T
E
L
K
O
M
N
I
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
un
ica
t
io
n,
Co
m
pu
t
ing
,
E
lect
ro
nics
a
nd
Co
ntr
o
l
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
1
,
p
p
.
94
5
~
9
49
I
SS
N:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
,
ac
cr
ed
ited
First Gr
ad
e
b
y
Kem
en
r
is
tek
d
i
k
ti,
Dec
r
ee
No
: 2
1
/E/KPT
/2
0
1
8
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
2
9
2
8
/TE
L
KOM
NI
K
A.
v
1
9
i
3
.
1
5
7
4
6
945
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//jo
u
r
n
a
l.u
a
d
.
a
c.
id
/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/TELK
OM
N
I
K
A
Enha
ncement
of l
umino
us flu
x
and
colo
r quality
of
white
lig
ht
-
emit
ting dio
des by
using
gree
n (
Y
,G
d
)BO
3
:Tb
3+
pho
spho
r
M
y
H
a
nh
Ng
uy
en
T
hi
1
,
P
h
u
ng
T
o
n T
ha
t
2
,
Ng
uy
en
Do
a
n Q
uo
c
Anh
3
1
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
M
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
En
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
,
In
d
u
strial
U
n
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Ho
C
h
i
M
i
n
h
Cit
y
,
Vie
t
n
am
2
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
In
d
u
strial
U
n
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Ho
C
h
i
M
i
n
h
Cit
y
,
Vie
tn
a
m
3
P
o
we
r
S
y
ste
m
Op
t
imiz
a
ti
o
n
Re
s
e
a
rc
h
G
ro
u
p
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
T
o
n
Du
c
T
h
a
n
g
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
Ho
C
h
i
M
i
n
h
Cit
y
,
Vi
e
tn
a
m
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Feb
4
,
2
0
2
0
R
ev
is
ed
No
v
2
7
,
2
0
2
0
Acc
ep
ted
Dec
7
,
2
0
2
0
In
t
h
e
stu
d
y
,
we
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
d
a
n
d
c
l
a
rifi
e
d
th
e
e
ffe
c
t
o
f
g
re
e
n
(Y,G
d
)BO
3
:Tb
3+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
o
n
c
h
r
o
m
a
ti
c
h
o
m
o
g
e
n
e
it
y
a
n
d
o
p
t
ica
l
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
m
u
lt
i
-
c
h
i
p
wh
it
e
li
g
h
t
e
m
it
ti
n
g
d
i
o
d
e
s
(M
C
W
-
LED
s
).
Th
e
re
b
y
t
h
e
re
is
a
so
l
u
ti
o
n
t
o
g
e
t
th
e
b
e
st
l
u
m
in
o
u
s
e
fficie
n
c
y
.
I
n
a
d
d
it
i
o
n
,
(Y,G
d
)BO
3
:Tb
3+
is
k
n
o
wn
a
s
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
fa
c
t
o
rs
th
a
t
h
a
s
a
sig
n
ifi
c
a
n
t
imp
a
c
t
o
n
li
g
h
ti
n
g
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
,
so
it
n
e
e
d
s
to
a
d
d
th
e
(Y,G
d
)BO
3
:T
b
3+
p
h
o
sp
h
o
r
in
th
e
str
u
c
tu
re
o
f
LE
Ds
to
c
o
m
b
in
e
wi
th
th
e
y
e
ll
o
w
p
h
o
sp
h
o
r
YA
G
:Ce
3+
to
re
c
e
iv
e
t
h
e
b
e
st
re
su
lt
s.
Th
e
re
fo
re
,
th
e
c
o
n
c
e
n
trati
o
n
a
n
d
siz
e
o
f
(Y,G
d
)BO
3
:Tb
3+
sh
o
u
l
d
b
e
c
h
o
o
se
c
a
re
fu
ll
y
so
th
a
t
t
h
e
p
re
se
n
tati
o
n
o
f
M
C
W
-
LE
Ds
wo
u
ld
b
e
m
o
re
in
c
re
d
ib
le.
Th
e
re
su
lt
s
sh
o
w
th
a
t
wh
e
n
th
e
c
o
n
c
e
n
trati
o
n
o
f
g
re
e
n
-
e
m
it
ti
n
g
(Y,G
d
)BO
3
:Tb
3+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
ten
d
s
to
in
c
re
a
se
,
it
a
lso
h
e
lp
s
th
e
c
o
lo
r
h
o
m
o
g
e
n
e
it
y
a
n
d
th
e
lu
m
e
n
e
fficie
n
c
y
o
f
M
CW
-
LE
Ds
with
th
e
a
v
e
ra
g
e
c
o
rre
late
d
c
o
lo
r
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
(CC
T)
o
f
5
6
0
0
K
-
8
5
0
0
K b
e
c
o
m
e
b
e
t
ter
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
(
Y,
Gd
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
C
o
lo
r
q
u
ality
s
ca
le
L
u
m
in
o
u
s
f
l
u
x
Mie
-
s
ca
tter
in
g
th
eo
r
y
W
L
E
Ds
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Ng
u
y
en
Do
a
n
Qu
o
c
An
h
Po
wer
Sy
s
tem
Op
tim
izatio
n
R
esear
ch
Gr
o
u
p
,
Facu
lty
o
f
E
le
ctr
i
ca
l a
n
d
E
lectr
o
n
ics E
n
g
in
e
er
in
g
T
o
n
Du
c
T
h
an
g
U
n
iv
er
s
ity
No
.
1
9
Ng
u
y
en
Hu
u
T
h
o
Stre
e
t,
T
an
Ph
o
n
g
W
ar
d
,
Dis
tr
ict
7
,
Ho
C
h
i M
in
h
C
ity
,
Vietn
am
E
m
ail:
n
g
u
y
e
n
d
o
a
n
q
u
o
ca
n
h
@
td
tu
.
ed
u
.
v
n
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
I
n
r
e
c
e
n
t
y
e
a
r
s
,
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
r
s
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
a
l
w
a
y
s
a
i
m
i
n
g
t
o
o
b
t
a
in
t
h
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
t
h
e
l
i
g
h
t
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
o
f
w
h
i
t
e
L
E
Ds
.
I
n
a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
,
th
e
y
a
l
s
o
h
a
v
e
p
u
t
a
l
o
t
o
f
e
f
f
o
r
t
i
n
t
o
a
c
h
i
e
v
i
n
g
b
e
t
te
r
o
p
t
i
ca
l
o
u
t
p
u
t
a
n
d
c
o
l
o
r
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
i
t
y
f
o
r
w
h
i
t
e
l
i
g
h
t
e
m
i
tt
i
n
g
d
i
o
d
e
s
(
L
E
D
s
)
[1
-
3
]
.
F
i
n
al
l
y
,
A
n
h
a
n
d
h
i
s
c
o
l
l
e
a
g
u
e
r
e
c
o
g
n
i
z
e
d
a
t
r
u
t
h
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
m
u
l
t
i
-
c
h
ip
w
h
i
t
e
L
E
D
(
MCW
-
L
E
D
)
li
g
h
t
s
c
a
n
b
e
p
r
o
m
o
t
e
d
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
m
i
x
t
u
r
e
o
f
Y
A
G
:C
e
3+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
w
i
t
h
S
i
O
2
p
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
[
4
]
.
M
o
r
e
o
v
e
r
,
t
h
e
y
el
l
o
w
Y
AG
:C
e
3+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
b
l
e
n
d
e
d
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
s
il
i
c
o
n
e
g
l
u
e
s
o
t
h
a
t
it
c
o
u
ld
c
r
e
a
t
e
a
m
i
x
t
u
r
e
t
h
a
t
e
m
it
s
y
el
l
o
w
l
i
g
h
t
a
n
d
a
b
s
o
r
b
s
b
l
u
e
l
i
g
h
t
e
m
i
t
t
e
d
f
r
o
m
b
l
u
e
c
h
i
p
s
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
n
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
es
w
h
it
e
l
i
g
h
t
.
B
e
f
o
r
e
w
h
i
te
li
g
h
t
s
ar
e
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d
,
t
h
e
l
i
g
h
ts
n
e
e
d
t
o
g
o
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
w
o
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
es
:
f
i
r
s
t
,
d
is
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
ti
n
g
in
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
u
s
c
o
m
p
o
u
n
d
s
,
a
n
d
s
e
c
o
n
d
,
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
t
ti
n
g
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
u
s
p
a
r
t
i
c
les
[5
-
8
]
.
D
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
i
s
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
,
t
h
e
y
e
l
l
o
w
Y
A
G
:C
e
3+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
p
a
r
t
i
c
le
s
w
i
ll
a
b
s
o
r
b
t
h
e
b
l
u
e
-
l
i
g
h
t
e
n
e
r
g
y
a
n
d
w
e
a
k
e
n
i
t
.
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
a
f
t
e
r
e
v
er
y
s
c
a
t
t
e
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
d
y
e
l
l
o
w
l
i
g
h
t
b
c
o
m
e
s
m
o
r
e
v
e
h
e
m
e
n
t
.
I
n
a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
,
t
h
e
l
i
g
h
t
i
n
t
e
n
s
it
y
d
is
t
r
i
b
u
ti
o
n
a
ls
o
a
f
f
e
c
ts
t
h
e
c
o
l
o
r
o
f
t
h
e
L
E
D
l
i
g
h
t
.
S
p
e
c
i
f
i
ca
l
l
y
,
t
h
e
e
m
i
t
t
e
d
l
i
g
h
t
w
i
ll
b
e
c
o
m
e
m
o
r
e
b
l
u
i
s
h
a
s
i
t
r
e
a
c
h
e
s
t
h
e
s
u
r
f
a
c
e
o
f
L
E
D
,
w
h
i
l
e
i
t
t
e
n
d
s
t
o
b
e
m
o
r
e
y
e
l
l
o
w
i
s
h
w
h
e
n
i
t
is
a
l
m
o
s
t
p
a
r
a
ll
e
l
t
o
t
h
e
s
u
r
f
a
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
L
E
D
.
T
h
u
s
,
i
f
t
h
e
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
l
i
g
h
t
i
n
t
e
n
s
it
y
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
,
i
t
c
a
n
r
e
s
u
lt
i
n
a
y
e
l
l
o
w
ci
r
c
l
e
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
w
h
i
t
e
l
i
g
h
t
,
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
a
ls
o
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
y
e
l
l
o
w
r
i
n
g
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
o
n
[
9
-
1
2
]
.
W
h
e
n
t
h
e
w
h
i
t
e
l
i
g
h
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
1
:
94
5
-
9
49
946
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
l
u
m
e
n
o
u
t
p
u
t
r
e
c
ei
v
e
t
h
e
o
p
t
i
m
iz
e
d
m
e
t
h
o
d
s
f
o
r
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
u
s
o
r
o
p
t
i
c
a
l
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
o
f
w
h
i
t
e
L
E
D
s
,
t
h
e
r
e
w
il
l
b
e
a
p
o
s
it
i
v
e
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
.
W
o
n
,
t
o
g
et
h
e
r
w
it
h
h
is
p
a
r
t
n
e
r
,
p
r
o
v
e
d
t
h
e
s
t
r
o
n
g
i
n
f
lu
e
n
c
e
o
f
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
g
e
o
m
e
t
r
y
o
n
t
h
e
l
u
m
i
n
o
u
s
i
n
ten
s
i
t
y
o
f
w
h
it
e
li
g
h
t
e
m
i
tt
i
n
g
d
io
d
e
(
W
L
E
D
)
d
e
v
i
ce
s
y
ie
l
d
i
n
g
b
e
t
t
e
r
c
o
l
o
r
q
u
a
l
it
y
s
c
a
l
e
(
C
QS
)
.
I
n
t
h
is
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
,
t
h
e
y
c
o
m
b
i
n
e
d
t
h
e
L
E
D
c
h
i
p
s
w
it
h
g
r
e
e
n
(
B
a
,
S
r
)
2
S
iO
4
:
E
u
2+
a
n
d
r
e
d
C
a
A
lS
iN
3
:
E
u
2+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
w
i
t
h
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
d
e
s
i
g
n
s
t
o
a
c
h
i
e
v
e
o
p
t
i
m
a
l
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
[
1
3
-
1
5
]
.
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
G
r
e
e
n
-
A
m
b
e
r
-
R
e
d
m
u
l
t
i
-
p
a
c
k
a
g
e
L
E
D
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
,
i
t
s
p
r
i
o
r
i
t
y
is
t
o
o
b
t
a
i
n
t
h
e
b
e
s
t
l
u
m
e
n
o
u
t
p
u
t
a
n
d
C
R
I
[
1
6
-
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
m
u
l
t
i
-
c
h
r
o
m
a
t
i
c
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
is
u
s
e
d
i
n
o
r
d
e
r
t
o
s
e
r
v
e
a
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
i
n
a
t
t
ai
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
b
e
t
t
e
r
q
u
a
li
ty
f
o
r
t
h
e
C
R
I
o
f
t
h
e
L
E
D
l
a
m
p
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
t
h
a
t
s
c
i
e
n
ti
s
t
s
h
a
v
e
a
l
wa
y
s
b
e
e
n
c
o
n
c
e
r
n
e
d
a
b
o
u
t
i
s
h
o
w
t
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
C
R
I
a
n
d
o
p
t
i
ca
l
o
u
t
p
u
t
,
b
u
t
t
h
e
y
i
g
n
o
r
e
t
h
e
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
t
h
e
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
i
t
y
o
f
c
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
c
o
l
o
r
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
(
C
C
T
)
.
M
o
r
e
o
v
e
r
,
t
h
e
W
L
E
D
p
a
c
k
a
g
es
t
h
e
s
e
a
r
ti
c
l
es
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
e
d
o
n
i
s
t
h
e
s
i
n
g
l
e
-
ch
i
p
o
n
e
.
I
n
o
t
h
e
r
w
o
r
d
s
,
t
h
e
i
r
r
e
s
u
l
ts
d
i
d
n
o
t
r
e
a
l
l
y
w
o
r
k
w
i
t
h
h
i
g
h
C
C
T
m
u
lt
i
-
c
h
ip
w
h
i
t
e
L
E
Ds
[
2
1
-
2
3
]
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
th
e
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
o
f
g
r
ee
n
(
Y,
Gd
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
h
elp
s
th
e
ch
r
o
m
atic
h
o
m
o
g
en
eity
an
d
th
e
lu
m
in
o
u
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
p
o
s
itiv
ely
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
i
n
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
u
s
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
u
tili
z
ed
in
MCW
-
L
E
D
s
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
lig
h
t
s
ca
tter
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Dep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
d
en
s
ity
o
f
(
Y,
Gd
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
p
ar
ticles
,
it
will
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
tr
en
d
o
f
th
e
lig
h
tin
g
q
u
ality
as
well
as
th
e
co
l
o
r
h
o
m
o
g
en
eity
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
co
n
tain
s
3
s
tag
es:
1
)
b
u
ild
i
n
g
th
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
M
C
W
-
L
E
Ds
;
2
)
b
len
d
in
g
(
Y,
G
d
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
with
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
in
th
e
s
im
u
lated
MCW
-
L
E
D
s
;
3
)
ca
r
r
y
in
g
o
u
t
th
e
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
o
n
h
o
w
(
Y,
Gd
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
co
n
c
en
tr
atio
n
af
f
ec
t
th
e
o
p
tical
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
em
is
s
io
n
s
p
ec
tr
a
an
d
th
e
s
ca
tter
in
g
.
T
o
s
u
m
u
p
,
if
(
Y,
Gd
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
an
d
YAG:Ce
3+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
in
L
E
D
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es,
it
will
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
u
n
if
o
r
m
ity
o
f
lig
h
t
c
o
lo
r
an
d
th
e
lu
m
in
o
u
s
f
l
u
x
.
2.
P
RE
P
ARA
T
I
O
N
AN
D
SI
M
UL
A
T
I
O
N
2
.
1
.
P
re
pa
r
a
t
io
n o
f
g
re
en
(
Y
,
G
d)BO
3
:
T
b
3+
ph
o
s
ph
o
r
(
Y,
Gd
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
is
a
p
o
ten
tial
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
m
ater
ial
f
o
r
L
E
D
p
ac
k
ag
es
d
u
e
to
th
eir
h
ig
h
lu
m
in
o
u
s
ef
f
icien
cy
.
B
ef
o
r
e
s
tar
tin
g
th
e
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
it
is
ess
en
tial
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
n
at
u
r
e
o
f
(
Y,
Gd
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
.
I
t
co
m
p
r
is
es
f
o
u
r
g
r
ass
r
o
o
ts
:
5
1
.
9
g
o
f
Y
2
O
3
(
ac
co
u
n
ti
n
g
f
o
r
2
3
%
o
f
th
e
c
o
m
p
o
u
n
d
)
,
8
3
.
4
g
r
am
o
f
Gd
2
O
3
(
h
av
in
g
t
h
e
s
am
e
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e
with
Y
2
O
3
)
,
1
5
g
r
am
s
o
f
T
b
4
O
7
(
v
er
y
s
m
all
am
o
u
n
t)
an
d
8
5
.
9
g
r
a
m
o
f
H
3
BO
3
(
m
ajo
r
m
o
le)
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
f
ab
r
icatin
g
(
Y,
Gd
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
is
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
as
f
o
llo
ws.
I
n
itially
,
d
r
y
b
len
d
i
n
g
ab
o
v
e
in
g
r
ed
ie
n
ts
.
Nex
t,
f
ir
in
g
th
e
m
ix
t
u
r
e
in
ca
p
p
ed
q
u
a
r
tz
tu
b
es
with
air
f
lo
ws
an
d
a
t
4
0
0
-
500
0
C
f
o
r
2
h
o
u
r
s
.
Af
ter
th
at,
p
u
ttin
g
s
lu
r
r
y
p
o
wd
er
in
b
o
ilin
g
1
0
%
HC
I
f
o
r
3
0
m
in
u
tes.
T
h
en
,
d
ec
a
n
tin
g
it
with
b
o
ilin
g
wate
r
u
n
til
n
eu
tr
al.
Fin
ally
,
d
r
y
in
g
it
at
1
1
0
0
C
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
cr
ea
tin
g
(
Y,
Gd
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
is
s
ee
n
as
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
wh
en
th
e
m
ix
tu
r
e
ca
n
r
e
q
u
ir
es
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
o
p
tical
p
r
o
p
er
ti
es.
Du
r
in
g
t
h
e
em
is
s
io
n
,
th
e
c
o
m
p
o
u
n
d
h
as
g
r
ee
n
co
lo
r
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
its
em
is
s
io
n
p
ea
k
is
5
4
4
m
m
,
an
d
-
3
.
4
0
eV,
+4
.
8
8
eV
an
d
+8
.
4
0
e
V
ar
e
th
e
i
n
d
ex
o
f
ex
citatio
n
ef
f
icien
cy
b
y
UV
.
2
.
2
.
MC
-
WL
E
D
s
im
ula
t
io
n
L
ig
h
tTo
o
ls
8
.
1
.
0
p
r
o
g
r
am
an
d
th
e
Mo
n
te
C
ar
lo
m
eth
o
d
ar
e
ap
p
lied
to
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
th
e
M
C
-
W
L
E
Ds
s
im
u
latio
n
with
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
g
r
ee
n
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
(
Y,
Gd
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
it
is
c
r
u
cial
to
o
b
s
er
v
e
a
n
d
ev
alu
ate
th
e
in
f
l
u
en
ce
s
o
f
(
Y,
Gd
)
BO
3
:Tb
3+
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
o
n
th
e
o
p
tical
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
W
-
L
E
D
p
ac
k
ag
es
,
s
ee
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
a)
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
W
L
E
D
u
s
ed
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
h
as
av
e
r
ag
e
C
C
T
o
f
5
6
0
0
K
a
n
d
8
5
0
0
K.
T
h
e
r
ef
lecto
r
,
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
elem
en
ts
c
o
m
p
r
is
in
g
W
L
E
D
lam
p
,
h
as
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
8
m
m
in
b
o
tto
m
len
g
th
,
2
.
0
7
m
m
in
h
eig
h
t,
an
d
9
.
8
5
m
m
in
to
p
s
u
r
f
ac
e
len
g
th
.
E
ac
h
L
E
D
c
h
ip
em
b
e
d
d
e
d
to
th
e
r
ef
lecto
r
’
s
ca
v
ity
o
wn
s
1
.
1
4
m
m
2
s
q
u
ar
e
b
ase
ar
ea
,
a
h
eig
h
t
o
f
0
.
1
5
m
m
,
th
e
r
ad
ian
t
p
o
wer
o
f
1
.
1
6
W
,
an
d
a
wav
elen
g
th
th
at
p
ea
k
s
at
4
5
3
n
m
.
T
h
e
0
.
0
8
m
m
th
ick
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
er
s
a
r
e
p
lace
d
o
v
e
r
th
e
n
in
e
L
E
D
ch
ip
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
c
)
s
h
o
ws
a
clea
r
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
a
MCW
-
L
E
D
p
ac
k
ag
e
with
r
e
m
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
t
wo
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
er
s
:
y
ello
w
YAG:Ce
3+
an
d
g
r
ee
n
(
Y,
Gd
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
lay
er
s
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
it
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
n
o
te
th
at
th
e
g
r
ee
n
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
(
Y,
Gd
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
is
a
b
o
v
e
th
e
y
ello
w
YAG:Ce
3+
lay
er
.
Le
a
d
f
r
a
m
e
:
4
.
7
mm
J
e
n
t
e
c
h
S
i
z
e
-
S
LED
c
h
i
p
:
V
4
5
H
D
i
e
a
t
t
a
c
h
:
S
u
m
i
t
o
m
o
1
2
9
5
S
A
G
o
l
d
W
i
r
e
:
1
.
0
mi
l
P
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
:
I
TC
N
Y
A
G
4
_
EL
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
ll
u
s
tr
atio
n
o
f
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
-
co
n
v
er
te
d
MCW
-
L
E
Ds as
d
o
p
in
g
(
Y,
Gd
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
: (
a)
T
h
e
ac
tu
al
MCW
-
L
E
D
s
,
(
b
)
its
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
an
d
(
c)
d
u
al
-
r
e
m
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
E
n
h
a
n
ce
me
n
t o
f lu
min
o
u
s
flu
x
a
n
d
c
o
lo
r
q
u
a
lity o
f
… (
My
Ha
n
h
N
g
u
ye
n
Th
i
)
947
B
y
ap
p
ly
in
g
th
e
Mie
-
th
eo
r
y
,
th
e
s
ca
tter
in
g
o
f
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
p
ar
ticles
ca
n
b
e
an
aly
ze
d
ea
s
ily
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
ac
tu
al
p
a
r
am
eter
a
v
er
ag
e
d
iam
eter
f
o
r
all
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
u
s
p
ar
ticles
was
1
4
.
5
m
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
em
is
s
io
n
s
p
ec
tr
a
o
f
W
L
E
Ds
with
a
d
u
al
-
r
em
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
d
o
p
in
g
1
0
%
(
Y,
Gd
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
o
b
v
io
u
s
ly
f
r
o
m
th
is
ch
ar
t
th
at
t
h
e
y
ield
e
d
lu
m
i
n
escen
ce
o
f
MCW
-
L
E
Ds
b
e
co
m
es
b
etter
af
ter
(
Y,
Gd
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
p
ar
ticles ar
e
ad
d
ed
in
t
o
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
E
m
is
s
io
n
s
p
ec
tr
a
o
f
MCW
-
L
E
D
s
3.
CO
M
P
UT
AT
I
O
N
A
ND
DI
S
CUSS
I
O
N
T
h
e
Mie
-
s
ca
tter
in
g
th
eo
r
y
[
2
4
-
26
]
p
lay
s
an
in
p
r
o
tan
t
r
o
le
in
ca
r
r
y
in
g
o
u
t
th
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
o
f
s
ca
tter
in
g
co
ef
f
icien
t
μ
sca
t
o
v
er
if
y
o
p
tical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
in
g
.
T
h
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
am
o
n
g
th
e
s
ca
tter
in
g
co
ef
f
icien
t
(
SC
)
,
th
e
wav
elen
g
th
,
an
d
th
e
s
ize
o
f
(
Y,
Gd
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
p
ar
ticles
is
d
escr
ib
ed
b
y
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
eq
u
atio
n
s
:
Her
e,
f
(
D)
is
th
e
s
ize
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
c
i
s
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
(
g
/cm
3
)
,
C
sca,
D
is
th
e
s
ca
tter
in
g
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
with
a
p
ar
ticle
d
iam
eter
o
f
D.
̄
(
)
in
d
icate
s
th
e
s
ca
tter
in
g
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
an
d
̄
s
h
o
ws th
e
p
ar
ticle
m
ass
o
f
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
in
teg
r
ated
o
v
er
f
(
D
)
.
(
)
an
d
(
)
ar
e
th
e
s
ca
tter
ed
p
o
wer
b
y
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
p
ar
ticles an
d
th
e
ir
r
ad
ia
n
ce
in
te
n
s
ity
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
(
)
=
̄
̄
(
)
(
1
)
̄
(
)
=
∫
,
(
)
(
)
∫
∫
(
)
∫
(
2
)
̄
=
∫
(
)
(
)
∫
∫
(
)
∫
(
3
)
(
)
=
(
)
(
)
(
4
)
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
we
c
alcu
late
th
e
s
ca
tter
in
g
co
e
f
f
i
cien
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
ca
tter
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
(
Y,
Gd
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
n
t
r
atio
n
s
an
d
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
tr
ig
g
er
s
o
f
(
Y,
Gd
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3
+
will
b
e
a
ca
taly
s
t
th
at
ca
u
s
es
SC
o
f
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
t
o
f
lu
ctu
ate
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
.
W
h
en
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
(
Y,
Gd
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
in
cr
ea
s
es,
S
C
also
b
ec
o
m
e
h
ig
h
e
r
at
an
y
p
ar
ticle
s
ize
o
f
(
Y,
Gd
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
.
W
ith
a
s
ize
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
1
μ
m
,
SC
r
ea
ch
es
th
e
h
ig
h
est
v
alu
e
as
well
a
s
m
ak
es
th
e
co
lo
r
u
n
if
o
r
m
ity
d
ev
elo
p
b
etter
.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
(
Y,
Gd
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
s
ize
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atel
y
1
μ
m
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
ch
o
s
en
if
th
e
tar
g
et
is
C
QS
.
Oth
er
wis
e,
it
is
ar
o
u
n
d
7
μ
m
,
th
e
SC
o
f
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
e
r
t
en
d
s
to
b
e
m
u
ch
m
o
r
e
s
tead
y
with
o
u
t
co
n
c
er
n
in
g
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
(
Y,
Gd
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
,
w
h
ich
g
i
v
e
s
th
e
co
lo
r
q
u
ality
(
C
QS)
o
f
th
e
L
E
Ds
s
o
m
an
y
b
en
ef
its
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
if
th
e
tar
g
et
is
C
QS,
th
e
lig
h
ter
s
ize
o
f
7
μ
m
ca
n
b
e
s
elec
ted
.
Ob
v
io
u
s
ly
,
th
e
SC
v
alu
e
is
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
o
n
n
o
t
o
n
ly
th
e
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
b
u
t
also
th
e
s
iz
e
o
f
(
Y,
G
d
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
,
wh
ich
is
th
e
r
ea
s
o
n
wh
y
(
Y,
Gd
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
is
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
f
o
r
th
e
e
n
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t o
f
t
h
e
lu
m
en
ef
f
icac
y
an
d
co
lo
r
q
u
ality
o
f
W
L
E
Ds.
I
n
th
is
a
r
ticle,
th
e
L
E
D
p
r
o
d
u
ct
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
m
u
s
t
b
e
s
tr
ictly
ad
h
e
r
ed
.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
o
f
MCW
-
L
E
D
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
b
o
u
n
d
with
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
C
C
T
s
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
ly
,
wh
e
n
th
e
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
th
e
(
Y,
Gd
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
in
cr
ea
s
es,
a
s
tr
o
n
g
r
ed
u
ctio
n
i
n
y
ello
w
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
YAG:Ce
3+
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
s
tab
ilizin
g
th
e
av
er
ag
e
C
C
T
s
.
T
h
e
C
C
T
p
ea
k
-
v
alley
d
ev
iatio
n
ten
d
s
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
s
h
ar
p
ly
wh
en
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
(
Y,
Gd
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
in
cr
ea
s
es,
as
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
I
n
o
th
er
wo
r
d
s
,
th
e
s
p
atial
co
lo
r
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
MCW
-
L
E
Ds
with
(
Y,
Gd
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
is
m
u
ch
f
latter
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
th
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
(
Y,
Gd
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
1
:
94
5
-
9
49
948
T
o
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
th
e
b
est
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
f
o
r
W
L
E
D
p
ac
k
ag
es,
it
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
at
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
an
d
o
p
tim
izatio
n
is
s
u
es a
r
e
in
b
alan
ce
.
I
n
o
th
e
r
wo
r
d
s
,
we
n
ee
d
to
f
o
cu
s
o
n
ad
v
an
cin
g
b
o
th
o
f
t
h
em
,
n
o
t
ju
s
t
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
o
n
e
elem
en
t
as
th
is
will
m
a
k
e
th
e
o
p
tical
s
y
s
tem
b
ec
o
m
e
wea
k
in
th
e
o
th
er
asp
ec
t,
o
r
in
an
o
th
er
m
an
n
er
,
C
QS
an
d
th
e
lu
m
in
esc
en
ce
ef
f
icac
y
o
f
a
wh
ite
L
E
D
lam
p
ca
n
n
o
t
co
n
tem
p
o
r
an
eo
u
s
ly
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
b
est
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
we
n
ee
d
to
o
b
tain
g
o
o
d
C
R
I
,
an
d
a
t
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e,
a
b
r
o
ad
s
o
u
r
ce
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
an
d
ef
f
icien
cy
m
u
s
t
b
e
m
ax
im
ized
a
t
m
o
n
o
ch
r
o
m
atic
r
ad
iatio
n
wi
th
a
wav
elen
g
th
o
f
5
5
5
n
m
.
C
o
n
s
id
er
i
n
g
th
is
is
s
u
e,
th
e
p
a
p
er
m
ak
es
th
e
i
n
d
ex
e
s
o
f
C
QS,
lu
m
en
o
u
t
p
u
t,
an
d
t
h
e
P
-
V
d
ev
iatio
n
o
f
C
C
T
th
r
ee
co
m
p
etito
r
s
.
I
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
6
,
th
e
lu
m
e
n
o
u
tp
u
t
an
d
th
e
co
lo
r
q
u
ality
s
ca
le
ar
e
d
escr
ib
ed
f
o
llo
win
g
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
(
Y,
Gd
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
.
As
c
an
b
e
s
ee
n
,
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
(
Y,
Gd
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
will
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
en
h
an
ce
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
lu
m
in
o
u
s
f
lu
x
,
b
u
t
will
d
eg
r
a
d
e
th
e
C
QS.
Ho
wev
er
,
if
th
er
e
is
a
s
m
all
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
th
e
co
n
ce
n
t
r
atio
n
o
f
(
Y,
Gd
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
,
it
will
h
elp
to
in
cr
e
ase
b
o
th
th
e
C
C
T
h
o
m
o
g
en
eity
an
d
th
e
lu
m
in
escen
ce
ef
f
icac
y
.
(
a
)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
P
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
in
g
; (
a)
t
h
e
co
m
p
u
ted
v
al
u
es o
f
s
ca
tter
in
g
co
ef
f
icie
n
ts
,
an
d
(
b
)
s
ca
tter
in
g
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
C
C
T
p
ea
k
-
v
alle
y
d
ev
iatio
n
as a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
(
Y,
Gd
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
L
u
m
in
o
u
s
f
lu
x
as a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
(
Y,
Gd
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
C
o
lo
r
q
u
ality
s
ca
le
a
s
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
c
o
n
ce
n
t
r
atio
n
o
f
(
Y,
Gd
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
co
n
clu
s
io
n
,
th
e
p
o
ten
c
y
o
f
u
s
in
g
g
r
ee
n
(
Y,
Gd
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
in
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
ac
q
u
ir
in
g
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
o
r
C
C
T
u
n
if
o
r
m
ity
a
n
d
lu
m
i
n
o
u
s
in
ten
s
ity
o
f
wh
ite
L
E
D
d
ev
ices
is
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
r
o
u
g
h
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
t
h
e
ar
tic
le.
Firstl
y
,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
Mie
s
ca
tter
in
g
th
e
o
r
y
,
th
e
co
lo
r
u
n
if
o
r
m
ity
is
v
e
r
y
d
iv
er
s
e,
r
eg
ar
d
less
o
f
th
e
av
e
r
ag
e
C
C
T
v
alu
e,
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
lig
h
t
-
s
ca
tter
in
g
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
to
th
e
W
L
E
Ds.
B
esid
es
th
at,
with
th
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
r
o
m
Mo
n
te
C
ar
lo
s
im
u
latio
n
,
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
in
lu
m
en
v
alu
es
is
p
r
esen
ted
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
E
n
h
a
n
ce
me
n
t o
f lu
min
o
u
s
flu
x
a
n
d
c
o
lo
r
q
u
a
lity o
f
… (
My
Ha
n
h
N
g
u
ye
n
Th
i
)
949
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
b
y
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
-
d
e
p
en
d
en
t
(
Y,
Gd
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
.
I
n
d
e
ed
,
th
e
lu
m
en
o
u
tp
u
t
in
cr
ea
s
es
to
g
eth
er
with
th
e
ch
an
g
e
o
f
(
Y,
Gd
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
th
at
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
lead
s
to
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
C
QS.
Ho
wev
er
,
if
we
r
ed
u
ce
a
s
m
all
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
(
Y,
Gd
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
,
th
e
L
E
D
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
ca
n
attain
b
etter
C
QS
an
d
lu
m
in
o
u
s
f
lu
x
.
I
n
s
h
o
r
t,
(
Y,
Gd
)
B
O
3
:Tb
3+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
ca
n
b
e
a
r
ig
h
t
an
s
wer
f
o
r
th
e
in
q
u
ir
y
in
to
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
o
p
tical
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
o
f
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
u
s
lay
er
s
an
d
MCW
-
L
E
D
f
ab
r
icatio
n
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
is
f
u
n
d
ed
b
y
Fo
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
Scien
ce
an
d
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
De
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
T
o
n
Du
c
T
h
an
g
Un
iv
er
s
ity
(
FOSTE
C
T
)
,
web
s
ite: h
ttp
://fo
s
tect.
td
t
u
.
ed
u
.
v
n
,
u
n
d
er
Gr
a
n
t FOSTE
C
T
.
2
0
1
7
.
B
R
.
0
6
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
V.
F
u
e
rtes
e
t
a
l.
,
"
E
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
l
u
m
in
e
sc
e
n
c
e
in
ra
re
-
e
a
rth
-
fre
e
fa
st
-
sin
terin
g
g
las
s
-
c
e
ra
m
ic,"
Op
ti
c
a
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
6
6
8
-
6
7
9
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
]
X.
Hu
a
n
g
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Hig
h
-
b
rig
h
tn
e
s
s
a
n
d
h
ig
h
-
c
o
l
o
r
p
u
ri
ty
re
d
-
e
m
it
t
in
g
Ca
3
Lu
,
AlO.
3
,
BO
3
.
4
:
Eu
3
+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
rs
wit
h
in
tern
a
l
q
u
a
n
t
u
m
e
fficie
n
c
y
c
l
o
se
to
u
n
it
y
f
o
r
n
e
a
r
-
u
l
trav
io
let
-
b
a
se
d
wh
it
e
-
li
g
h
t
-
e
m
it
ti
n
g
d
i
o
d
e
s,
"
O
p
t.
L
e
tt
,
v
o
l.
4
3
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
3
0
7
-
1
3
1
0
,
2
0
1
8
.
[3
]
W.
G
a
o
e
t
a
l.
,
"
C
o
lo
r
tem
p
e
r
a
tu
re
tu
n
a
b
le
p
h
o
sp
h
o
r
-
c
o
a
te
d
wh
it
e
LE
Ds
with
e
x
c
e
ll
e
n
t
p
h
o
to
m
e
tri
c
a
n
d
c
o
lo
rime
tri
c
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
s,"
O
p
t.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
5
7
,
n
o
.
3
1
,
p
p
.
9
3
2
2
-
9
3
2
7
,
2
0
1
8
.
[4
]
H.
L.
Ke
e
t
a
l.
,
"
L
u
m
e
n
d
e
g
ra
d
a
ti
o
n
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
LE
D
lam
p
s
b
a
se
d
o
n
th
e
s
u
b
sy
ste
m
iso
latio
n
m
e
th
o
d
,
"
A
p
p
l.
Op
t
,
v
o
l.
5
7
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
8
4
9
-
8
5
4
,
2
0
1
8
.
[5
]
S
.
Be
ld
i
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Hi
g
h
Q
-
fa
c
to
r
n
e
a
r
in
fra
re
d
a
n
d
v
isi
b
le
Al2
O
3
-
b
a
se
d
p
a
ra
ll
e
l
-
p
late
c
a
p
a
c
it
o
r
k
in
e
ti
c
in
d
u
c
tan
c
e
d
e
tec
to
rs,"
Op
t.
Ex
p
re
ss
,
v
o
l
.
2
7
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
1
3
3
1
9
-
1
3
3
2
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[6
]
H.
Li
u
e
t
a
l.
,
"
De
sig
n
o
f
a
six
-
g
a
s
ND
IR
g
a
s
se
n
so
r
u
sin
g
a
n
i
n
teg
ra
ted
o
p
ti
c
a
l
g
a
s
c
h
a
m
b
e
r,
"
Op
t.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
2
8
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
1
1
4
5
1
-
1
1
4
6
2
,
2
0
2
0
.
[7
]
D.
Lu
e
t
a
l.
,
"
S
y
n
t
h
e
sis
a
n
d
p
h
o
to
lu
m
in
e
sc
e
n
c
e
c
h
a
ra
c
teristics
o
f
th
e
Li
G
d
3,
M
o
O4
.
5
:
Eu
3
+
re
d
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
with
h
i
g
h
c
o
lo
r
p
u
rit
y
a
n
d
b
rig
h
t
n
e
ss
,
"
Op
t.
M
a
ter
.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
5
9
-
2
6
9
,
2
0
1
8
.
[8
]
L.
Wu
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Hy
b
r
id
wa
rm
-
wh
it
e
o
rg
a
n
ic
li
g
h
t
-
e
m
it
ti
n
g
d
e
v
ice
b
a
se
d
o
n
tan
d
e
m
stru
c
tu
re
,
"
Op
t.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
2
6
,
n
o
.
2
6
,
p
p
.
A
9
9
6
-
A1
0
0
6
,
2
0
1
8
.
[9
]
S
.
El
m
a
lem
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Lea
rn
e
d
p
h
a
s
e
c
o
d
e
d
a
p
e
rtu
re
fo
r
th
e
b
e
n
e
fit
o
f
d
e
p
th
o
f
field
e
x
ten
si
o
n
,
"
Op
t.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
2
6
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
1
5
3
1
6
-
1
5
3
3
1
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
0
]
J.
H.
Kim
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
y
n
th
e
sis
o
f
M
n
-
d
o
p
e
d
C
u
G
a
S
2
q
u
a
n
tu
m
d
o
ts
a
n
d
t
h
e
ir
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
a
s
sin
g
le
d
o
w
n
c
o
n
v
e
rters
fo
r
h
ig
h
-
c
o
l
o
r
re
n
d
e
rin
g
so
li
d
-
sta
te l
i
g
h
ti
n
g
d
e
v
ice
s,"
Op
t.
M
a
ter
.
Exp
r
e
ss
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
2
1
-
2
3
0
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
1
]
C.
Ti
a
n
e
t
a
l.
,
"
M
n
4+
a
c
ti
v
a
ted
Al
2
O
3
re
d
-
e
m
it
ti
n
g
c
e
ra
m
ic
p
h
o
sp
h
o
r
wit
h
e
x
c
e
ll
e
n
t
t
h
e
rm
a
l
c
o
n
d
u
c
ti
v
it
y
,
"
Op
t
.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
2
7
,
n
o
.
2
2
,
p
p
.
3
2
6
6
6
-
3
2
6
7
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
2
]
X.
D.
Len
g
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
F
e
a
sib
il
it
y
o
f
c
o
-
re
g
istere
d
u
lt
ra
so
u
n
d
a
n
d
a
c
o
u
stic
-
re
so
lu
ti
o
n
p
h
o
to
a
c
o
u
stic
im
a
g
in
g
o
f
h
u
m
a
n
c
o
lo
re
c
tal
c
a
n
c
e
r,
"
Bi
o
me
d
.
O
p
t.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
5
1
5
9
-
5
1
7
2
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
3
]
H.
S
.
E.
G
h
o
ro
u
ry
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
Co
lo
r
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
tu
n
a
b
le
wh
it
e
li
g
h
t
b
a
se
d
o
n
m
o
n
o
li
t
h
ic
c
o
lo
r
-
t
u
n
a
b
le
li
g
h
t
e
m
it
ti
n
g
d
io
d
e
s,"
Op
t.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
2
8
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
2
0
6
-
1
2
1
5
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
4
]
J.
Ch
e
n
g
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
P
h
o
to
l
u
m
in
e
sc
e
n
c
e
p
ro
p
e
rti
e
s
o
f
Ca
4
La
6
,
S
iO
4.
4
,
P
O
4.
2
O
2
-
b
a
se
d
p
h
o
sp
h
o
rs
fo
r
wLE
Ds
,
"
Ch
in
.
Op
t
.
L
e
tt
,
v
o
l.
1
7
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
0
5
1
6
0
2
-
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
5
]
Y.
Y
a
n
g
e
t
a
l.
,
"
L
o
w
c
o
m
p
lex
i
t
y
OFDM
VLC
sy
ste
m
e
n
a
b
led
b
y
sp
a
ti
a
l
su
m
m
in
g
m
o
d
u
latio
n
,
"
Op
t.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
2
7
,
n
o
.
2
1
,
p
p
.
3
0
7
8
8
-
3
0
7
9
5
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
6
]
L.
He
e
t
a
l.
,
"
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
AlG
a
N
-
b
a
s
e
d
3
6
5
n
m
u
lt
ra
v
io
let
l
ig
h
t
-
e
m
it
ti
n
g
d
i
o
d
e
s
with
a
b
a
n
d
-
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
las
t
q
u
a
n
tu
m
b
a
rrier,"
Op
t.
L
e
tt
,
v
o
l.
4
3
,
p
p
.
5
1
5
-
5
1
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
7
]
Y.
Wan
g
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
Co
n
tro
l
li
n
g
o
p
ti
c
a
l
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
rs
o
f
Er
3+
d
o
p
e
d
S
r
2
Ca
WO
6
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
o
p
i
n
g
a
n
d
c
h
a
n
g
in
g
e
x
c
it
a
ti
o
n
p
o
we
rs,"
Op
t.
M
a
ter
.
E
x
p
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
1
9
2
6
-
1
9
3
9
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
8
]
J.
Ji
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Th
e
o
re
ti
c
a
l
a
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
a
wh
it
e
-
li
g
h
t
LE
D
a
rra
y
b
a
se
d
o
n
a
G
a
N
n
a
n
o
ro
d
str
u
c
tu
re
,
"
Ap
p
l.
Op
t
,
v
o
l.
5
9
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
2
3
4
5
-
2
3
5
1
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
9
]
W.
Wan
g
e
t
a
l.
,
"
O
n
t
h
e
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
n
e
ffe
c
ti
v
e
ima
g
e
a
c
q
u
i
siti
o
n
sy
ste
m
fo
r
d
iam
o
n
d
q
u
a
li
ty
g
ra
d
i
n
g
,
"
A
p
p
l.
Op
t,
v
o
l.
5
7
,
n
o
.
3
3
,
p
p
.
9
8
8
7
-
9
8
9
7
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
0
]
Y.
F
.
Hu
a
n
g
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
Re
d
/
g
re
e
n
/b
lu
e
LD
m
ix
e
d
wh
i
te
-
li
g
h
t
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
a
t
6
5
0
0
K
with
d
i
v
e
rg
e
n
t
d
iffu
se
r
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
,
"
Op
t.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
2
6
,
n
o
.
1
8
,
p
p
.
2
3
3
9
7
-
2
3
4
1
0
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
1
]
O.
Ku
n
ied
a
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Hig
h
-
q
u
a
li
ty
fu
ll
-
p
a
ra
ll
a
x
fu
ll
-
c
o
lo
r
t
h
re
e
-
d
ime
n
sio
n
a
l
ima
g
e
re
c
o
n
str
u
c
ted
b
y
sta
c
k
i
n
g
larg
e
-
sc
a
le co
m
p
u
ter
-
g
e
n
e
ra
ted
v
o
lu
m
e
h
o
lo
g
ra
m
s,"
A
p
p
l
.
Op
t
,
v
o
l
.
5
8
,
n
o
.
3
4
,
p
p
.
G
1
0
4
-
G
1
1
1
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
2
]
A.
Kro
h
n
e
t
a
l.
,
"
LCD
-
Ba
se
d
O
p
ti
c
a
l
F
il
terin
g
S
u
it
a
b
le
f
o
r
No
n
-
Im
a
g
i
n
g
Ch
a
n
n
e
l
De
c
o
rr
e
latio
n
i
n
VLC
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,"
J
.
L
i
g
h
tw
a
v
e
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
,
v
o
l.
3
7
,
n
o
.
2
3
,
p
p
.
5
8
9
2
-
5
8
9
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
3
]
B.
Qiu
e
t
a
l.
,
"
S
y
n
th
e
sis
a
n
d
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
l
u
m
in
e
sc
e
n
t
p
r
o
p
e
rti
e
s
o
f
S
iO2
@LaPO
4
:Ce3
+
/T
b
3
+
m
icro
sp
h
e
re
s,"
O
p
t
.
M
a
te
r.
Ex
p
re
ss
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
5
9
-
6
5
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
4
]
Y.
Zh
a
n
g
e
t
a
l.
,
"
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
o
p
ti
m
izi
n
g
t
h
e
c
h
r
o
m
a
ti
c
h
o
l
o
g
ra
p
h
ic
wa
v
e
g
u
id
e
d
isp
lay
sy
ste
m
,
"
Ap
p
l.
O
p
t
,
v
o
l.
5
8
,
n
o
.
3
4
,
p
p
.
G
8
4
-
G
9
0
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
5
]
Q.
T.
Vin
h
e
t
a
l.
,
"
P
re
li
m
i
n
a
ry
m
e
a
su
re
fo
r
th
e
c
h
a
ra
c
teriz
a
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
u
se
f
u
ln
e
ss
o
f
li
g
h
t
so
u
rc
e
s
,
"
Op
t.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
2
6
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
1
4
5
3
8
-
1
4
5
5
1
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
6
]
H.
P
.
Hu
a
n
g
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Wh
it
e
a
p
p
e
a
ra
n
c
e
o
f
a
tab
let
d
isp
la
y
u
n
d
e
r
d
iffere
n
t
a
m
b
ien
t
l
ig
h
ti
n
g
c
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
s
,
"
Op
t
.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
2
6
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
5
0
1
8
-
5
0
3
0
,
2
0
1
8
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.