
H5
M
O
B
→
B
EH
0
.
4
2
9
0
.
0
5
3
8
.
0
5
1
0
.
0
0
0
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
H6
I
TK
→
B
EH
0
.
0
8
6
0
.
0
4
4
1
.
9
3
8
0
.
0
2
6
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
H7
TO
P
→
B
EH
-
0
.
0
2
7
0
.
0
6
1
0
.
4
3
4
0
.
3
3
2
U
n
su
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
H8
S
O
C
→
B
EH
0
.
1
8
0
0
.
0
6
8
2
.
6
6
7
0
.
0
0
4
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
H9
A
W
E
→
B
EH
-
0
.
0
2
7
0
.
0
5
3
0
.
5
0
9
0
.
3
0
5
U
n
su
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
H
1
0
B
EH
→
U
S
E
0
.
6
2
6
0
.
0
4
4
1
4
.
3
8
0
0
.
0
0
0
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
T
ab
le
6
.
R
esu
lt
o
f
th
e
e
f
f
ec
t size
o
f
ea
ch
h
y
p
o
th
esis
P
a
t
h
R
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
f
2
D
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
R
2
Q
2
H1
P
ER
→
B
EH
0
.
0
5
4
S
mal
l
H3
C
O
M
→
B
EH
0
.
0
1
4
S
mal
l
H4
S
EC
→
B
EH
0
.
0
2
9
S
mal
l
H5
M
O
B
→
B
EH
0
.
2
8
5
M
e
d
i
u
m
H6
I
TK
→
B
EH
0
.
0
1
3
S
mal
l
H8
S
O
C
→
B
EH
0
.
0
3
1
S
mal
l
H
1
0
B
EH
→
U
S
E
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
0
.
6
3
2
0
.
5
6
7
A
c
t
u
a
l
U
se
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
0
.
3
5
9
0
.
2
9
1
Fo
r
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
s
ize,
th
e
(
2
)
r
ep
r
e
s
en
ts
th
e
r
elativ
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
an
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
les
o
n
a
d
e
p
en
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
le.
As s
et
b
y
[
4
5
]
,
th
e
2
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
0
.
0
2
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
s
m
all
to
m
ed
iu
m
,
0
.
1
5
r
ep
r
e
s
en
ts
m
ed
iu
m
to
lar
g
e,
an
d
0
.
3
5
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
lar
g
e
ef
f
ec
t.
T
h
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
te
d
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
v
ar
iab
les
(
PER,
2
=
0
.
054
;
C
OM
,
2
=
0
.
014
;
SEC,
2
=
0
.
029
;
I
T
K,
2
=
0
.
013
;
SOC
,
2
=
0
.
031
)
h
av
e
s
m
all
ef
f
ec
t
s
ize
o
n
th
e
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
v
ar
iab
le.
T
h
er
e
is
o
n
ly
MO
B
(
2
=
0
.
285
)
th
at
h
as
a
m
e
d
iu
m
ef
f
ec
t
s
ize
o
n
th
e
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
a
r
iab
le.
T
h
e
R
2
f
o
r
b
e
h
av
io
u
r
al
in
ten
ti
o
n
an
d
ac
tu
al
u
s
e
is
0
.
6
3
2
a
n
d
0
.
3
5
9
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
wh
ich
is
a
cc
ep
tab
le.
6.
DIS
CU
SS
I
O
N
Sev
er
al
in
s
ig
h
tf
u
l
r
esu
lts
ca
n
b
e
s
u
m
m
ar
is
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
I
n
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
co
n
tex
t,
th
e
in
ten
tio
n
to
em
b
r
a
ce
clo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
tin
g
is
p
o
s
itiv
ely
lin
k
e
d
to
f
o
u
r
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
(
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ex
p
ec
ta
n
cy
,
c
o
m
p
atib
ilit
y
,
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
an
d
m
o
b
ilit
y
)
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
u
n
d
er
p
i
n
s
ev
er
al
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
[
1
2
,
3
1
,
3
4
]
.
M
o
b
ilit
y
(
=
0
.
429
,
2
=
0
.
285
)
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
f
ac
to
r
af
f
ec
tin
g
th
e
in
te
n
tio
n
o
f
ac
c
ep
t
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
b
ased
o
n
ef
f
ec
t
s
ize
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
is
m
ay
r
esu
lt
d
u
e
to
th
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
e
ac
h
em
p
lo
y
ee
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
d
ev
ices
s
u
ch
as
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
es
an
d
tab
lets
,
wh
ic
h
m
ak
es
i
t
ea
s
y
f
o
r
th
em
t
o
ac
ce
s
s
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
ey
n
ee
d
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e
,
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
f
u
r
th
e
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
an
d
o
r
g
an
is
atio
n
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
s
m
o
o
th
er
m
o
b
ile
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
f
o
r
c
o
n
s
u
m
er
s
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
ac
h
iev
e
m
o
r
e
a
d
v
an
ta
g
es b
y
u
s
in
g
t
h
is
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
r
esu
lt
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ex
p
ec
ta
n
cy
with
=
0
.
235
an
d
2
=
0
.
054
,
wh
ich
h
as
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
elatio
n
to
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
co
n
f
ir
m
t
h
e
o
u
tco
m
es
an
d
r
esu
lts
o
f
o
th
er
s
ch
o
lar
s
[
2
4
,
2
6
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
af
f
ec
t
th
e
in
te
n
tio
n
o
f
ac
ce
p
tin
g
cl
o
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
.
W
ith
th
e
o
p
tim
is
m
an
d
p
o
s
itiv
e
attitu
d
e
to
war
d
s
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
c
o
n
s
u
m
er
s
will b
e
m
o
r
e
co
m
f
o
r
ta
b
le
d
o
in
g
g
o
o
d
w
o
r
k
an
d
ac
h
iev
e
b
etter
wo
r
k
q
u
ality
.
An
ex
ce
ll
en
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
will
lead
to
o
v
er
all
o
r
g
an
is
atio
n
al
ex
ce
llen
ce
.
W
h
ile
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
an
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
h
av
e
a
p
o
s
i
tiv
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
with
th
e
ac
ce
p
t
an
ce
o
f
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
with
=
0
.
123
an
d
2
=
0
.
014
,
an
d
=
−
0
.
136
an
d
2
=
0
.
029
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
it
s
till
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
b
eh
av
io
u
r
al
i
n
ten
tio
n
.
T
h
is
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
er
e
is
s
till
a
s
en
s
e
o
f
u
n
ea
s
in
ess
an
d
co
n
ce
r
n
f
o
r
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
co
m
p
atib
le
with
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t w
o
r
k
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t a
n
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
o
f
f
er
ed
.
Ho
wev
er
,
two
f
ac
to
r
s
(
to
p
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t a
n
d
awa
r
e
n
ess
)
th
at
wer
e
ex
p
ec
ted
to
b
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
d
id
n
o
t
o
cc
u
r
i
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
t
o
p
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
ac
to
r
s
s
h
o
wed
a
n
o
n
-
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t
r
elati
o
n
s
h
ip
to
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
ac
ce
p
ta
n
ce
d
en
y
in
g
s
tu
d
ies
f
r
o
m
Alh
a
r
b
i
et
a
l.
[
2
9
]
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
th
is
f
in
d
i
n
g
is
c
o
n
s
is
ten
t
with
s
tu
d
ies
b
y
T
aju
d
ee
n
[
4
6
]
.
T
h
is
m
ay
b
e
s
o
d
u
e
to
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
’
f
ee
lin
g
th
at
th
eir
to
p
m
an
a
g
em
en
t is
n
o
t p
la
y
in
g
a
r
o
le
in
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
clar
ity
a
n
d
is
less
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
w
h
en
th
e
y
ar
e
h
av
in
g
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
Un
f
o
r
tu
n
atel
y
,
th
e
awa
r
en
ess
f
ac
to
r
also
d
o
es
n
o
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
h
y
p
o
t
h
esis
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
is
f
ac
to
r
is
h
ig
h
lig
h
te
d
in
th
e
im
p
ac
t
r
ep
o
r
t
o
f
th
e
I
C
T
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
au
th
o
r
ities
in
Ma
lay
s
ia,
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
ws
th
at
awa
r
en
ess
d
o
es
n
o
t
af
f
ec
t
th
e
in
ten
tio
n
o
f
ac
ce
p
tin
g
clo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
tin
g
in
th
e
p
u
b
lic
s
ec
to
r
.
Ho
wev
er
,
it
ca
n
b
e
co
n
clu
d
e
d
th
at
d
esp
ite
s
o
m
e
n
o
n
-
s
ig
n
if
i
ca
n
t
f
ac
to
r
s
,
ef
f
o
r
ts
to
co
n
tin
u
e
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
ap
p
licatio
n
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
co
n
tin
u
ed
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
ac
cu
r
ate
d
is
clo
s
u
r
es
an
d
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
b
o
u
t
th
is
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
1
:
1
2
4
-
13
3
132
7.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
AND
F
U
T
U
RE
RE
SE
ARCH
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
to
id
en
tify
t
h
e
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
,
wh
ich
ca
n
af
f
ec
t
th
e
cl
o
u
d
-
b
ased
ap
p
licatio
n
s
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
Ma
lay
s
ian
p
u
b
lic
s
ec
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
r
aised
in
th
e
MA
MPU
r
ep
o
r
t
ca
n
b
e
ad
d
r
ess
ed
b
y
id
e
n
tify
in
g
f
ac
t
o
r
s
th
at
in
f
l
u
en
ce
th
e
Ma
lay
s
ian
p
u
b
lic
s
ec
to
r
to
ac
ce
p
t
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
s
e
r
v
ices.
Su
ch
v
a
r
iab
les
ar
e
ev
alu
ate
d
with
th
e
s
tu
d
y
m
o
d
el,
an
d
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
test
r
es
u
lts
will
b
e
tak
e
n
i
n
to
ac
c
o
u
n
t
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
cl
o
u
d
s
e
r
v
ices.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
m
o
d
el
with
t
h
e
UT
A
UT
an
d
o
th
er
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ac
to
r
s
to
in
v
est
ig
ate
u
s
er
b
eh
av
io
u
r
s
to
war
d
s
th
e
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
o
f
clo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
tin
g
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
af
f
ec
ts
u
s
er
’
s
in
ten
tio
n
d
ir
ec
tly
an
d
p
o
s
itiv
ely
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
h
as id
en
tifie
d
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
o
f
u
s
er
’
s
in
ten
tio
n
o
f
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
ac
ce
p
ta
n
ce
s
u
c
h
as
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ex
p
ec
tan
c
y
,
ef
f
o
r
t
ex
p
ec
tan
c
y
,
c
o
m
p
atib
ilit
y
,
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
m
o
b
ilit
y
,
I
T
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
to
p
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
s
o
cial
in
f
lu
en
ce
,
an
d
awa
r
en
ess
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
SEM
r
ev
ea
l
th
at
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ex
p
ec
tan
c
y
,
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
,
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
an
d
m
o
b
ilit
y
h
av
e
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
f
l
u
en
ce
o
n
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
h
as
also
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
I
T
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
an
d
s
o
cial
in
f
lu
en
ce
ar
e
t
h
e
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
en
h
an
ce
u
s
er
'
s
in
ten
tio
n
b
eh
av
i
o
u
r
to
war
d
s
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
cl
o
u
d
-
b
ased
ap
p
licatio
n
s
er
v
ices.
Fo
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
wo
r
k
,
it
is
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
th
at
two
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
t
o
co
m
p
lete
th
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
co
m
m
o
n
m
eth
o
d
b
ias
is
s
u
es.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
is
r
esear
ch
h
as
em
p
lo
y
ed
a
q
u
an
titativ
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
an
d
wo
r
k
will b
e
d
o
n
e
in
t
h
e
f
u
tu
r
e
t
o
e
v
alu
ate
th
e
m
o
d
el
b
y
a
p
p
ly
in
g
b
o
th
th
e
q
u
alitativ
e
an
d
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
W
ith
th
ese
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
it
m
ay
b
e
h
elp
f
u
l
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
m
o
r
e
in
-
d
ep
th
ex
p
lan
atio
n
o
f
th
e
q
u
an
titativ
e
s
tu
d
ies
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
e
q
u
alitativ
e
p
ar
t
m
ay
in
clu
d
e
in
ter
v
iew
s
ess
io
n
s
an
d
v
er
if
icatio
n
o
f
q
u
an
titativ
e
r
esear
ch
r
esu
lts
b
y
s
ev
er
al
ex
p
e
r
ts
in
r
elate
d
f
ie
ld
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
C
I
Os o
f
t
h
e
p
u
b
lic
s
ec
to
r
ag
en
cies.
R
E
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
S
.
M
o
k
we
n
a
a
n
d
C.
Hle
b
e
la,
“
F
a
c
to
rs
a
ffe
c
ti
n
g
t
h
e
a
d
o
p
t
io
n
o
f
so
f
twa
re
a
s
a
se
rv
ice
in
so
u
t
h
a
frica
n
sm
a
ll
m
e
d
iu
m
e
n
terp
rise
s
,
”
2
0
1
8
Op
e
n
I
n
n
o
v
.
C
o
n
f.
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
Oc
to
b
e
r
2
0
1
8
.
[2
]
M
.
T.
M
.
Am
ro
n
,
R
.
Ib
ra
h
im,
a
n
d
S
.
Ch
u
p
ra
t,
“
A
re
v
iew
o
n
c
lo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
a
c
c
e
p
tan
c
e
fa
c
to
rs,”
Pro
c
e
d
ia
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l.
1
2
4
,
p
p
.
6
3
9
-
6
4
6
,
2
0
1
7
.
[3
]
ACCA
,
“
Clo
u
d
Re
a
d
in
e
ss
In
d
e
x
2
0
1
8
,
”
Asi
a
C
o
u
l
d
Co
m
p
u
t
in
g
As
so
c
i
a
ti
o
n
,
2
0
1
8
[4
]
M
AMP
U,
“
Th
e
M
a
lay
sia
n
P
u
b
li
c
S
e
c
to
r
ICT
S
trate
g
ic P
la
n
2
0
1
6
-
2
0
2
0
,
”
2
0
1
6
.
[5
]
M
AMP
U,
“
Re
p
o
rt
o
n
t
h
e
p
re
se
n
t
a
ti
o
n
o
f
f
in
d
in
g
s
a
n
d
a
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
i
m
p
a
c
t
stu
d
ies
(in
Ba
h
a
sa
:
Lap
o
ra
n
p
e
m
b
e
n
tan
g
a
n
d
a
p
a
tan
d
a
n
a
n
a
li
sis k
a
ji
a
n
imp
a
k
)
,
”
2
0
1
8
.
[O
n
li
n
e
].
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
:/
/www
.
1
g
o
v
u
c
.
g
o
v
.
m
y
/
d
o
c
/S
laid
Ka
ji
a
n
Im
p
a
k
Tec
h
Talk
.
p
d
f.
[Ac
c
e
ss
e
d
:
2
7
-
M
a
y
-
2
0
1
9
].
[6
]
P
.
M
e
ll
a
n
d
T.
G
ra
n
c
e
,
“
Cl
o
u
d
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
De
fin
it
io
n
,
”
Clo
u
d
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
2
0
0
9
.
[On
l
in
e
].
Av
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
:
//
c
src
.
n
ist.
g
o
v
/g
r
o
u
p
s/S
NS/
c
l
o
u
d
-
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
.
[7
]
Rig
h
t
S
c
a
le,
“
2
0
1
9
S
tate
o
f
th
e
Cl
o
u
d
Re
p
o
rt,
”
Fl
e
x
e
ra
,
2
0
1
9
.
[O
n
li
n
e
].
Av
a
il
a
b
le:
h
t
tp
s://
ww
w.ri
g
h
tsc
a
le.co
m
/p
re
ss
-
re
lea
se
s/rig
h
tsc
a
le
-
2018
-
sta
te
-
of
-
t
h
e
-
c
lo
u
d
-
re
p
o
r
t.
[Ac
c
e
ss
e
d
:
0
3
-
A
p
r
-
2
0
1
9
].
[8
]
K.
Kre
ll
,
S
.
M
a
t
o
o
k
,
a
n
d
F
.
R
o
h
d
e
,
“
Th
e
imp
a
c
t
o
f
leg
it
ima
c
y
-
b
a
se
d
m
o
ti
v
e
s
o
n
IS
a
d
o
p
ti
o
n
su
c
c
e
ss
:
An
i
n
stit
u
ti
o
n
a
l
th
e
o
ry
p
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
,
”
I
n
f.
M
a
n
a
g
.
,
v
o
l.
5
3
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
6
8
3
-
6
9
7
,
2
0
1
6
.
[9
]
F
.
D.
Da
v
is,
“
P
e
rc
e
iv
e
d
u
se
fu
ln
e
s
s,
p
e
rc
e
iv
e
d
e
a
se
o
f
u
se
,
a
n
d
u
se
r
a
c
c
e
p
tan
c
e
o
f
in
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
”
M
I
S
Q.
,
v
o
l.
1
3
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
3
1
9
-
3
4
0
,
1
9
8
9
.
[1
0
]
N.
Alk
h
a
ter,
R.
Walters
,
a
n
d
G
.
Wi
ll
s,
“
An
e
m
p
ir
ica
l
stu
d
y
o
f
f
a
c
to
rs
in
fl
u
e
n
c
in
g
c
l
o
u
d
a
d
o
p
ti
o
n
a
m
o
n
g
p
riv
a
te
se
c
to
r
o
rg
a
n
isa
ti
o
n
s,”
T
e
lem
a
t.
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
3
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
8
-
5
4
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
1
]
A.
G
o
d
d
a
rd
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
Th
e
two
p
u
b
l
i
c
s
a
n
d
in
stit
u
ti
o
n
a
l
th
e
o
r
y
–
A
stu
d
y
o
f
p
u
b
li
c
se
c
to
r
a
c
c
o
u
n
ti
n
g
i
n
Tan
z
a
n
ia,”
Crit.
Per
sp
e
c
t.
Acc
o
u
n
t
.
,
v
o
l.
4
0
,
p
p
.
8
-
2
5
,
Oc
t
o
b
e
r
2
0
1
6
.
[1
2
]
M
.
A.
Al
-
S
h
a
ra
fi,
R.
A.
Ars
h
a
h
,
a
n
d
E.
A.
Ab
u
-
S
h
a
n
a
b
,
“
F
a
c
to
rs
i
n
flu
e
n
c
in
g
th
e
c
o
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
u
se
o
f
c
l
o
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
t
in
g
se
rv
ice
s in
o
r
g
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
lev
e
l
,
”
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
s in
Ima
g
e
Pr
o
c
e
ss
in
g
,
p
p
.
1
8
9
-
1
9
4
,
2
0
1
7
.
[
1
3
]
F
.
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
,
O
.
I
b
r
a
h
i
m
,
a
n
d
N
.
I
t
h
n
i
n
,
“
F
a
c
t
o
r
s
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
i
n
g
c
l
o
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
a
d
o
p
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
e
-
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g
c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
.
I
n
s
t
r
u
m
e
n
t
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
,
”
J
.
S
y
s
t
.
I
n
f
.
T
e
c
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4
]
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.
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is
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b
e
i
n
a
n
d
I.
Ajz
e
n
,
“
Be
li
e
f,
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tu
d
e
,
I
n
ten
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Be
h
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v
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r:
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In
tr
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d
Re
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d
is
o
n
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y
,
1
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7
5
.
[1
5
]
I.
Ajz
e
n
,
“
Th
e
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p
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v
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o
r
,
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a
n
.
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v
.
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m.
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.
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o
l
.
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0
,
p
p
.
1
7
9
-
2
1
1
,
1
9
9
1
.
[1
6
]
E.
M
.
R
o
g
e
rs,
“
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sio
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o
f
In
n
o
v
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ti
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s,
3
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it
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rk
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e
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e
Pre
ss
,
1
9
8
3
.
[1
7
]
D.
L.
G
o
o
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h
u
e
,
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L.
Th
o
m
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so
n
,
“
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1
9
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o
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2
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1
9
9
5
.
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8
]
V.
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n
k
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,
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a
l
.
,
“
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IS
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.
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,
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7
8
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e
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2
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0
3
.
[1
9
]
A.
H.
Ch
a
p
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t
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la
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n
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S
.
M
u
tu
la,
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e
Re
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rsity
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a
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i
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Hi
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2
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8
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.
[2
0
]
C.
M
.
Ch
a
o
,
“
F
a
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e
term
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in
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a
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a
n
d
e
x
ten
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f
th
e
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T
m
o
d
e
l
,
”
Fro
n
t.
Psy
c
h
o
l.
,
Ju
l
y
2
0
1
9
.
[2
1
]
R.
J.
Ra
ja
Yu
s
o
f,
A.
Qa
z
i,
a
n
d
I.
In
a
y
a
t,
“
S
t
u
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e
n
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re
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l
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ti
m
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li
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las
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t.
J
.
I
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1
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.
[2
2
]
N.
M
.
P
a
tel,
e
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a
l
.
,
“
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-
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,
”
Op
e
n
In
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v
.
Co
n
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,
p
p
.
3
2
0
-
3
2
4
,
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to
b
e
r
2
0
1
8
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
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133
[2
3
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J.
A.
L
.
Ye
a
p
,
E.
H.
T
.
Ya
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p
,
a
n
d
C.
Ba
lak
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n
a
,
“
Us
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4
]
M
.
F
.
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ra
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l
.
,
“
M
o
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se
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t
.
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.
3
6
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o
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p
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1
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2
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.
[2
5
]
H.
S
h
a
rm
a
a
n
d
S
.
P
.
P
il
lai,
“
S
o
c
ial
m
e
d
ia
tec
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y
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y
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p
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l
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n
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ly
sis,”
J
.
In
t
.
E
d
u
c
.
Bu
s.
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
2
,
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p
.
1
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7
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1
6
3
,
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e
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2
0
1
7
.
[2
6
]
M
.
Arif,
K.
Am
e
e
n
,
a
n
d
M
.
Ra
fiq
,
“
F
a
c
to
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a
ffe
c
ti
n
g
stu
d
e
n
t
u
se
o
f
Web
-
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se
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s:
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p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
UTAU
T
in
th
e
P
a
k
istan
i
c
o
n
tex
t,
”
E
lec
tro
n
.
L
ib
r.
,
v
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l.
3
6
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n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
5
1
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3
4
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M
a
y
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0
1
8
.
[2
7
]
Y.
Zh
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Ex
p
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a
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in
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,
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g
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t
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d
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l.
1
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o
.
1
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p
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5
6
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8
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ry
2
0
1
8
.
[2
8
]
S
.
Ra
h
i
a
n
d
M
.
Ab
d
.
G
h
a
n
i,
“
Th
e
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f
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AU
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p
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ts
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b
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k
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g
a
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ti
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n
,
”
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o
rl
d
J
.
S
c
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h
n
o
l
.
S
u
sta
i
n
.
De
v
.
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
9
]
F
.
Alh
a
rb
i
,
A.
Atk
i
n
s,
a
n
d
C
.
S
tan
ier,
“
Un
d
e
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n
d
in
g
th
e
d
e
ter
m
in
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n
ts
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f
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g
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ti
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n
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a
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d
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h
e
a
lt
h
c
a
re
o
rg
a
n
isa
ti
o
n
s,”
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o
mp
l
e
x
In
tell.
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y
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,
v
o
l.
2
,
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o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
7
,
Ju
ly
2
0
1
6
.
[3
0
]
K.
Bo
z
a
n
,
K.
P
a
rk
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n
d
B.
Da
v
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y
,
“
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c
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t
t
h
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so
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e
n
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t
in
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h
e
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o
d
e
l:
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in
stit
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l
th
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d
a
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”
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n
n
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.
Ha
wa
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In
t
.
Co
n
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S
y
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S
c
i.
,
p
p
.
3
1
0
5
-
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4
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2
0
1
6
.
[3
1
]
H.
S
a
ll
e
h
u
d
in
,
R
.
C.
Ra
z
a
k
,
a
n
d
M
.
Ism
a
il
,
“
F
a
c
to
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in
flu
e
n
c
in
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c
lo
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d
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p
u
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p
ti
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i
n
th
e
p
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li
c
se
c
to
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a
n
e
m
p
iri
c
a
l
a
n
a
ly
sis,
”
J
.
En
tre
p
.
B
u
s.
,
v
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l.
3
,
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o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
0
-
4
5
,
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n
e
2
0
1
5
.
[3
2
]
I.
O.
fo
r
S
.
IS
O/IEC
2
7
0
0
2
:2
0
1
3
,
“
In
fo
rm
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ti
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tec
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e
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ra
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e
fo
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ti
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se
c
u
rit
y
c
o
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tro
ls,”
2
0
1
3
.
[3
3
]
K.
P
.
S
i
n
g
h
,
V.
Rish
iwa
l,
a
n
d
P
.
Ku
m
a
r,
“
Clas
sifi
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
d
a
ta
to
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h
a
n
c
e
d
a
ta
se
c
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in
c
lo
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p
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,
”
3
rd
In
ter
n
a
t
io
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C
o
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fer
e
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e
On
In
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o
f
T
h
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g
s
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
F
e
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u
a
ry
2
0
1
8
.
[3
4
]
S
.
M
.
Taib
,
R.
De
Co
ste
r,
a
n
d
J.
Ny
a
m
u
,
“
In
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
d
iff
u
sio
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ra
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le
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p
u
ti
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:
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,
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in
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
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a
l
Co
n
fer
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c
e
o
n
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
o
c
iety
,
p
p
.
9
7
-
1
0
1
,
Oc
t
o
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e
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2
0
1
6
.
[3
5
]
S
.
S
a
x
e
n
a
,
“
En
h
a
n
c
in
g
ICT
in
fra
stru
c
tu
re
in
p
u
b
li
c
se
rv
ice
s:
F
a
c
to
rs
in
flu
e
n
c
in
g
m
o
b
il
e
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
(m
-
g
o
v
e
rn
m
e
n
t)
a
d
o
p
t
io
n
in
In
d
ia,”
Bo
tt
o
m
L
in
e
,
v
o
l.
3
0
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
7
9
-
2
9
6
,
S
e
p
te
m
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e
r
2
0
1
7
.
[3
6
]
H.
P
.
Bo
rg
m
a
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Clo
u
d
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ise
:
Ex
p
l
o
ri
n
g
c
lo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
a
d
o
p
ti
o
n
a
n
d
g
o
v
e
rn
a
n
c
e
with
t
h
e
TOE
fra
m
e
wo
rk
,
”
An
n
u
a
l
Ha
wa
ii
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
S
y
ste
m S
c
ien
c
e
s
,
2
0
1
3
,
p
p
.
4
4
2
5
-
4
4
3
5
,
Ja
n
u
a
ry
2
0
1
3
.
[3
7
]
M
.
T.
Am
ro
n
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
T
h
e
v
a
li
d
it
y
a
n
d
re
li
a
b
il
it
y
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
i
n
s
tru
m
e
n
ts
fo
r
c
lo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
a
c
c
e
p
tan
c
e
stu
d
y
,
”
in
6
th
I
EE
E
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
(ICIM
2
0
2
0
)
,
M
a
rc
h
2
0
2
0
.
[3
8
]
G
.
S
a
ld
a
n
h
a
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
Da
ta co
ll
e
c
ti
o
n
u
sin
g
q
u
e
stio
n
n
a
ires
,
”
Res
e
a
rc
h
me
th
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
in
tra
n
sl
a
ti
o
n
st
u
d
ies
,
2
0
1
4
.
[3
9
]
Y.
Ba
ru
c
h
,
“
Re
sp
o
n
se
Ra
te i
n
Ac
a
d
e
m
ic S
tu
d
ies
,
”
Hu
m
a
n
Rela
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
5
2
,
n
o
.
4
.
p
p
.
4
2
1
-
4
3
8
,
Ap
r
il
1
9
9
9
.
[4
0
]
B.
J.
Ba
b
in
,
M
.
G
riff
in
,
a
n
d
J.
F
.
Ha
ir,
“
He
re
sie
s
a
n
d
sa
c
re
d
c
o
ws
in
sc
h
o
larl
y
m
a
rk
e
ti
n
g
p
u
b
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
J
.
Bu
s.
Res
.
,
v
o
l.
6
9
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
3
1
3
3
-
3
1
3
8
,
Au
g
u
st
2
0
1
6
.
[4
1
]
C.
B.
As
trac
h
a
n
,
V.
K.
P
a
tel,
a
n
d
G
.
Wan
z
e
n
ried
,
“
A
c
o
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
stu
d
y
o
f
CB
-
S
E
M
a
n
d
P
LS
-
S
EM
fo
r
th
e
o
r
y
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
in
fa
m
il
y
firm res
e
a
rc
h
,
”
J
.
Fa
m.
Bu
s.
S
tr
a
teg
.
,
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
1
6
-
1
2
8
,
M
a
rc
h
2
0
1
4
.
[4
2
]
T.
Ra
m
a
y
a
h
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
P
a
rti
a
l
lea
st
sq
u
a
r
e
s
stru
c
tu
ra
l
e
q
u
a
ti
o
n
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
(
P
LS
-
S
EM
),
”
Pa
rti
a
l
L
e
a
st
S
q
u
a
re
s
S
tr
u
c
tu
ra
l
Eq
u
a
ti
o
n
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
(P
L
S
-
S
EM
)
u
sin
g
S
ma
rtPL
S
3
.
0
,
2
n
d
e
d
.
,
P
e
a
rso
n
,
2
0
1
8
.
[4
3
]
J.
F
.
Ha
ir,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
L
S
-
S
EM
o
r
C
B
-
S
EM
:
u
p
d
a
ted
g
u
i
d
e
li
n
e
s o
n
w
h
ich
m
e
th
o
d
t
o
u
se
,
”
I
n
t.
J
.
M
u
lt
i
v
a
r.
Da
t
a
An
a
l.
,
v
o
l.
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
Ja
n
u
a
ry
2
0
1
7
.
[4
4
]
R.
B.
Klin
e
,
“
P
rin
c
i
p
les
a
n
d
p
ra
c
ti
c
e
o
f
str
u
c
tu
ra
l
e
q
u
a
ti
o
n
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
,
”
Prin
c
i
p
les
a
n
d
Pra
c
ti
c
e
o
f
S
tr
u
c
tu
ra
l
Eq
u
a
ti
o
n
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
,
3
rd
e
d
.
,
T
h
e
Gu
i
lf
o
r
d
Pre
ss
,
2
0
1
1
.
[4
5
]
J.
Co
h
e
n
,
“
S
tatisti
c
a
l
P
o
we
r
An
a
l
y
sis fo
r
t
h
e
Be
h
a
v
i
o
ra
l
S
c
ien
c
e
s,
”
2
n
d
e
d
.
L
a
wre
n
c
e
Erl
b
a
u
m A
ss
o
c
ia
tes
,
1
9
8
8
.
[4
6
]
F
.
P
.
Taju
d
e
e
n
,
N.
I.
Ja
a
fa
r,
a
n
d
S
.
Ain
i
n
,
“
Un
d
e
rsta
n
d
i
n
g
th
e
imp
a
c
t
o
f
so
c
ial
m
e
d
ia
u
sa
g
e
a
m
o
n
g
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
s,”
In
f.
M
a
n
a
g
.
,
v
o
l.
5
5
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
308
–
3
2
1
,
2
0
1
8
.
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