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All
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1.
Int
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La
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W
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tec
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ex
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p
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de
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ed
[
1
-
5]
pl
u
s
nu
m
erous
pl
a
na
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a
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nn
as
pres
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[
6
]
f
or
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al
l
ed
the
r
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l
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tor
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d
the
d
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tors
[12
].
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he
Y
a
gi
-
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a
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t
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n
a
i
s
di
r
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t
i
on
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t
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d
i
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l
e
i
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the
pl
an
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f
r
om
the
r
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tor
to
w
ar
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di
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t
or’s
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F
i
gu
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e
1 s
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w
s
t
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di
a
gra
m
o
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th
e g
r
ap
h
i
c
c
on
f
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gu
r
ati
on
of
a
Y
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a
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nn
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s
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f
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c
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s
i
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,
t
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al
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a
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ab
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to
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’
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l
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th
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m
al
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d
th
e
dri
v
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l
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t
ar
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s
m
al
l
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an
the
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t
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n
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b
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tors
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on
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f
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,
1
4].
T
he
r
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i
s
th
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e
l
em
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t
th
at
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5
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gth
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w
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na
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eq
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nc
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ter
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ba
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of
th
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f
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l
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t
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de
s
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n
[
15
,
16
].
T
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Y
ag
i
an
te
nn
a
i
s
k
no
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â—¼
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o
w
er
i
nte
r
f
erenc
e
i
n
th
at
pa
r
ti
c
u
l
ar
d
i
r
ec
ti
on
[
17
].
Des
i
gn
i
n
g
a
P
l
a
na
r
Y
a
gi
an
t
en
na
f
or
w
i
r
e
l
es
s
s
en
s
or
ne
twork
w
i
l
l
pro
du
c
e
a
c
om
pa
c
t
s
i
z
e
an
te
nn
a
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
s
u
i
ta
bl
e
f
or
i
ts
a
pp
l
i
c
at
i
on
.
B
es
i
d
es
,
a
m
ore
m
i
ni
atu
r
i
z
e
a
nd
c
o
m
pa
c
t
s
i
z
e
Y
ag
i
an
te
nn
a
c
an
b
e
ac
qu
i
r
ed
b
y
us
i
ng
f
r
ac
tal
tec
hn
i
qu
e
.
F
r
a
c
tal
s
tr
uc
ture
an
t
en
n
as
ha
v
e
be
en
prov
ed
to
ha
v
e
un
i
qu
e
ap
pe
ara
nc
e
an
d
f
ea
t
ures
r
el
ate
d
to
t
he
ge
om
etr
y
c
h
arac
teri
s
ti
c
s
of
f
r
ac
tal
.
In
r
ec
en
t
y
e
ars
,
m
an
y
an
t
en
n
a
c
on
f
i
gu
r
at
i
on
s
ha
v
e
b
ee
n
de
v
el
op
e
d
an
d
ex
pe
r
i
m
en
ted
o
n
f
r
ac
tal
ge
om
etri
es
[1
8
,
19
].
T
he
s
e
c
on
f
i
gu
r
at
i
on
s
ha
v
e
be
en
s
pe
c
i
f
i
c
al
l
y
he
l
pf
ul
i
n
m
i
ni
at
u
r
i
z
i
ng
the
s
i
z
e
of
th
e a
n
ten
na
[
20
].
B
en
oi
t
Ma
nd
el
br
ot
i
n
19
7
5
ori
gi
na
l
l
y
d
ef
i
ne
d
f
r
ac
tal
s
as
a
t
ec
hn
i
qu
e
of
c
l
as
s
i
f
y
i
ng
s
tr
uc
tures
w
ho
s
e
d
i
m
en
s
i
on
s
wer
e
no
t
w
h
ol
e
n
um
be
r
s
[2
1].
T
he
po
ten
t
i
a
l
to
i
m
prov
e
i
np
ut
m
atc
hi
ng
an
d red
uc
i
n
g t
he
s
i
z
e o
f
an
t
en
n
a
ha
v
e
be
e
n
r
ev
ea
l
e
d b
y
f
r
ac
tal
an
t
en
n
a
s
.
A
dd
i
ti
on
a
l
l
y
,
f
r
ac
tal
s
tr
uc
tures
an
ten
n
as
c
an
be
em
pl
o
y
e
d
i
n
a
v
ari
e
t
y
nu
m
be
r
of
ap
pl
i
c
ati
on
s
,
s
pe
c
i
f
i
c
al
l
y
f
or
l
i
m
i
ted
s
pa
c
e
are
a.
B
es
i
d
e
s
f
r
ac
tal
tec
hn
i
qu
e,
H
i
l
be
r
t
c
urv
e,
Mi
nk
ow
s
k
i
,
K
oc
h
c
u
r
v
e,
an
d
oth
er
s
tr
uc
tures
are
ef
f
ec
ti
v
el
y
to
r
ed
uc
e
a
nte
nn
a
s
i
z
e.
T
he
po
te
nti
al
i
ti
es
of
t
he
s
e
c
on
f
i
gu
r
ati
on
s
brin
g
m
a
s
s
i
v
e
i
n
teres
t
to
a
nte
nn
a
de
s
i
gn
s
i
nc
e
i
t
c
a
n
s
av
e
c
o
s
t
i
n
term
o
f
f
ab
r
i
c
ati
o
n
pro
c
es
s
an
d
al
s
o
s
pa
c
e [
22
].
T
h
e
be
ne
fi
t
to
a
di
po
l
e
an
te
nn
a
b
y
u
s
i
ng
fr
a
c
t
al
m
e
t
ho
d
c
an
r
e
du
c
e
th
e
to
t
al
he
i
g
h
t
o
f
t
h
e
an
t
en
na
r
e
s
on
an
c
e
.
T
h
e
g
eo
m
e
t
r
y
o
f
K
o
c
h
d
i
p
ol
e
i
s
s
h
ow
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
[
23
]
.
B
y
t
r
a
n
s
fo
r
m
i
n
g
the
m
i
d
d
l
e
thi
r
d
o
f
th
e
s
t
r
a
i
g
ht
pa
r
t
t
o
c
u
r
v
ed
o
r
an
gl
ed
p
a
r
t
o
f w
i
r
e
t
ha
t
s
pa
n
s
t
he
o
r
i
gi
na
l
th
i
r
d
,
a K
o
c
h
c
u
r
v
e
i
s
p
r
o
du
c
ed
.
E
v
e
r
y
i
te
r
a
ti
on
ad
d
s
l
e
ng
th
to
th
e
to
t
al
c
u
r
v
e
w
hi
c
h
p
r
od
u
c
e
s
i
n
a
to
t
al
l
e
ng
t
h
th
a
t
i
s
4/
3
t
he
o
r
i
gi
n
al
g
eo
m
e
t
r
y
[2
4
],
i
n
o
th
e
r
w
o
r
d
s
,
a
s
t
r
ai
gh
t
l
i
ne
i
n
a
K
o
c
h
c
u
r
v
e
i
s
c
r
e
at
e
d
b
y
d
i
v
i
di
n
g
i
t
i
n
t
o
th
r
e
e
s
eg
m
e
n
t
s
w
h
e
r
e
th
e
t
h
r
e
e
s
e
g
m
e
n
t
s
l
e
ng
ths
a
r
e
i
d
en
ti
c
al
[2
5,
2
6
]:


â„Ž
=

0
.
(
2
+


Ø
3
)
(
1)
where



â„Ž
=
to
t
al
l
e
ng
t
h o
f
K
oc
h c
urv
e

0
=
i
ni
t
i
at
or l
en
gt
h
Ø
=
f
l
are a
ng
l
e
de
gre
e
T
he
propos
e
d
a
nte
nn
a
i
s
d
es
i
gn
at
th
e
r
es
o
na
t
i
ng
f
r
eq
ue
nc
y
of
2.
4
G
H
z
.
I
n
i
m
pl
e
m
en
ti
ng
f
r
ac
tal
m
eth
od
to
Y
ag
i
a
nt
en
na
,
a
l
l
el
em
en
t
s
are
f
r
ac
tal
i
z
e
us
i
ng
t
he
f
i
r
s
t
i
t
erat
i
o
n
an
d
s
ec
on
d
i
terat
i
on
.
T
he
p
erf
or
m
an
c
e b
et
w
e
en
z
er
oth
,
f
i
r
s
t
,
an
d
s
ec
on
d
i
tera
ti
on
i
s
c
om
pa
r
ed
i
n t
erm
s
of
i
ts
di
r
ec
ti
v
i
t
y
,
ga
i
n,
r
ad
i
ati
on
p
att
ern,
an
d
r
etu
r
n
l
os
s
.
F
i
gu
r
e
1.
G
e
ne
r
a
l
c
on
f
i
gu
r
a
ti
on
of
Y
ag
i
a
nte
nn
a
F
i
gu
r
e
2
.
G
e
ne
r
a
l
of
K
oc
h
di
p
ol
e
(
f
r
o
m
l
ef
t,
z
eroth
i
tera
ti
o
n,
f
i
r
s
t
i
te
r
ati
on
,
s
ec
on
d
i
terat
i
on
, a
n
d
t
hi
rd
i
tera
ti
o
n
[23
]
2.
De
sc
r
ipt
ion
of
A
n
t
enn
a
T
he
prin
t
ed
Y
a
gi
an
ten
na
i
s
de
s
i
gn
w
i
th
a
r
ef
l
ec
t
or,
driv
en
el
em
en
ts
,
an
d
5
d
i
r
ec
tors
ac
c
ordi
ng
to
T
ab
l
e
1
pa
r
a
m
ete
r
s
.
T
he
s
pa
c
e
be
t
w
ee
n
r
ef
l
ec
tors
an
d
dr
i
v
en
el
e
m
en
t,
the
s
pa
c
e
be
t
w
e
en
dri
v
e
n
el
em
en
t
an
d
d
i
r
ec
tors
,
an
d
s
pa
c
e
b
et
ween
d
i
r
ec
tors
are
a
l
s
o
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
l
e
1.
F
or
the
z
er
oth
,
f
i
r
s
t
,
an
d
s
ec
on
d
i
t
erati
on
Y
ag
i
an
t
e
nn
a,
a
l
l
of
the
s
pa
c
i
ng
p
aram
ete
r
s
ar
e
the
s
am
e a
s
th
e
Y
ag
i
a
nte
n
na
d
i
m
en
s
i
on
s
i
n
T
ab
l
e
1.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
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69
3
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F
r
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ag
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t
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ab
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.
Y
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A
nt
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E
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s
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h
(
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L
e
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g
t
h
(
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R
e
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lec
t
o
r
12
55
D
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iv
e
n
e
lem
e
n
t
2
.
5
4
0
.
6
D
ire
c
t
o
r
s
1
.
7
8
3
1
.
2
5
S
p
a
c
ing
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
r
e
f
lec
t
o
r
s
a
n
d
d
r
iv
e
n
e
le
m
e
n
t
-
1
1
.
7
5
S
p
a
c
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t
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d
r
iv
e
n
e
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e
n
t
a
n
d
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ire
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t
o
r
s
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1
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1
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S
p
a
c
ing
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
d
ire
c
t
o
r
-
1
2
.
7
8
F
i
gu
r
e
3
s
h
o
w
s
the
an
t
en
n
a
de
s
i
g
n,
ha
v
i
ng
d
i
m
en
s
i
on
s
i
de
s
of
9
3
.
75
×
55
m
m
F
R4
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F
l
am
e
Res
i
s
tan
t
4)
w
i
t
h
a
d
i
el
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tr
i
c
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on
s
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t
5.4
an
d
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hi
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k
ne
s
s
of
1.6
m
m
.
A
f
ter
ap
pl
y
i
n
g
f
i
r
s
t
i
terati
on
f
r
ac
tal
,
th
e
pr
i
nt
ed
Y
a
gi
a
nt
en
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i
s
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ore
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c
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an
d
as
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or
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he
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to
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2.
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m
m
as
s
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i
n
F
i
g
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4.
T
he
r
ef
l
ec
tor and
di
r
ec
tors
are al
s
o
ap
pl
i
ed
w
i
t
h t
h
e
K
oc
h c
urv
e.
F
i
gu
r
e
3
.
S
tan
da
r
d
de
s
i
gn
of
Y
ag
i
a
nte
nn
a
wi
t
h d
i
po
l
e
ex
c
i
tat
i
on
(
z
eroth
i
t
erati
on
)
F
i
gu
r
e
4
.
Y
ag
i
a
nte
nn
a
wi
t
h
di
p
ol
e e
x
c
i
ta
ti
o
n f
or
(
a)
f
i
r
s
t
i
terati
on
a
nd
(
b)
s
ec
on
d
i
terat
i
o
n
3.
Re
sult
s
a
n
d
A
n
al
y
s
is
T
he
propos
e
d a
nte
nn
a
w
as
s
i
m
ul
ate
d
us
i
ng
th
e
Com
pu
ter S
i
m
ul
at
i
on
T
ec
hn
ol
og
y
(
CS
T
)
s
of
tw
are
an
d
f
ab
r
i
c
ati
on
wa
s
do
ne
al
s
o
to
c
om
pa
r
e
m
ea
s
urem
en
t
wi
th
s
i
m
ul
ati
o
n
r
es
ul
ts
.
V
ari
ou
s
pa
r
am
ete
r
s
s
uc
h
as
r
ef
l
ec
ti
on
c
oe
f
f
i
c
i
en
t,
b
an
d
wi
dt
h,
r
ad
i
ati
on
pa
tt
ern,
ga
i
n,
di
r
ec
ti
v
i
t
y
,
an
d
the
s
i
z
e
of
the
an
te
nn
a
are
s
t
ud
i
ed
.
T
ab
l
e
2
s
ho
w
s
t
he
di
m
en
s
i
on
s
of
the
Y
ag
i
an
t
en
na
pl
us
s
i
z
e
r
ed
uc
ti
o
n
p
erc
en
ta
ge
af
ter
ap
p
l
y
i
ng
K
oc
h
c
urv
e
f
or
the
z
erot
h
i
terat
i
o
n,
f
i
r
s
t
i
ter
ati
on
,
a
nd
s
ec
o
nd
i
terat
i
on
.
A
f
ter
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
f
r
ac
tal
m
eth
od
f
or
f
i
r
s
t
and
s
ec
on
d
i
ter
ati
on
, th
ere
’
s
a
de
c
r
ea
s
e i
n
t
erm
o
f
i
ts
di
r
ec
t
i
v
i
t
y
,
a
nd
g
ai
n
.
T
he
c
o
m
pa
r
i
s
on
of
s
i
m
ul
ati
o
n
a
nd
m
ea
s
ure
m
en
t
f
or
z
eroth
i
terat
i
o
n
Y
a
gi
an
te
nn
a
i
s
s
ho
w
n
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
s
5
(
a)
-
(
c
)
f
or
z
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