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1
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p
.
1507
~
1516
I
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1693
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6930,
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N
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/
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P
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2018
D
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:
10.
12928/
T
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K
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.
v1
9
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.
19278
1507
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T
E
L
K
O
M
N
I
K
A
Mea
s
u
re
ex
t
en
di
bi
l
i
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y
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ex
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ens
i
bi
l
i
t
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et
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T
a
g
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reed
R
i
y
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d
h
A
l
ref
f
a
ee
,
M
a
r
wa
h
M
.
A.
Da
b
d
a
wb
,
D
u
j
a
n
B.
Ta
h
a
De
pa
r
tm
e
n
t of
S
of
twa
r
e
,
C
o
lle
ge
of
C
om
pu
te
r
sc
i
e
nc
e
a
nd M
a
t
he
m
a
t
ic
s,
Un
iv
e
r
si
ty
of
M
o
su
l,
M
os
ul,
Iraq
A
rt
i
cl
e I
n
f
o
AB
S
T
RACT
A
r
tic
le
h
is
to
r
y
:
R
ecei
v
ed
D
e
c
31,
2020
R
ev
i
s
ed
M
a
r
16,
2021
A
ccep
t
ed
M
a
r
30,
2021
So
ft
w
are
de
s
ig
n
i
s o
ne
of
t
he
ve
r
y im
por
ta
n
t p
ha
se
s of
the
sof
twa
r
e
e
ng
ine
e
r
in
g.
The
c
o
st
s of
s
of
t
wa
r
e
c
a
n be
m
i
nim
iz
e
d
if
im
pr
o
ve
m
e
n
ts
or
c
or
r
e
c
t
io
ns m
a
de
d
ur
in
g th
is s
ta
ge
.
S
e
ve
r
a
l of
t
he
c
ur
r
e
nt
c
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
a
i
d
e
d
sof
t
wa
r
e
e
ng
ine
e
r
in
g (
C
A
SE
)
t
oo
ls li
ke
e
n
t
e
r
p
r
i
s
e
a
r
c
h
i
t
e
c
t
(
EA)
v
12
do
no
t
ha
ve
the
c
a
pa
bi
li
ty t
o im
pr
ove
t
he
de
si
gn.
T
hi
s wor
k
a
im
s to de
ve
lo
p a
n
a
lg
or
i
thm
tha
t he
l
ps t
he
sof
twa
r
e
e
n
gi
ne
e
r
s e
va
lua
ti
n
g the
de
s
ig
n qua
li
ty
uti
li
z
i
ng o
ne
of
the
ob
je
c
t
-
or
ie
nte
d (
OO)
de
s
ig
n m
o
de
l
s na
m
e
l
y qua
li
ty
met
ri
c
s
fo
r
o
bje
c
t
-
o
ri
en
t
ed
de
si
gn
(
QM
O
OD)
w
hic
h r
e
pr
e
se
n
ts a
s
hie
r
a
r
c
hic
a
l m
ode
l
t
ha
t
de
sc
r
ibe
s
t
he
r
e
la
t
io
ns
hi
p be
tw
e
e
n
qua
li
ty a
ttr
ib
ute
s
suc
h a
s r
e
usa
bi
li
ty,
e
xte
nd
ib
il
it
y a
n
d pr
ope
r
tie
s of
the
de
s
ig
n of
OO
de
s
ig
n.
Th
is a
lg
or
i
thm
de
sc
r
i
be
se
d ho
w the
a
sse
ssm
e
nt o
f
the
e
xte
n
di
bi
li
ty
/
e
xte
n
s
ib
il
it
y us
in
g t
he
s
of
t
wa
r
e
m
e
tr
ic
s
ha
s b
e
e
n d
one
a
nd t
he
im
pa
c
t
of
t
he
inv
ol
ve
d m
e
tr
ic
s in t
he
e
x
te
n
di
bi
li
ty va
lue
.
R
e
s
ul
ts o
bta
ine
d de
m
o
ns
tr
a
te
t
he
e
f
f
e
c
t
of
O
O
de
si
gn
m
e
tr
ic
s
suc
h a
s i
nhe
r
ita
nc
e
,
p
ol
y
m
or
p
hism
,
a
bs
tr
a
c
ti
on
a
nd c
o
up
li
ng i
n qua
li
ty c
ha
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
st
ic
s l
ike
e
x
te
n
si
bi
li
ty.
The
r
e
s
ul
ts s
ho
w
tha
t lo
we
r
va
l
ue
s
of
a
bs
tr
a
c
t
io
n a
n
d c
ou
pl
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g,
ob
t
a
in h
ig
he
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va
l
ue
of
e
xte
nd
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il
it
y whic
h m
e
a
ns t
he
c
la
ss d
ia
gr
a
m
i
s r
e
a
dy
to a
c
c
e
pt a
dd
it
io
na
l
im
pr
ove
m
e
nt
s.
The
pr
o
po
se
d a
l
gor
it
hm
ha
s be
e
n te
s
t
e
d on tw
o dif
f
e
r
en
t
sys
te
m
s (
te
st c
a
se
s)
tha
t va
r
y in t
he
ir
c
la
s
s dia
gr
a
m
s
,
f
unc
ti
ona
li
tie
s,
a
nd
c
om
p
le
x
it
ie
s.
Ke
y
wo
r
d
s
:
EA
E
x
te
n
s
ib
ility
M
et
r
i
cs
OO
QM
OOD
Q
u
al
i
t
y
as
s
u
r
an
ce
U
ML
X
MI
X
ML
T
his
is
a
n
o
pe
n
ac
c
e
s
s
ar
tic
le
u
nde
r
the
CC
B
Y
-
SA
lic
e
n
se
.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
di
n
g A
u
t
h
or
:
T
ag
h
r
eed
R
i
y
ad
h
A
l
r
ef
f
aee
D
ep
ar
t
m
en
t
o
f
S
o
f
t
w
ar
e
U
ni
ve
r
s
i
t
y of
M
os
ul
Mo
su
l
, I
r
aq
E
ma
il:
t
a
ghr
e
e
d_r
e
ya
d@
uom
os
ul
.
e
du
.
i
q
1.
I
NT
RO
DUC
T
I
O
N
Q
u
a
lity
ma
n
a
g
e
me
n
t s
y
s
te
m d
e
a
ls
w
ith
o
r
ga
ni
z
a
t
i
ona
l
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
,
pr
oc
e
dur
e
s
,
r
e
s
pons
i
bi
l
i
t
y,
c
o
mp
a
tib
ilitie
s
,
a
c
tiv
itie
s
a
n
d
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
th
a
t to
g
e
th
e
r
s
e
e
k
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
a
t s
o
f
tw
a
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
w
ill
me
e
t its
i
nt
e
nda
nt
pur
pos
e
[
1
].
O
f
te
n
,
q
u
a
lity
e
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng
a
nd m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
i
s
m
i
s
unde
r
s
t
ood.
T
hi
s
i
s
due
t
o
t
he
f
a
c
t
th
a
t th
e
te
r
m
‘
q
u
a
lity
’
i
s
a
m
bi
guous
.
T
hi
s
c
on
f
us
i
on c
a
n be
a
r
e
s
ul
t
of
s
e
ve
r
a
l
r
e
a
s
ons
l
i
ke
:
−
Q
u
al
i
t
y
i
s
a w
i
d
e co
n
cep
t
r
at
h
er
t
h
an
a s
i
n
g
l
e i
d
ea.
−
T
h
er
e can
b
e s
ev
er
al
l
ev
el
s
o
f
i
n
t
er
p
r
e
t
at
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
q
u
al
i
t
y
b
ecau
s
e an
y
co
n
cep
t
car
r
i
es
l
ev
el
s
o
f
ab
s
t
r
ac
t
i
o
n
.
−
Q
ua
l
i
t
y i
s
us
e
d i
n da
i
l
y
l
a
ngua
ge
s
o t
he
r
e
i
s
a
di
f
f
e
r
e
nc
e
be
t
w
e
e
n popul
a
r
a
nd p
r
of
e
s
s
i
ona
l
us
e
s
.
A
f
t
er
al
l
,
a g
en
er
al
d
ef
i
n
i
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
q
u
al
i
t
y
can
b
e s
et
as
“t
h
e d
eg
r
ee t
o
w
h
i
ch
a s
y
s
t
e
m
,
c
om
pone
nt
,
o
r
p
r
o
ces
s
m
eet
s
a cu
s
t
o
m
er
o
r
u
s
er
’
s
n
eed
s
o
r
ex
p
ect
at
i
o
n
s
” [
2
].
F
or
s
a
vi
ng e
f
f
or
t
a
nd
a
voi
d e
xt
r
a
w
or
k,
s
of
t
w
a
r
e
qua
l
i
t
y s
houl
d
be
p
r
e
di
c
t
e
d i
n
t
he
e
a
r
l
y s
t
a
ge
of
s
of
t
w
a
r
e
de
ve
l
opm
e
nt
pr
oc
e
s
s
a
nd t
a
ki
ng i
nt
o
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
el
eco
m
m
u
n
C
om
put
E
l
C
ont
r
o
l
,
Vo
l
.
1
9
, N
o
.
5
,
O
ct
o
b
er
2021
:
1507
-
1516
1508
c
ons
i
de
r
a
t
i
on t
hi
s
pr
e
di
c
t
e
d qua
l
i
t
y m
us
t
be
a
s
good a
s
de
s
i
r
e
d.
S
o,
w
he
ne
ve
r
t
he
p
r
e
di
c
t
i
on of
s
of
t
w
a
r
e
qua
l
i
t
y i
s
done
e
a
r
l
i
e
r
,
w
e
got
r
i
d o
f
w
or
ki
ng
on
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
s
of
t
w
a
r
e
a
ga
i
n a
nd a
ga
i
n
[
1
].
T
he
qua
l
i
t
y o
f
s
of
t
w
a
r
e
e
xt
r
e
m
e
l
y de
pe
nds
on
i
t
s
de
s
i
gn.
I
n
s
of
t
w
a
r
e
bui
l
di
ng,
t
he
de
s
i
gn s
t
a
g
e
i
s
c
ons
i
de
r
e
d t
o be
one
o
f
t
he
m
os
t
i
m
po
r
t
a
nt
s
t
a
ge
s
a
nd s
houl
d be
f
oc
us
e
d be
c
a
us
e
w
he
n de
s
i
gn i
s
pr
e
pa
r
e
d,
m
odi
f
i
c
a
t
i
ons
on i
t
w
i
l
l
be
di
f
f
i
c
ul
t
a
nd
e
xpe
ns
i
ve
[
1
]
.
R
ecen
t
l
y
,
o
b
j
ect
-
or
i
e
nt
e
d de
s
i
gn be
c
a
m
e
c
om
m
on
c
onc
e
pt
i
n s
of
t
w
a
r
e
de
ve
l
opm
e
nt
e
nvi
r
onm
e
n
t.
I
t i
s
u
s
e
d
to
d
iv
id
e
th
e
p
r
o
b
le
m in
to
mu
lt
i s
ma
ll o
b
je
c
ts
w
h
ic
h
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s
m
or
e
c
a
pa
bl
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f
or
m
odi
f
i
c
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t
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ons
a
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uc
h e
a
s
i
e
r
t
o unde
r
s
t
a
nd i
n a
ddi
t
i
on of
be
ne
f
i
t
s
i
n de
c
om
pos
i
t
i
on,
r
e
lia
b
ility
,
a
d
a
p
ta
b
ility
a
n
d
r
e
u
s
a
b
ility
o
f
a
p
r
o
b
le
m [
3
].
T
o
a
sse
ss
so
f
t
w
a
r
e
q
u
a
l
i
t
y t
hr
ough
t
he
e
a
r
l
y ph
a
s
e
s
of
s
of
t
w
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r
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de
ve
l
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nt
pr
oc
e
s
s
,
s
of
t
w
a
r
e
m
et
r
i
cs
h
av
e b
een
u
s
ed
.
T
h
es
e m
et
r
i
cs
ar
e m
eas
u
r
em
en
t
s
t
h
at
can
b
e u
s
ed
t
o
ex
p
l
o
r
e t
h
e d
es
i
g
n
q
u
al
i
t
y
.
I
t
i
s
time
to
e
x
a
min
e
o
b
je
c
t
-
o
r
ie
n
te
d
me
tr
ic
s
w
ith
r
e
g
a
r
d
to
s
o
f
tw
a
r
e
q
u
a
lity
b
e
cau
s
e as
m
en
t
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o
n
ed
b
ef
o
r
e,
o
b
j
ect
-
or
i
e
nt
e
d de
s
i
gn m
e
t
hodol
ogi
e
s
a
c
qui
r
e
d w
i
de
publ
i
c
i
t
y.
M
a
ny
me
tr
ic
s
ha
ve
be
e
n pr
opos
e
d i
n t
he
pa
s
t
f
or
t
he
o
b
j
ect
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or
i
e
nt
e
d (
O
O
)
de
s
i
gn,
c
ode
a
nd
c
ons
t
r
uc
t
s
w
hi
c
h c
a
n
he
l
p
s
of
t
w
a
r
e
c
om
pa
ni
e
s
i
n
de
v
e
l
opm
e
nt
t
h
ei
r
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e w
i
t
hi
n
i
nt
e
nda
nt
qua
l
i
t
y [
1
].
M
a
ny r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h pa
pe
r
s
ha
ve
be
e
n
i
nt
r
oduc
e
d
i
n t
he
o
b
j
ect
-
or
i
e
nt
e
d
d
e
s
ig
n
me
tr
ic
s
f
ie
ld
.
T
h
e
di
f
f
e
r
e
nc
e
i
n
t
he
ga
i
ne
d
out
c
om
e
s
i
s
t
he
r
e
s
ul
t
o
f
ut
i
l
i
z
i
ng
a
va
r
i
ous
m
e
t
hodol
ogy
i
n
e
a
c
h of
t
he
s
e
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
.
T
o c
ove
r
m
os
t
of
t
he
p
r
e
v
i
ous
w
or
k pr
e
s
e
nt
e
d i
n t
hi
s
f
i
e
l
d,
a
gl
a
nc
e
i
s
m
a
de
ba
c
k t
o 2013,
w
he
n
H
of
f
m
a
nn
e
t
a
l.
[
4
]
s
how
e
d t
ha
t
i
t
i
s
pos
s
i
bl
e
t
o
i
m
pr
ove
a
r
obo
t
i
c
s
a
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
on i
n a
c
ont
i
nuous
m
a
nne
r
a
t
r
un
-
time
b
y
in
te
g
r
a
tin
g
th
e
o
b
j
ect
-
o
r
i
en
t
ed
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
s
p
eci
f
i
cal
l
y
"
t
h
e J
av
a b
as
ed
r
obot
i
c
s
A
P
I
",
i
nt
o "
t
he
dyna
m
i
c
m
odul
e
s
ys
t
e
m
O
S
G
i
"
.
Vi
r
e
t
a
l.
[1
]
p
r
opos
e
d i
n 2014
a
hybr
i
d
a
ppr
oa
c
h f
or
i
nve
s
t
i
ga
t
i
ng t
he
e
xt
e
ndi
bi
l
i
t
y
of
c
l
a
s
s
e
s
i
n
o
b
j
ect
-
o
r
i
en
t
ed
de
s
i
gn i
n
t
he
e
a
r
l
y
s
t
a
ge
of
s
of
t
w
a
r
e
de
ve
l
opm
e
nt
.
T
hi
s
hyb
r
i
di
z
a
t
i
on
c
om
pos
e
d of
s
ubs
e
t
of
C
hi
da
m
be
r
a
nd K
e
m
e
r
e
r
(
C
K
)
m
e
t
r
i
c
s
ui
t
e
a
nd m
ood m
e
t
r
i
c
s
ui
t
e
,
t
he
n
t
he
pr
opos
e
d m
ode
l
ha
s
be
e
n
a
na
l
yz
e
d us
i
ng f
uz
z
y l
ogi
c
a
ppr
oa
c
h.
I
n t
he
s
a
m
e
ye
a
r
,
W
i
nn [
5
] p
u
rs
ue
d t
o m
e
a
s
ur
e
t
he
e
xt
e
ns
i
bi
l
i
t
y a
nd
ch
an
g
eab
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
as
p
ect
-
or
i
e
nt
e
d s
of
t
w
a
r
e
(
A
O
)
w
he
r
e
i
m
pl
e
m
e
nt
e
d i
n A
s
pe
c
t
J
.
T
he
a
na
l
ys
i
s
c
ove
r
e
d i
n t
hi
s
t
opi
c
i
s
ba
s
e
d on
mo
b
ile
me
d
ia
a
nd A
s
pe
c
t
J
pr
oj
e
c
t
s
by us
i
ng
se
l
f
-
or
ga
ni
z
i
ng m
a
p
(S
O
M
).
A
l
so
,
i
n
Y
ad
av
[
6
]
d
es
cr
i
be
d a
n i
m
pr
ove
d a
na
l
ys
i
s
vi
e
w
of
s
of
t
w
a
r
e
a
t
t
r
i
but
e
de
pe
nde
nc
y r
e
l
a
t
i
ons
f
o
r
t
he
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
nt
of
hi
gh
-
le
v
e
l d
e
s
ig
n
q
u
a
lity
a
ttr
ib
u
te
s
in
o
b
j
ect
-
or
i
e
nt
e
d
d
es
i
g
n
s
.
I
t
ch
ar
act
er
i
zes
r
el
at
i
o
n
s
an
d
d
ep
en
d
en
ci
es
of
q
u
a
lity
a
ttr
ib
u
te
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
r
e
u
s
a
b
ility
,
f
le
x
ib
il
ity
,
u
n
d
e
r
s
ta
n
d
a
b
ility
,
f
u
n
c
tio
n
a
lity
,
e
x
te
n
d
ib
il
ity
,
ef
f
ec
t
i
v
en
es
s
.
T
he
r
e
l
a
t
i
ons
,
or
l
i
nks
,
f
r
o
m
p
r
ope
r
t
i
e
s
of
t
he
de
s
i
gn t
o a
t
t
r
i
but
e
s
of
t
he
qua
l
i
t
y a
r
e
w
e
i
ght
e
d i
n
a
c
c
or
da
nc
e
w
i
t
h
t
h
ei
r
e
f
f
ect
an
d
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
can
ce.
O
t
h
er
r
es
ear
ch
er
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
o
m
e n
ew
m
et
r
ic
s
in
s
te
a
d
o
f
tr
a
d
itio
n
a
l s
o
f
tw
a
r
e
me
tr
ic
s
.
I
n
th
is
c
o
n
te
x
t,
C
os
s
e
nt
i
no
e
t a
l.
[
7
]
e
s
tima
te
d
mo
d
u
la
r
ity
a
n
d
e
x
t
e
n
s
ib
ility
o
f
"
h
o
lo
n
ic
mu
lti a
g
e
n
t s
y
s
te
ms
(
HM
AS
)
"
wh
i
c
h
i
s
us
e
d f
or
t
he
de
ve
l
opm
e
nt
of
s
of
t
w
a
r
e
s
ys
t
e
m
s
t
ha
t
a
r
e
f
r
e
que
nt
l
y de
s
i
gne
d i
n or
de
r
t
o
r
eal
i
ze
co
m
p
l
ex
dyna
m
i
c
a
l
be
ha
vi
or
f
or
s
ol
vi
ng c
om
pl
i
c
a
t
e
d p
r
obl
e
m
s
.
P
ö
l
zl
b
au
er
e
t a
l.
[
8
]
ad
d
r
es
s
ed
m
es
s
ag
e I
D
a
s
s
i
gnm
e
nt
,
i
n a
m
a
nne
r
t
ha
t
t
he
s
ys
t
e
m
c
a
n be
e
xt
e
ns
i
bl
e
.
I
n t
he
be
gi
nni
ng
,
t
he
y ga
ve
a
n
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
m
e
t
r
i
c
t
ha
t
pr
ovi
de
s
a
de
e
p
i
ns
i
ght
vi
e
w
of
t
he
e
xt
e
ns
i
bi
l
i
t
y of
a
gi
ve
n
I
D
a
s
s
i
gnm
e
nt
.
A
f
t
e
r
t
ha
t
,
t
he
y de
ve
l
ope
d a
n
ef
f
ect
i
v
e I
D
-
a
s
s
ig
n
me
n
t p
o
lic
y
w
h
ic
h
in
tu
r
n
w
ill
ma
x
imiz
e
th
e
e
x
te
n
s
ib
ility
.
C
out
o
e
t a
l.
[
9
]
s
ugge
s
t
e
d s
e
m
i
a
ut
om
a
t
i
c
s
of
t
w
a
r
e
r
e
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
i
ng m
e
t
hod ba
s
e
d on t
he
a
t
t
r
i
but
e
s
of
t
he
qua
l
i
t
y.
T
hi
s
pa
pe
r
de
pe
nds
on
t
he
m
e
a
s
ur
e
m
e
nt
s
of
t
he
q
u
a
lity
me
tr
ic
s
f
o
r
o
b
je
c
t
-
or
i
e
nt
e
d de
s
i
gn
(
QM
OOD)
f
or
r
e
c
om
m
e
ndi
ng
m
ove
m
e
t
hod
r
e
f
a
c
t
or
i
ngs
t
ha
t
i
m
pr
ove
t
he
qua
l
i
t
y
o
f
t
he
s
of
t
w
a
r
e
.
A
not
he
r
s
t
udy w
a
s
pe
r
f
or
m
e
d by K
i
m
e
t a
l.
[
10
]
i
n 2018
,
pr
opos
e
d t
he
e
xt
e
ns
i
bi
l
i
t
y m
e
t
r
i
c
f
or
s
of
t
w
a
r
e
a
r
c
hi
t
e
c
t
ur
e
(
E
M
S
A
)
,
w
h
ic
h
a
d
o
p
ts
th
e
a
r
c
h
ite
c
tu
r
e
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m in
o
r
d
e
r
to
d
e
te
r
min
e
its
e
x
te
n
s
ib
ility
.
A
bdul
l
a
h
e
t
a
l.
[
11
]
i
n 2
019
r
e
c
om
m
e
nde
d a
n i
nve
s
t
i
ga
t
i
on s
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
f
o
r
e
xt
e
ns
i
bi
l
i
t
y
e
s
t
i
m
a
t
i
on
pr
oc
e
s
s
a
nd di
d a
c
om
p
r
e
he
ns
i
ve
s
ur
ve
y on
obj
e
c
t
-
o
r
i
en
t
ed
ex
t
en
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
.
T
h
e
r
es
ear
ch
er
s
r
eco
m
m
en
d
ed
a
m
ode
l
by c
r
e
a
t
i
ng t
he
r
e
l
a
t
i
ons
hi
p i
n t
he
m
i
dd
l
e
of
de
s
i
gn pr
ope
r
t
i
e
s
.
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
s
ju
s
tif
ie
d
th
e
mo
d
e
l
a
tta
c
h
me
n
t w
ith
th
e
h
e
lp
o
f
s
ta
tis
tic
a
l me
a
s
u
r
e
s
,
w
h
ic
h
s
h
o
w
e
d
th
a
t
c
oupl
i
ng
,
c
ohe
s
i
on,
i
nh
e
r
i
t
a
nc
e
,
pol
ym
or
phi
s
m
ar
e s
i
g
n
i
f
i
can
t
l
y
af
f
ect
ed
w
i
t
h
e
x
te
n
s
ib
ility
.
T
h
is
w
o
r
k
a
ims
to
d
e
s
ig
n
a
n
d
imp
le
me
n
t a
n
a
lg
o
r
ith
m to
me
a
s
u
r
e
th
e
e
x
te
n
d
ib
ility
o
f
a
s
o
f
tw
a
r
e
s
y
s
te
m d
u
r
in
g
its
a
r
c
h
ite
c
tu
r
a
l d
e
s
ig
n
s
ta
g
e
u
s
i
n
g
Q
M
O
O
D
mo
d
e
l me
tr
ic
s
.
T
h
e
e
x
te
n
d
ib
ility
a
ttr
ib
u
te
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
4
m
et
r
i
cs
,
each
o
f
t
h
es
e m
et
r
i
cs
h
as
i
t
s
m
at
h
em
at
i
cal
eq
u
at
i
o
n
b
as
ed
o
n
t
h
e
cl
as
s
d
i
ag
r
a
m
o
f
t
h
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e t
o
m
eas
u
r
e an
d
ca
lc
u
la
te
th
e
m.
T
h
e
s
e
f
o
u
r
me
tr
ic
s
c
o
n
s
tr
u
c
ts
th
e
ma
th
e
ma
tic
a
l e
q
u
a
tio
n
w
h
ic
h
is
c
ons
i
de
r
e
d t
he
ba
s
i
c
f
or
m
t
o
de
t
e
r
m
i
ne
i
f
t
he
s
of
t
w
a
r
e
e
xt
e
ndi
bl
e
o
r
not
.
T
hi
s
m
ode
l
ha
s
be
e
n a
ppl
i
e
d f
or
t
w
o
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e as
w
i
l
l
b
e ex
p
l
ai
n
ed
l
at
er
.
T
es
t
ed
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e m
u
s
t
b
e f
o
l
l
o
w
s t
h
e
o
b
j
ect
-
or
i
e
nt
e
d
p
r
in
c
ip
le
s
,
w
r
itte
n
in
j
a
ve
or
a
ny ot
he
r
o
b
j
ect
-
o
r
i
en
t
ed
l
a
ngua
ge
.
T
he
r
e
m
a
i
nde
r
of
t
hi
s
pa
pe
r
i
s
or
ga
ni
z
e
d a
s
f
ol
l
ow
s
:
s
ect
i
o
n
2 i
de
nt
i
f
i
e
s
o
b
j
ect
-
o
r
i
en
t
ed
de
s
i
gn
me
tr
ic
s
.
S
e
c
tio
n
3
d
e
mo
n
s
tr
a
te
s
e
x
te
n
s
ib
ility
q
u
a
lity
a
ttr
ib
u
te
s
mo
d
e
l.
S
e
c
tio
n
4
e
x
h
ib
its
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
m
e
t
hodol
ogy.
E
xpe
r
i
m
e
nt
a
l
t
e
s
t
s
a
nd
r
e
s
ul
t
s
a
r
e
f
o
und i
s
s
ect
i
o
n
5.
T
he
pa
pe
r
i
s
c
onc
l
ude
d i
n
s
ect
i
o
n
6.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
el
eco
m
m
u
n
C
om
put
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l
C
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r
o
l
M
e
a
s
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r
e
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x
te
n
d
ib
ility
/e
x
te
n
s
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ility
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u
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lity
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ttr
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… (
T
aghr
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A
l
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f
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)
1509
2.
O
BJ
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T O
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I
EN
TED
D
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G
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M
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I
C
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A
l
t
hough
t
h
e t
er
m
“m
et
r
i
c” i
s
u
s
ed
m
u
t
u
al
l
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w
i
t
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t
er
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“m
eas
u
r
em
en
t
” an
d
i
n
d
i
cat
es
w
i
d
e r
an
g
e o
f
i
t
,
t
h
er
e
i
s
a d
el
i
cat
e d
i
f
f
er
en
ce b
et
w
een
t
h
em
.
I
n
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e en
g
i
n
eer
i
n
g
s
i
t
u
at
i
o
n
,
a m
eas
u
r
e s
u
p
p
l
y
a
qua
nt
i
t
a
t
i
ve
i
ndi
c
a
t
i
on of
t
he
a
m
ount
,
di
m
e
ns
i
ons
,
c
a
pa
c
i
t
y or
s
i
ze o
f
s
o
m
e at
t
r
i
b
u
t
e o
f
a p
r
o
ces
s
o
r
pr
oduc
t
[
12
]
.
S
o,
w
e can
s
ay
t
h
at
m
eas
u
r
em
en
t
i
s
t
h
e act
i
o
n
o
f
l
o
cat
i
n
g
a
m
eas
u
r
e,
w
h
i
l
e m
et
r
i
c h
ad
b
ee
n
d
ef
i
n
ed
by
T
h
e I
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
e
f
o
r
E
l
ect
r
i
cal
an
d
E
l
ect
r
o
n
i
cs
E
n
g
i
n
e
er
s
A
cad
em
i
c &
S
ci
en
ce
(IE
E
E
)
as
” a
q
u
a
n
tita
tiv
e
m
e
as
u
r
e o
f
t
he
de
gr
e
e
t
o w
hi
c
h
a
s
ys
t
e
m
,
c
om
pone
nt
,
or
pr
oc
e
s
s
pos
s
e
s
s
e
s
a
gi
ve
n a
t
t
r
i
but
e
”
[
12
]
.
M
e
t
r
i
c
s
pr
ovi
de
t
he
s
of
t
w
a
r
e
de
ve
l
ope
r
w
i
t
h
a
de
e
p i
ns
i
ght
t
ha
t
i
s
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y t
o
a
c
c
e
s
s
t
he
qua
l
i
t
y
a
nd c
ons
i
de
r
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
s
our
c
e
of
i
n
f
or
m
a
t
i
on
t
o
m
a
ke
t
he
r
i
gh
t
de
c
i
s
i
on a
bout
de
s
i
gni
ng
t
he
w
a
nt
e
d
s
of
t
w
a
r
e
be
f
or
e
bui
l
di
ng
i
t
a
nd
m
a
ke
c
ha
nge
s
.
T
hi
s
w
i
l
l
r
e
duc
e
c
om
pl
e
xi
t
y a
nd i
m
p
r
ove
t
he
qua
l
i
t
y of
t
he
p
r
oduc
t
i
n
e
a
r
l
y pha
s
e
s
.
S
om
e
m
e
t
r
i
c
s
m
a
y
be
c
onve
r
t
e
d t
o
s
e
r
ve
t
he
i
r
pur
pos
e
i
n a
ne
w
e
nvi
r
onm
e
nt
[
13
].
I
n
s
u
m
m
ar
y
,
i
t
can
b
e s
ai
d
t
h
at
p
r
ed
i
ct
i
o
n
o
f
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e p
r
o
ces
s
es
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e m
et
r
i
cs
.
O
b
j
ect
o
r
ie
n
te
d
(
O
O
)
me
t
r
ic
s
a
r
e
g
e
n
e
r
a
lly
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
q
u
a
lity
e
s
tima
tio
n
.
R
e
ly
in
g
o
n
O
O
c
o
n
c
e
p
ts
,
th
o
s
e
me
tr
ic
s
a
r
e
r
e
ga
r
di
ng t
o
m
e
a
s
ur
e
m
e
nt
of
s
om
e
de
s
i
gn
f
e
a
t
ur
e
s
l
i
ke
e
nc
a
ps
ul
a
t
i
on,
m
e
s
s
a
ge
pa
s
s
i
ng,
i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
o
n hi
di
ng
an
d
i
n
h
er
i
t
an
ce [
14
].
T
h
e r
es
ear
ch
er
s
h
av
e p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
an
y
m
et
r
i
cs
f
o
r
O
O
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e.
T
h
es
e m
et
r
i
cs
ar
e u
s
ed
in
mu
lti p
o
te
n
tia
l c
o
n
te
x
ts
lik
e
q
u
a
lity
in
d
ic
a
to
r
s
,
c
o
mp
le
x
ity
me
a
s
u
r
e
a
n
d
r
e
lia
b
ility
me
a
s
u
r
e
[
15
].
O
b
j
ect
o
r
i
en
t
ed
m
et
r
i
cs
ar
e b
as
ed
o
n
t
h
e o
b
j
ect
s
an
d
t
h
ei
r
ch
ar
act
er
i
s
t
i
cs
.
A
l
o
t
o
f
o
b
j
ect
-
o
r
ie
n
te
d
me
tr
ic
s
e
x
is
te
d
f
o
r
t
h
e o
b
j
ect
-
o
r
i
en
t
ed
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
p
r
o
ces
s
.
T
h
es
e m
et
r
i
cs
ar
e [
3
]:
−
Ch
e
n
.
−
L
or
e
nz
a
nd K
i
dd
.
−
M
o
rri
s
.
−
M
e
t
ri
c
s
fo
r
o
b
j
ect
-
or
i
e
nt
e
d s
of
t
w
a
r
e
e
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng
(
M
OOS
E
)
.
−
E
xt
e
nde
d
m
et
r
i
cs
f
o
r
o
b
j
ect
-
or
i
e
nt
e
d s
of
t
w
a
r
e
e
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng
(
E
M
OOS
E
)
.
−
M
OOD
.
−
QM
OOD
.
−
G
oa
l
Q
ue
s
t
i
on
.
−
S
o
f
t
w
ar
e
as
s
u
r
an
ce t
ech
n
o
l
o
g
y
cen
t
er
(
S
A
T
C
)
f
or
obj
e
c
t
or
i
e
nt
e
d
.
−
LI
.
I
n t
hi
s
pr
opos
e
d w
or
k
,
onl
y Q
M
O
O
D
m
et
r
i
cs
s
et
ar
e co
n
s
i
d
er
ed
an
d
f
o
r
o
t
h
er
m
et
r
i
cs
co
u
l
d
b
e
r
ef
er
r
ed
f
r
o
m
ot
he
r
pa
pe
r
[
16
].
2.
1
.
QM
OOD
m
o
d
el
m
et
ri
c
T
he
Q
M
O
O
D
i
s
a
gl
oba
l
qua
l
i
t
y
m
ode
l
t
ha
t
f
oun
ds
a
n obvi
ous
l
y de
f
i
ne
d a
nd e
m
pi
r
i
c
a
l
l
y va
l
i
da
t
e
d
m
ode
l
t
o
a
ppr
e
c
i
a
t
e
obj
e
c
t
or
i
e
nt
e
d
de
s
i
gn qu
a
li
ty
a
ttr
ib
u
te
s
a
n
d
r
e
la
te
s
it
w
ith
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
a
l
o
b
j
ect
-
o
r
i
en
t
ed
de
s
i
gn pr
ope
r
t
i
e
s
t
hr
ough m
a
t
he
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
f
or
m
ul
a
s
[
17
].
T
h
i
s
m
ode
l
e
xt
e
nds
f
r
om
D
r
om
e
y's
qua
l
i
t
y
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
w
hi
c
h i
s
ba
s
e
d on 3 pr
i
nc
i
pl
e
s
:
p
r
oduc
t
pr
ope
r
t
i
e
s
t
ha
t
e
f
f
e
c
t
qua
l
i
t
y
,
a
g
r
oup o
f
qua
l
i
t
y
a
t
t
r
i
but
e
s
a
nd a
m
e
a
ns
of
l
i
nki
ng t
he
m
[
18]
.
Q
M
O
O
D
qua
l
i
t
y m
ode
l
de
f
i
ne
s
t
he
w
a
y t
o m
e
a
s
ur
e
t
he
qua
l
i
t
y a
t
t
r
i
but
e
s
i
n
t
e
r
m
s
of
pr
ope
r
t
i
e
s
of
t
he
de
s
i
gn t
h
r
ough
a
g
r
oup
of
m
a
t
he
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
f
or
m
u
l
a
s
[
19
].
D
e
s
i
gn pr
ope
r
t
i
e
s
c
a
n be
m
e
a
s
ur
e
d or
obs
e
r
ve
d us
i
ng f
unc
t
i
ona
l
i
t
y,
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
ns
hi
p a
nd s
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
of
de
s
i
gn c
om
pone
nt
s
[
20
]
.
QM
OOD
m
ode
l
c
o
n
s
is
ts
o
f
s
ix
O
O
D
q
u
a
lity
a
ttr
ib
u
te
s
a
n
d
th
e
y
a
r
e
:
(
r
e
u
s
a
b
ility
,
f
le
x
ib
ility
,
u
n
d
e
r
s
ta
n
d
a
b
ility
,
f
unc
t
i
ona
l
i
t
y,
e
xt
e
ndi
bi
l
i
t
y,
a
nd e
f
f
e
c
t
i
ve
ne
s
s
)
.
T
he
s
e
a
t
t
r
i
but
e
s
ha
d a
r
e
l
a
t
i
ons
hi
p w
i
t
h e
l
e
ve
n de
s
i
gn
pr
ope
r
t
i
e
s
;
e
a
c
h c
a
l
c
ul
a
t
e
d qua
l
i
t
y a
t
t
r
i
but
e
s
e
r
ve
s
a
s
a
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
t
o
pr
ovi
de
a
not
i
on
of
t
he
c
ur
r
e
nt
q
ua
l
i
t
y of
t
h
e s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
[
17
].
T
a
bl
e
1 s
how
t
he
de
s
i
gn pr
ope
r
t
i
e
s
a
nd t
he
m
e
t
r
i
c
s
u
tiliz
e
d
f
or
t
he
s
e
pr
ope
r
t
i
e
s
of
t
he
Q
MO
OD m
o
d
e
l
[
17
].
T
a
b
l
e
1
.
QM
OOD
m
ode
l
D
e
s
i
gn P
r
ope
r
t
y
M
e
tr
ic
s
us
e
d f
or
D
e
s
i
gn P
r
ope
r
t
y
D
e
s
i
gn P
r
ope
r
t
y
M
e
tr
ic
s
us
e
d f
or
D
e
s
i
gn P
r
ope
r
t
y
D
e
s
ig
n
S
iz
e
d
es
i
g
n
s
i
ze i
n
cl
as
s
es
(D
S
C
)
C
ohe
s
i
on
C
ohe
s
i
on A
m
ong M
e
t
hods
of
C
l
a
s
s
e
s
(
C
A
M
)
H
i
er
ar
ch
i
es
N
um
be
r
of
H
i
er
ar
ch
i
es
(
NOH)
C
o
mp
o
s
itio
n
M
e
a
s
ur
e
of
A
ggr
e
ga
t
i
on (
M
O
A
)
A
b
s
tr
a
c
tio
n
A
ve
r
a
ge
N
um
be
r
of
A
nc
e
s
t
or
s
(
A
N
A
)
I
nhe
r
i
t
a
nc
e
M
e
a
s
ur
e
of
F
unc
t
i
ona
l
A
bs
t
r
a
c
t
i
on (
M
F
A
)
E
nc
a
ps
ul
a
t
i
on
D
at
a A
cce
s
s
M
et
r
i
c (
D
A
M
)
P
ol
ym
or
phi
s
m
N
um
be
r
of
P
ol
ym
or
phi
c
M
e
t
hods
(
N
O
P
)
C
oupl
i
ng
D
ir
e
c
t C
la
s
s
C
o
u
p
lin
g
(
D
C
C
)
M
e
s
s
a
gi
ng
C
l
as
s
I
n
t
er
f
ace S
i
ze (
C
I
S
)
C
o
mp
le
x
ity
N
um
be
r
of
M
e
t
hods
(
N
O
M
)
3.
EX
TEN
S
I
BI
LI
T
Y
Q
U
A
LI
TY
A
T
TR
I
BU
T
E
W
e
in
itia
lly
in
v
e
s
tig
a
te
th
e
me
a
n
in
g
o
f
“
s
o
f
tw
a
r
e
e
x
te
n
s
ib
ility
”
.
I
n
I
S
O
/I
E
C
-
25010 s
t
a
nda
r
d,
ch
ar
act
er
i
zes
t
h
e ex
t
en
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
as
"
t
he
r
e
l
a
t
i
ve
e
xe
r
t
i
on
t
o
e
xpa
nd
t
he
a
bi
l
i
t
y
or
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
of
t
he
s
of
t
w
a
r
e
by e
nha
nc
i
ng c
ur
r
e
nt
f
unc
t
i
ons
or
b
y
i
nc
l
udi
ng ne
w
f
unc
t
i
ons
or
da
t
a
"
.
I
E
E
E
-
1219 s
t
a
nda
r
d
d
o
es
n
o
t
ch
ar
act
er
i
ze ex
t
en
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
,
h
o
w
ev
er
,
ch
ar
act
er
i
zes
a co
m
p
ar
ab
l
e q
u
al
i
t
y
at
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
\
”
ma
in
ta
in
a
b
ility
”
\
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
el
eco
m
m
u
n
C
om
put
E
l
C
ont
r
o
l
,
Vo
l
.
1
9
, N
o
.
5
,
O
ct
o
b
er
2021
:
1507
-
1516
1510
a
s
t
he
e
xe
r
t
i
on f
or
a
dj
us
t
i
ng t
he
pr
oduc
t
of
t
h
e
s
of
t
w
a
r
e
i
n a
c
c
or
da
nc
e
w
i
t
h t
he
m
odi
f
i
c
a
t
i
on i
n t
he
r
e
qui
r
e
m
e
nt
s
or
e
nvi
r
onm
e
nt
[
10
]
.
C
i
r
aci
an
d
B
r
o
ek
[
21]
ch
ar
act
er
i
zed
an
o
t
h
er
co
m
p
ar
ab
l
e q
u
al
i
t
y
at
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
\
e
v
o
lv
a
b
ility
"
w
h
ic
h
is
th
e
a
b
ility
to
a
d
ju
s
t to
th
e
n
e
w
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
me
n
t to
ma
in
ta
in
a
s
e
r
v
ic
e
.
U
s
u
al
l
y
,
t
h
es
e
a
ttr
ib
u
te
s
a
r
e
r
e
f
e
r
r
in
g
to
mo
d
i
f
ie
s
in
th
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t s
y
s
te
m o
f
th
e
s
o
f
tw
a
r
e
th
a
t a
r
e
ma
d
e
to
s
a
tis
f
y
a
n
e
w
e
nvi
r
onm
e
nt
or
a
ne
w
r
e
qui
r
e
m
e
nt
[
10
].
S
aeed
e
t a
l.
[
22
]
,
t
he
a
ut
hor
s
ch
ar
act
er
i
zed
ex
t
en
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
w
h
i
ch
i
s
t
h
e ex
i
s
t
en
ce an
d
u
t
i
l
i
ze o
f
f
eat
u
r
es
i
n t
he
e
xi
s
t
i
ng de
s
i
gn t
ha
t
pe
r
m
i
t
s
i
nt
e
gr
a
t
i
on
w
i
t
h t
he
ne
w
r
e
qui
r
e
m
e
nt
s
.
W
he
n
de
s
i
gni
ng t
he
s
ys
t
e
m
of
t
he
s
of
t
w
a
r
e
a
nd ha
s
not
t
a
ke
n i
nt
o a
c
c
ount
t
he
e
xt
e
ns
i
bi
l
i
t
y a
nd e
vol
ut
i
on e
l
e
m
e
nt
s
,
us
ua
l
l
y
,
m
ay
w
el
l
b
eco
m
e
pr
e
y t
o t
he
phe
nom
e
non
know
n a
s
“
c
ode
r
ot
”
or
“
de
s
i
gn r
ot
”
a
nd m
a
y a
s
a
r
e
s
ul
t
of
t
hi
s
phe
nom
e
non be
a
ba
ndone
d a
s
t
he
s
ys
t
e
m
be
c
om
e
s
t
oo d
i
f
f
i
c
ul
t
t
o
e
xpa
nd
a
n
d
ma
in
ta
in
.
C
h
an
g
i
n
g
a s
y
s
t
em
f
o
r
n
ew
f
eat
u
r
es
,
r
e
pa
i
r
i
ng ol
d
f
e
a
t
ur
e
s
,
c
l
e
a
ni
ng
up
obs
ol
e
t
e
f
e
a
t
ur
e
s
or
e
ve
n a
c
us
t
om
e
r
s
uppl
y
w
i
t
h
a
pa
r
t
i
c
ul
a
r
p
r
od
uc
t
i
s
a
l
l
e
xpe
ns
i
ve
w
or
k
,
a
nd i
t
m
a
y be
c
om
e
e
ve
n
m
or
e
e
xpe
ns
i
ve
w
he
n e
a
c
h c
ha
nge
m
a
y l
e
a
d ne
w
pr
obl
e
m
s
i
n t
he
f
or
m
o
f
e
r
r
or
s
a
nd vi
o
l
a
t
i
ons
i
n t
he
de
s
i
gn of
t
he
sy
st
e
m
[
23
].
I
n
I
S
O
9
1
2
6
,
a
tt
r
ib
u
te
s
: “
f
u
n
c
tio
n
a
lity
”
,
“
r
e
lia
b
il
ity
”
,
“
e
f
f
ic
ie
n
c
y
”
,
“
u
s
a
b
ility
”
,
“
ma
in
ta
in
a
b
ility
”
,
an
d
“
p
o
r
ta
b
ility
”
-
w
e
r
e
c
hos
e
n i
n
Q
M
O
O
D
m
ode
l
a
s
t
he
f
i
r
s
t
s
e
t
o
f
qua
l
i
t
y a
t
t
r
i
but
e
s
.
T
he
“
por
t
a
bi
l
i
t
y”
t
e
r
m
i
n t
he
c
ont
e
xt
of
s
of
t
w
a
r
e
qua
l
i
t
y i
m
pl
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
on i
s
m
or
e
a
ppr
opr
i
a
t
e
a
nd w
a
s
e
xc
ha
ng
e
d w
i
t
h
“
e
x
te
n
d
ib
ility
”
w
h
ic
h
r
e
f
le
c
ts
th
is
c
h
a
r
a
c
te
r
is
tic
b
e
tte
r
i
n
de
s
i
gn [
24
].
T
o
me
a
s
u
r
e
e
x
te
n
d
ib
ility
a
ttr
ib
u
te
,
f
o
u
r
Q
M
O
O
D
me
tr
ic
s
mu
s
t b
e
c
o
mp
u
te
d
f
i
r
s
t,
a
s
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
[
25
]:
−
A
N
A
:
i
s
c
om
put
e
d by s
pe
c
i
f
yi
ng t
he
r
a
t
i
o be
t
w
e
e
n t
he
cl
as
s
es
n
u
m
b
er
on a
l
l
pa
t
hs
f
r
om
t
he
r
oot
c
l
a
s
s
(
num
be
r
o
f
a
nc
e
s
t
or
s
)
to
a
ll
cl
as
s
es
i
n
t
h
e
s
t
r
u
ct
u
r
e (
n
u
mb
e
r
o
f
to
ta
l c
la
s
s
e
s
)
,
w
h
ic
h
me
a
n
s
A
N
A
me
tr
ic
m
e
a
s
ur
e
d a
s
t
he
f
ol
l
ow
i
ng e
qua
t
i
on:
=
(
)
(
1)
T
he
pr
ope
r
t
y
of
ab
s
t
r
act
i
o
n
(
A
N
A
)
i
s
f
o
r
cl
as
s
es
t
h
at
h
av
e o
n
e o
r
m
o
r
e s
u
cces
s
o
r
s
[
24
].
−
D
C
C
:
I
t
i
s
a
m
e
a
s
ur
e
of
t
he
ot
he
r
obj
e
c
t
s
num
b
e
r
w
hi
c
h a
n obj
e
c
t
m
us
t
a
c
c
e
s
s
nor
m
a
l
l
y.
T
hi
s
m
e
a
ns
d
et
er
m
i
n
e a
d
i
f
f
e
r
en
t
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
m
es
s
ag
e p
as
s
i
n
g
i
n
a
m
et
h
o
d
o
r
at
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
o
f
each
cl
as
s
th
a
t a
c
la
s
s
is
d
ir
e
c
tly
r
e
la
te
d
to
,
a
s
in
(
2
)
.
=
(
)
(2
)
−
M
F
A
:
I
t
i
s
t
he
r
a
t
i
o of
t
he
num
be
r
s
of
m
e
t
hods
i
nhe
r
i
t
e
d by a
c
l
a
s
s
t
o t
he
a
ll me
th
o
d
s
a
c
c
e
s
s
ib
le
to
m
em
b
er
m
et
h
o
d
s
o
f
t
h
e cl
as
s
[
24
].
I
n
(
3
)
i
s
de
pi
c
t
e
d a
s
f
ol
l
ow
s
:
=
ℎ
ℎ
ℎ
(
3)
w
h
er
e
;
N
um
M
e
t
hodI
nh:
r
e
f
e
r
s
t
o
t
he
num
be
r
of
m
e
t
hods
i
nhe
r
i
t
e
d by a
c
l
a
s
s
,
A
l
l
M
et
h
o
d
s
:
r
ef
er
s
t
o
al
l
m
et
h
o
d
s
acces
s
i
b
l
e (
i
n
h
er
i
t
ed
+ cl
as
s
’
s
m
et
h
o
d
s
)
t
o
t
h
e cl
as
s
m
em
b
er
.
−
NOP
:
T
h
i
s
m
e
t
r
i
c
i
s
m
e
a
s
ur
e
d by de
t
e
r
m
i
ni
ng
t
he
num
be
r
of
t
he
m
e
t
hods
w
hi
c
h ha
ve
pol
ym
or
phi
c
be
ha
vi
or
.
T
hi
s
i
s
done
by
(
4)
[
3
].
=
(
ℎ
ℎ
)
(
4)
A
c
c
or
di
ng t
o
B
a
n
si
y
a
a
nd D
a
vi
s
[
24
]
,
a
n
e
xt
e
ndi
bi
l
i
t
y a
t
t
r
i
but
e
i
s
a
c
om
bi
na
t
i
on
o
f
f
our
pr
ope
r
t
y
o
f
t
he
de
s
i
gn a
s
m
e
nt
i
one
d a
bove
,
t
hi
s
a
t
t
r
i
but
e
m
e
a
s
ur
e
d a
c
c
or
di
ng t
o t
he
f
or
m
ul
a
gi
ve
n by
[
24
]
a
nd s
how
n i
n
t
he
f
ol
l
ow
i
ng e
qua
t
i
on:
=
0
.
5
×
−
0
.
5
×
+
0
.
5
×
+
0
.
5
×
(
5)
w
h
er
e
;
ANA
: A
b
s
tr
a
c
tio
n
me
tr
ic
.
D
CC
:
C
oupl
i
ng m
e
t
r
i
c
.
MF
A
:
I
n
h
er
i
t
an
ce m
et
r
i
c.
NOP
:
P
o
ly
mo
r
p
h
is
m
me
tr
ic
4.
TH
E P
R
O
P
O
S
ED
A
LG
O
R
I
TH
M
F
O
R
EX
TEN
S
I
BI
LI
TY
Q
U
A
L
I
TY
A
T
TR
I
BU
TE
T
h
e
ove
r
a
l
l
w
o
r
k o
f
t
he
pr
opos
e
d a
l
gor
i
t
hm
c
a
n b
e
de
pi
c
t
e
d a
s
s
how
n i
n F
i
gu
r
e
1.
I
t
c
ons
i
s
t
s
of
t
he
f
ol
l
ow
i
ng s
t
e
ps
:
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L
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m
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t
ep
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r
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g
t
es
t
cas
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f
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l
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s
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m
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c
h i
s
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t
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ch
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put
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i
de
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w
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ngi
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t
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xpor
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ch
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te
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xt
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um
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e
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o
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m
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t
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on
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s
s
t
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e
d
a
s
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i
l
e
s.
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t
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p3:
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a
s
s
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um
e
nt
t
o t
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X
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pa
r
s
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w
he
r
e
t
he
r
e
qui
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nf
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m
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on
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l
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e
xt
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h a
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ope
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t
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ons
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l
a
s
s
e
s
a
nd
a
ttr
ib
u
te
s
o
f
a
c
la
s
s
d
ia
g
r
a
ms
.
S
te
p
4
: C
o
mp
u
tin
g
th
e
d
e
s
ig
n
me
tr
ic
s
a
s
it w
a
s
c
la
r
if
ie
d
in
s
ect
i
o
n
3
pr
e
vi
ous
l
y
a
nd
a
c
c
or
di
ng t
o
(
1
)
-
(
4)
.
S
te
p
5
: C
a
lc
u
la
tin
g
e
x
te
n
d
ib
ility
q
u
a
l
ity
a
ttr
ib
u
te
s
a
c
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
f
o
r
mu
la
(
5
)
in
s
ect
i
o
n
3.
I
n t
he
f
ol
l
ow
i
ng s
e
c
t
i
ons
e
a
c
h of
t
he
a
bove
s
t
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i
l
l
be
de
s
c
r
i
be
d i
n
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or
e
de
t
a
i
l
s
.
F
i
gur
e
1.
E
x
te
n
d
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ility
at
t
r
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b
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t
e f
l
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ch
ar
t
4.
1
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U
ML
c
l
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s
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k
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M
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as
s
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t
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t
o
m
at
ed
t
el
l
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A
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ach
i
n
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d
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ne
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xa
m
s
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m
s
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ha
ve
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e
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a
w
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of
t
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f
a
m
ous
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oo
l
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p
r
i
s
e ar
ch
i
t
ect
(
E
A)
wh
i
c
h
s
uppor
t
s
a
c
om
pr
e
he
ns
i
ve
m
ode
l
i
ng of
U
M
L
a
nd
us
e
s
f
or
bui
l
di
ng a
nd de
s
i
gni
ng s
of
t
w
a
r
e
s
ys
t
e
m
s
.
I
t
c
ove
r
s
a
l
l
s
i
de
s
of
t
he
s
of
t
w
a
r
e
de
ve
l
opm
e
nt
l
i
f
e
c
yc
l
e
w
i
t
h f
ul
l
t
r
a
c
e
a
bi
l
i
t
y.
U
s
ua
l
l
y,
t
hi
s
t
ool
doe
s
no
t
s
uppor
t
d
e
s
ig
n
me
tr
ic
s
o
f
th
e
s
o
f
tw
a
r
e
s
y
s
te
ms
.
E
ach
s
y
s
t
em
h
as
b
een
d
r
aw
n
(
as
w
i
l
l
b
e
m
en
t
i
o
n
e
d
l
at
er
i
n
s
ect
i
o
n
5
)
de
pe
ndi
ng
on
i
t
s
f
unc
t
i
on;
t
he
f
ir
s
t te
s
t
c
a
s
e
is
A
T
M
s
y
s
te
m.
T
h
e
ma
in
f
u
n
c
tio
n
o
f
th
is
d
e
v
ic
e
is
to
e
n
a
b
le
s
c
u
s
to
me
r
s
t
o
ach
i
ev
e
f
i
n
an
ci
al
t
r
an
s
act
i
o
n
s
,
l
i
ke
de
pos
i
t
s
,
c
a
s
h w
i
t
hdr
a
w
a
l
s
,
a
nd
f
unds
t
r
a
ns
f
e
r
s
,
a
t
a
ny
t
i
m
e
w
i
t
hout
t
he
ne
e
d f
or
di
r
e
c
t
i
n
t
er
act
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
s
t
af
f
o
f
t
h
e b
an
k
.
T
h
e s
eco
n
d
t
es
t
cas
e i
s
t
h
e
onl
i
ne
e
xa
m
s
ys
t
e
m
w
h
er
e ex
am
i
n
at
i
o
n
s
ar
e
gi
ve
n onl
i
ne
t
o e
va
l
ua
t
e
t
h
e
s
t
ude
nt
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
ve
l
y
.
T
he
f
unda
m
e
nt
a
l
goa
l
o
f
t
hi
s
s
ys
t
e
m
i
s
t
o
r
e
d
uc
e
s
t
he
r
eq
u
i
r
ed
t
i
m
e an
d
o
b
t
ai
n
accu
r
at
e r
es
u
l
t
s
i
n
a f
a
s
t
w
ay
.
Q
M
O
O
D
m
ode
l
m
e
t
r
i
c
s
a
nd e
xt
e
ndi
bi
l
i
t
y qua
l
i
t
y
a
t
t
r
i
but
e
ha
ve
be
e
n c
om
put
e
d
f
or
e
a
c
h of
t
he
s
e
s
ys
t
e
m
s
,
e
a
c
h one
gi
ve
s
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
r
e
s
ul
t
a
c
c
or
di
ng t
o i
t
s
d
e
s
ig
n
.
T
h
is
w
ill
b
e
me
n
tio
n
e
d
la
te
r
in
T
a
b
l
e
2.
4.
2
.
X
MI
A
f
t
er
t
h
e
cl
as
s
d
i
ag
r
am
s
w
er
e d
r
aw
n
f
o
r
each
s
y
s
t
em
at
t
h
e d
es
i
g
n
s
t
ag
e an
d
cl
ar
i
f
i
ed
t
h
e b
as
i
c
f
unc
t
i
ons
f
or
e
a
c
h of
t
he
m
us
i
ng c
l
a
s
s
e
s
a
nd t
he
r
e
l
a
t
i
ons
hi
p be
t
w
e
e
n t
h
em
,
each
d
i
ag
r
am
h
as
b
een
ex
p
o
r
t
ed
t
o (
X
M
I
doc
um
e
nt
)
.
I
t
i
s
a
n ope
n s
t
a
nda
r
d f
or
m
a
t
of
t
he
f
i
l
e
w
hi
c
h e
na
bl
e
s
i
nt
e
r
c
ha
nge
t
he
m
ode
l
i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on
be
t
w
e
e
n t
ool
s
a
nd
m
ode
l
s
.
X
M
I
i
s
a
w
a
y of
s
a
vi
ng t
he
di
a
gr
a
m
s
of
U
M
L
(
c
l
a
s
s
di
a
gr
a
m
i
n
t
hi
s
w
o
r
k
)
in
d
e
ta
ils
s
u
ch
as
t
h
e n
am
e,
at
t
r
i
b
u
t
es
,
o
p
e
r
at
i
o
n
s
o
f
each
cl
as
s
,
a
nd
r
e
l
a
t
i
ons
hi
ps
.
X
M
I
d
o
cu
m
en
t
h
as
a
l
ar
g
e
s
et
o
f
t
ag
s
as
d
ep
i
ct
ed
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
2,
s
om
e
a
r
e
i
m
por
t
a
nt
but
ot
he
r
s
a
r
e
not
s
u
ch
as
t
h
e cl
as
s
s
t
y
l
e,
a
n
d
d
at
e o
f
c
r
e
a
t
i
on.
T
he
a
i
m
of
e
xpo
r
t
i
ng
c
la
s
s
d
ia
g
r
a
ms
to
X
M
I
f
ile
is
to
u
s
e
th
e
s
e
f
i
l
es
as
i
n
p
u
t
t
o
t
h
e
p
ar
s
er
w
h
i
ch
w
i
l
l
ex
t
r
act
al
l
n
eces
s
ar
y
i
n
f
o
r
m
at
i
o
n
u
s
ed
t
o
cal
cu
l
at
e m
et
r
i
cs
s
u
ch
a
s
no.
o
f
cl
as
s
es
a
nd
no.
of
ope
r
a
t
i
on o
f
e
a
c
h c
l
a
s
s
.
4.
3
.
X
MI
p
a
rs
er
X
M
I
p
ar
s
er
i
s
u
t
i
l
i
zed
t
o
ex
t
r
act
d
at
a
f
r
o
m
X
M
I
d
o
cu
m
en
t
;
X
M
I
p
ar
s
er
w
i
l
l
s
t
o
r
e
al
l
v
al
u
es
o
f
X
M
I
doc
um
e
nt
t
a
gs
i
n l
i
s
t
s
w
hi
c
h c
ont
a
i
n a
l
l
i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on a
bout
t
he
c
l
a
s
s
di
a
gr
a
m
.
J
A
V
A
E
c
l
i
ps
e
pr
ogr
a
m
m
i
ng
l
a
ngua
ge
i
s
us
e
d f
o
r
i
m
pl
e
m
e
nt
a
t
i
on a
nd
doc
um
e
nt
obj
e
c
t
m
ode
l
(
D
O
M
)
f
o
r
m
a
ni
pul
a
t
i
ng
X
M
I
d
oc
um
e
nt
.
D
oc
um
e
nt
obj
e
c
t
m
ode
l
(
D
O
M
)
i
s
a
n a
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
on
pr
ogr
a
m
m
i
ng i
n
t
e
r
f
a
c
e
w
hi
c
h
m
a
ni
pul
a
t
i
ng X
M
I
d
oc
um
e
nt
a
nd pr
ovi
di
ng
a
t
r
e
e
s
t
r
uc
t
u
r
a
l
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
a
t
i
on of
t
he
doc
um
e
nt
t
a
gs
.
X
M
L
doc
um
e
nt
s
ha
ve
a
n
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
ona
l
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
el
eco
m
m
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put
E
l
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o
l
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Vo
l
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1
9
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o
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5
,
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b
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2021
:
1507
-
1516
1512
uni
t
hi
e
r
a
r
c
hy
c
a
l
l
e
d node
s
.
D
O
M
de
s
c
r
i
bi
ng t
h
os
e
node
s
a
nd t
he
r
e
l
a
t
i
ons
hi
ps
be
t
w
e
e
n t
he
m
.
F
i
gur
e
3
,
de
pi
c
t
s
t
he
us
e
of
D
O
M
pa
r
s
e
r
t
o m
a
ni
pul
a
t
e
X
M
L
doc
um
e
nt
of
t
he
c
l
a
s
s
di
a
gr
a
m
s
a
s
w
i
l
l
b
e m
en
t
i
o
n
ed
l
at
er
us
i
ng j
a
va
e
c
l
i
ps
e
.
F
i
gur
e
2.
X
M
I
f
or
m
a
t
F
i
gur
e
3.
M
a
ni
pul
a
t
e
X
M
L
us
i
ng D
O
M
pa
r
s
e
r
4
.4
.
Co
m
p
u
t
e
(
ANA,
DCC,
M
F
A
,
NO
P
)
m
et
ri
c
s
I
n
th
is
s
te
p
,
t
he
s
e
f
our
me
tr
ic
s
m
us
t
be
c
om
put
e
d.
T
o d
o s
o
,
me
tr
ic
s
e
x
p
la
in
e
d
in
s
e
c
tio
n
3
(
1
)
-
(
4
)
h
av
e b
een
i
m
p
l
em
en
t
ed
.
T
h
es
e m
et
r
i
cs
co
n
s
i
d
er
ed
a
s
a
p
r
e
r
e
q
u
is
ite
to
c
o
mp
u
te
th
e
e
x
te
n
d
ib
ilit
y
q
u
a
lity
a
ttr
ib
u
te
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
el
eco
m
m
u
n
C
om
put
E
l
C
ont
r
o
l
M
e
a
s
u
r
e
e
x
te
n
d
ib
ility
/e
x
te
n
s
ib
ility
q
u
a
lity
a
ttr
ib
u
te
u
s
in
g
… (
T
aghr
e
e
d R
i
y
adh
A
l
r
e
f
f
ae
e
)
1513
4
.5
.
C
o
mp
u
te
e
x
t
e
n
d
ib
ili
t
y
q
u
a
lit
y
a
t
t
r
ib
u
t
e
s
T
h
e
f
i
n
al
s
t
ep
i
s
to
c
o
mp
u
te
th
e
e
x
te
n
d
ib
ility
q
u
a
lity
a
ttr
ib
u
te
.
A
f
t
e
r
c
om
put
i
ng t
he
f
our
m
e
t
r
i
c
s
(
ANA,
DC
C
,
M
F
A
a
n
d
NOP
)
. I
n
(
5
)
m
e
nt
i
one
d
i
n
s
e
c
t
i
on
3
h
as
b
een
i
m
p
l
em
en
t
ed
to
f
in
d
th
e
f
in
a
l v
a
lu
e
.
5.
EX
P
ER
I
M
E
N
TA
L T
ES
TS
A
N
D
R
ES
U
LTS
F
or
t
he
pur
pos
e
of
e
xe
c
ut
i
ng t
he
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
,
t
e
s
t
c
a
s
e
s
m
u
s
t
be
us
e
d a
nd a
na
l
yz
e
d.
T
w
o t
e
s
t
cas
e
s
w
e
r
e
us
e
d on t
w
o di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
c
l
a
s
s
di
a
gr
a
m
s
.
T
he
n,
c
l
a
r
i
f
i
e
d t
he
Q
M
O
O
D
e
xt
e
ndi
bi
l
i
t
y a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
nt
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
.
5.
1
.
Fi
r
s
t
e
xam
p
l
e
T
he
f
ir
s
t e
x
a
mp
le
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
ts
th
e
imp
le
me
n
ta
tio
n
o
f
A
T
M
s
y
s
te
m.
E
ach
m
et
r
i
cs
v
al
u
e n
eed
ed
w
i
ll
c
a
l
c
ul
a
t
e
d f
r
om
t
he
c
l
a
s
s
di
a
gr
a
m
of
t
he
s
ys
t
e
m
.
F
i
gur
e
4 s
how
s
t
he
c
l
a
s
s
di
a
gr
a
m
of
A
T
M
s
ys
t
e
m
.
F
i
gur
e
4.
S
i
m
pl
e
c
l
a
s
s
di
a
gr
a
m
f
or
A
T
M
m
a
c
hi
ne
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
el
eco
m
m
u
n
C
om
put
E
l
C
ont
r
o
l
,
Vo
l
.
1
9
, N
o
.
5
,
O
ct
o
b
er
2021
:
1507
-
1516
1514
5.
2
.
Se
c
o
nd
e
xam
p
l
e
T
he
s
e
c
ond c
a
s
e
s
t
udy r
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
s
t
he
i
m
pl
e
m
e
nt
a
t
i
on of
onl
i
ne
e
xa
m
sy
st
e
m
. T
h
e cl
as
s
d
i
ag
r
am
i
s
s
how
n i
n F
i
gur
e
5.
F
i
gur
e
4 a
nd F
i
gur
e
5 s
how
o
b
j
ect
-
o
r
i
en
t
ed
de
s
i
gn f
or
A
T
M
M
a
c
hi
ne
a
nd
onl
i
ne
ex
am
sy
st
e
m
.
T
a
bl
e
2 s
how
s
t
he
va
l
ue
s
of
m
e
t
r
i
c
s
.
F
i
gur
e
5.
S
i
m
pl
e
c
l
a
s
s
di
a
gr
a
m
f
or
onl
i
ne
e
xa
m
s
ys
t
e
m
T
a
bl
e
2.
E
xt
e
ndi
bi
l
i
t
y m
e
t
r
i
c
s
a
nd
i
t
s
va
l
ue
f
or
A
T
M
a
nd onl
i
ne
e
xa
m
s
ys
t
e
m
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[1
]
R
.
Vir
,
P
.
Dhi
ll
on
,
a
n
d J.
D
hi
ll
on “
F
uz
z
y L
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pp
r
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o F
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ode
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ti
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al J
o
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l of C
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mp
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ic
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ti
on
s
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l.
94,
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9,
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[2
]
L
.
Alz
uba
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.
A.
I
br
a
h
im
,
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To M
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13,
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o.
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-
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,
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01
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.
[3
]
P
.
K
.
G
oya
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d
G
.
J
os
hi
,
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QM
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[4
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Vi
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©
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3 I
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,
doi
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.
1
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9/
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20
13.
67
66
56
1.
[5
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K.
Z.
N.
Wi
nn,
“
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Ya
da
v,
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M
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F
.
P
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lba
ue
r
,
R
.
I
.
Da
vis
,
a
n
d
I
.
B
a
t
e
,
“
A
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
a
l
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
I
D
a
ssi
gnm
e
nt
p
ol
ic
y
f
or
C
on
tr
o
lle
r
Ar
e
a
Ne
tw
or
k
t
ha
t
m
a
xim
iz
e
s e
xte
ns
ib
il
it
y,
”
In
Pr
oc
e
e
d
in
gs
of
t
he
2
4t
h
I
nte
rn
at
io
na
l C
o
nf
e
re
nc
e
o
n
Re
a
l
-
T
i
me
N
e
tw
ork
s
an
d
S
y
st
e
ms
, p
p
. 4
5
-
5
4.
20
16,
do
i:
10.
11
45
/2
99
74
65.
2
99
74
8
4.
[9
]
C.
M.
S
.
C
outo,
H.
R
oc
ha
,
a
nd R
.
Te
r
r
a
,
"
Qua
li
ty
-
or
ie
n
te
d M
ove
M
e
th
od R
e
f
a
c
tor
in
g
,
"
BEN
EV
OL
2
01
7
-
16
th
B
El
gi
an
-
N
E
the
rl
an
ds s
of
tw
a
re
e
V
OL
u
ti
on sy
mp
os
iu
m
,
2
017.
[
10]
J.
Kim
,
S
.
Ka
n
g,
J.
Ah
n
,
a
n
d S
.
L
e
e
,
“
EM
S
A
: E
xte
nsi
bi
li
ty
M
e
tr
ic
f
or
S
of
twa
r
e
Ar
c
h
ite
c
tur
e
”
,
I
n
te
rn
at
ion
al
J
ou
rn
al of S
of
tw
a
re
En
gi
ne
e
r
in
g an
d K
now
le
d
ge
Engi
ne
e
ri
ng,
vo
l.
28,
no.
3
,
p
p
.
3
71
–
40
5,
20
18,
doi
:
1
0.
11
42
/s
02
18
19
40
18
50
01
34.
[
11]
D.
Abd
ul
la
h,
H.
M
a
hf
uz
u
l
,
a
n
d
Y.
Ha
g
os,
“
A M
e
t
ho
do
l
ogy
to E
va
l
ua
te
E
xte
ns
ib
il
it
y of
O
bje
c
t Or
ie
nte
d De
s
ig
n
: A
P
r
odu
c
t Tr
a
ns
it
io
n
P
e
r
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
,
”
I
n
te
r
na
ti
on
al J
ou
rn
al
of A
dv
a
nc
e
d
Re
se
arc
h i
n C
om
pu
te
r
an
d C
o
mm
un
ic
a
t
io
n
E
ng
in
e
e
ri
ng
,
vo
l.
8,
no.
1
0,
Oc
t.
2
01
9,
do
i:
1
0.
1
71
48
/i
ja
r
c
c
e
.
201
9.
8
10
01.
[
12]
N.
S
.
A.
A.
B
a
ka
r
,
“
The
Ana
l
ys
is
of
Ob
je
c
t
-
Or
ie
nte
d M
e
tr
ic
s in C
+
+
P
r
ogr
a
m
s,
”
L
e
c
tur
e
N
ote
s on
S
of
tw
a
re
E
ng
in
e
e
ri
ng
,
vo
l.
4,
no.
1,
F
e
b.
2
01
6,
do
i:
1
0.
7
76
3/
ln
se
.
201
6.
v
4.
22
2.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
el
eco
m
m
u
n
C
om
put
E
l
C
ont
r
o
l
,
Vo
l
.
1
9
, N
o
.
5
,
O
ct
o
b
er
2021
:
1507
-
1516
1516
[
13]
S
.
K.
P
unia
,
“
A R
e
vie
w of
S
of
t
wa
r
e
Qua
li
ty M
e
tr
ic
s f
or
Obje
c
t
-
Or
ie
n
te
d De
s
ig
n,
”
I
nte
r
na
ti
on
al J
o
ur
na
l
of
Adv
anc
e
d Re
se
arc
h i
n C
om
pu
te
r
Sc
ie
nc
e
a
nd S
of
tw
a
re
E
ng
in
e
e
ri
ng
,
vo
l.
6,
no.
8,
A
ug.
2
01
6 .
[
14]
B
.
Koc
ha
r
,
S
.
S
.
Ga
u
r
,
a
nd D.
K.
B
ha
r
dwa
j,
“
I
de
n
tif
i
c
a
ti
on,
A
na
l
ys
is &
Em
pir
ic
a
l Va
li
da
t
io
n (
I
A
V)
of
O
b
je
c
t
Or
ie
nte
d
De
si
gn
(
OO)
M
e
tr
ic
s a
s
Q
ua
l
it
y I
n
di
c
a
t
or
s,
”
I
nte
rn
at
io
na
l
J
o
ur
na
l o
n
Re
c
e
n
t a
nd
I
nn
ov
a
ti
on T
re
n
d
s i
n
C
omp
ut
in
g a
nd C
o
mm
un
ic
a
ti
on
,
v
ol.
5,
n
o.
8,
pp
.
31
-
40
,
201
7
.
[
15]
A.
S
in
gh,
R
.
B
ha
tia
,
a
n
d A.
S
i
ng
hr
o
va
,
“
Ta
xo
nom
y o
f
m
a
c
hi
ne
le
a
r
ni
ng a
l
go
r
i
thm
s
in
sof
twa
r
e
f
a
ul
t pr
e
dic
tio
n
usi
ng o
bje
c
t or
ie
nte
d m
e
tr
ic
s,
”
I
nte
r
na
ti
on
al C
o
nfe
r
e
nc
e
on C
om
pu
ta
ti
on
al I
n
te
l
li
ge
n
c
e
an
d Da
ta Sc
ie
nc
e
,
vol.
1
32
,
pp
.
9
93
-
10
01,
2
01
8,
do
i:
1
0.
1
01
6/
j.
pr
oc
s.
2
01
8.
05.
1
15.
[
16]
A.
S
ha
r
m
a
a
nd S
.
K.
Dube
y,
“
C
om
pa
r
i
so
n of
S
of
t
wa
r
e
Qua
li
ty M
e
tr
ic
s f
or
O
bje
c
t
-
Or
ie
n
te
d S
y
ste
m
,
”
I
nt
e
rn
at
ion
al
J
ou
rn
al o
f C
om
pu
te
r Sc
ie
nc
e
&
Ma
na
ge
me
nt
St
ud
ie
s
,
S
pe
c
ia
l
I
ss
ue
of
v
ol.
1
2,
pp.
1
2
-
24
,
Ju
ne
2
01
2.
[
17]
Z
.
C
.
Ani
,
S
.
Bas
ri
,
a
nd
A
.
S
a
r
l
an
,
“
A R
e
u
sa
b
il
it
y As
se
ssm
e
n
t of
UC
P
-
B
a
se
d Ef
f
o
r
t E
st
im
a
t
io
n F
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
us
i
ng
O
b
j
e
c
t
-
Or
ie
nte
d Ap
pr
oa
c
h,
”
J
ou
rn
al o
f T
e
le
c
o
mm
un
ic
a
t
ion,
E
le
c
t
ro
nic
a
nd C
o
mp
ute
r En
gi
ne
e
r
in
g
,
vo
l.
9,
no.
3
-
5
,
201
7.
[
18]
C
.
S
ingh
e
t
al
.
"
Towa
r
d
S
of
t
wa
r
e
M
e
a
s
ur
e
m
e
n
t
a
nd
Q
ua
lit
y
A
na
l
ys
is
of
M
AR
F
a
n
d
G
I
P
S
Y
C
a
se
S
tud
ie
s,
a
Te
a
m
8
S
OEN
66
11
-
S
14 P
r
oje
c
t
Rep
o
rt
,
"
ar
Xiv
p
re
p
ri
nt ar
Xiv
:
1
407.
13
28
,
20
14
.
[
19]
S
.
Ja
in,
P
.
S
ha
nta
nu
,
a
nd S
.
R
a
ghur
a
j,
"
P
r
e
dic
t
ive
O
bje
c
t P
oin
ts (
P
OP
)
S
iz
in
g M
e
tr
ic
: A G
oo
d P
r
e
dic
tor
of
Qua
l
it
y
of
OO S
of
twa
r
e
,
"
I
ndi
an J
o
ur
na
l o
f Sc
ie
nc
e
and T
e
c
hn
ol
ogy
,
v
ol.
11
,
no.
2
0,
pp.
1
-
8
,
2
018,
doi
:
1
0.
17
48
5/
ij
st
/2
01
8/
v1
1i
20
/4
82
15.
[
20]
A.
S
ha
he
e
n,
U.
Qa
m
a
r
,
A.
Na
z
ir
,
R
.
B
ibi,
M
.
Ans
a
r
,
an
d
I.
Z
afar,
"
Ooc
qm
:
o
bje
c
t
-
or
ie
nte
d
c
ode
qua
l
it
y
m
e
t
e
r
,
"
I
nte
r
na
ti
on
al
C
on
fe
re
nc
e
on
C
o
mp
ut
at
io
na
l Sc
ie
nc
e
/I
nte
ll
ige
nc
e
&
Ap
pl
ie
d
I
nf
or
ma
ti
c
s
,
J
a
n.
20
20,
pp.
14
9
-
16
3,
do
i: 1
0.
1
00
7/
97
8
-
3
-
0
30
-
25
22
5
-
0_
11.
[
21]
S
.
Ci
raci
a
nd
P
.
v
.
d
.
Bro
e
k
,
”
Ev
ol
va
b
il
it
y a
s a
qua
l
ity a
ttr
ib
ute
of
s
of
t
wa
r
e
a
r
c
h
ite
c
t
ur
e
s,
”
T
he
I
nte
rn
at
io
na
l
ERC
I
M Wo
rk
s
ho
p o
n
So
ftw
are
Ev
o
lu
ti
on
,
20
06
.
[
22]
M.
G
.
S
a
e
e
d
,
M.
T.
Ala
sa
a
dy
,
F
.
L
.
M
a
l
a
l
l
a
h
,
a
nd
K.
H
.
F
a
r
a
j
,
“
Thr
e
e
L
e
ve
l
s
Qua
li
ty A
na
l
ys
is
To
ol f
or
O
bj
e
c
t
Or
ie
nte
d P
r
ogr
a
m
m
in
g,
”
I
nte
rn
at
io
na
l J
ou
rn
al o
f A
dv
anc
e
d C
om
pu
te
r Sc
ie
nc
e
an
d Ap
pl
ic
a
ti
on
s
,
vo
l.
9,
no.
11,
201
8,
do
i:
10
.
1
45
69
/i
ja
c
sa
.
20
18.
09
11
73.
[
23]
N
.
Jo
ha
n
ss
on,
A
.
L
öf
gr
e
n,
a
nd
C
.
Ol
ss
on
,
“
De
s
ig
ni
ng
f
or
e
x
te
n
si
bi
li
ty
: A
n a
c
t
io
n r
e
se
a
r
c
h
st
ud
y of
m
a
x
im
i
si
n
g
e
xte
ns
ib
il
it
y by m
e
a
n
s of
de
s
ig
n
pr
inc
ip
le
s,
”
B
a
c
he
l
or
of
Ap
pl
ie
d
I
nf
or
m
a
t
io
n
Te
c
h
no
lo
gy T
he
sis,
Un
iv
e
r
si
ty o
f
G
othe
nb
u
r
g
,
20
09
.
[
24]
J.
B
a
nsi
ya
a
n
d C
.
G
.
Da
vis,
“
A h
ie
r
a
r
c
h
ic
a
l m
o
d
e
l f
or
ob
je
c
t
-
or
ie
n
te
d de
si
gn
qua
li
ty a
s
se
s
sm
e
n
t,
"
I
E
EE
T
ran
sac
ti
on
s o
n so
ftw
are
e
ng
ine
e
ri
ng
,
v
ol
28,
n
o.
1,
Ja
n.
200
2.
do
i:
10.
1
10
9/
32.
97
99
86.
[
25]
D.
R
iz
k
,
“
S
of
t
wa
r
e
Qua
li
ty
A
ttr
ib
ute
M
e
a
sur
e
m
e
nt
a
n
d A
na
l
ys
is B
a
se
d
o
n C
la
ss
D
ia
gr
a
m
M
e
tr
ic
s,
”
The
se
s
a
n
d
Dis
se
r
ta
t
io
ns
T
he
Am
e
r
ic
a
n U
ni
ve
r
s
it
y i
n C
a
ir
o,
2
00
9.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.