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p
la
n
e.
I
n
[
2
2
]
a
Viv
ald
i
UW
B
an
ten
n
a
with
s
witch
ab
le
an
d
tu
n
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le
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ter
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e
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ed
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ce
r
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ato
r
(
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th
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ar
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t
o
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d
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g
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es
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n
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ed
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n
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h
e
p
r
o
p
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s
al
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ten
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o
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er
ates
f
r
o
m
3
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1
t
o
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6
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f
o
r
UW
B
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h
e
g
eo
m
etr
ical
d
im
en
s
i
o
n
o
f
th
e
an
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n
a
is
50
×
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mm
2
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n
ab
le
b
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n
d
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n
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th
f
r
o
m
3
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1
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8
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th
e
VSW
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alu
e
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s
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th
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ce
p
t
ac
r
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s
s
th
e
b
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d
r
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tio
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f
r
eq
u
en
cies.
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h
e
an
t
en
n
a
ef
f
icien
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y
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o
r
e
th
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0
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ile
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th
e
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e
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f
r
e
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en
cy
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d
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th
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A
m
u
ltip
le
b
an
d
-
n
o
tch
ed
UW
B
an
ten
n
a
with
DGS
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
i
n
[
2
1
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w
i
t
h
a
c
i
r
c
u
l
ar
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h
a
p
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d
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n
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i
m
e
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o
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s
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n
t
h
e
a
r
e
a
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SW
R
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
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al
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a
n
t
e
n
n
a
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le
s
s
t
h
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n
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e
x
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e
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t
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n
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h
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r
r
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ie
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f
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o
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r
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ted
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ar
e
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65
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0
−
3
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7
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.
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−
5
.
98
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d
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−
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T
wo
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ea
n
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er
s
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ap
e
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p
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il
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ea
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er
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n
d
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f
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45
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5
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98
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d
8
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0
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68
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n
a
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ip
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n
d
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ar
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ter
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tics
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r
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m
3
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3
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8
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to
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825
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d
7
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9
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1
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6
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o
f
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1
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d
B
b
an
d
wid
th
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
i
n
[
1
6
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th
at
h
as
ac
h
ie
v
ed
50
×
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eo
m
etr
ical
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im
e
n
s
io
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s
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n
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p
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lar
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G
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u
ctu
r
e
h
as
co
n
n
ec
ted
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g
r
o
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n
d
p
lan
e
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at
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s
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th
e
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d
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atch
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iv
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h
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n
iq
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e
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o
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th
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te
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n
a.
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h
e
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h
iev
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n
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d
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c
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r
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15
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825
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o
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L
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9
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o
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r
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m
m
u
n
icatio
n
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r
eo
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er
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it
h
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lo
w
r
a
d
iatio
n
ef
f
icien
cy
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th
e
s
to
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f
r
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e
n
cy
b
an
d
s
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On
th
e
o
th
e
r
h
an
d
,
a
UW
B
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ten
n
a
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th
r
ee
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ted
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n
d
s
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d
im
en
s
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n
o
f
5
0
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4
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m
2
h
as
b
ee
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p
r
o
p
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s
ed
in
[
1
7
]
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h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
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te
n
n
a
h
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1
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7
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o
r
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B
ap
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licatio
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th
e
th
r
ee
n
o
tch
e
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b
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n
d
s
o
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2
.
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to
4
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5
GHz
,
5
.
49
to
6
.
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GHz
an
d
8
.
15
to
9
.
61
GHz
.
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t
is
s
ee
n
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o
m
th
e
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r
e
th
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ar
e
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t
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d
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ar
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ter
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tics
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th
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n
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n
a
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y
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e,
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n
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ac
tiv
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ca
n
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f
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er
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m
a
f
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p
r
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ce
s
s
t
h
at
ca
n
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e
o
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er
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o
m
e
b
y
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r
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p
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s
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g
t
u
n
ab
ilit
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p
a
s
s
iv
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s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
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esid
es
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
as
m
en
tio
n
ed
ab
o
v
e
ar
e
with
lar
g
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
,
lim
itatio
n
in
co
n
t
in
u
o
u
s
tu
n
in
g
an
d
an
ap
p
r
o
p
r
i
ate
tu
n
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d
th
at
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em
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d
s
t
o
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e
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er
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m
e.
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o
,
b
est
i
n
o
u
r
k
n
o
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led
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e,
th
er
e
is
a
lim
itatio
n
in
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
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B
an
ten
n
a
with
b
an
d
-
n
o
tch
ed
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
f
o
r
p
ar
ticu
lar
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G
ce
llu
lar
b
a
n
d
.
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h
e
m
ain
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
p
r
o
p
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s
in
g
tu
n
ab
le
b
an
d
-
n
o
tch
ed
an
ten
n
a
is
to
ac
h
iev
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in
ter
f
er
i
n
g
b
a
n
d
s
th
at
m
i
g
h
t sli
g
h
tly
d
if
f
e
r
in
ter
m
s
o
f
d
i
f
f
er
en
t c
o
u
n
tr
ies.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
e
r
,
a
tu
n
in
g
f
o
r
k
s
h
a
p
e
(
T
FS
)
p
lan
n
er
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
U
W
B
an
ten
n
a
h
as b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
with
th
e
p
ar
tial
g
r
o
u
n
d
(
PG)
an
d
a
p
air
o
f
r
i
n
g
s
h
ap
e
s
lits
(
R
SS
)
in
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
la
n
e
f
o
r
th
e
lo
wer
b
a
n
d
(
4
.
5
−
5
.
5
GHz
)
5
G
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
h
ier
ar
c
h
ical
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
s
y
n
th
esis
h
as b
ee
n
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
th
e
co
m
in
g
s
ec
tio
n
.
Sectio
n
3
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
its
an
aly
s
is
with
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
f
ig
u
r
e
s
an
d
tab
le
with
a
b
en
ch
m
ar
k
tab
le
f
o
r
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ev
alu
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n
.
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h
e
p
ap
er
e
n
d
s
at
s
ec
tio
n
4
with
a
co
n
clu
s
io
n
.
2.
ANT
E
NNA
SY
NT
H
E
SI
S
2
.
1
.
Desig
n o
f
UWB
a
nte
nn
a
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a
h
as
b
ee
n
d
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ased
o
n
t
h
e
PC
B
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p
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in
ted
cir
c
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b
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lo
g
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h
e
r
ea
s
o
n
b
eh
in
d
ch
o
o
s
in
g
PC
B
tech
n
o
lo
g
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is
th
e
d
esig
n
s
im
p
l
e
an
d
ea
s
y
o
f
f
ab
r
icatio
n
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B
esid
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it
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s
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e
d
esig
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d
esire
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f
o
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m
an
c
es
[2
3
]
.
T
h
e
h
ier
a
r
ch
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p
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ce
s
s
o
f
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
UW
B
an
ten
n
a
h
as
b
ee
n
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
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A
n
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th
e
f
in
al
o
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tim
ized
d
im
en
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a
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n
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T
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Desig
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359
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tial
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ased
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UW
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G
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ter
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PA
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T
FS
,
PG
-
R
PA
-
T
F
S
h
av
e
b
ee
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
th
at
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
s
2
a
nd
3
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
I
t
is
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
Fig
u
r
e
2
th
at
R
PA
-
T
FS
h
as a
n
ar
r
o
w
b
an
d
wid
th
,
wh
ile
th
e
b
an
d
wid
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
PG
-
R
PA
-
T
FS
h
as b
ee
n
ac
h
iev
ed
with
a
p
ar
tial
g
r
o
u
n
d
.
T
h
e
m
in
i
m
u
m
VSW
R
v
alu
e
is
as
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w
a
s
le
s
s
th
an
1
.
2
f
o
r
th
e
UW
B
as
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
A
p
ar
am
etr
ic
s
tu
d
y
h
as
b
ee
n
ca
r
r
ie
d
o
u
t
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
t
h
e
p
ar
tial
g
r
o
u
n
d
b
y
ch
a
n
g
in
g
its
len
g
th
,
L
g
1
=9
m
m
g
iv
es
th
e
b
est
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
it h
as b
ee
n
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
th
e
f
in
al
d
esig
n
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a
g
e
o
m
et
r
y
;
(
a)
R
PA
-
T
FS
(
b
)
PG
-
R
PA
-
T
FS
T
ab
le
1
.
Dim
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
U
W
B
an
ten
n
a
M
e
a
su
r
e
me
n
t
V
a
l
u
e
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
1
D
i
me
n
si
o
n
(
mm
)
45
34
1
3
.
5
3
7
.
5
15
12
1
0
.
5
3
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
o
f
R
PA
-
T
FS
an
d
PG
-
R
PA
-
T
F
S
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
VSW
R
o
f
R
PA
-
T
FS
an
d
PG
-
R
PA
-
T
FS
2
.
2
.
Va
ri
a
ble ba
nd
-
no
t
ched
UWB
a
nte
nn
a
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
v
ar
iab
le
b
an
d
-
n
o
tch
ed
u
ltra
-
wid
eb
an
d
an
ten
n
a
(
VB
N
-
UW
B
)
co
n
tain
s
a
t
u
n
in
g
f
o
r
k
s
h
ap
e
r
ad
iatin
g
p
atch
a
n
d
tw
o
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
R
SS
b
eh
in
d
th
e
p
atch
o
n
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
la
n
e.
Fo
r
ac
h
iev
in
g
th
e
n
o
tch
ed
-
b
an
d
,
4
.
5
to
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.
5
GHz
h
as
b
e
en
d
ef
in
e
d
th
at
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
t
o
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
5
G
a
p
p
licatio
n
in
ASEA
N
co
u
n
tr
ies
[
4
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
g
eo
m
etr
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
h
as
b
ee
n
d
esig
n
ed
an
d
s
im
u
lated
in
C
ST
MWS
.
So
m
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
o
p
tim
ized
in
C
ST
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
d
esire
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
th
at
h
a
ve
b
ee
n
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
2
.
T
h
e
ac
h
iev
e
d
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
h
as
b
ee
n
c
o
m
p
r
is
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
ig
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
a
n
ten
n
a
h
as
ac
h
iev
ed
a
n
o
tch
ed
-
b
an
d
o
f
4
.
5
GHz
to
5
.
5
GHz
with
th
e
R
SS
.
T
h
e
in
n
er
an
d
o
u
ter
r
ad
iu
s
o
f
th
e
R
SS
is
r
an
d
R
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
in
n
er
r
a
d
iu
s
o
f
R
SS
i
s
=
2
.
2
mm
an
d
o
u
ter
r
ad
iu
s
=
6
.
7
m
m
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
u
m
co
o
r
d
i
n
ate
p
o
s
itio
n
s
o
f
th
e
R
SS
p
air
s
alo
n
g
to
th
e
X
-
ax
is
ar
e
1
=
+
6
,
2
=
−
6
an
d
alo
n
g
to
th
e
Y
-
ax
is
,
=
+
2
f
o
r
b
o
th
th
e
R
SS
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
z
er
o
(
0
)
as th
e
m
id
d
le
o
f
th
e
an
ten
n
a.
T
h
e
g
eo
m
etr
ic
al
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
th
e
R
SS
’
s
h
as
a
g
r
ea
ter
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
an
ten
n
a
n
o
tch
e
d
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b
an
d
,
esp
ec
ially
,
ch
an
g
es
p
o
s
itio
n
a
lo
n
g
th
e
Y
-
ax
is
.
I
n
f
ac
t,
th
e
v
ar
iab
le
b
a
n
d
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n
o
tch
ed
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ac
h
iev
ed
with
a
c
h
an
g
e
in
th
e
R
SS
’
s
p
o
s
itio
n
in
Y
-
a
x
is
.
T
h
e
p
ar
a
m
etr
ic
s
tu
d
y
o
f
th
e
ch
an
g
es
in
th
e
R
SS
’
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
1
9
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
202
1
:
3
5
7
-
363
360
p
o
s
itio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
to
s
h
o
w
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e
s
h
if
ted
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ed
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b
a
n
d
.
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h
e
p
ar
am
etr
ic
s
tu
d
y
o
f
th
e
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
VB
N
-
UW
B
h
as b
ee
n
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
6.
I
t
is
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
Fig
u
r
e
6
t
h
at
th
e
an
ten
n
a
n
o
tch
ed
-
b
an
d
s
h
if
t
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
ch
an
g
es
in
th
e
R
SS
’
s
p
o
s
itio
n
i
n
th
e
Y
-
ax
is
.
T
h
e
m
o
r
e
it sh
if
ted
to
war
d
s
th
e
p
o
s
iti
v
e
s
id
e
o
f
t
h
e
Y
-
ax
is
,
th
e
m
o
r
e
n
o
tch
ed
-
b
a
n
d
h
as
s
h
if
ted
f
r
o
m
lo
wer
to
h
ig
h
e
r
f
r
eq
u
en
cies
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e
,
th
e
o
p
ti
m
ized
p
o
s
itio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
t
o
o
b
tain
th
e
n
o
tch
ed
-
b
an
d
f
r
o
m
4
.
5
GHz
to
5
.
5
GHz
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
th
e
ch
an
g
es
in
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
n
th
e
n
o
tch
ed
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b
an
d
an
d
en
tire
b
an
d
wid
th
o
f
t
h
e
an
ten
n
a
h
av
e
b
ee
n
r
e
p
o
r
ted
in
T
ab
le
3
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
tab
le
th
at
th
e
R
SS
’
s
p
o
s
itio
n
h
as sl
ig
h
t im
p
ac
ts
o
n
th
e
o
v
er
all
b
an
d
wid
th
th
at
is
n
eg
lig
ib
le
as th
e
b
a
n
d
wid
th
o
f
UW
B
is
s
til
l
with
in
th
e
b
an
d
wid
th
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
An
te
n
n
a
g
e
o
m
etr
y
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
VB
N
-
UW
B
T
ab
le
2
.
Dim
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
V
B
N
-
UW
B
an
ten
n
a
M
e
a
su
r
e
me
n
t
V
a
l
u
e
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
Wp
Lp
W
g
L
g
Lf
Wt
Lt
D
i
me
n
si
o
n
(
mm
)
1
2
.
5
1
6
.
8
34
45
7
5
.
9
1
3
.
5
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
o
f
V
B
N
-
UW
B
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Par
am
etr
ic
s
tu
d
y
o
f
t
h
e
VB
N
-
UW
B
T
ab
le
3
.
No
tch
e
d
b
a
n
d
wid
th
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
d
u
e
to
d
if
f
er
en
t
Y
v
alu
es
V
a
l
u
e
s
o
f
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i
n
(
mm
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S
h
i
f
t
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n
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n
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t
c
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e
d
b
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n
d
w
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t
h
(
G
H
z
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U
W
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b
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n
d
w
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d
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h
(
G
H
z
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4
.
3
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6
3
.
1
–
12
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0
4
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3
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5
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4
3
.
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4
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4
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9
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4
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7
2
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4
.
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–
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10
.
5
5
4
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7
–
6
.
5
2
.
7
–
10
.
6
6
4
.
6
–
7
2
.
7
–
10
.
7
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
VSW
R
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
VB
N
-
UW
B
h
as
b
ee
n
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
n
o
ticed
th
at
th
e
VSW
R
v
alu
e
f
o
r
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
b
an
d
wid
th
o
f
th
e
VB
N
-
UW
B
an
te
n
n
a
is
less
th
an
2
.
0
,
wh
ich
m
ea
n
s
it
h
as
a
g
o
o
d
im
p
ed
an
ce
m
atc
h
in
g
b
etwe
en
th
e
r
ad
iatin
g
p
atch
an
d
th
e
f
ee
d
lin
e.
W
h
ile
th
e
VSW
R
v
alu
e
is
h
ig
h
er
th
a
n
2
.
0
with
in
th
e
r
ejec
ted
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
b
an
d
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
VB
N
-
UW
B
an
ten
n
a’
s
s
u
r
f
ac
e
cu
r
r
en
t d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
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t E
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n
tr
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l
Desig
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f U
WB
micro
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ip
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tch
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le
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.
.
(
M.
M.
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s
a
n
Ma
h
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z
)
361
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
at
f
o
u
r
f
r
eq
u
en
cies.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
f
r
o
m
Fig
u
r
e
8
(
a)
th
at
at
th
e
m
id
d
le
o
f
th
e
n
o
tch
ed
-
b
an
d
f
r
eq
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en
cy
o
f
5
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,
a
g
r
ea
ter
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
h
as
ac
cu
m
u
lated
d
u
e
t
o
th
e
R
SS
th
at
is
ab
o
v
e
1
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A/m
,
wh
ile,
o
n
ly
4
6
.
5
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r
r
e
n
t
h
as
ac
cu
m
u
lated
o
n
th
e
r
ad
iatin
g
p
atch
with
o
u
t
R
SS
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
(
b
)
.
T
h
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
d
e
n
s
ity
o
f
th
e
r
ad
iatin
g
p
atch
at
th
e
n
o
tch
ed
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b
an
d
f
r
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en
c
y
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s
tifie
s
th
at
th
e
b
an
d
-
n
o
tch
ed
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
h
as
ac
h
iev
ed
with
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e
p
air
o
f
R
S
Ss
o
n
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e.
At
th
e
m
id
d
le
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
UW
B
o
f
6
.
8
5
a
n
d
th
e
r
eso
n
an
t f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
f
6
GHz
o
f
th
e
VB
N
-
U
W
B
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
(
c)
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
8
(
d
)
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
an
d
t
h
e
ac
cu
m
u
lated
cu
r
r
e
n
t o
n
th
e
p
atch
ar
e
5
2
.
6
A/m
an
d
7
8
.
2
A/m
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Simu
lated
VSW
R
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
VB
N
-
UW
B
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
T
h
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
;
(
a)
VB
N
-
UW
B
a
n
ten
n
a,
(
b
)
UW
B
an
ten
n
a,
(
c
)
at
th
e
m
id
d
le
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
f
UW
B
o
f
th
e
VB
N
-
UW
B
an
d
(
d
)
at
th
e
r
eso
n
a
n
t f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
th
e
VB
N
-
UW
B
an
ten
n
a
T
h
e
p
o
lar
r
a
d
iatio
n
p
atter
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
VB
N
-
UW
B
an
ten
n
a
h
as
b
ee
n
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Usu
ally
,
f
o
r
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
an
ten
n
a
,
th
e
o
m
n
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
g
en
er
ates
at
th
e
h
-
f
ield
o
f
th
e
an
ten
n
a
th
at
ex
ac
tl
y
h
ap
p
en
s
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
n
t
en
n
a.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
t
h
e
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
s
ar
e
m
o
r
e
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
ex
ce
p
t
f
o
r
th
e
n
o
tch
ed
-
b
an
d
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
.
T
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
at
th
e
r
ad
iatin
g
p
atch
o
f
th
e
VB
N
-
UW
B
an
ten
n
a
lead
s
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
th
e
an
ten
n
a
r
ad
iatin
g
ef
f
icien
c
y
.
T
h
e
r
ad
iatio
n
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
h
as
b
ee
n
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
T
h
e
m
ax
im
u
m
r
ad
iatio
n
ef
f
ici
en
cy
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
UW
B
an
ten
n
a
is
8
9
%
with
an
av
er
a
g
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
7
5
%.
W
h
ile
a
t
th
e
r
ejec
ted
b
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
cies,
th
e
r
ad
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n
ef
f
ici
en
cy
less
th
an
2
8
%,
wh
ich
m
ea
n
s
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
v
er
y
p
o
o
r
o
r
d
o
es
n
o
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
VB
N
-
U
W
B
an
ten
n
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
b
en
c
h
m
ar
k
ed
with
s
o
m
e
n
ew
r
ese
ar
ch
ac
tiv
ities
as
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
4
.
I
t
is
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
tab
le
th
at
th
e
an
ten
n
a
h
as
ac
h
iev
ed
a
co
m
p
ac
t
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
co
m
p
a
r
e
to
th
e
o
th
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
n
ten
n
as,
wh
ile
th
e
UW
B
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
a
n
d
is
with
in
t
h
e
-
1
0
d
B
b
an
d
w
id
th
an
d
h
as
o
b
tain
ed
n
o
tch
e
d
-
b
an
d
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
o
f
th
e
lo
we
r
b
an
d
f
o
r
5
G
ce
llu
lar
ap
p
licatio
n
.
I
t
is
to
n
o
t
e
t
h
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
h
as
ac
h
iev
ed
th
e
ex
ac
t
n
o
tch
ed
-
b
an
d
wid
t
h
(
4
.
5
−
5
.
5
GHz
)
o
f
lo
wer
5
G
f
r
eq
u
en
cies
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
ASEA
N
th
at
r
eso
n
ates
at
5
GHz
wh
ich
is
th
e
m
id
d
le
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
th
e
b
an
d
an
d
th
e
tu
n
ab
le
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
o
f
th
e
n
o
tch
ed
-
b
an
d
h
as
ac
h
iev
e
d
with
a
p
ass
iv
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
n
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
o
f
th
e
an
ten
n
a
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
1
9
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
202
1
:
3
5
7
-
363
362
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
T
h
e
2
-
D
p
o
l
a
r
r
a
d
i
a
tio
n
p
a
t
t
e
r
n
o
f
V
B
N
-
UW
B
,
(
a
)
V
B
N
-
UW
B
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
,
(
b
)
U
W
B
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
,
(
c
)
a
t
t
h
e
m
i
d
d
l
e
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
U
W
B
o
f
th
e
V
B
N
-
UW
B
a
n
d
(
d
)
a
t
t
h
e
r
es
o
n
a
n
t
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
V
B
N
-
U
W
B
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
R
ad
iatio
n
E
f
f
icien
c
y
o
f
VB
N
-
UW
B
T
ab
le
4
.
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
VB
N
-
UW
B
an
ten
n
a
with
o
th
er
r
ec
en
t w
o
r
k
s
R
e
f
.
D
i
me
n
si
o
n
(
L
×
W
)
,
mm
2
B
a
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
(
G
H
z
)
N
o
t
c
h
e
d
-
B
a
n
d
R
a
n
g
e
(
G
H
z
)
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
C
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
[
2
0
]
50
×
50
3
–
10
.
6
5
−
5
.
8
7
.
5
−
8
.
5
No
[
2
1
]
80
×
70
1
.
5
–
12
2
.
15
−
2
.
65
3
−
3
.
7
5
.
45
−
5
.
98
8
−
8
.
68
No
[
2
2
]
50
×
40
3
.
1
–
10
.
6
3
.
1
−
6
.
8
Y
e
s
[
2
4
]
50
×
42
3
.
1
–
10
.
6
3
.
3
−
3
.
8
5
.
15
−
5
.
825
7
.
1
−
7
.
9
No
[
2
5
]
50
×
40
2
–
13
.
7
2
.
69
−
4
.
5
5
.
49
−
6
.
37
8
.
15
−
9
.
61
No
Th
i
s
W
o
r
k
45
×
34
2
.
9
–
10
.
7
4
.
5
−
5
.
5
Y
e
s
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
A
co
m
p
ac
t
UW
B
an
ten
n
a
with
b
an
d
-
n
o
tch
ed
c
h
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
h
as
b
ee
n
d
esig
n
ed
,
s
im
u
lated
an
d
an
aly
ze
d
i
n
th
is
a
r
ticle.
T
h
e
U
W
B
an
ten
n
a
is
d
esig
n
ed
an
d
r
e
alize
d
o
n
an
FR
-
4
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
b
y
u
s
in
g
a
tu
n
in
g
f
o
r
k
s
h
ap
e
with
a
s
im
p
le
p
ar
tial g
r
o
u
n
d
p
la
n
e.
A
p
air
o
f
r
in
g
s
h
ap
e
s
lits
(
R
SS
)
o
n
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
h
as b
ee
n
ad
d
ed
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
Desig
n
o
f U
WB
micro
s
tr
ip
p
a
tch
a
n
ten
n
a
w
ith
va
r
ia
b
le
b
a
n
d
n
o
tch
ed
.
.
.
(
M.
M.
Ha
s
a
n
Ma
h
fu
z
)
363
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
b
a
n
d
-
n
o
tch
e
d
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
f
r
o
m
4
.
5
to
5
.
5
GHz
th
at
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
ASEA
N
co
u
n
tr
ies
f
o
r
5
G
ap
p
licatio
n
.
Als
o
,
th
e
n
o
tch
ed
b
an
d
wid
th
is
s
h
if
tin
g
f
r
o
m
4
.
3
−
5
.
6
t
o
4
.
7
−
6
.
5
GHz
d
u
e
to
th
e
ch
an
g
es
o
f
R
SS
p
o
s
itio
n
in
th
e
v
er
tical
ax
is
.
T
h
e
t
u
n
ab
le
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ic
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
n
ten
n
a
m
ak
es
it
ca
p
a
b
le
o
f
ac
h
iev
in
g
t
h
e
in
ter
f
er
in
g
b
an
d
s
if
it is
s
lig
h
tly
v
ar
y
in
g
with
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
t.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
h
as a
g
o
o
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
n
UW
B
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
wi
th
b
a
n
d
r
ejec
tio
n
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
VSW
R
,
s
u
r
f
ac
e
cu
r
r
en
t,
p
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
an
d
r
ad
iatio
n
ef
f
icien
cy
s
h
o
w
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
with
ac
ce
p
tab
le
r
a
n
g
e.
Hen
ce
,
a
s
im
p
le
d
esig
n
with
co
m
p
ac
t size
m
ak
es th
e
an
te
n
n
a
m
o
r
e
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
t
h
e
u
p
c
o
m
in
g
5
G
lo
wer
b
an
d
ap
p
li
ca
ti
o
n
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
E
M
E
NT
T
h
is
p
r
o
j
ec
t
is
p
a
r
t
ial
ly
s
u
p
p
o
r
te
d
b
y
I
n
te
r
n
at
io
n
a
l
I
s
l
a
m
ic
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
it
y
M
ala
y
s
i
a
R
ese
a
r
c
h
I
n
i
tiat
i
v
e
Gr
a
n
t
Sc
h
em
e
N
o
.
R
I
GS
1
6
-
065
-
0
2
2
9
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
F
.
C.
Co
m
m
issio
n
,
“
F
irst
re
p
o
rt
a
n
d
o
r
d
e
r
in
t
h
e
m
a
tt
e
r
o
f
re
v
isio
n
o
f
p
a
rt
1
5
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
m
m
issio
n
’s
ru
les
re
g
a
rd
in
g
u
lt
ra
-
wid
e
b
a
n
d
tra
n
sm
issio
n
sy
ste
m
s
,
”
Do
c
k
e
t
9
8
-
1
5
3
FCC
0
2
-
48
,
2
0
0
2
.
[On
li
n
e
].
Av
a
il
a
b
l
e
:
h
tt
p
s:/
/ci.
n
i
i.
a
c
.
jp
/
n
a
id
/
1
0
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3
6
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3
/.
Ac
c
e
ss
e
d
:
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
4
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
]
S
.
Bh
u
n
ia,
D.
S
a
r
k
a
r,
S
.
Biswa
s,
P
.
P
.
S
a
r
k
a
r,
B.
G
u
p
ta,
a
n
d
K.
Ya
su
m
o
to
,
“
Re
d
u
c
e
d
siz
e
sm
a
ll
d
u
a
l
a
n
d
m
u
lt
i
-
fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
m
icro
stri
p
a
n
te
n
n
a
s,”
M
icr
o
w.
O
p
t.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l.
L
e
tt
.
,
v
o
l.
5
0
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
9
6
1
-
9
6
5
,
2
0
0
8
.
[3
]
L.
G
u
o
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
tu
d
y
o
f
c
o
m
p
a
c
t
a
n
ten
n
a
f
o
r
UWB
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
El
e
c
tro
n
.
L
e
tt
.
,
v
o
l
.
4
6
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
1
5
-
1
1
6
,
2
0
1
0
,
[4
]
K.
G
.
Th
o
m
a
s
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Co
m
p
a
c
t
C
P
W
-
fe
d
d
u
a
l
-
b
a
n
d
a
n
ten
n
a
,
”
E
lec
tro
n
.
L
e
tt
.
,
v
o
l.
4
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
3
-
1
4
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
1
0
.
[5
]
C.
-
Y.
-
D.
S
im,
W
.
-
T.
C
h
u
n
g
,
a
n
d
C.
-
H.
Lee
,
“
Co
m
p
a
c
t
slo
t
a
n
ten
n
a
fo
r
UWB
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
”
IEE
E
An
ten
n
a
s
W
ire
l.
Pro
p
a
g
.
L
e
tt
.
,
v
o
l.
9
,
p
p
.
6
3
-
6
6
,
2
0
1
0
.
[6
]
D.
P
e
ro
u
li
s
,
K.
S
a
ra
b
a
n
d
i,
a
n
d
L
.
P
.
B.
Ka
teh
i
,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
re
c
o
n
fig
u
ra
b
le
slo
t
a
n
te
n
n
a
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
A
n
ten
n
a
s
Pro
p
a
g
.
,
v
o
l.
5
3
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
6
4
5
-
6
5
4
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
0
5
.
[7
]
L.
As
a
d
p
o
r
a
n
d
M
.
Re
z
v
a
n
i
,
“
Co
m
p
a
c
t
UWB
CP
W
-
fe
d
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
a
n
ten
n
a
with
v
a
riab
le
tri
p
l
e
-
b
a
n
d
-
n
o
tch
e
d
p
ro
p
e
rty
,
”
IE
T
E
J
.
Res
,
p
p
.
1
-
9
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
1
8
.
[8
]
S
p
e
c
tru
m
,
“
A
r
o
a
d
m
a
p
fo
r
C
-
b
a
n
d
(3
.
3
-
3
.
8
G
Hz
)
,"
in
ASE
AN
o
n
1
5
A
u
g
,
2
0
1
9
.
[On
li
n
e
].
Av
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s:/
/www
.
g
sm
a
.
c
o
m
/sp
e
c
tru
m
/
re
so
u
rc
e
s/re
lea
sin
g
-
c
b
a
n
d
-
a
se
a
n
.
[A
c
c
e
ss
e
d
De
c
.
2
6
,
2
0
1
9
]
.
[9
]
NFCP
,
"
F
i
n
a
l
re
p
o
r
t
b
y
5
G
tas
k
fo
rc
e
,"
in
M
a
lay
sia
,
s
u
b
m
it
ted
to
M
CM
C
,
Cy
b
e
rjay
a
,
M
a
lay
sia
o
n
1
5
Oc
t.
2
0
1
9
.
[On
li
n
e
].
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s://
ww
w.
n
fc
p
.
m
y
/
5
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-
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M
e
d
ia
.
[A
c
c
e
ss
e
d
De
c
.
2
6
,
2
0
1
9
]
.
[1
0
]
M
.
A
.
S
a
l
a
m
i
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
D
e
s
i
g
n
a
n
d
i
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
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o
f
a
m
u
l
t
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f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
w
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t
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v
a
r
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a
b
l
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n
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/
n
o
t
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a
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N
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b
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n
d
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W
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a
n
d
K
u
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b
a
n
d
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
”
A
E
U
-
I
n
t
.
J
.
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
.
C
o
m
m
u
n
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
1
,
p
p
.
1
5
2
8
9
5
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
1
]
M
.
A.
Tri
m
u
k
h
e
a
n
d
B.
G
.
Ho
g
a
d
e
,
“
Co
m
p
a
c
t
UWB
a
n
ten
n
a
with
t
u
n
a
b
le b
a
n
d
-
n
o
tch
c
h
a
ra
c
teristics
u
sin
g
v
a
ra
c
to
r
d
io
d
e
,
”
Pro
g
.
El
e
c
tro
m
a
g
n
.
Res
.
,
v
o
l.
9
7
,
p
p
.
1
5
-
2
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
2
]
I.
El
fe
rg
a
n
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
lo
tt
e
d
p
ri
n
ted
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
UWB
A
n
ten
n
a
s wi
th
tu
n
a
b
le reje
c
ti
o
n
b
a
n
d
s
fo
r
WL
A
N/Wi
M
AX
a
n
d
X
-
b
a
n
d
c
o
e
x
isten
c
e
,
”
Ra
d
i
o
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
2
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
6
9
4
-
7
0
2
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
1
8
.
[1
3
]
R.
G
u
rjar,
D.
K.
Up
a
d
h
y
a
y
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A co
m
p
a
c
t
m
o
d
ifi
e
d
sie
rp
in
sk
i
c
a
rp
e
t
fra
c
tal
UWB
M
IM
O an
ten
n
a
with
sq
u
a
re
-
sh
a
p
e
d
fu
n
n
e
l
-
li
k
e
g
ro
u
n
d
stu
b
,
”
AE
U
-
In
t
.
J
.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
C
o
mm
u
n
.
,
v
o
l.
1
1
7
,
p
p
.
1
5
3
1
2
6
,
Ap
r.
2
0
2
0
.
[1
4
]
M
.
J.
Ho
ss
a
in
,
M
.
R
.
I.
F
a
ru
q
u
e
,
a
n
d
M
.
T.
Isla
m
,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
a
p
a
tch
a
n
ten
n
a
fo
r
u
lt
ra
wi
d
e
b
a
n
d
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
”
M
icr
o
w.
Op
t.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l.
L
e
tt
.
,
v
o
l.
5
8
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
2
1
5
2
-
2
1
5
6
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
1
6
.
[1
5
]
M
.
S
.
Ah
m
e
d
,
M
d
.
R
.
Isla
m
,
a
n
d
S
.
Kh
a
n
,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
d
u
a
l
b
a
n
d
n
o
tch
e
d
u
lt
ra
wid
e
b
a
n
d
a
n
ten
n
a
u
sin
g
(UW)
sh
a
p
e
d
slo
ts,”
AR
PN
J
.
En
g
.
A
p
p
l.
S
c
i.
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
2
3
,
p
p
.
1
7
3
7
5
-
1
7
3
7
9
,
De
c
.
2
0
1
5
.
[1
6
]
M
.
N.
Ra
h
m
a
n
,
M
.
T.
Isla
m
,
M
.
Z
.
M
a
h
m
u
d
,
S
.
Kib
ria,
a
n
d
M
.
S
a
m
su
z
z
a
m
a
n
,
“
Bro
k
e
n
-
h
e
a
rt
sh
a
p
e
d
m
icro
strip
p
a
tch
a
n
ten
n
a
d
e
sig
n
f
o
r
u
lt
ra
-
wid
e
b
a
n
d
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
M
icr
o
w.
Op
t.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l.
L
e
tt
.
,
v
o
l
.
5
9
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
2
3
2
4
-
2
3
3
0
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
7
]
A.
H.
M
.
Z.
Ala
m
,
R.
Isla
m
,
a
n
d
S
.
Kh
a
n
,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
a
Tu
n
in
g
F
o
rk
ty
p
e
UWB
P
a
tch
An
ten
n
a
,
”
I
n
t.
J
.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
Co
mm
u
n
.
En
g
.
,
v
o
l.
1
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
1
1
2
6
-
1
1
2
9
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
0
7
.
[1
8
]
M
.
S
.
Isla
m
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
Re
c
tan
g
u
l
a
r
in
se
t
-
fe
d
p
a
tch
a
n
ten
n
a
wit
h
d
e
fe
c
ted
g
ro
u
n
d
str
u
c
tu
re
fo
r
IS
M
b
a
n
d
,
”
2
0
1
8
7
t
h
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
C
o
mp
u
ter
a
n
d
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(ICCCE)
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
1
0
4
-
1
0
8
.
[1
9
]
M
.
S
.
Isla
m
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A wid
e
b
a
n
d
m
il
li
m
e
ter
-
wa
v
e
p
rin
tab
le
a
n
ten
n
a
o
n
f
lex
i
b
le su
b
stra
te fo
r
b
re
a
st ca
n
c
e
r
ima
g
in
g
,
”
2
0
1
9
7
th
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
M
e
c
h
a
tr
o
n
ics
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(I
COM
),
P
u
tra
j
a
y
a
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
0
]
J.
Y.
S
id
d
iq
u
i,
C.
S
a
h
a
,
a
n
d
Y
.
M
.
M
.
An
tar,
“
Co
m
p
a
c
t
d
u
a
l
-
S
RR
-
lo
a
d
e
d
UWB
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
a
n
te
n
n
a
wit
h
d
u
a
l
fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
wi
d
e
b
a
n
d
n
o
tch
c
h
a
ra
c
teristics
,
”
IEE
E
An
ten
n
a
s W
ire
l.
Pro
p
a
g
.
L
e
tt
.
,
v
o
l.
1
4
,
p
p
.
1
0
0
-
1
0
3
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
1
]
S
.
u
r
Re
h
m
a
n
a
n
d
M
.
A.
S
.
Alk
a
n
h
a
l,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
S
y
ste
m
Ch
a
r
a
c
teriz
a
ti
o
n
o
f
Ultra
-
Wi
d
e
b
a
n
d
An
ten
n
a
s
Wi
t
h
M
u
lt
i
p
le Ban
d
-
Re
jec
ti
o
n
,
”
I
EE
E
Acc
e
ss
,
v
o
l.
5
,
p
p
.
1
7
9
8
8
-
1
7
9
9
6
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
2
]
D.
Ya
n
g
,
H.
Zen
g
,
S
.
Li
u
,
a
n
d
J.
P
a
n
,
“
A
v
i
v
a
ld
i
a
n
te
n
n
a
with
sw
it
c
h
a
b
le
a
n
d
tu
n
a
b
le
b
a
n
d
-
n
o
tch
c
h
a
ra
c
teristic
,
”
Pro
g
.
El
e
c
tro
ma
g
n
.
Res
.
,
v
o
l.
6
8
,
p
p
.
7
5
-
8
3
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
3
]
M
.
S
.
Isla
m
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
M
icro
str
ip
p
a
tch
a
n
te
n
n
a
wi
th
d
e
fe
c
ted
g
ro
u
n
d
stru
c
tu
re
f
o
r
b
i
o
m
e
d
ica
l
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
Bu
l
letin
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
In
f
o
r
ma
ti
c
s
.
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
5
8
6
-
5
9
5
,
Ju
n
.
2
0
1
9
.
[2
4
]
N.
Ja
g
lan
,
B.
K.
Ka
n
a
u
ji
a
,
S
.
D.
G
u
p
ta,
a
n
d
S
.
S
ri
v
a
sta
v
a
,
“
T
rip
le
b
a
n
d
n
o
tch
e
d
u
wb
a
n
ten
n
a
d
e
sig
n
u
sin
g
e
lec
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
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